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18 results on '"European stone fruit yellows"'

1. Zdravotní stav a patogeny v experimentální výsadbě meruněk: Vývoj v čase

Author

Martina Rejlová

Subjects
apricots, pcr diagnostics, european stone fruit yellows, esfy, cytospora, Plant culture, SB1-1110, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

A significant dieback of apricots first years after planting, known as apoplexy of apricots, represents an important problem for growers. Studies are being conducted to identify causes of this phenomenon to prevent massive withering in apricot orchards. Between 2018 and 2021, health status of an experimental apricot orchard was monitored, in which nearly 10 % of trees died two-to-four years before 2018. Within the next three years, samples were collected three times (August 2018, December 2019, and May 2021) to study prevalence of pathogens in time. Sprout samples were PCR-analyzed for the presence of the following pathogens: ˈCandidatus Phytoplasma prunorumˈ, Pseudomonas syringae, and Cytospora spp. Our results showed an increase in prevalence of ˈCa. P. prunorumˈ in symptomatic trees (from slightly less than 40 % to nearly 60 %), while in asymptomatic trees the prevalence remains about the same (20 % – 26.4 %). Prevalence of Cytospora spp. was also considerably increased in older trees – it was detected in more than 25 % of apricots five to seven years of age. The presence of P. syringae was influenced by weather and sampling date, and it was not possible to assess its role in apricot apoplexy. Thus, ˈCandidatus Phytoplasma prunorumˈ and Cytospora fungi are likely two main players that adversely affect health status of apricot orchards, resulting in pre-mature dying of infected trees.

Published
2021

2. Prevalence patogenů asociovaných se syndromem předčasného odumírání meruněk v komerčních výsadbách v České republice

Author

Martina Rejlová

Subjects
apricots, pcr diagnostics, european stone fruit yellows, esfy, Plant culture, SB1-1110, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Apoplexy of apricots represents a long-lasting problem for Czech apricots growers. It is assumed that apricot tree dieback is caused by a complex of biotic and abiotic factors. Pathogenic bacteria, fungi and viruses are considered a biotic factor that plays a key role in apricot withering. To evaluate health status in commercial apricot orchards, a study was conducted between 2019 and 2021. Within three years, 16 localities were monitored in four most important apricot planting areas in the Czech Republic. In total, 246 samples were collected that were analyzed by real-time PCR for the presence of the following pathogens: ˈCandidatus Phytoplasma prunorumˈ, Pseudomonas syringae, Cytospora spp., Erwinia amylovora, plum pox virus (PPV), prune dwarf virus (PDV), prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), and little cherry virus 1 and 2 (LChV 1 and LChV 2). Our results have shown that ˈCandidatus Phytoplasma prunorumˈ is highly prevalent (70.6 % of symptomatic samples), and confirmed a primary role of phytoplasmas in withering of apricots. Pseudomonas syringae bacterium was detected in 2/3 of samples. Cytospora spp. were another pathogens found in apricot dying trees in nearly 25 % of symptomatic trees. PPV was detected in older orchards, but its presence was not associated with apricot apoplexy, since it was also found in asymptomatic samples with about the same frequency. PDV and PNRSV were found only sporadically, and likely do not play a major role in apricots dieback. Alarmingly, LChV 1 was observed in one young orchard in 80 % of samples. LChV 2 and Erwinia amylovora have not been detected.

Published
2021

3. Occurrence data for the two cryptic species of Cacopsylla pruni (Hemiptera: Psylloidea).

Author

Sauvion, Nicolas, Peccoud, Jean, Meynard, Christine N., and Ouvrard, David

Subjects
CACOPSYLLA, STONE fruit, PRUNUS, PHYTOPLASMAS, JUMPING plant-lice
Abstract

Background Cacopsylla pruni is a psyllid that has been known since 1998 as the vector of the bacterium 'Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum', responsible for the European stone fruit yellows (ESFY), a disease that affects species of Prunus. This disease is one of the major limiting factors for the production of stone fruits, most notably apricot (Prunus armeniaca) and Japanese plum (P. salicina), in all EU stone fruit-growing areas. The psyllid vector is widespread in the Western Palearctic and evidence for the presence of the phytoplasma that it transmits to species of Prunus has been found in 15 of the 27 EU countries. Recent studies showed that C. pruni is actually composed of two cryptic species that can be differentiated by molecular markers. A literature review on the distribution of C. pruni was published in 2012, but it only provided presence or absence information at the country level and without distinction between the two cryptic species. Since 2012, numerous new records of the vector in several European countries have been published. We ourselves have acquired a large amount of data from sampling in France and other European countries. We have also carried out a thorough systematic literature review to find additional records, including all the original sources mentioning C. pruni (or its synonyms) since the first description by Scopoli in 1763. Our aim was to create an exhaustive georeferenced occurrence catalogue, in particular in countries that are occasionally mentioned in literature with little detail. Finally, for countries that seem suitable for the proliferation of C. pruni (USA, Canada, Japan, China etc.), we dug deeper into literature and reliable sources (e.g. published checklists) to better substantiate its current absence from those regions. New information We give free access to a unique file of 1975 records of all occurrence data in our possession concerning C. pruni, that we have gathered through more than twenty years of sampling efforts in Europe or through intensive text mining. We have made every effort to retrieve the source information for the records extracted from literature (1201 records). Thus, we always give the title of the original reference, together with the page(s) citing C. pruni and, if possible, the year of sampling. To make the results of this survey publicly available, we give a URL to access the literature sources. In most cases, this link allows free downloads of a PDF file. We also give access to information extracted from GBIF (162 exploitable data points on 245 occurrences found in the database), which we thoroughly checked and often supplemented to make the information more easily exploitable. We give access to our own unpublished georeferenced and genotyped records from 612 samples taken over the last 20 years in several European countries (Switzerland, Belgium, Netherlands, Spain etc.). These include two countries (Portugal and North Macedonia), for which the presence of C. pruni had not been reported before. As our specimens have been genotyped (74 sites with species A solely, 202 with species B solely and 310 with species A+B), our new data enable a better overview of the geographical distribution of the two cryptic species at the Palaearctic scale. Information on the distribution ranges of these vector psyllids is of crucial interest in order to best predict the vulnerability of stone fruit producing countries to the ESFY threat in the foreseeable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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4. Occurrence data for the two cryptic species of Cacopsylla pruni (Hemiptera: Psylloidea)

Author

Nicolas Sauvion, Jean Peccoud, Christine Meynard, David Ouvrard, Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), This data paper was conceived within the stimulating framework of the KIM RIVE (Key Initiative Montpellier: Infectious Risks and Vectors, https://muse.edu.umontpellier.fr/key-initiatives-muse/rive), supported by MUSE (Montpellier University of Excellence, https://muse.edu.umontpellier.fr/en/muse-i-site) and the RIVOC key challenge (https://muse.edu.umontpellier.fr/2021/04/19/appel-a-projets-rivoc), supported by the Occitanie Region (France). Part of this work benefitted from a postdoctoral grant to NS funded by an INRA-CIRAD SDIPS grant (Speciation and Molecular Diagnosis of Insect Pest Species Complexes).. Field and molecular work for this study were supported by several projects during 15 years:- ECOGER 'Ecologie et adaptation des insectes phytophages en gestion de leurs populations' founded by 'Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation', France, SEE-ERANET, network 'Phytoplasma epidemiology', funded by the 6th EUFramework Programme for Research and Development (ERA-CT-2004-515805), SPEED@ID 'Accurate SPEciEs Delimitation and IDentification of Eukaryotic biodiversity using DNA markers'. A project proposed by F-BoL, the French Barcode of Life initative - Genoscope Evry-France, PRIMA PHACIE 'Pest risk assessment for the European Community plant health: A comparative approach with case studies', founded by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), grant agreement CFP⁄EFSA⁄PLH, Bilateral project PIA BOSPHORUS between TUBITAK-Turkey and le Ministère des Affaires étrangères-France 'Role of the vectors (psyllids) in the dissemination of the diseases due to phytoplasma on fruit trees', PHYLOPSYL from the project 'Bibliothèque du vivant' (BdV) funded by three French institutions (the CNRS, INRA and MNHN), E-SPACE project number 1504-004, Improving epidemiosurveillance of Mediterranean and tropical plant diseases, French Agropolis Foundation., European Project, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Laboratoire de la santé des végétaux (LSV), Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite (UMR BGPI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), INRA-CIRAD SDIPS grant (Speciation and molecular Diagnosis of Insect Pest Species complexes)2005-07: ECOGER 'Ecologie et adaptation des insectes phytophages en gestion de leurs populations' founded by le Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation-France, 2007-08: SEE-ERA.NET, network 'Phytoplasma epidemiology', funded by the 6th EU Frame-work Programme for Research and Development (contract number ERACT- 2004-515805)2009-11: SDIPS 'Mechanisms of Speciation & Molecular Diagnosis of Insect Pest Species complexes' founded by INRA-France, 2010-12: SPEED@ID 'Accurate SPEciEs Delimitation and IDentification of Eukaryotic biodiversity using DNA markers'. A project proposed by F-BoL, the French Barcode of Life initative - Genoscope Evry-France, 2010-12: PRIMA PHACIE 'Pest risk assessment for the European Community plant health: A comparative approach with case studies', founded by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), grant agreement CFP⁄EFSA⁄PLH⁄2009⁄01, 2010-12: Bilateral project PIA BOSPHORUS between TUBITAK-Turkey and le Ministère des Affaires étrangères-France 'Role of the vectors (psyllids) in the dissemination of the diseases due to phytoplasma on fruit trees', 2011-13: PHYLOPSYL from the project 'Bibliothèque du vivant' (BdV) funded by three French institutions (the CNRS, INRA and MNHN), and 2015-2018: E-SPACE project number 1504-004, Improving epidemiosurveillance of Mediterranean and tropical plant diseases, French Agropolis Foundation.

Subjects
Asia, Insecta, Arthropoda, Cacopsylla pruni, QH301-705.5, Biodiversity & Conservation, Cacopsylla, Evolutionary biology, Horticulture, European stone fruit yellows, vector-borne plant pathogen, Hemiptera, Data analysis & Modelling, Sternorrhyncha, Systematics, Agricultural ecology, Ecology & Environmental sciences, Animalia, phytoplasma, Biology (General), 'Candidatus phytoplasma prunorum', Data Paper (Biosciences), Diseases & Pests, Biota, Psylloidea, psyllid, Europe, ' Candidatus phytoplasma prunorum', [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Psyllidae, Biogeography, Zoology & Animal Biology, Africa, species distribution, epidemiology, vecto, Americas, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Cacopsylla pruniisa psyllid that has been known since 1998 as the vector of the bacterium ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’, responsible for the European stone fruit yellows (ESFY), a disease that affects species of Prunus. This disease is one of the major limiting factors for the production of stone fruits, most notably apricot (Prunus armeniaca) and Japanese plum (P. salicina), in all EU stone fruit-growing areas. The psyllid vector is widespread in the Western Palearctic, and evidence for the presence of the phytoplasma that it transmits to species of Prunus has been found in 15 of the 27 EU countries. Recent studies showed that C. pruni is actually composed of two cryptic species, which can be differentiated bymolecular markers. A literature review on the distribution of C. pruni was published in 2012, but it only provided presence or absence information at the country level and without distinction between the two cryptic species. Since 2012, numerous new records of the vector in several European countries have been published. We ourselves have acquired a large amountof data from sampling in France and other European countries. We have also carried out a thorough systematic literature review to find additional records, including all the original sources mentioningC. pruni (or its synonyms) since the first description by Scopoli in 1763. Our aim was to create an exhaustive georeferenced occurrence catalog, in particular in countries that are occasionnaly mentioned in the literature with little detail. Finally, for countries that seem suitable for the proliferation of C. pruni (USA, Canada, Japan, China, etc.), we digged deeper into the literature and reliablesources (e.g. checklist)to better subtanciateits current absence from those regions. Information on the distribution ranges of these vector psyllids is of crucial interest in order to best predict the vulnerability of stone fruit producing countries to the ESFY threat in the foreseeable future. We give free access to a unique file of 1975 records of all occurrence data in our possession concerning C. pruni, which we have gathered through more than twenty years of sampling efforts in Europe or through intensive text mining. We have made every effort to retrieve the source information for the records extracted from litterature (1201 records). Thus, we always give the title of the original reference, together with the page(s) citing C. pruni and, if possible, the year of sampling. To makethe results of this survey publicly available, we give a URL to access the literature sources. In most cases, this link allows to freely download a PDFfile. We also give access to information extracted from GBIF (162 exploitable data points on 245 occurrences found in the database), which we thoroughly checked and often supplemented to make the information more easily exploitable. We give access to our own unpublished georeferenced and genotyped record from 612samples taken over the last 20 years in several European countries (Switzerland, Belgium, Netherlands, Spain, etc.). Theseinclude two countries (Portugal and North Macedonia) for which the presence of C. pruni had notbeen reported before.Asour specimens have been genotyped (74 sites with species A solely, 202 with species B solely, and 310 with species A+B), our new data enable a better view of the geographical distribution of the two species at the Palaearctic scale.

Published
2021

5. Cacopsylla pruni in Poland and its significance as a vector of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum'.

Author

WARABIEDA, Wojciech, SOIKA, Grażyna, and CIEŚLIŃSKA, Mirosława

Subjects
*CACOPSYLLA, *CANDIDATUS, *PHYTOPLASMA diseases, *JUMPING plant-lice, *STONE fruit
Abstract

The species composition of jumping plant-lice, especially Cacopsylla pruni as a vector of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum', was researched on stone fruit trees in 53 locations, mainly in Central Poland. Twelve species were found to belong to the families Psyllidae, Aphalaridae and Triozidae. C. pruni which made up 59.9% of the collected specimens was noted in eight locations in plum orchards and in two locations in cherry orchards. Only three locations were found to have specimens of C. pruni which were infected by 'Ca. Ph. prunorum', namely on plum trees in the Lesser Poland Province and plum and mirabelle plum trees in the Masoovian Province. In the latter location, specimens of C. pruni infected with 'Ca. Phytoplasma asteris' were also caught in mirabelle plum trees. We can conclude that at this moment C. pruni is not a significant threat to Polish stone fruit orchards and its importance in the possible spread of phytoplasma causing European stone fruit yellows is low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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6. Phloem Metabolites of Prunus Sp. Rather than Infection with Candidatus Phytoplasma Prunorum Influence Feeding Behavior of Cacopsylla pruni Nymphs

Author

Jürgen Gross and Jannicke Gallinger

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Nymph, Phytoplasma, Electropenetrography, Biology, European stone fruit yellows, Phloem, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Article, Hemiptera, 03 medical and health sciences, Prunus, Species Specificity, Infestation, medicine, Animals, Cultivar, Herbivory, Sieve tube element, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Vector development, fungi, food and beverages, Phloem composition, General Medicine, Feeding Behavior, biology.organism_classification, Plant-insect interaction, Phytobiome, Horticulture, 030104 developmental biology, Vector (epidemiology), 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Phytoplasmas are specialized small bacteria restricted to the phloem tissue and spread by hemipterans feeding on plant sieve tube elements. As for many other plant pathogens, it is known that phytoplasmas alter the chemistry of their hosts. Most research on phytoplasma-plant interactions focused on the induction of plant volatiles and phytohormones. Little is known about the influence of phytoplasma infections on the nutritional composition of phloem and consequences on vector behavior and development. The plum psyllidCacopsylla prunitransmits ‘CandidatusPhytoplasma prunorum’, the causing agent of European Stone Fruit Yellows (ESFY). While severalPrunusspecies are susceptible for psyllid feeding, they show different responses to the pathogen. We studied the possible modulation of plant-insect interactions by bacteria-induced changes in phloem sap chemistry. Therefore, we sampled phloem sap from phytoplasma-infected and non-infectedPrunus persicaandPrunus insititiaplants, which differ in their susceptibility to ESFY and psyllid feeding. Furthermore, the feeding behavior and development ofC. pruninymphs was compared on infected and non-infectedP. persicaandP. insititiaplants. Phytoplasma infection did not affect phloem consumption byC. pruninymphs nor their development time. In contrast, the study revealed significant differences betweenP. insititiaandP. persicain terms of both phloem chemistry and feeding behavior ofC. pruninymphs.Phloem feeding phases were four times longer onP. insititiathan onP. persica, resulting in a decreased development time and higher mortality of vector insects onP. persicaplants. These findings explain the low infestation rates of peach cultivars with plum psyllids commonly found in field surveys.

Published
2020

7. Incidence and distribution of ' Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum' and its vector Cacopsylla pruni in Spain: an approach to the epidemiology of the disease and the role of wild Prunus.

Author

Sabaté, J., Laviña, A., and Batlle, A.

Subjects
*PRUNUS, *CANDIDATUS diseases, *PHYTOPLASMA diseases, *CACOPSYLLA, *STONE fruit
Abstract

' Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum' is the causal agent of the European stone fruit yellows ( ESFY) disease. This phytoplasma affects wild and cultivated species of Prunus to different degrees, depending on their susceptibility. ' Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum' is present in the four regions of Spain surveyed in this study (Aragon, Catalonia, Extremadura and Valencia) with a variable incidence. Results showed that ' Ca. Phytoplasma prunorum' was detected in all of the cultivated Prunus species studied, except P. avium and P. dulcis, and was widespread in Spain. The most affected species was P. salicina, with symptoms including early bud break and blooming, leaf curling and yellowing, collapse, and a major decrease in production. In some plots in the Baix Llobregat area of Barcelona province (Catalonia), the incidence of ESFY on P. salicina was as high as 80%. The insect vector, Cacopsylla pruni, was present in all four of the regions studied, with the highest captures in yellow sticky traps in Catalonia on P. mahaleb and in Extremadura in peach orchards. In Baix Llobregat, large populations of C. pruni were present on infected P. mahaleb bushes, and with high infection rates. This was a key factor in the local pathogenic cycle that caused a major ESFY outbreak in the nearby P. salicina orchards. In the Ebro valley (Lleida and Aragon) and Valencia, the surveys showed very low incidences of the disease and low C. pruni populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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8. PHYTOPLASMAL DISEASES OF PEACH AND ASSOCIATED PHYTOPLASMA TAXA.

Author

Marcone, C., Guerra, L. J., and Uyemoto3, J. K.

Subjects
PHYTOPLASMA diseases, PEACH diseases & pests, CANDIDATUS diseases, LEAFROLLERS, RESTRICTION fragment length polymorphisms
Abstract

Phytoplasmal diseases occur wherever peach (Prunus persica) trees are grown. However, the causal agents differ considerably in taxonomy, insect vector relationships and geographic locations. X-disease of peach is widespread in North America, but does not occur elsewhere in the world. X-disease is induced by 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni', a member of the X-disease phytoplasma group (16SrIII group, subgroup 16SrIII-A). Peach rosette, peach red suture, and peach yellows, which occur in eastern United States and Canada are all caused by the X-disease phytoplasma. Another North America disease, peach yellow leaf roll (PYLR) is present in a limited area of northern California. Its causal agent is classified in the apple proliferation (AP) group, 16SrX group, as a subtype of the pear decline phytoplasma. In Europe, phytoplasmal diseases of peach are reported under the name European stone fruit yellows and incited by 'Ca. P. prunorum', a member of the AP group, subgroup 16SrX-B. 'Ca. P. prunorum' is closely related to the PYLR agent. In Lebanon and Iran, peach trees are affected by almond witches' broom, a lethal disease incited by 'Ca. P. phoenicium', a member of the 16SrIX group, subgroup 16SrIX-B. Phytoplasmas of other phylogenetic groups, known to infect a wide range of plant hosts, have been identified in declining peach trees in several fruit-growing areas of the world. The pathological relevance of several 'non-peach' phytoplasmas requires further investigations as their presence was ascertained by nested PCR assays only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014

9. Possible phytoplasma transovarial transmission in the psyllids Cacopsylla melanoneura and Cacopsylla pruni.

Author

Tedeschi, R., Ferrato, V., Rossi, J., and Alma, A.

Subjects
*APPLES, *PLANT diseases, *STONE fruit, *JUMPING plant-lice, *PLUM, *STONE fruit diseases & pests, *ETIOLOGY of diseases, *PLANT epidemiology, *PHYTOPATHOGENIC microorganisms
Abstract

The possible transovarial transmission of two phytoplasmas, ‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ and ‘ Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’, through their respective psyllid vectors Cacopsylla melanoneura and Cacopsylla pruni, was investigated. Different life stages of the progeny of infected female psyllids were analysed by PCR detection of phytoplasma DNA. While ‘ Ca. Phytoplasma mali’ could not be detected in any of the C. melanoneura life stages tested, ‘ Ca. Phytoplasma prunorum’ could be detected in eggs, nymphs and newly emerged adults of C. pruni. Infectivity tests using both nymphs and newly emerged adults of C. pruni showed that ‘ Ca. Phytoplasma prunorum’ inherited from infected females can be transmitted to healthy plum plants. Although further validations are required, these findings open up new perspectives on the study of the epidemiology of diseases associated with European stone fruit yellows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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10. Investigating Disease Spread between Two Assessment Dates with Permutation Tests on a Lattice.

Author

Thébaud, Gaëi, Peyrard, Nathalie, Dallot, Sylvie, Calonnec, Agnés, and Labonne, Gérard

Subjects
*BOTANY, *PLANT diseases, *PLANTS, *DISEASED plants, *PERMUTATIONS, *BIOLOGY
Abstract

Mapping and analyzing the disease status of individual plants within a study area at successive dates can give insight into the processes involved in the spread of a disease. We propose a permutation method to analyze such spatiotemporal maps of binary data (healthy or diseased plants) in regularly spaced plantings. It requires little prior information on the causes of disease spread and handles missing plants and censored data. A Monte Carlo test is used to assess whether the location of newly diseased plants is independent of the location of previously diseased plants. The test takes account of the significant spatial structures at each date in order to separate nonrandomness caused by the structure at one date from nonrandomness caused by the dependence between newly diseased plants and previously diseased plants. If there is a nonrandom structure at both dates, independent patterns are simulated by randomly shifting the entire pattern observed at the second date. Otherwise, independent patterns are simulated by randomly reallocating the positions of one group of diseased plants. Simulated and observed patterns of disease are then compared through distance-based statistics. The performance of the method and its robustness are evaluated by its ability to accurately identify simulated independent and dependent bivariate point patterns. Additionally, two real-world spatiotemporal maps with contrasting disease progress illustrate how the tests can provide valuable clues about the processes of disease spread. This method can supplement biological investigations and be used as an exploratory step before developing a specific mechanistic model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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11. Diseases and insect vectors

Author

Jarausch, Barbara, Weintraub, Phyllis G., Sauvion, Nicolas, Foissac, Xavier, AlPlanta-Institute for Plant research, Gilat research center, Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite (UMR BGPI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte

Subjects
bactérie phytopathogène, pear decline, fungi, grapevine yellows, European stone fruit yellows, phytopathogenic bacteria, insect vectors, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, mollicute phytopathogène, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, apple proliferation, phytoplasme, santé des plantes, phytoplasma, maladie à phytoplasme, insecte vecteur, plant health, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, pathologie végétale, [SDV.BV.PEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy
Abstract

BGPI : équipe 6; Diseases and insect vectors

Published
2014

12. Molecular tests to assign individuals within the Cacospylla pruni complex

Author

Gérard Labonne, Nicolas Sauvion, Jean Peccoud, Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite (UMR BGPI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Species complex, food.ingredient, Cacopsylla, Molecular Sequence Data, lcsh:Medicine, Biology, european stone fruit yellows, Polymerase Chain Reaction, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Hemiptera, food, Species Specificity, [SDV.SA.STA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer, Animals, cacopsylla pruni, Internal transcribed spacer, lcsh:Science, european stone fruit yellows phytoplasma, Phylogeny, DNA Primers, Genetics, cryptic species, Binding Sites, Vegetal Biology, Multidisciplinary, Base Sequence, Geography, lcsh:R, Amplicon, biology.organism_classification, Amplicon Size, 010602 entomology, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Psylla, Genetic Loci, Microsatellite, lcsh:Q, Triozidae, Biologie végétale, Research Article
Abstract

BGPI : équipe 6; International audience; Crop protection requires the accurate identification of disease vectors, a task that can be made difficult when these vectors encompass cryptic species. Here we developed a rapid molecular diagnostic test to identify individuals of Cacopsylla pruni (Scopoli, 1763) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), the main vector of the European stone fruit yellows phytoplasma. This psyllid encompasses two highly divergent genetic groups that are morphologically similar and that are characterized by genotyping several microsatellite markers, a costly and time-consuming protocol. With the aim of developing species-specific PCR primers, we sequenced the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) on a collection of C. pruni samples from France and other European countries. ITS2 sequences showed that the two genetic groups represent two highly divergent clades. This enabled us to develop specific primers for the assignment of individuals to either genetic group in a single PCR, based on ITS2 amplicon size. All previously assigned individuals yielded bands of expected sizes, and the PCR proved efficient on a larger sample of 799 individuals. Because none appeared heterozygous at the ITS2 locus (i.e., none produced two bands), we inferred that the genetic groups of C. pruni, whose distribution is partly sympatric, constitute biological species that have not exchanged genes for an extended period of time. Other psyllid species (Cacopsylla, Psylla, Triozidae and Aphalaridae) failed to yield any amplicon. These primers are therefore unlikely to produce false positives and allow rapid assignment of C. pruni individuals to either cryptic species.

Published
2013

13. Recovery phenomena in apricot trees cv. Bergeron infected by European Stone Fruit Yellows in the province of Trento (Italy)

Author

CARLO POGGI POLLINI, Franchini, S., Gobber, M., Lanzoni, C., CLAUDIO RATTI, C.Poggi Pollini, S.Franchini, M.Gobber, C.Lanzoni, and C.Ratti

Subjects
EUROPEAN STONE FRUIT YELLOWS, SPOT REAL TIME RT-PCR, APRICOT, RECOVERY
Abstract

Recovery phenomena, have been intensively studied for apple proliferation and grapevine yellows. Several recent findings in apricot orchards in Friuli-Venezia Giulia indicate the importance of this strategy also for the control of European Stone Fruit Yellows (ESFY) infections, caused by “Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum”. The aim of this work was to investigate the occurrence of recovery in 2 experimental orchards of apricot cv. Bergeron on “Wavit”, located in the province of Trento, where the disease has been constantly spreading since 2000. This included visual inspections for typical symptoms and a diagnostic method based on Spot Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR assay. The results obtained showed that three different groups of plants infected by ESFY were present: many plants with typical symptoms, some recovered and some symptomless infected plants. To date no interesting plant genotypes showing resistance to ESFY are available, moreover most of the insecticide applications have no efficacy in controlling the vector than the disease. Both use of pathogen-free propagation material and resort to natural recovery could be adopted as an integrated approach for the control of this phytoplasma disease. For those reasons the research will continue with the aim to quantify the concentration of the pathogen in the recovered plants.

Published
2012

14. Efficient transmission of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum' is delayed by eight months due to a long latency in its host-alternating vector

Author

Rémi Alary, Gérard Labonne, Nicolas Sauvion, Gaël Thébaud, Michel Yvon, Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite (UMR BGPI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Développement et amélioration des plantes (UMR DAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, dissémination, Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, POLYCYCLIC, PRIMARY INFECTION, Molecular Sequence Data, BLACKTHORN, Plant Science, Biology, european stone fruit yellows, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Hemiptera, Prunus, cycle biologique, law, phytoplasme, Quarantine, Botany, MONOCYCLIC, Animals, phytoplasma, épidémiologie végétale, psylle, Overwintering, PSYLLID, Plant Diseases, POLYETIC, PRUNUS SPINOSA, REAL-TIME PCR, RELATION VIRUS-VECTEUR, Base Sequence, Host (biology), biological cycle, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Phytopathologie et phytopharmacie, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, 010602 entomology, Horticulture, prunus, Transmission (mechanics), Prunus spinosa, Phytoplasma, Vector (epidemiology), Host-Pathogen Interactions, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

UMR BGPI Equipe 6 ; UMR DAP Equipe DGBPublication Inra prise en compte dans l'analyse bibliométrique des publications scientifiques mondiales sur les Fruits, les Légumes et la Pomme de terre. Période 2000-2012. http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/256699; Understanding at which spatiotemporal scale a disease causes significant secondary spread has both theoretical and practical implications. We investigated this issue in the case of European stone fruit yellows (ESFY), a quarantine vector-borne phytoplasma disease of Prunus trees. Our work was focused on the processes underlying disease spread: the interplay between the life cycles of the pathogen ('Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum') and of the vector (Cacopsylla pruni). We demonstrated experimentally that C. pruni has only one generation per year and we showed that, at least in southeastern France, C. pruni migrates between conifers in mountainous regions (where it overwinters) and Prunus spp. at lower altitude (where it breeds). In acquisition-inoculation experiments performed with C. pruni over its period of presence on Prunus spp., both immature and mature C. pruni were hardly infectious (0.6%) despite effective phytoplasma acquisition and multiplication. We demonstrated that most immature vectors born on infected plants reach their maximum phytoplasma load (107 genomes per insect) only after migrating to conifers and that, after a life-long retention of the phytoplasma, their transmission efficiency was very high (60%) at the end of winter (when they migrate back to their Prunus host). Thus, most transmissions occur only after an effective latency of 8 months, following vector migrations and overwintering on conifers in mountainous regions. From this transmission cycle, we can infer that local secondary spread of ESFY in apricot orchards is marginal, and recommend that disease management strategies take more into account the processes occurring at a regional scale, including the role of wild Prunus spp. in ESFY epidemics.

Published
2009

15. Imp and secY, two new markers for MLST (Multilocus Sequence Typing) in the 16SrX phytoplasma taxonomic group

Author

Danet, Jean-Luc, Bonnet, Patrick, Jarausch, Wolfgang, Carraro, Luis, LABONNE, Gérard, Foissac, Xavier, Génomique, développement et pouvoir pathogène (GD2P), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AlPlanta-Institute for Plant research, Università degli Studi di Udine - University of Udine [Italie], University of Zagreb, and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
Mollicutes, variability, fruit tree diseases, pear decline, apple proliferation, European stone fruit yellows, aceF, pnp, phylogenetic analyses, PRUNUS, BACTERIOLOGIE, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], CANDIDATUS PHYTOPLASMA MALI, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], MALADIE DES PLANTES, CANDIDATUS PHYTOPLASMA PYRI, MOLLICUTE, bacteria, PHYTOPLASME, CANDIDATUS PHYTOPLASMA PRUNORUM, TYPAGE MOLECULAIRE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

To investigate the genetic variability of fruit tree phytoplasmas belonging to the 16SrX phylogenetic group, we used a Multilocus Sequence Typing strategy (MLST). Sequences of four non-ribosomal genetic loci (aceF, pnp, imp and secY) were determined among a collection of Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum, Ca. P. mali and Ca. P. pyri isolates. Sequences alignment and phy-logenetic analyses confirmed the classification based on rDNA16S phylogeny. The four genetic loci displayed specific signatures clearly correlated with the recent definition of the corresponding Candidatus species. However, a total congruence was not ob-served inside species, between phylogenetic trees constructed with the different loci. A divergent Ca. P. prunorum variant from Azerbaijan, recently characterized through aceF sequencing, again presented a divergent imp gene. The previously characterized Ca. P. prunorum hypovirulent strains had the same aceF sequence but were discriminated with the imp marker. Ca.P. pyri strains detected in Lebanese Pear Decline isolates also form a distinct cluster according to aceF and imp markers. Imp and secY phyloge-netic analyses pointed out a new Ca. P. prunorum cluster comprising strains never detected in psyllid vectors (non circulative strains ?). On the opposite, the circulative Ca.P. prunorum strains were distributed among all phylogenetic group identified. For Ca. P.mali, discrimination of apple proliferation isolates was in agreement with previous studies.

Published
2007

16. Integrative study of the spread of a vector-borne re-emerging disease

Author

Thébaud, Gael, Chadoeuf, Joël, Labonne, Gérard, Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite (UMR BGPI), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BioSP), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
répartition spatiotemporelle, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], CACOPSYLLA PRUNI, analyse statistique, maladie émergente, MALADIE A PHYTOPLASME, prunus armeniaca, HEMIPTERA, EUROPEAN STONE FRUIT YELLOWS, modèle mathématique, cycle biologique, pcr, phytoplasme, modèle statistique, vecteur de maladie, abricotier, ESFY, insecte vecteur, épidémiologie végétale, [MATH]Mathematics [math], [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, prévention des risques, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, arbre fruitier
Abstract

National audience

Published
2006

17. Identifying risk factors for European stone fruit yellows from a survey

Author

Gaël Thébaud, Joël Chadœuf, Arnaud Dufils, Gérard Labonne, Nicolas Sauvion, Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite (UMR BGPI), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BIOSP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), La Pugère, Station Experimentale, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BioSP), Station expérimentale La Pugère, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Prunus salicina, Multivariate statistics, OVER-DISPERSION, Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, prunier japonais, PRUNUS SALICINA, fruit tree, Plant Science, Logistic regression, 01 natural sciences, EUROPEAN STONE FRUIT YELLOWS, modelling, 03 medical and health sciences, Overdispersion, phytoplasme, MONTE CARLO, Botany, Statistics, GENERALIZED LINEAR MODEL, abricotier, phytoplasma, épidémiologie végétale, ESFY, CANDIDATUS PHYTOPLASMA PRUNORUM, CACOPSYLLA PRUNI, pathologie végétale, 030304 developmental biology, arbre fruitier, modélisation, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, biology, prunus armeniaca, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, apricot tree, Phytopathologie et phytopharmacie, Prunus armeniaca, verger, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, orchard, Orchard, Rootstock, Agronomy and Crop Science, Fruit tree, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Publication Inra prise en compte dans l'analyse bibliométrique des publications scientifiques mondiales sur les Fruits, les Légumes et la Pomme de terre. Période 2000-2012. http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/256699; European stone fruit yellows (ESFY) is becoming a major economic problem for Prunus growers in Europe. The causal agent ("Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum") and its vector (Cacopsylla pruni) have been identified, but the present knowledge of the risk factors for this disease relies, at best, on specific experiments. To assess the relative significance of several factors correlated with ESFY incidence in the field, an exhaustive survey was performed on apricot and Japanese plum orchards in the Crau plain (France). After a preliminary multivariate exploration of the data, we used a logistic regression model to analyze and predict the cumulative number of diseased trees on the basis of a set of quantitative (age, planting density, and area of the orchard) and categorical variables (species, cultivar, and rootstock). Because of the nature of the data, we used an overdispersed binomial model and we developed a parametric bootstrap procedure based on the beta-binomial distribution to obtain confidence intervals. Our results indicated that the age, species, and cultivar of the scion were the major factors explaining the observed number of diseased trees. The planting density and the rootstocks used in the zone under study were less significant, and the area of the orchard had no effect. The residuals of the model showed that some explanatory variables had not been taken into account, because part of the remaining variability could be explained by a grower effect. The spatial distribution of the residuals suggested that one of the reasons for this grower effect was the correlation between orchards closer than 100 m, possibly caused by the flight behavior of infectious vectors.

Published
2006

18. Identification of phytoplasmas associated with grapevine yellows in serbia

Author

Duduk, Bojan and Duduk, Bojan

Abstract

The molecular identification and characterization of phytoplasmas from infected grapevines in four locations in Serbia are reported. Phytoplasmas were detected and identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified 16S rDNA. Grapevine yellows were associated with three molecularly distinguishable phytoplasmas: Flavescence doree phytoplasmas (elm yellows group: 16SrV-C subgroup) were present only in the Zupa Aleksandrovac region; Bois noir phytoplasmas (stolbur group: 16SrXII-A subgroup) were detected in the other surveyed regions; a mixed infection of European stone fruit yellows (apple proliferation group: 16SrX-B subgroup) and Bois noir phytoplasmas was identified in one sample. A finer molecular characterization by RFLP analysis of rpS3 and SecY genes of Flavescence doree phytoplasmas from Zupa Aleksandrovac confirmed that the Serbian genotype is indistinguishable from a strain from the Veneto region, Italy. Characterization of the tuf gene of Bois noir phytoplasmas showed lack of amplification of samples from Erdevik. HpaII profiles of tuf gene PCR products of samples from Pali and Radmilovac were identical, and were indistinguishable from one of the two profiles produced by samples from Italian grapevines used as reference strains.

Published
2004

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