60 results on '"Elaine M. Smith"'
Search Results
2. Predictors of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Among Women Attending Rural Midwest Family Planning Clinics
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Tami M. Hilger, Elaine M. Smith, and Kevin Ault
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Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Objective: To determine predictors of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among women 14–24 years of age attending family planning clinics throughout a rural Midwestern state.
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- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Evidence for Vertical Transmission of HPV from Mothers to Infants
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Elaine M. Smith, Michael A. Parker, Linda M. Rubenstein, Thomas H. Haugen, Eva Hamsikova, and Lubomir P. Turek
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Gynecology and obstetrics ,RG1-991 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Few large studies have evaluated concordance based on a broad spectrum of human papillomavirus (HPV) types in oral and genital specimens of mothers and their recently born infants. This information is important in determining whether HPV vaccines administered prior to pregnancy may be useful for preventing vertical transmission. HPV DNA was positive in 30% of mothers and 1.5% of newborns. Maternal/newborn concordance (HPV+/+ or HPV−/−) was 71%. Among HPV DNA+ mothers, only 3% of their infants were DNA+ and only 1 pair had the same HPV type. Among HPV− women, 0.8% of infants were HPV+. HPV DNA detected in hospitalized newborns reflects current infection transmitted to infants during pregnancy or delivery. None of the mother/baby HPV DNA+ concordance pairs detected viral types found in HPV vaccines suggesting that vaccination prior to pregnancy is unlikely to be efficacious in preventing vertical transmission.
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- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Supplementary Methods, Figures 1-6 from Fundamental Differences in Cell Cycle Deregulation in Human Papillomavirus–Positive and Human Papillomavirus–Negative Head/Neck and Cervical Cancers
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Paul Ahlquist, Lubomir P. Turek, Karl T. Kelsey, Elaine M. Smith, Thomas H. Haugen, Joseph P. Connor, Craig D. Woodworth, Carmen J. Marsit, Srikumar Sengupta, Johan A. den Boon, Paul F. Lambert, Michael A. Newton, and Dohun Pyeon
- Abstract
Supplementary Methods, Figures 1-6 from Fundamental Differences in Cell Cycle Deregulation in Human Papillomavirus–Positive and Human Papillomavirus–Negative Head/Neck and Cervical Cancers
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- 2023
5. Data from Fundamental Differences in Cell Cycle Deregulation in Human Papillomavirus–Positive and Human Papillomavirus–Negative Head/Neck and Cervical Cancers
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Paul Ahlquist, Lubomir P. Turek, Karl T. Kelsey, Elaine M. Smith, Thomas H. Haugen, Joseph P. Connor, Craig D. Woodworth, Carmen J. Marsit, Srikumar Sengupta, Johan A. den Boon, Paul F. Lambert, Michael A. Newton, and Dohun Pyeon
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Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are associated with nearly all cervical cancers, 20% to 30% of head and neck cancers (HNC), and other cancers. Because HNCs also arise in HPV-negative patients, this type of cancer provides unique opportunities to define similarities and differences of HPV-positive versus HPV-negative cancers arising in the same tissue. Here, we describe genome-wide expression profiling of 84 HNCs, cervical cancers, and site-matched normal epithelial samples in which we used laser capture microdissection to enrich samples for tumor-derived versus normal epithelial cells. This analysis revealed that HPV+ HNCs and cervical cancers differed in their patterns of gene expression yet shared many changes compared with HPV− HNCs. Some of these shared changes were predicted, but many others were not. Notably, HPV+ HNCs and cervical cancers were found to be up-regulated in their expression of a distinct and larger subset of cell cycle genes than that observed in HPV− HNC. Moreover, HPV+ cancers overexpressed testis-specific genes that are normally expressed only in meiotic cells. Many, although not all, of the hallmark differences between HPV+ HNC and HPV− HNC were a direct consequence of HPV and in particular the viral E6 and E7 oncogenes. This included a novel association of HPV oncogenes with testis-specific gene expression. These findings in primary human tumors provide novel biomarkers for early detection of HPV+ and HPV− cancers, and emphasize the potential value of targeting E6 and E7 function, alone or combined with radiation and/or traditional chemotherapy, in the treatment of HPV+ cancers. [Cancer Res 2007;67(10):4605–19]
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- 2023
6. The imaginary friends of my friends: Imagined contact interventions which highlight supportive social norms reduce children’s antirefugee bias
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Elaine M. Smith and Anca Minescu
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Cultural Studies ,Sociology and Political Science ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Social Psychology ,Communication ,Refugee ,Psychological intervention ,School intervention ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Prejudice (legal term) ,The Imaginary - Abstract
Fostering inclusive attitudes among children in host classrooms is key to integrating refugee children. A field experiment tests the prejudice reduction effects of a teacher-led activity integrating imagined intergroup contact and normative influence. To enhance the effectiveness of imagined contact, scenarios include supportive ingroup norms. In 29 classes, 545 children ( Mage = 10.88, SD = 0.96) were randomly assigned to one of five conditions: standard imagined contact, imagined contact encouraged by family, class peers, or religious ingroups, or a control. Children in all norm-framed imagined contact conditions had significantly less antirefugee bias compared with the control. The class-peer norm frame significantly reduced affective and cognitive facets of bias. The family norm frame reduced affective bias, and the religious norm frame reduced cognitive bias. Standard imagined contact did not differ from the control. Potential mediating pathways are explored. These findings illustrate the utility of incorporating norms into imagined contact interventions to reduce antirefugee bias among schoolchildren.
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- 2021
7. Understanding Change in Social‐Movement Participation: The Roles of Social Norms and Group Efficacy
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Cristián Frigolett, Elaine M. Smith, and Roberto González
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Philosophy ,Clinical Psychology ,Sociology and Political Science ,Social Psychology ,Group efficacy ,Political Science and International Relations ,Social change ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Psychology ,Collective action ,Social psychology ,Social movement - Published
- 2021
8. A test of the maintenance of the effects of imagined contact framed with supportive social norms as a teacher-led field intervention
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Elaine M. Smith and Anca Minescu
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Schools ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Social Norms ,Educational Personnel ,Humans ,Child ,Prejudice ,Education - Abstract
As the arrival of refugees and asylum seekers continues to increase, schools continue to become a vital center for children to develop positive intergroup attitudes. Teacher-led activities can become useful tools in sustainable prejudice reduction. A field intervention incorporated normative in-group influence with imagined intergroup contact to reduce children's anti-refugee bias. Ten primary school classes (N = 269, M
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- 2021
9. Risk Prediction Models for Head and Neck Cancer in the US Population From the INHANCE Consortium
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Thomas L. Vaughan, Stimson P. Schantz, Neil D. Gross, Yuan Chin Amy Lee, Philip Lazarus, Joshua E. Muscat, Michael D. McClean, Paolo Boffetta, Jose P. Zevallos, Jaewhan Kim, Guo Pei Yu, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Mia Hashibe, Andrew F. Olshan, Chu Chen, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Mohammed H. Al-Temimi, Stephen M. Schwartz, Maura L. Gillison, Elaine M. Smith, Marcus M. Monroe, Karl T. Kelsey, Erich M. Sturgis, Jian Ying, Deborah M. Winn, Guojun Li, and Hal Morgenstern
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Male ,Practice of Epidemiology ,oropharyngeal cancer ,Epidemiology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,absolute risk ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Mathematical Sciences ,risk prediction ,Substance Misuse ,0302 clinical medicine ,Theoretical ,Models ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Family history ,Cancer ,education.field_of_study ,Absolute risk reduction ,Hypopharyngeal cancer ,Middle Aged ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,laryngeal cancer ,Female ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Risk Assessment ,03 medical and health sciences ,Rare Diseases ,Tobacco ,medicine ,Humans ,Risk factor ,Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease ,education ,Aged ,Tobacco Smoke and Health ,business.industry ,Prevention ,Head and neck cancer ,oral cavity cancer ,Models, Theoretical ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Good Health and Well Being ,Case-Control Studies ,Smoking cessation ,head and neck cancer ,business ,hypopharyngeal cancer ,Demography - Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) risk prediction models based on risk factor profiles have not yet been developed. We took advantage of the large database of the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) Consortium, including 14 US studies from 1981–2010, to develop HNC risk prediction models. Seventy percent of the data were used to develop the risk prediction models; the remaining 30% were used to validate the models. We used competing-risk models to calculate absolute risks. The predictors included age, sex, education, race/ethnicity, alcohol drinking intensity, cigarette smoking duration and intensity, and/or family history of HNC. The 20-year absolute risk of HNC was 7.61% for a 60-year-old woman who smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day for over 20 years, consumed 3 or more alcoholic drinks per day, was a high school graduate, had a family history of HNC, and was non-Hispanic white. The 20-year risk for men with a similar profile was 6.85%. The absolute risks of oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers were generally lower than those of oral cavity and laryngeal cancers. Statistics for the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were 0.70 or higher, except for oropharyngeal cancer in men. This HNC risk prediction model may be useful in promoting healthier behaviors such as smoking cessation or in aiding persons with a family history of HNC to evaluate their risks.
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- 2020
10. Alcohol drinking and head and neck cancer risk: the joint effect of intensity and duration
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Hal Morgenstern, Tongzhang Zheng, Chu Chen, Silvia Franceschi, Ivana Holcatova, Alexander W. Daudt, Fabio Levi, Diego Serraino, Danièle Luce, Marta Vilensky, Paul Brennan, Mark P. Purdue, Joshua E. Muscat, Lorenzo Richiardi, Shu Chun Chuang, Nicola Torelli, Erich M. Sturgis, Valeria Edefonti, Simone Benhamou, Carlo La Vecchia, Leticia Fernandez, Ariana Znaor, Werner Garavello, Raquel Ajub Moyses, Pagona Lagiou, Rosalina Jorge Koifman, Guojun Li, Elaine M. Smith, Philip Lazarus, Gary J. Macfarlane, Maura L. Gillison, David I. Conway, Keitaro Matsuo, Paolo Boffetta, Jose P. Zevallos, Luigino Dal Maso, Karl T. Kelsey, Ana M. B. Menezes, Maria Paula Curado, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Francesco Pauli, Victor Wünsch-Filho, Stephen M. Schwartz, Kristina Kjærheim, Antonio Agudo, Rolando Herrero, Guo Pei Yu, Cristina Canova, Mia Hashibe, Loredana Radoï, Wolfgang Ahrens, Michael D. McClean, Gioia Di Credico, Andrew F. Olshan, Jerry Polesel, Claire M. Healy, Thomas L. Vaughan, Amy Lee Yuan-Chin, Eva Negri, Peter Thomson, Tatiana Natasha Toporcov, Stimson P. Schantz, Richard B. Hayes, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Mode de vie, génétique et santé : études intégratives et transgénérationnelles (U1018 (Équipe 9)), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institute of Genetic Medicine [Newcastle], Newcastle University [Newcastle], Charles University [Prague] (CU), Bremen Institute for Prevention Research and Social Medicine (BIPS), Division of Epidemiological Methods and Etiologic Research, University of Bremen, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Imperial College London, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College [Dublin, Ireland], Cancer Registry of Norway, University of Glasgow, University of Aberdeen, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge [Barcelone] (IDIBELL), Di Credico, G., Polesel, J., Dal Maso, L., Pauli, F., Torelli, N., Luce, D., Radoi, L., Matsuo, K., Serraino, D., Brennan, P., Holcatova, I., Ahrens, W., Lagiou, P., Canova, C., Richiardi, L., Healy, C. M., Kjaerheim, K., Conway, D. I., Macfarlane, G. J., Thomson, P., Agudo, A., Znaor, A., Franceschi, S., Herrero, R., Toporcov, T. N., Moyses, R. A., Muscat, J., Negri, E., Vilensky, M., Fernandez, L., Curado, M. P., Menezes, A., Daudt, A. W., Koifman, R., Wunsch-Filho, V., Olshan, A. F., Zevallos, J. P., Sturgis, E. M., Li, G., Levi, F., Zhang, Z. -F., Morgenstern, H., Smith, E., Lazarus, P., La Vecchia, C., Garavello, W., Chen, C., Schwartz, S. M., Zheng, T., Vaughan, T. L., Kelsey, K., Mcclean, M., Benhamou, S., Hayes, R. B., Purdue, M. P., Gillison, M., Schantz, S., Yu, G. -P., Chuang, S. -C., Boffetta, P., Hashibe, M., Yuan-Chin, A. L., Edefonti, V., Di Credico, G, Polesel, J, Dal Maso, L, Pauli, F, Torelli, N, Luce, D, Radoi, L, Matsuo, K, Serraino, D, Brennan, P, Holcatova, I, Ahrens, W, Lagiou, P, Canova, C, Richiardi, L, Healy, C, Kjaerheim, K, Conway, D, Macfarlane, G, Thomson, P, Agudo, A, Znaor, A, Franceschi, S, Herrero, R, Toporcov, T, Moyses, R, Muscat, J, Negri, E, Vilensky, M, Fernandez, L, Curado, M, Menezes, A, Daudt, A, Koifman, R, Wunsch-Filho, V, Olshan, A, Zevallos, J, Sturgis, E, Li, G, Levi, F, Zhang, Z, Morgenstern, H, Smith, E, Lazarus, P, La Vecchia, C, Garavello, W, Chen, C, Schwartz, S, Zheng, T, Vaughan, T, Kelsey, K, Mcclean, M, Benhamou, S, Hayes, R, Purdue, M, Gillison, M, Schantz, S, Yu, G, Chuang, S, Boffetta, P, Hashibe, M, Yuan-Chin, A, and Edefonti, V
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Male ,Cancer Research ,Bivariate spline model ,Time Factors ,Diseases ,Alcohol use disorder ,Severity of Illness Index ,Alcohol Use and Health ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Laryngeal cancer ,80 and over ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,Young adult ,Head and neck cancer ,Cancer ,Aged, 80 and over ,Mouth neoplasm ,Oropharyngeal cancer ,Head and Neck Neoplasm ,Smoking ,Confounding ,Substance Abuse ,Middle Aged ,Oropharyngeal Neoplasms ,Alcoholism ,Oncology ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Public Health and Health Services ,Mouth Neoplasms ,Female ,Case-Control Studie ,Hypopharyngeal cancer ,Human ,Oropharyngeal Neoplasm ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factor ,Alcohol Drinking ,Adolescent ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Oral cavity cancer ,Article ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Rare Diseases ,Alcohol intensity ,Internal medicine ,Tobacco ,medicine ,Humans ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis ,Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease ,Risk factor ,Bivariate spline models ,Alcohol duration ,Laryngeal Neoplasms ,Aged ,Laryngeal Neoplasm ,Tobacco Smoke and Health ,business.industry ,Risk Factor ,Prevention ,Case-control study ,medicine.disease ,Mouth Neoplasm ,Risk factors ,Case-Control Studies ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Digestive Diseases ,business - Abstract
Background Alcohol is a well-established risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC). This study aims to explore the effect of alcohol intensity and duration, as joint continuous exposures, on HNC risk. Methods Data from 26 case-control studies in the INHANCE Consortium were used, including never and current drinkers who drunk ≤10 drinks/day for ≤54 years (24234 controls, 4085 oral cavity, 3359 oropharyngeal, 983 hypopharyngeal and 3340 laryngeal cancers). The dose-response relationship between the risk and the joint exposure to drinking intensity and duration was investigated through bivariate regression spline models, adjusting for potential confounders, including tobacco smoking. Results For all subsites, cancer risk steeply increased with increasing drinks/day, with no appreciable threshold effect at lower intensities. For each intensity level, the risk of oral cavity, hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers did not vary according to years of drinking, suggesting no effect of duration. For oropharyngeal cancer, the risk increased with durations up to 28 years, flattening thereafter. The risk peaked at the higher levels of intensity and duration for all subsites (odds ratio = 7.95 for oral cavity, 12.86 for oropharynx, 24.96 for hypopharynx and 6.60 for larynx). Conclusions Present results further encourage the reduction of alcohol intensity to mitigate HNC risk.
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- 2020
11. Joint effects of intensity and duration of cigarette smoking on the risk of head and neck cancer: A bivariate spline model approach
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Philip Lazarus, Claire M. Healy, Richard B. Hayes, Rolando Herrero, Elaine M. Smith, Stefania Boccia, Leonardo F. Boaventura Rios, Paolo Boffetta, Dana Mates, Jerry Polesel, Marta Vilensky, Jose P. Zevallos, Diego Serraino, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Joshua E. Muscat, Kirsten B. Moysich, Yuan Chin Amy Lee, Mark P. Purdue, Carlo La Vecchia, Heribert Ramroth, Thomas L. Vaughan, Peter Thomson, Karl T. Kelsey, Nicola Torelli, Wolfgang Ahrens, Hermann Brenner, Lorenzo Richiardi, Victor Wünsch-Filho, Kristina Kjærheim, Beata Swiatkowska, Keitaro Matsuo, Fabio Levi, Erich M. Sturgis, Eva Negri, Lorenzo Simonato, Danièle Luce, Guo Pei Yu, Chu Chen, Pagona Lagiou, Silvia Franceschi, Andrew F. Olshan, Alexander W. Daudt, Antonio Agudo, Maria Paula Curado, Peter Rudnai, Tatiana V. Macfarlane, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Mia Hashibe, Paul Brennan, Tatiana Natasha Toporcov, Stimson P. Schantz, Maura L. Gillison, Isabelle Stücker, Tongzhang Zheng, Shu Chun Chuang, Oxana Shangina, Eleonora Fabianova, Hal Morgenstern, David I. Conway, Valeria Edefonti, Cristina Bosetti, Ariana Znaor, Leticia Fernandez, Michael D. McClean, Luigino Dal Maso, Neil D. Gross, Stephen M. Schwartz, Ivana Holcatova, Guojun Li, Ana M. B. Menezes, Francesco Pauli, Gioia Di Credico, Deborah M. Winn, Rosalina Jorge Koifman, Gwenn Menvielle, Gabriella Cadoni, Werner Garavello, Jolanda Lissowska, Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre International de Recherche contre le Cancer - International Agency for Research on Cancer (CIRC - IARC), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), University of Glasgow, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), TW001500, National Institutes of Health, P30ES010126, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Italian Ministry of Education, Università degli Studi di Milano, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, International Union Against Cancer, Fondo para la Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica Argentina, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mediquès (IMIM), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa no Estado de São Paulo, Spanish Government, European Community, Ministry of Science, Research and Arts Baden-Wurttemberg, German Ministry of Education and Research, Scientific Research grant from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, Culture and Technology of Japan, Labor and Welfare of Japan, Italian Foundation for Cancer Research, Di Credico G., Edefonti V., Polesel J., Pauli F., Torelli N., Serraino D., Negri E., Luce D., Stucker I., Matsuo K., Brennan P., Vilensky M., Fernandez L., Curado M.P., Menezes A., Daudt A.W., Koifman R., Wunsch-Filho V., Holcatova I., Ahrens W., Lagiou P., Simonato L., Richiardi L., Healy C., Kjaerheim K., Conway D.I., Macfarlane T.V., Thomson P., Agudo A., Znaor A., Boaventura Rios L.F., Toporcov T.N., Franceschi S., Herrero R., Muscat J., Olshan A.F., Zevallos J.P., La Vecchia C., Winn D.M., Sturgis E.M., Li G., Fabianova E., Lissowska J., Mates D., Rudnai P., Shangina O., Swiatkowska B., Moysich K., Zhang Z.-F., Morgenstern H., Levi F., Smith E., Lazarus P., Bosetti C., Garavello W., Kelsey K., McClean M., Ramroth H., Chen C., Schwartz S.M., Vaughan T.L., Zheng T., Menvielle G., Boccia S., Cadoni G., Hayes R.B., Purdue M., Gillison M., Schantz S., Yu G.-P., Brenner H., D'Souza G., Gross N.D., Chuang S.-C., Boffetta P., Hashibe M., Lee Y.-C.A., Dal Maso L., Di Credico, G, Edefonti, V, Polesel, J, Pauli, F, Torelli, N, Serraino, D, Negri, E, Luce, D, Stucker, I, Matsuo, K, Brennan, P, Vilensky, M, Fernandez, L, Curado, M, Menezes, A, Daudt, A, Koifman, R, Wunsch-Filho, V, Holcatova, I, Ahrens, W, Lagiou, P, Simonato, L, Richiardi, L, Healy, C, Kjaerheim, K, Conway, D, Macfarlane, T, Thomson, P, Agudo, A, Znaor, A, Boaventura Rios, L, Toporcov, T, Franceschi, S, Herrero, R, Muscat, J, Olshan, A, Zevallos, J, La Vecchia, C, Winn, D, Sturgis, E, Li, G, Fabianova, E, Lissowska, J, Mates, D, Rudnai, P, Shangina, O, Swiatkowska, B, Moysich, K, Zhang, Z, Morgenstern, H, Levi, F, Smith, E, Lazarus, P, Bosetti, C, Garavello, W, Kelsey, K, Mcclean, M, Ramroth, H, Chen, C, Schwartz, S, Vaughan, T, Zheng, T, Menvielle, G, Boccia, S, Cadoni, G, Hayes, R, Purdue, M, Gillison, M, Schantz, S, Yu, G, Brenner, H, D'Souza, G, Gross, N, Chuang, S, Boffetta, P, Hashibe, M, Lee, Y, Dal Maso, L, Di Credico, Gioia, Edefonti, Valeria, Polesel, Jerry, Pauli, Francesco, Torelli, Nicola, Serraino, Diego, Negri, Eva, Luce, Daniele, Stucker, Isabelle, Matsuo, Keitaro, Brennan, Paul, Vilensky, Marta, Fernandez, Leticia, Curado, Maria Paula, Menezes, Ana, Daudt, Alexander W., Koifman, Rosalina, Wunsch-Filho, Victor, Holcatova, Ivana, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Lagiou, Pagona, Simonato, Lorenzo, Richiardi, Lorenzo, Healy, Claire, Kjaerheim, Kristina, Conway, David I., Macfarlane, Tatiana V., Thomson, Peter, Agudo, Antonio, Znaor, Ariana, Boaventura Rios, Leonardo F., Toporcov, Tatiana N., Franceschi, Silvia, Herrero, Rolando, Muscat, Joshua, Olshan, Andrew F., Zevallos, Jose P., La Vecchia, Carlo, Winn, Deborah M., Sturgis, Erich M., Li, Guojun, Fabianova, Eleonora, Lissowska, Jolanda, Mates, Dana, Rudnai, Peter, Shangina, Oxana, Swiatkowska, Beata, Moysich, Kirsten, Zhang, Zuo-Feng, Morgenstern, Hal, Levi, Fabio, Smith, Elaine, Lazarus, Philip, Bosetti, Cristina, Garavello, Werner, Kelsey, Karl, Mcclean, Michael, Ramroth, Heribert, Chen, Chu, Schwartz, Stephen M., Vaughan, Thomas L., Zheng, Tongzhang, Menvielle, Gwenn, Boccia, Stefania, Cadoni, Gabriella, Hayes, Richard B., Purdue, Mark, Gillison, Maura, Schantz, Stimson, Yu, Guo-Pei, Brenner, Hermann, D'Souza, Gypsyamber, Gross, Neil D., Chuang, Shu-Chun, Boffetta, Paolo, Hashibe, Mia, Lee, Yuan-Chin Amy, Dal Maso, Luigino, Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
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Male ,Oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers ,Cancer Research ,Bivariate spline model ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Logistic regression ,Substance Misuse ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Laryngeal cancer ,80 and over ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,Aetiology ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,Head and neck cancer ,Cancer ,Aged, 80 and over ,Confounding ,Middle Aged ,3. Good health ,Oncology ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Bivariate spline models ,Cigarette smoking duration ,Cigarette smoking intensity ,Public Health and Health Services ,Female ,Oral Surgery ,Adult ,INHANCE ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,[SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer ,Bivariate analysis ,Cigarette Smoking ,03 medical and health sciences ,Rare Diseases ,Clinical Research ,Tobacco ,medicine ,Humans ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis ,Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease ,Aged ,Settore MED/06 - ONCOLOGIA MEDICA ,Tobacco Smoke and Health ,business.industry ,Prevention ,Case-control study ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Former Smoker ,Good Health and Well Being ,Case-Control Studies ,Dentistry ,Smoking cessation ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Objectives: \ud This study aimed at re-evaluating the strength and shape of the dose-response relationship between the combined (or joint) effect of intensity and duration of cigarette smoking and the risk of head and neck cancer (HNC). We explored this issue considering bivariate spline models, where smoking intensity and duration were treated as interacting continuous exposures.\ud \ud Materials and Methods: \ud We pooled individual-level data from 33 case-control studies (18,260 HNC cases and 29,844 controls) participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium. In bivariate regression spline models, exposures to cigarette smoking intensity and duration (compared with never smokers) were modeled as a linear piecewise function within a logistic regression also including potential confounders. We jointly estimated the optimal knot locations and regression parameters within the Bayesian framework.\ud \ud Results: \ud For oral-cavity/pharyngeal (OCP) cancers, an odds ratio (OR) >5 was reached after 30 years in current smokers of ∼20 or more cigarettes/day. Patterns of OCP cancer risk in current smokers differed across strata of alcohol intensity. For laryngeal cancer, ORs >20 were found for current smokers of ≥20 cigarettes/day for ≥30 years. In former smokers who quit ≥10 years ago, the ORs were approximately halved for OCP cancers, and ∼1/3 for laryngeal cancer, as compared to the same levels of intensity and duration in current smokers.\ud \ud Conclusion: \ud Referring to bivariate spline models, this study better quantified the joint effect of intensity and duration of cigarette smoking on HNC risk, further stressing the need of smoking cessation policies.
- Published
- 2019
12. Racial differences in the relationship between tobacco, alcohol, and the risk of head and neck cancer: pooled analysis of US studies in the INHANCE Consortium
- Author
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Chu Chen, Deborah M. Winn, Guojun Li, Karl T. Kelsey, Erich M. Sturgis, Andrew F. Olshan, Maura L. Gillison, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Michael D. McClean, Elaine M. Smith, Philip Lazarus, Joshua E. Muscat, Stephen M. Schwartz, Hal Morgenstern, Paolo Boffetta, Jose P. Zevallos, Guo Pei Yu, Mia Hashibe, Yuan Chin Amy Lee, Stimson P. Schantz, Kristin J. Voltzke, Thomas L. Vaughan, and Voltzke, K.J. and Lee, Y.-C.A. and Zhang, Z.-F. and Zevallos, J.P. and Yu, G.-P. and Winn, D.M. and Vaughan, T.L. and Sturgis, E.M. and Smith, E. and Schwartz, S.M. and Schantz, S. and Muscat, J. and Morgenstern, H. and McClean, M. and Li, G. and Lazarus, P. and Kelsey, K. and Gillison, M. and Chen, C. and Boffetta, P. and Hashibe, M. and Olshan, A.F.
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Cancer Research ,cancer incidence ,Epidemiology ,pharynx cancer ,cigarette smoking ,race difference ,cancer risk ,Logistic regression ,Tobacco Use ,Substance Misuse ,Alcohol Use and Health ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cigarette smoking ,Risk Factors ,030212 general & internal medicine ,African American ,Head and neck cancer ,Cancer ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,adult ,hypopharynx cancer ,Alcoholism ,aged ,female ,Oncology ,priority journal ,risk factor ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Public Health and Health Services ,Alcohol ,United State ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Alcohol Drinking ,alcohol consumption ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,tobacco use ,Caucasian ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Black person ,Rare Diseases ,male ,Clinical Research ,Tobacco ,medicine ,Humans ,controlled study ,human ,Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease ,Tobacco Smoke and Health ,alcohol, adolescent ,business.industry ,Prevention ,Public health ,Racial Groups ,larynx cancer ,Odds ratio ,case control study ,medicine.disease ,mouth cancer ,oropharynx cancer ,major clinical study ,Confidence interval ,United States ,Good Health and Well Being ,Case-Control Studies ,Racial difference ,Racial differences ,business ,Demography - Abstract
There have been few published studies on differences between Blacks and Whites in the estimated effects of alcohol and tobacco use on the incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC) in the United States. Previous studies have been limited by small numbers of Blacks. Using pooled data from 13 US case–control studies of oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal cancers in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium, this study comprised a large number of Black HNC cases (n = 975). Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for several tobacco and alcohol consumption characteristics. Blacks were found to have consistently stronger associations than Whites for the majority of tobacco consumption variables. For example, compared to never smokers, Blacks who smoked cigarettes for > 30 years had an OR 4.53 (95% CI 3.22–6.39), which was larger than that observed in Whites (OR 3.01, 95% CI 2.73–3.33; pinteraction < 0.0001). The ORs for alcohol use were also larger among Blacks compared to Whites. Exclusion of oropharyngeal cases attenuated the racial differences in tobacco use associations but not alcohol use associations. These findings suggest modest racial differences exist in the association of HNC risk with tobacco and alcohol consumption. © 2018, Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature.
- Published
- 2018
13. Hormone factors play a favorable role in female head and neck cancer risk
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Diego Serraino, Gabriella Cadoni, Luigino Dal Maso, Fabio Levi, Hung N. Luu, Elaine M. Smith, Dana Hashim, Stefania Boccia, Mia Hashibe, Carlo La Vecchia, Samantha Sartori, Yuan Chin Amy Lee, Paolo Boffetta, Eva Negri, Hashim, D., Sartori, S., la Vecchia, C., Serraino, D., Maso, L.D., Negri, E., Smith, E., Levi, F., Boccia, S., Cadoni, G., Luu, H.N., Lee, Y.-C.A., Hashibe, M., and Boffetta, P.
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Alcohol Drinking ,Case-Control Studies ,Female ,Head and Neck Neoplasms/epidemiology ,Head and Neck Neoplasms/etiology ,Hormone Replacement Therapy/adverse effects ,Hormones/adverse effects ,Hormones/metabolism ,Humans ,Menopause ,Menstrual Cycle ,Middle Aged ,Odds Ratio ,Reproductive History ,Risk ,Smoking ,Head and neck neoplasms ,hormone replacement therapy ,mouth neoplasms ,reproductive history ,women ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hormone Replacement Therapy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,hormone ,Lower risk ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Menstrual cycle ,media_common ,Original Research ,Gynecology ,Mouth neoplasm ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Case-control study ,Head and neck cancers, exogenous and endogenous hormonal factors ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Hormones ,3. Good health ,030104 developmental biology ,Oncology ,Transgender hormone therapy ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,head and neck cancer ,Settore MED/31 - OTORINOLARINGOIATRIA ,business ,Cancer Prevention - Abstract
Due to lower female incidence, estimates of exogenous and endogenous hormonal factors in head and neck cancers (HNCs, comprising cancers of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx) among women have been inconsistent and unable to account for key HNC risk factors. We pooled data from 11 studies from Europe, North America, and Japan. Analysis included 1572 HNC female cases and 4343 controls. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multivariate logistic regression models adjusting for tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking. Lower risk was observed in women who used hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (OR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.34–0.77). Pregnancy (OR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.42–0.90) and giving birth (OR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.38–0.90) at
- Published
- 2017
14. Estimating and explaining the effect of education and income on head and neck cancer risk: INHANCE consortium pooled analysis of 31 case-control studies from 27 countries
- Author
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Elena Matos, Carlo La Vecchia, Hal Morgenstern, Ariana Znaor, Maura L. Gillison, Maria Paula Curado, Dana Mates, Kristina Kjærheim, Jolanta Lissowska, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Lorna M. D. Macpherson, Ivana Holcatova, Philip Lazarus, Antonio Agudo, Peter Thomson, Mark P. Purdue, Ana Maria Menezes, Darren R. Brenner, Joshua E. Muscat, Tongzhang Zheng, Rolando Herrero, Michael D. McClean, Silvia Franceschi, Thomas L. Vaughan, Isabelle Stücker, Peter Rudnai, Oxana Shangina, Kirsten B. Moysich, Victor Wünsch-Filho, Renato Talamini, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Wolfgang Ahrens, Pagona Lagiou, Lorenzo Simonato, Alex D. McMahon, Heribert Ramroth, Karl T. Kelsey, Luigino Dal Maso, Alexander W. Daudt, Guo Pei Yu, Paolo Boffetta, Heiko Müller, Yuan Chin Amy Lee, Elaine M. Smith, Qingyi Wei, Mia Hashibe, Fabio Levi, Stimson P. Schantz, Hermann Brenner, Otávio Alberto Curioni, Shu Chun Chuang, Lorenzo Richiardi, Erich M. Sturgis, Richard B. Hayes, Xavier Castellsagué, David I. Conway, Danièle Luce, José Francisco de Góis Filho, Neonila Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Vijayvel Jayaprakash, Gwenn Menvielle, Claire M. Healy, Stephen M. Schwartz, Chu Chen, Valeria Edefonti, Marianoosh Ghodrat, Leticia Fernandez, Andrew F. Olshan, Paul Brennan, Tatiana V. Macfarlane, Cristina Bosetti, Sergio Koifman, Franco Merletti, Deborah M. Winn, and Eleonora Fabianova
- Subjects
Gerontology ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Head and neck cancer ,Case-control study ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,Educational attainment ,Oncology ,Economic inequality ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Household income ,10. No inequality ,business ,Socioeconomic status ,Demography - Abstract
Low socioeconomic status has been reported to be associated with head and neck cancer risk. However, previous studies have been too small to examine the associations by cancer subsite, age, sex, global region and calendar time and to explain the association in terms of behavioral risk factors. Individual participant data of 23,964 cases with head and neck cancer and 31,954 controls from 31 studies in 27 countries pooled with random effects models. Overall, low education was associated with an increased risk of head and neck cancer (OR = 2.50; 95% CI = 2.02 – 3.09). Overall one-third of the increased risk was not explained by differences in the distribution of cigarette smoking and alcohol behaviors; and it remained elevated among never users of tobacco and nondrinkers (OR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.13 – 2.31). More of the estimated education effect was not explained by cigarette smoking and alcohol behaviors: in women than in men, in older than younger groups, in the oropharynx than in other sites, in South/Central America than in Europe/North America and was strongest in countries with greater income inequality. Similar findings were observed for the estimated effect of low versus high household income. The lowest levels of income and educational attainment were associated with more than 2-fold increased risk of head and neck cancer, which is not entirely explained by differences in the distributions of behavioral risk factors for these cancers and which varies across cancer sites, sexes, countries and country income inequality levels.
- Published
- 2014
15. Association of Marijuana Smoking with Oropharyngeal and Oral Tongue Cancers: Pooled Analysis from the INHANCE Consortium
- Author
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Chu Chen, Maria Paula Curado, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Julien Berthiller, Alexander W. Daudt, Hal Morgenstern, Kurt Straif, Morgan A. Marks, Anil K. Chaturvedi, Michael D. McClean, Elaine M. Smith, Paul Brennan, Stephen M. Schwartz, Karl T. Kelsey, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Qingyi Wei, Erich M. Sturgis, Marshall Posner, Victor Wünsch-Filho, Mia Hashibe, Yuan Chin Amy Lee, Elena Matos, Andrew F. Olshan, Leticia Fernandez, Philip Lazarus, Paolo Boffetta, Thomas L. Vaughan, Ana M. B. Menezes, Annah Wyss, Joshua E. Muscat, Sergio Koifman, Marks, M.A., Chaturvedi, A.K., Kelsey, K., Straif, K., Berthiller, J., Schwartz, S.M., Smith, E., Wyss, A., Brennan, P., Olshan, A.F., Wei, Q., Sturgis, E.M., Zhang, Z.-F., Morgenstern, H., Muscat, J., Lazarus, P., McClean, M., Chen, C., Vaughan, T.L., Wunsch-Filho, V., Curado, M.P., Koifman, S., Matos, E., Menezes, A., Daudt, A.W., Fernandez, L., Posner, M., Boffetta, P., Amy Lee, Y.-C., Hashibe, M., and D'Souza, G.
- Subjects
Male ,Epidemiology ,Medical and Health Sciences ,tobacco ,Substance Misuse ,Tobacco Use ,Risk Factors ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,Aetiology ,Tobacco Use Epidemiology ,Cancer ,alcohol ,Incidence ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Confounding ,HPV infection ,Middle Aged ,Tongue Neoplasms ,Oropharyngeal Neoplasms ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Female ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Alcohol Drinking ,Marijuana Smoking ,Article ,Tongue ,Internal medicine ,Tobacco ,Oropharyngeal, oral tongue cancer ,medicine ,Humans ,Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease ,Aged ,Tobacco Smoke and Health ,Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck ,business.industry ,Prevention ,Carcinoma ,Case-control study ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Confidence interval ,Surgery ,Good Health and Well Being ,Latin America ,Squamous Cell ,Case-Control Studies ,Digestive Diseases ,business ,marijuana - Abstract
Background: The incidence of oropharyngeal and oral tongue cancers has increased over the last 20 years which parallels increased use of marijuana among individuals born after 1950. Methods: A pooled analysis was conducted comprising individual-level data from nine case–control studies from the United States and Latin America in the INHANCE consortium. Self-reported information on marijuana smoking, demographic, and behavioral factors was obtained from 1,921 oropharyngeal cases, 356 oral tongue cases, and 7,639 controls. Results: Compared with never marijuana smokers, ever marijuana smokers had an elevated risk of oropharyngeal [adjusted OR (aOR), 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–1.47] and a reduced risk of oral tongue cancer (aOR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.29, 0.75). The risk of oropharyngeal cancer remained elevated among never tobacco and alcohol users. The risk of oral tongue cancer was reduced among never users of tobacco and alcohol. Sensitivity analysis adjusting for potential confounding by HPV exposure attenuated the association of marijuana use with oropharyngeal cancer (aOR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.71–1.25), but had no effect on the oral tongue cancer association. Conclusions: These results suggest that the association of marijuana use with head and neck carcinoma may differ by tumor site. Impact: The associations of marijuana use with oropharyngeal and oral tongue cancer are consistent with both possible pro- and anticarcinogenic effects of cannabinoids. Additional work is needed to rule out various sources of bias, including residual confounding by HPV infection and misclassification of marijuana exposure. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(1); 160–71. ©2013 AACR.
- Published
- 2014
16. Smokeless tobacco use and the risk of head and neck cancer: Pooled analysis of US studies in the inhance consortium
- Author
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Qingyi Wei, Andrew F. Olshan, Yuan Chin Amy Lee, Maura L. Gillison, Chu Chen, Stimson P. Schantz, Michael D. McClean, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Shu Chun Chuang, Paolo Boffetta, Joshua E. Muscat, Jose P. Zevallos, Deborah M. Winn, Stephen M. Schwartz, Guojun Li, Annah Wyss, Guo Pei Yu, Karl T. Kelsey, Elaine M. Smith, Hal Morgenstern, Mia Hashibe, and Wyss, A.B. and Hashibe, M. and Lee, Y.-C.A. and Chuang, S.-C. and Muscat, J. and Chen, C. and Schwartz, S.M. and Smith, E. and Zhang, Z.-F. and Morgenstern, H. and Wei, Q. and Li, G. and Kelsey, K.T. and McClean, M. and Winn, D.M. and Schantz, S. and Yu, G.-P. and Gillison, M.L. and Zevallos, J.P. and Boffetta, P. and Olshan, A.F.
- Subjects
Male ,cancer patient ,Epidemiology ,very elderly ,cigarette smoking ,Review ,cancer risk ,tobacco ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Mathematical Sciences ,Smokeless ,tobacco consumption ,Tobacco Use ,Systematic Reviews, Meta- and Pooled Analyses ,0302 clinical medicine ,middle aged ,Prevalence ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Smokele ,Cancer ,Mouth neoplasm ,Head and Neck Neoplasm ,adult ,snuff ,tobacco, adolescent ,Tobacco Products ,smokeless tobacco ,Middle Aged ,Chewing tobacco ,aged ,female ,Smokeless tobacco ,chewing tobacco ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Mouth Neoplasms ,Female ,epidemiology ,Human ,Adult ,tobacco snuff ,United State ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tobacco, Smokeless ,Snuff ,Adolescent ,Logistic Model ,smoking ,Cigarette Smoking ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Rare Diseases ,head and neck neoplasms ,analytical hierarchy proce ,Internal medicine ,Tobacco ,medicine ,mouth tumor ,Humans ,cancer ,controlled study ,Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease ,Aged ,head and neck tumor ,health risk ,Tobacco Smoke and Health ,meta analysi ,business.industry ,Prevention ,Head and neck cancer ,statistical model ,young adult, United States, Nicotiana tabacum, Adolescent ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,major clinical study ,Mouth Neoplasm ,United States ,Confidence interval ,Logistic Models ,Good Health and Well Being ,confidence interval ,Tobacco, Smokele ,head and neck cancer ,business - Abstract
Previous studies on smokeless tobacco use and head and neck cancer (HNC) have found inconsistent and often imprecise estimates, with limited control for cigarette smoking. Using pooled data from 11 US case-control studies (1981-2006) of oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal cancers (6,772 cases and 8,375 controls) in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) Consortium, we applied hierarchical logistic regression to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for ever use, frequency of use, and duration of use of snuff and chewing tobacco separately for never and ever cigarette smokers. Ever use (versus never use) of snuff was strongly associated with HNC among never cigarette smokers (odds ratio (OR) = 1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 2.70), particularly for oral cavity cancers (OR = 3.01, 95% CI: 1.63, 5.55). Although ever (versus never) tobacco chewing was weakly associated with HNC among never cigarette smokers (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.81, 1.77), analyses restricted to cancers of the oral cavity showed a stronger association (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.04, 3.17). Few or no associations between each type of smokeless tobacco and HNC were observed among ever cigarette smokers, possibly reflecting residual confounding by smoking. Smokeless tobacco use appears to be associated with HNC, especially oral cancers, with snuff being more strongly associated than chewing tobacco. © 2016 The Author.
- Published
- 2016
17. Human Papillomavirus Type 16 (HPV-16) Genomes Integrated in Head and Neck Cancers and in HPV-16-Immortalized Human Keratinocyte Clones Express Chimeric Virus-Cell mRNAs Similar to Those Found in Cervical Cancers
- Author
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Thomas H. Haugen, D. Wang, Michael J. Lace, James R. Anson, Jens Peter Klussmann, L. P. Turek, and Elaine M. Smith
- Subjects
Keratinocytes ,Male ,Sequence analysis ,Papillomavirus E7 Proteins ,Virus Integration ,Immunology ,Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ,Genome, Viral ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Genome ,Transformation and Oncogenesis ,Virus ,Virology ,Gene expression ,medicine ,Humans ,RNA, Messenger ,Gene ,Cells, Cultured ,Recombination, Genetic ,Human papillomavirus 16 ,Cancer ,Oncogene Proteins, Viral ,Cell Transformation, Viral ,medicine.disease ,Clone Cells ,Repressor Proteins ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,Insect Science ,Cancer research ,RNA, Viral ,Female - Abstract
Many human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive high-grade lesions and cancers of the uterine cervix harbor integrated HPV genomes expressing the E6 and E7 oncogenes from chimeric virus-cell mRNAs, but less is known about HPV integration in head and neck cancer (HNC). Here we compared viral DNA status and E6-E7 mRNA sequences in HPV-16-positive HNC tumors to those in independent human keratinocyte cell clones derived from primary tonsillar or foreskin epithelia immortalized with HPV-16 genomes. Three of nine HNC tumors and epithelial clones containing unintegrated HPV-16 genomes expressed mRNAs spliced from HPV-16 SD880 to SA3358 and terminating at the viral early gene p(A) signal. In contrast, most integrated HPV genomes in six HNCs and a set of 31 keratinocyte clones expressed HPV-16 major early promoter (MEP)-initiated mRNAs spliced from viral SD880 directly to diverse cellular sequences, with a minority spliced to SA3358 followed by a cellular DNA junction. Sequence analysis of chimeric virus-cell mRNAs from HNC tumors and keratinocyte clones identified viral integration sites in a variety of chromosomes, with some located in or near growth control genes, including the c- myc protooncogene and the gene encoding FAP-1 phosphatase. Taken together, these findings support the hypothesis that HPV integration in cancers is a stochastic process resulting in clonal selection of aggressively expanding cells with altered gene expression of integrated HPV genomes and potential perturbations of cellular genes at or near viral integration sites. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that this selection also takes place and can be studied in primary human keratinocytes in culture.
- Published
- 2011
18. Tobacco and alcohol use increases the risk of both HPV-associated and HPV-independent head and neck cancers
- Author
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Thomas H. Haugen, Eva Hamsikova, Elaine M. Smith, Lubomir P. Turek, and Linda M. Rubenstein
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Oncology ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Alcohol Drinking ,Antibodies, Viral ,Logistic regression ,Young Adult ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Epidemiology ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Young adult ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Hematology ,business.industry ,Papillomavirus Infections ,Smoking ,Head and neck cancer ,HPV infection ,virus diseases ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,Female ,business ,Oncovirus - Abstract
Tobacco, alcohol, and human papillomavirus (HPV) are major risk factors for head and neck cancer (HNC), but it is unclear whether there are two distinct HNC risk groups, one associated with HPV and the other with tobacco/alcohol. Because HPV-positive HNC are clinically distinct from HPV-negative cases in treatment response and with more favorable prognoses, determining whether these differences result from infection alone or in association with other HNC risk factors is important for developing future therapeutic strategies. Incident cases of HNC (n = 201) and age-gender frequency-matched controls (n = 324) were recruited to assess anti-HPV VLP (virus like particles) antibodies 16, 18, 31, and 33. Multivariate logistic regression and stratified analyses were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (OR). HPV-seronegative and seropositive/heavy tobacco users had similar increased adjusted risks of HNC (HPV-seronegative OR = 2.6, 1.4-5.0; HPV-seropositive OR = 2.3, 1.1-4.8), as did HPV-seronegative (OR = 4.3, 2.1-9.1) versus HPV-seropositive/heavy alcohol users (OR = 3.9, 1.6-9.4). Similar HPV/tobacco/alcohol risk profiles also were seen in oropharyngeal and oral cavity tumor sites. Our finding that tobacco/alcohol use increased the risk of HNC in both HPV-seropositive and HPV-seronegative individuals is consistent with the observation that HPV infection is not a sufficient cause of HNC but requires the accumulation of additional cellular changes.
- Published
- 2010
19. Interaction between Tobacco and Alcohol Use and the Risk of Head and Neck Cancer: Pooled Analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium
- Author
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Elena Matos, Renato Talamini, Karl T. Kelsey, Qingyi Wei, Shu Chun Chuang, Leticia Fernandez, Erich M. Sturgis, Joshua E. Muscat, Xavier Castellsagué, Alexander W. Daudt, Chu Chen, Paul Brennan, Andrew F. Olshan, Carlo La Vecchia, Fabio Levi, Rolando Herrero, Stephen M. Schwartz, Sergio Koifman, Eleonora Fabianova, Dana Mates, Stefania Boccia, Philip Lazarus, Neonilia Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Maria Paula Curado, Victor Wünsch-Filho, Luigino Dal Maso, Agnieszka Pilarska, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Deborah M. Winn, Gilles Ferro, Richard B. Hayes, Peter Rudnai, Paolo Boffetta, Oxana Shangina, Elaine M. Smith, Silvia Franceschi, Julien Berthiller, Mark P. Purdue, Ana Maria Menezes, Mia Hashibe, Juan Lence, Michael D. McClean, José Eluf-Neto, Hashibe, M., Brennan, P., Chuang, S.-C., Boccia, S., Castellsague, X., Chen, C., Curado, M.P., Maso, L.D., Daudt, A.W., Fabianova, E., Fernandez, L., Wünsch-Filho, V., Franceschi, S., Hayes, R.B., Herrero, R., Kelsey, K., Koifman, S., Vecchia, C.L., Lazarus, P., Levi, F., Lence, J.J., Mates, D., Matos, E., Menezes, A., McClean, M.D., Muscat, J., Eluf-Neto, J., Olshan, A.F., Purdue, M., Rudnai, P., Schwartz, S.M., Smith, E., Sturgis, E.M., Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N., Talamini, R., Wei, Q., Winn, D.M., Shangina, O., Pilarska, A., Zhang, Z.-F., Ferro, G., Berthiller, J., and Boffetta, P.
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adult ,Aged ,Alcohol Drinking ,Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects ,Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology ,Case-Control Studies ,Europe ,Female ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,Head and Neck Neoplasms/epidemiology ,Head and Neck Neoplasms/etiology ,Humans ,Logistic Models ,Male ,Middle Aged ,North America ,North America/epidemiology ,Risk Factors ,Tobacco Use Disorder ,Tobacco Use Disorder/complications ,Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology ,Epidemiology ,business.industry ,Population ,Head and neck cancer ,Case-control study ,tobacco and alcohol use ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,Surgery ,Oncology ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,head and neck cancer ,Risk factor ,Risk assessment ,education ,business - Abstract
Background: The magnitude of risk conferred by the interaction between tobacco and alcohol use on the risk of head and neck cancers is not clear because studies have used various methods to quantify the excess head and neck cancer burden. Methods: We analyzed individual-level pooled data from 17 European and American case-control studies (11,221 cases and 16,168 controls) participating in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology consortium. We estimated the multiplicative interaction parameter (ψ) and population attributable risks (PAR). Results: A greater than multiplicative joint effect between ever tobacco and alcohol use was observed for head and neck cancer risk (ψ = 2.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.53-3.04). The PAR for tobacco or alcohol was 72% (95% confidence interval, 61-79%) for head and neck cancer, of which 4% was due to alcohol alone, 33% was due to tobacco alone, and 35% was due to tobacco and alcohol combined. The total PAR differed by subsite (64% for oral cavity cancer, 72% for pharyngeal cancer, 89% for laryngeal cancer), by sex (74% for men, 57% for women), by age (33% for cases 60 years), and by region (84% in Europe, 51% in North America, 83% in Latin America). Conclusions: Our results confirm that the joint effect between tobacco and alcohol use is greater than multiplicative on head and neck cancer risk. However, a substantial proportion of head and neck cancers cannot be attributed to tobacco or alcohol use, particularly for oral cavity cancer and for head and neck cancer among women and among young-onset cases. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(2):541–50)
- Published
- 2009
20. Type of Alcoholic Beverage and Risk of Head and Neck Cancer—A Pooled Analysis Within the INHANCE Consortium
- Author
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Neonilia Szeszenia-Dabrowska, José Eluf Neto, Silvia Franceschi, Stephen M. Schwartz, Maria Paula Curado, Fabio Levi, Erich M. Sturgis, Elena Matos, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Debbie Winn, Renato Talamini, Mark P. Purdue, Joshua E. Muscat, Hal Morgenstern, Richard B. Hayes, Peter Rudnai, David Zaridze, Luigino Dal Maso, Agnieszka Pilarska, Carlo La Vecchia, Simone Benhamou, Paul Brennan, Ana M. B. Menezes, Victor Wünsch-Filho, Elaine M. Smith, Andrew F. Olshan, Xavier Castellsagué, Qingyi Wei, Eleonora Fabianova, Philip Lazarus, Rolando Herrero, Alexander W. Daudt, Julien Berthiller, Paolo Boffetta, Ioan Nicolae Mates, Mia Hashibe, Juan Lence, Chu Chen, Sergio Koifman, Gilles Ferro, Purdue, M.P., Hashibe, M., Berthiller, J., La Vecchia, C., Maso, L.D., Herrero, R., Franceschi, S., Castellsague, X., Wei, Q., Sturgis, E.M., Morgenstern, H., Zhang, Z.-F., Levi, F., Talamini, R., Smith, E., Muscat, J., Lazarus, P., Schwartz, S.M., Chen, C., Neto, J.E., Wünsch-Filho, V., Zaridze, D., Koifman, S., Curado, M.P., Benhamou, S., Matos, E., Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N., Olshan, A.F., Lence, J., Menezes, A., Daudt, A.W., Mates, I.N., Pilarska, A., Fabianova, E., Rudnai, P., Winn, D., Ferro, G., Brennan, P., Boffetta, P., and Hayes, R.B.
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Alcohol Drinking ,Epidemiology ,education ,PROTEIN ,Wine ,Risk Assessment ,DIET ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,VITAMIN ,Risk Factors ,mental disorders ,Odds Ratio ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Risk factor ,Meta-and Pooled Analyses ,CALIBRATION ,KIDNEY CANCER ,Ethanol ,business.industry ,Alcoholic Beverages ,Confounding ,Case-control study ,Beer ,food and beverages ,Odds ratio ,3. Good health ,Surgery ,ENERGY-INTAKE ,PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,Case-Control Studies ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Meta-analysis ,Relative risk ,RISK-FACTORS ,Risk assessment ,business ,Demography - Abstract
The authors pooled data from 15 case-control studies of head and neck cancer (9,107 cases, 14,219 controls) to investigate the independent associations with consumption of beer, wine, and liquor. In particular, they calculated associations with different measures of beverage consumption separately for subjects who drank beer only (858 cases, 986 controls), for liquor-only drinkers (499 cases, 527 controls), and for wine-only drinkers (1,021 cases, 2,460 controls), with alcohol never drinkers (1,124 cases, 3,487 controls) used as a common reference group. The authors observed similar associations with ethanol-standardized consumption frequency for beer-only drinkers (odds ratios (ORs) = 1.6, 1.9, 2.2, and 5.4 for =5, 6-15, 16-30, and >30 drinks per week, respectively; Ptrend < 0.0001) and liquor-only drinkers (ORs = 1.6, 1.5, 2.3, and 3.6; P < 0.0001). Among wine-only drinkers, the odds ratios for moderate levels of consumption frequency approached the null, whereas those for higher consumption levels were comparable to those of drinkers of other beverage types (ORs = 1.1, 1.2, 1.9, and 6.3; P < 0.0001). Study findings suggest that the relative risks of head and neck cancer for beer and liquor are comparable. The authors observed weaker associations with moderate wine consumption, although they cannot rule out confounding from diet and other lifestyle factors as an explanation for this finding. Given the presence of heterogeneity in study-specific results, their findings should be interpreted with caution.
- Published
- 2008
21. Does Pretreatment Seropositivity to Human Papillomavirus Have Prognostic Significance for Head and Neck Cancers?
- Author
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Lubomir P. Turek, Eva Hamsikova, John H. Lee, Justine M. Ritchie, Linda M. Rubenstein, Elaine M. Smith, and Thomas H. Haugen
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,Papillomavirus E7 Proteins ,Antibodies, Viral ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Statistics, Nonparametric ,Article ,Antigen ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Risk factor ,Papillomaviridae ,Survival analysis ,Aged ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Aged, 80 and over ,biology ,Proportional hazards model ,business.industry ,Papillomavirus Infections ,Head and neck cancer ,Hazard ratio ,virus diseases ,Cancer ,Oncogene Proteins, Viral ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Survival Analysis ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,Repressor Proteins ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,Immunology ,Female ,business - Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a risk factor for head and neck cancers (HNC), yet HPV-associated tumors have better prognosis than HPV-negative tumors. Methods: We evaluated whether pretreatment presence of antibodies to HPV capsids [virus-like particles (VLP)] or to HPV-16 oncoproteins E6 and E7 was a predictor of HPV-positive HNC and clinical outcomes. Sera from 156 HNC patients were tested for antibodies to HPV-16–derived antigens using ELISA. HPV-16 in tumors was evaluated by PCR and DNA sequencing. Results: HPV-16 antibodies were found in 33% with HPV-16 VLP, 21% with HPV-16 E6, and 21% with E7. HPV-16 was detected in 26% of tumors. There was a strong correlation between detection of HPV-16 tumor DNA and antibodies to HPV-16 E6 or E7 (κ = 0.7) but not to HPV-16 VLP (κ = 0.4). Multivariate analyses showed significantly better disease-specific survival in seropositive HPV-16 VLP [hazard ratio (HR), 0.4; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.1-0.9], HPV-16 E6 (HR, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.02-0.5), and HPV-16 E7 (HR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.9) cases. Less disease recurrence occurred among those with antibodies to both E6 and E7 compared with those negative to both (P = 0.003). There was better disease-specific survival in patients who were E6 positive at baseline and remained positive at follow-up compared with individuals who were E6 negative at both time points (P = 0.03; κ = 0.9). Conclusions: The presence of antibodies to HPV-16 E6 and E7 is associated with HPV in tumor cells and with better clinical outcomes. These findings suggest that the presence of E6/E7 antibodies before treatment is predictive of better clinical outcomes and that they may serve as biomarkers for selecting targeted therapeutic modalities developed for HPV-associated tumors. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(8):2087–96)
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- 2008
22. Association between p53 and Human Papillomavirus in Head and Neck Cancer Survival
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Linda M. Rubenstein, Donghong Wang, Lubomir P. Turek, Thomas H. Haugen, William A. Morris, and Elaine M. Smith
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Male ,Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Multivariate analysis ,Epidemiology ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,medicine ,Humans ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Human papillomavirus 16 ,business.industry ,Papillomavirus Infections ,Head and neck cancer ,Hazard ratio ,Cancer ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,medicine.disease ,Survival Analysis ,Confidence interval ,Logistic Models ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,Immunohistochemistry ,Biomarker (medicine) ,Female ,Viral disease ,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ,Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ,business - Abstract
Background: High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV-HR) is a significant risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC), abrogating normal p53 function. In addition, HPV and p53 have been associated with prognosis of these tumors but the findings have been inconsistent. We examined p53 expression and HPV-HR individually and jointly for differences in predicting HNC survival. Methods: HNC patients (n = 294) were evaluated for p53 by immunohistochemical staining. HPV was detected by PCR/dot blot hybridization and sequencing. Results: HNC tumors showed 48% with p53 overexpression and 27% with HPV-HR. Multivariate analyses showed that p53 positivity was significantly associated with higher risk of disease-specific [hazard ratio (HR); 2.0; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.1-3.7] and recurrence-free mortality (HR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.4-5.3). HPV− cases had significantly worse disease-specific survival (HR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.3-6.3) compared with HPV-HR cases. When analyzed jointly, with p53−/HPV-HR tumors as the reference group, p53+/HPV− patients had the worst disease-specific (HR, 5.3; 58% versus 15%, P = 0.006) and recurrence-free survival rates (HR, 9.5; 17% versus 89%, P = 0.001), in contrast to the p53−/HPV− and p53+/HPV-HR groups, which had less elevated and different risks for disease-specific survival (HR, 2.5 and 1.7, respectively) and recurrence-free survival (HR, 4.2 and 7.2, respectively). Conclusion: Joint assessment of p53/HPV status provides different HRs for each clinical outcome in the four biomarker groups that are distinct from the individual biomarkers. These findings suggest that joint assessment of p53/HPV provides a better indicator of prognosis and potentially different types of treatments. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(2):421–7)
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- 2008
23. Risk factors for head and neck cancer in young adults: a pooled analysis in the INHANCE consortium
- Author
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Gabriella Cadoni, Stefania Boccia, Alexander W. Daudt, Maria Paula Curado, Philip Lazarus, Kristina Kjærheim, Renato Talamini, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Wolfgang Ahrens, Thomas L. Vaughan, Marta Vilensky, Joshua E. Muscat, Mark P. Purdue, Qingyi Wei, Otávio Alberto Curioni, Guo Pei Yu, Claire M. Healy, Keitaro Matsuo, Dana Mates, Yuan Chin Amy Lee, Rolando Herrero, Paolo Boffetta, José Leopoldo Ferreira Antunes, Mia Hashibe, Elaine M. Smith, Lorenzo Richiardi, Oxana Shangina, Chu Chen, Antonio Agudo, Victor Wünsch Filho, Sergio Koifman, Pagona Lagiou, Deborah M. Winn, Michael D. McClean, Cristina Canova, Heribert Ramroth, Karl T. Kelsey, Peter Rudnai, Peter Thomson, Leticia Fernandez, P Brennan, Neonila Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Eleonora Fabianova, Hal Morgenstern, Stephen M. Schwartz, Xavier Castellsagué, Jolanta Lissowska, Andrew F. Olshan, Tatiana V. Macfarlane, Carlo La Vecchia, Ivana Holcatova, Ariana Znaor, Raquel Ajub Moyses, José Eluf-Neto, David I. Conway, Tatiana Natasha Toporcov, Stimson P. Schantz, Richard B. Hayes, Fabio Levi, Erich M. Sturgis, Luigino Dal Maso, Ana M. B. Menezes, Silvia Franceschi, International Prevention Research Institute (IPRI), The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Toporcov, T.N., Znaor, A., Zhang, Z.-F., Yu, G.-P., Winn, D.M., Wei, Q., Vilensky, M., Vaughan, T., Thomson, P., Talamini, R., Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N., Sturgis, E.M., Smith, E., Shangina, O., Schwartz, S.M., Schantz, S., Rudnai, P., Richiardi, L., Ramroth, H., Purdue, M.P., Olshan, A.F., Eluf-Neto, J., Muscat, J., Moyses, R.A., Morgenstern, H., Menezes, A., McClean, M., Matsuo, K., Mates, D., Macfarlane, T.V., Lissowska, J., Levi, F., Lazarus, P., Vecchia, C.L., Lagiou, P., Koifman, S., Kjaerheim, K., Kelsey, K., Holcatova, I., Herrero, R., Healy, C., Hayes, R.B., Franceschi, S., Fernandez, L., Fabianova, E., Daudt, A.W., Curioni, O.A., Maso, L.D., Curado, M.P., Conway, D.I., Chen, C., Castellsague, X., Canova, C., Cadoni, G., Brennan, P., Boccia, S., Antunes, J.L.F., Ahrens, W., Agudo, A., Boffetta, P., Hashibe, M., Lee, Y.-C.A., and Filho, V.W.
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Male ,Aging ,Epidemiology ,head and neck cancer (HNC) ,Adult Age Factors Alcohol Drinking/*epidemiology Case-Control Studies Female Genetic Predisposition to Disease Head and Neck Neoplasms/*epidemiology/genetics Humans Incidence Male Middle Aged Odds Ratio Registries Risk Factors Sex Factors Smoking/*epidemiology Head and neck neoplasms alcohol drinking diet smoking ,Risk Factors ,Odds Ratio ,Registries ,Family history ,Young adult ,Cancer ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,Medicine (all) ,Statistics ,Smoking ,Age Factors ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,3. Good health ,Public Health and Health Services ,Female ,Settore MED/31 - OTORINOLARINGOIATRIA ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Alcohol Drinking ,Head and neck neoplasms ,smoking ,Rare Diseases ,Sex Factors ,Clinical Research ,Internal medicine ,Tobacco ,medicine ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease ,Tobacco Smoke and Health ,business.industry ,Prevention ,Head and neck cancer ,Alcohol drinking ,Diet ,Case-Control Studies ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,Case-control study ,prognostic factors ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,Surgery ,Good Health and Well Being ,Attributable risk ,head and neck cancer ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,diet ,Digestive Diseases ,business - Abstract
Toporcov, Tatiana Natasha Znaor, Ariana Zhang, Zuo-Feng Yu, Guo-Pei Winn, Deborah M Wei, Qingyi Vilensky, Marta Vaughan, Thomas Thomson, Peter Talamini, Renato Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Neonila Sturgis, Erich M Smith, Elaine Shangina, Oxana Schwartz, Stephen M Schantz, Stimson Rudnai, Peter Richiardi, Lorenzo Ramroth, Heribert Purdue, Mark P Olshan, Andrew F Eluf-Neto, Jose Muscat, Joshua Moyses, Raquel Ajub Morgenstern, Hal Menezes, Ana McClean, Michael Matsuo, Keitaro Mates, Dana Macfarlane, Tatiana V Lissowska, Jolanta Levi, Fabio Lazarus, Philip La Vecchia, Carlo Lagiou, Pagona Koifman, Sergio Kjaerheim, Kristina Kelsey, Karl Holcatova, Ivana Herrero, Rolando Healy, Claire Hayes, Richard B Franceschi, Silvia Fernandez, Leticia Fabianova, Eleonora Daudt, Alexander W Curioni, Otavio Alberto Maso, Luigino Dal Curado, Maria Paula Conway, David I Chen, Chu Castellsague, Xavier Canova, Cristina Cadoni, Gabriella Brennan, Paul Boccia, Stefania Antunes, Jose Leopoldo Ferreira Ahrens, Wolfgang Agudo, Antonio Boffetta, Paolo Hashibe, Mia Lee, Yuan-Chin Amy Filho, Victor Wunsch eng FIRCA TW01500/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ K07CA104231/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ P01CA068384/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ P30ES010126/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ P50CA90388/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01CA048996/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01CA100264/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01CA30022/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01CA51845/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01CA61188/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01DA11386/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ R01DE012609/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ R01DE11979/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ R01DE13110/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ R01DE13158/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ R01ES11740/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ R03CA113157/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R03CA77954/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R03DE016611/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ R21ES011667/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ T32CA09142/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ U01CA96134/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. England 2015/01/24 06:00 Int J Epidemiol. 2015 Feb;44(1):169-85. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyu255. Epub 2015 Jan 22.; International audience; BACKGROUND: Increasing incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC) in young adults has been reported. We aimed to compare the role of major risk factors and family history of cancer in HNC in young adults and older patients. METHODS: We pooled data from 25 case-control studies and conducted separate analyses for adults 45 years old ('older adults', 17700 cases and 22 704 controls). Using logistic regression with studies treated as random effects, we estimated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: The young group of cases had a higher proportion of oral tongue cancer (16.0% in women; 11.0% in men) and unspecified oral cavity / oropharynx cancer (16.2%; 11.1%) and a lower proportion of larynx cancer (12.1%; 16.6%) than older adult cases. The proportions of never smokers or never drinkers among female cases were higher than among male cases in both age groups. Positive associations with HNC and duration or pack-years of smoking and drinking were similar across age groups. However, the attributable fractions (AFs) for smoking and drinking were lower in young when compared with older adults (AFs for smoking in young women, older women, young men and older men, respectively, = 19.9% (95% CI=9.8%, 27.9%), 48.9% (46.6%, 50.8%), 46.2% (38.5%, 52.5%), 64.3% (62.2%, 66.4%); AFs for drinking=5.3% (-11.2%, 18.0%), 20.0% (14.5%, 25.0%), 21.5% (5.0%, 34.9%) and 50.4% (46.1%, 54.3%). A family history of early-onset cancer was associated with HNC risk in the young [OR=2.27 (95% CI=1.26, 4.10)], but not in the older adults [OR=1.10 (0.91, 1.31)]. The attributable fraction for family history of early-onset cancer was 23.2% (8.60% to 31.4%) in young compared with 2.20% (-2.41%, 5.80%) in older adults. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in HNC aetiology according to age group may exist. The lower AF of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking in young adults may be due to the reduced length of exposure due to the lower age. Other characteristics, such as those that are inherited, may play a more important role in HNC in young adults compared with older adults.
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- 2015
24. Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Infection Among Women Visiting Family Planning Clinics: Racial Variation in Prevalence and Predictors
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Lisa A. Einwalter, Elaine M. Smith, Kevin A. Ault, and Justine M. Ritchie
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Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,education.field_of_study ,Chlamydia ,Sociology and Political Science ,business.industry ,Gonorrhea ,Population ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Ethnic group ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Cervicitis ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,urologic and male genital diseases ,medicine.disease ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,Family planning ,Pelvic inflammatory disease ,Medicine ,business ,education ,Developed country ,Demography - Abstract
RESULTS: Overall, 0.7% of women had gonorrhea, and 4% had chlamydia. The gonorrhea rate was 4% for blacks and 0.4% for whites; the chlamydia rate, 9% and 4%, respectively. Independent predictors of gonorrhea in both races were symptoms, recent sexual contact with a partner who had STD symptoms, and chlamydia infection. Predictors specific to whites were visiting the clinic for STD care and having a new partner or multiple partners in the past year. Being aged 15‐21 was associated with an elevated risk of gonorrhea for blacks only. In both racial groups, chlamydia infection was associated with younger age, contact with a symptomatic partner, cervicitis, cervical friability and gonorrhea positivity. Additional predictors among whites were having a new partner, having multiple partners and having pelvic inflammatory disease; no other factors were significant for blacks. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence and predictors of gonorrhea and chlamydia infection differ significantly between blacks and whites. Until these disparities are better understood, it will be difficult to establish screening criteria for gonorrhea.
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- 2005
25. A Comparison of Two Methods for Scoring an In-Basket Exercise
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Elaine M. Smith, David S. Strubler, and Kenneth M. York
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Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management ,Public Administration ,Management development ,Delegation ,Strategy and Management ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Applied psychology ,In-basket test ,Time limit ,Test (assessment) ,Promotion (rank) ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,Operations management ,Situational ethics ,Psychology ,media_common ,Face validity - Abstract
The in-basket exercise has been successfully used for decades by a wide variety of organizations for selection and management development in both the public and private sector. (1,2,3,4,5) An in-basket was one of the exercises in AT&T's pioneering Assessment Center. (6) It is now one of the most commonly used situational exercises, (7,8,9) and is often used outside assessment center programs. (10) However, because each candidate's responses to the in-basket items must be evaluated by trained assessors, the cost of using an in-basket exercise may discourage organizations from using it, despite its success in predicting performance in management jobs. (11,12,13) If an easier-to-score in-basket exercise that still retained the situational test format of a traditional in-basket could be developed, organizations might make greater use of this well-established selection and management development tool. The purpose of this study was to compare two methods for scoring an in-basket. The first method involved a traditional in-basket exercise during which participants wrote down the actions they would take on each item. The second method consisted of a multiple-choice in-basket test based on the same collection of in-basket materials. The typical in-basket contains a collection of items of varying importance and priority that managers find in their in-baskets, such as phone messages, memos, and documents, and the candidate must indicate what action they would take on each item. (11,14,15,16) Some of the items may be interrelated to add complexity, and there is also generally a time limit, which puts candidates under some time pressure to handle all of the items. It is a simulated work task designed to measure performance on work that managers typically do, so it has high face validity for candidates. (17) The collection of items in the in-basket are usually targeted to a specific job or they can be made very general, including the kinds of items that any manager might deal with. (18) Trained assessors score the exercise by coming to consensus on ratings on performance dimensions such as prioritization, decision making, delegation, organization, and interpersonal skills, or on some overall measure of performance such as "exercise effectiveness." (19) A few researchers have experimented with alternative scoring methods primarily designed to make scoring faster and easier to do with large numbers of candidates. Felix M. Lopez, former chairman of the Educational Testing Services' Executive Study Conference, experimented with a 111-item multiple-choice questionnaire for an in-basket developed for the fictional AMA Company, as part of the American Management Association Management Course. (9) Betty Salem, Don Ellis, and Douglas Johnson developed an in-basket for a promotion test for police sergeant (which the Civil Service Commission ruled was legitimate after an official protest over its use), consisting of multiple-choice questions relating to organizational, decision making and administrative skills. (2) A. Ralph Hakstian and Karen P. Harlos, in one of a series of studies on alternative in-basket scoring systems conducted at the University of British Columbia, used a multiple-choice test to score one of the eight performance dimensions measured by the in-basket. (20) Gerald A. Kesselman, Felix M. Lopez, and Felix E. Lopez of Lopez Assessment Services, used a kind of checklist of possible actions (participants could check more than one) to score an in-basket exercise. (21) Richard C. Joines, president of Management & Personnel Systems, originated an "item-by-item" approach to scoring in-baskets. Each item was scored using a detailed scoring key that was supported by criterion-related validation. Some items were designated as priority items and an extra point was awarded if the candidate completed the item. This approach reduced scoring time to less than 30 minutes per in-basket and increased scoring reliability to the 0. …
- Published
- 2005
26. Alcohol Dehydrogenase 3 and Risk of Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Head and Neck
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Thomas H. Haugen, Zugui Zhang, Elaine M. Smith, Donghong Wang, Justine M. Ritchie, and Lubomir P. Turek
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Genotype ,Epidemiology ,Logistic regression ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Gastroenterology ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Survival analysis ,Aged ,Proportional hazards model ,business.industry ,Alcohol Dehydrogenase ,Case-control study ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Survival Analysis ,Head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma ,Confidence interval ,Oncology ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,Case-Control Studies ,Immunology ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Female ,business - Abstract
In order to examine the association between alcohol dehydrogenase 3 (ADH3) genotypes and risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), we conducted a hospital based case-control study including 348 cases and 330 controls. DNA isolated from exfoliated cells from the oral cavity were genotyped for ADH3 polymorphisms using PCR followed by SspI digestion. Odds ratios (OR) and hazards ratios (HR) were done by unconditional logistic regression and Cox regression. Relative to ADH32-2 carriers, ADH31-1 [OR, 0.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.4-1.1] and ADH31-2 (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.5-1.2) had a nonsignificant reduced risk of HNSCC. ADH1-2 smokers of >30 pack-years were at decreased risk of oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas compared with ADH32-2 (OR, 0.3, 0.1-0.9), whereas ADH31-1 smokers were not. After adjustment, those with ADH31-2 had significantly worse overall survival compared with ADH31-1 (HR, 0.3, 0.2-0.6) or ADH32-2 (HR, 0.4, 0.2-0.9) and increased recurrence (ADH31-1, 0.2, 0.1-0.6; ADH32-2, 0.6, 0.2-1.3). Our data did not show that ADH3 genotypes had a significantly independent effect on the risk of HNSCC, nor did they modify the risks increased by alcohol or tobacco consumption and high-risk human papillomavirus infection. However, participants with ADH31-2 genotype were associated with poorer survival compared with those who had the other two ADH3 genotypes and a higher rate of recurrence than participants with ADH31-1 genotype.
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- 2005
27. Human Papillomavirus Prevalence and Types in Newborns and Parents
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Thomas H. Haugen, Donghong Wang, Justine M. Ritchie, Sandhya Swarnavel, Jerome Yankowitz, Elaine M. Smith, and Lubomir P. Turek
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Microbiology (medical) ,Sexually transmitted disease ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Concordance ,Dermatology ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,law.invention ,Pregnancy ,Risk Factors ,law ,Epidemiology ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ,Papillomaviridae ,Human papillomavirus ,biology ,Hpv types ,Obstetrics ,business.industry ,Papillomavirus Infections ,Infant, Newborn ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,virus diseases ,Middle Aged ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Iowa ,Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ,Tumor Virus Infections ,Infectious Diseases ,Transmission (mechanics) ,DNA, Viral ,Immunology ,Female ,business - Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the risk of vertical and early contact transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV) in newborn infants based on concordance and sequence match to HPV types in parents.The genitals of pregnant women and newborns and oral cavity of parents and newborns were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. Data were collected about reproductive health and risk factors for HPV.Only one mother/newborn and no father/newborn pair was concordant for an HPV type. All other infected newborns had uninfected or discordant type infected parents.The risk of vertical transmission to the oral or genital region of newborns is rare, and transmission between parents and the hospitalized newborn does not appear to occur. Lack of parent/child concordance suggests that newborns detected with HPV in their oral cavity or genitals could have become infected by their mother at untested intervals during pregnancy or in newborns with infection in the oral cavity by other contacts after birth.
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- 2004
28. Human papillomavirus infection as a prognostic factor in carcinomas of the oral cavity and oropharynx
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Jens Peter Klussmann, Donghong Wang, Justine M. Ritchie, Lubomir P. Turek, Elaine M. Smith, Kurt F. Summersgill, Henry T. Hoffman, and Thomas H. Haugen
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Oncology ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Odds Ratio ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Risk factor ,Papillomaviridae ,Survival rate ,Aged ,Neoplasm Staging ,Aged, 80 and over ,Proportional hazards model ,business.industry ,Papillomavirus Infections ,Case-control study ,HPV infection ,virus diseases ,Cancer ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,medicine.disease ,Survival Rate ,Oropharyngeal Neoplasms ,Tumor Virus Infections ,Case-Control Studies ,Relative risk ,DNA, Viral ,Immunology ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Female ,Mouth Neoplasms ,business - Abstract
Although studies have established human papillomaviruses (HPVs) as a risk factor for oral and oropharyngeal cancer, it is not clear whether viral infection affects survival in head and neck malignancies. This investigation examined the relationship between HPV and survival in carcinomas of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor specimens from 139 newly diagnosed cases were tested for HPVs by PCR and DNA sequencing. Patient and tumor characteristics were obtained from questionnaires, pathology reports and cancer registries. Odds ratios (ORs) and relative risks (RRs) were based on logistic and Cox regression models, respectively. HPVs were detected in 21% of the tumors; 83% were HPV-16. Greater risk of HPV infection was associated with males (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.0-8.6), a history of oral-genital sex (OR = 4.2, 95% CI = 1.5-11.7), and oropharyngeal tumors (OR = 10.4, 95% CI = 3.5-31.2). As tobacco usage increased, the odds of HPV detection decreased (OR = 0.97/pack-year, 95% CI = 0.96-0.99). HPV infected patients had better overall survival (RR = 0.3, 95% CI = 0.1-0.8) than those with HPV-negative tumors. There was an interaction between gender and HPV for overall (p = 0.05) and disease-specific (p = 0.03) survival that suggested that HPV infected males had better prognosis than HPV-negative males, but this was not the case among females. HPV status was identified as an independent prognostic factor in oral and oropharyngeal cancers. This result appeared to be gender-specific, suggesting the need for further study of the interaction between HPV and gender on survival.
- Published
- 2003
29. Predictors of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Among Women Attending Rural Midwest Family Planning Clinics
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Elaine M. Smith, Kevin A. Ault, and Tami M. Hilger
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Adult ,Rural Population ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Multivariate analysis ,Adolescent ,Chlamydia trachomatis ,Dermatology ,medicine.disease_cause ,lcsh:Gynecology and obstetrics ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Immunoenzyme Techniques ,Uterine Cervical Diseases ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Humans ,Mass Screening ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Mass screening ,lcsh:RG1-991 ,Chlamydia trachomatis infection ,Gynecology ,Chlamydia ,business.industry ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Odds ratio ,Chlamydia Infections ,medicine.disease ,Iowa ,Infectious Diseases ,Logistic Models ,Family planning ,Multivariate Analysis ,Population study ,Patient Compliance ,Female ,business ,Demography ,Research Article - Abstract
Objective: To determine predictors of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among women 14 ‐24 years of age attending family planning clinics throughout a rural Midwestern state. Methods: The study population included 16 756 women between the ages of 14 and 24 years attending family planning clinics for annual examinations throughout the state of Iowa in 1997. All women under 25 years of age having annual exams were tested for C. trachomatis during the visit. At the time of exam, both behavioral and demographic data were collected on all women participating in the study. Results: The majority of women in the study (96%) reported no symptoms of chlamydia. Only 2.5% of all women had a positive test result. In the multivariate model, the odds ratios were significantly increased among the youngest age (14‐17 years; OR = 2.2), those with mucopurulent cervicitis (OR = 3.4), cervical friability (OR = 2.2), symptomatic for infection (OR = 1.8), risk history (OR = 1.6), and black race (OR = 1.2) and predictive of a C. trachomatis infection. Conclusions: Risk factors predictive of C. trachomatis infection among younger aged women attending family planning clinics in a Midwest rural population are consistent with predictors of infection among women attending family planning clinics across the United States. The overall findings suggest the importance of developing screening guidelines as a means of lowering chlamydia rates. This may be a particularly difficult task in light of the low rate of symptoms that would lead a woman to seek medical care, even in younger age women who are at higher risk. In addition, screening guidelines would be more difficult to implement in a rural setting.
- Published
- 2001
30. Cigarette, Cigar, and Pipe Smoking and the Risk of Head and Neck Cancers: Pooled Analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium
- Author
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Andrew F. Olshan, Mark P. Purdue, Stimson P. Schantz, Victor Wünsch-Filho, Shu Chun Chuang, Guo Pei Yu, Marcos Brasilino de Carvalho, Elena Matos, Paul Brennan, Carlo La Vecchia, Ioan Nicolae Mates, Mia Hashibe, Annah Wyss, Hal Morgenstern, Deborah M. Winn, Peter Rudnai, Jolanta Lissowska, Yuan Chin Amy Lee, Eleonora Fabianova, Neonila Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Joshua E. Muscat, Silvia Franceschi, Stephen M. Schwartz, Pedro Michaluart, José Eluf-Neto, Xavier Castellsagué, Richard B. Hayes, Gabriella Cadoni, Luigino Dal Maso, Philip Lazarus, Stefania Boccia, Paolo Boffetta, Ana M. B. Menezes, Fabio Levi, Renato Talamini, Erich M. Sturgis, Qingyi Wei, Oxana Shangina, Alexander W. Daudt, Elaine M. Smith, Sergio Koifman, Chu Chen, Leticia Fernandez, Maria Paula Curado, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Rolando Herrero, Wyss, A., Hashibe, M., Chuang, S.-C., Lee, Y.-C.A., Zhang, Z.-F., Yu, G.-P., Winn, D.M., Wei, Q., Sturgis, E.M., Talamini, R., Dal Maso, L., Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N., Smith, E., Shangina, O., Schwartz, S.M., Chen, C., Schantz, S., Rudnai, P., Purdue, M.P., Eluf-Neto, J., Muscat, J., Morgenstern, H., Michaluart Jr., P., Menezes, A., Matos, E., Mates, I.N., Lissowska, J., Levi, F., Lazarus, P., La Vecchia, C., Koifman, S., Herrero, R., Hayes, R.B., Franceschi, S., Wünsch-Filho, V., Fernandez, L., Fabianova, E., Daudt, A.W., Curado, M.P., Boffetta, P., Castellsague, X., De Carvalho, M.B., Cadoni, G., Boccia, S., Brennan, P., Olshan, A.F., International Prevention Research Institute (IPRI), The Tisch Cancer Institute, and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM)
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cigar Smoking ,Adolescent ,Epidemiology ,education ,Logistic regression ,smoking ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Age Distribution ,head and neck neoplasms ,Risk Factors ,head and neck neoplasms, smoking ,medicine ,Odds Ratio ,Humans ,Young adult ,Sex Distribution ,Settore MED/42 - IGIENE GENERALE E APPLICATA ,030304 developmental biology ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,0303 health sciences ,Smoking pipe ,education.field_of_study ,80 and over Female Head and Neck Neoplasms/*epidemiology Humans Male Middle Aged Odds Ratio Risk Factors Sex Distribution Smoking/*epidemiology Socioeconomic Factors Young Adult ,business.industry ,Head and neck cancer ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Adolescent Adult Age Distribution Aged Aged ,Confidence interval ,3. Good health ,Surgery ,Socioeconomic Factors ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,business ,Systematic Reviews and Meta- and Pooled Analyses ,Demography - Abstract
Wyss, Annah Hashibe, Mia Chuang, Shu-Chun Lee, Yuan-Chin Amy Zhang, Zuo-Feng Yu, Guo-Pei Winn, Deborah M Wei, Qingyi Talamini, Renato Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Neonila Sturgis, Erich M Smith, Elaine Shangina, Oxana Schwartz, Stephen M Schantz, Stimson Rudnai, Peter Purdue, Mark P Eluf-Neto, Jose Muscat, Joshua Morgenstern, Hal Michaluart, Pedro Jr Menezes, Ana Matos, Elena Mates, Ioan Nicolae Lissowska, Jolanta Levi, Fabio Lazarus, Philip La Vecchia, Carlo Koifman, Sergio Herrero, Rolando Hayes, Richard B Franceschi, Silvia Wunsch-Filho, Victor Fernandez, Leticia Fabianova, Eleonora Daudt, Alexander W Dal Maso, Luigino Curado, Maria Paula Chen, Chu Castellsague, Xavier de Carvalho, Marcos Brasilino Cadoni, Gabriella Boccia, Stefania Brennan, Paul Boffetta, Paolo Olshan, Andrew F eng R03 CA113157/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R24 HD041025/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ T32-CA09330/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ T32ES007018/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ Meta-Analysis Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural 2013/07/03 06:00 Am J Epidemiol. 2013 Sep 1;178(5):679-90. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwt029. Epub 2013 Jun 30.; International audience; Cigar and pipe smoking are considered risk factors for head and neck cancers, but the magnitude of effect estimates for these products has been imprecisely estimated. By using pooled data from the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) Consortium (comprising 13,935 cases and 18,691 controls in 19 studies from 1981 to 2007), we applied hierarchical logistic regression to more precisely estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for cigarette, cigar, and pipe smoking separately, compared with reference groups of those who had never smoked each single product. Odds ratios for cigar and pipe smoking were stratified by ever cigarette smoking. We also considered effect estimates of smoking a single product exclusively versus never having smoked any product (reference group). Among never cigarette smokers, the odds ratio for ever cigar smoking was 2.54 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.93, 3.34), and the odds ratio for ever pipe smoking was 2.08 (95% CI: 1.55, 2.81). These odds ratios increased with increasing frequency and duration of smoking (Ptrend
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- 2013
31. Mary McLeod Bethune's 'Last Will and Testament': A Legacy for Race Vindication
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Elaine M. Smith
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White (horse) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Will and testament ,Gender studies ,General Medicine ,Power (social and political) ,Faith ,Dignity ,Politics ,Law ,Conviction ,Sociology ,Ideology ,media_common - Abstract
After the impressive 1926 Convention of the National Association of Colored Women (NACW) in Oakland, California, an enthusiast referring to the delegates wrote, "Their luggage, consisting of expensive and durable suitcases, bags, overnight bags of all forms and sizes, did credit to good taste and common sense."(1) While non-contemporaries may think such a baggage observation irrelevant, it was tied into NACW members' desire "to furnish evidence of the moral, mental, and material progress made by people of color..." In fact, they enshrined this purpose into the preamble to their 1897 constitution and reaffirmed it almost thirty years later.(2) In other words, black women's most notable secular organization of that period had taken on the task of vindicating the race. Such an objective was virtually a reflex response, not only for its members, but especially among educated blacks throughout the country. It sprang from white America cursing people of African descent with assumed inferiority and using its crushing power to enforce economic, political, social, and educational discrimination and segregation. Long before affiliating with the NACW, Mary McLeod Bethune (1875-1955) fully imbibed the imperative to justify the values and accomplishments of African-Americans. She became a national heroine in part because she did this well. So well in fact, that she is considered by many the most influential black woman in American history whose impact was comparable to that of Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington, W. E. B. DuBois, and Martin Luther King Jr.(3) Her odyssey from the obscurity of the South Carolina cotton fields to celebrated achievements in education, government, and women's organizations is the stuff of legend. Essentially an activist, rather than an intellectual or probing social commentator, Bethune's life presented her primary proof of the worthiness of the race. Before death at age 79, she scrutinized her life to distill the principles and policies which had led to her personal success. The result was "My Last Will and Testament," her most thoughtful and popular written work.(4) From a career of mentoring and moving ahead in a racist society, Bethune identifies in this literary document nine maxims which undergirded her quest for freedom. Introducing each with "I leave you," they are love, hope, developing confidence in one another, education, using power, faith, racial dignity, living harmoniously, and a responsibility to young people. A true reflection of Bethune, "My Last Will" attests in particular to the author's remarkable balance.(5) It blends "faith and works" or the spiritual and pragmatic. It expresses surging optimism and hard-nosed reality; concern for leaders and the masses. But the incorporation of both ends of the ideological spectrum is especially evident in the conviction that black empowerment derives dialectically from enhancement within and without the race. For Bethune, both integrationist and nationalist (or self-determinist) approaches were imperative for equality. All nine principles carry an intra-group thrust, as was to be expected. But within them, four carry an interracial mandate as well. These are love, developing confidence in one another, racial dignity, and living harmoniously. The Testament's postulates imply that Bethune vindicated the race on the basis of three ideological positions. African-Americans possess the spiritual attributes of character at the core of society's spiritual ideals, especially the attributes of hope, faith, and love. African-Americans subscribe to society's essential cultural emphases, namely education, a responsibility to young people, and respect for the uses of power. And as America's most challenged ethnic minority, African-Americans understand the elements needed for an abundant life, including living harmoniously with others, developing confidence in each other, and maintaining racial dignity. These views vindicated the race by placing it in the ideological mainstream despite the unique difficulties and frustrations Africans Americans faced in realizing the American Dream. …
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- 1996
32. Complex Etiology Underlies Risk and Survival in Head and Neck Cancer Human Papillomavirus, Tobacco, and Alcohol: A Case for Multifactor Disease
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Michael Pawlita, Lubomir P. Turek, Thomas H. Haugen, Elaine M. Smith, and Linda M. Rubenstein
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Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Article Subject ,business.industry ,Head and neck cancer ,Cancer ,virus diseases ,Alcohol ,Disease ,lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,medicine.disease ,lcsh:RC254-282 ,Tumor site ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Etiology ,Risk factor ,Human papillomavirus ,business ,Research Article - Abstract
Findings are inconsistent about whether tobacco, alcohol, and human papillomavirus (HPV) are two independent HNC risk factor groups that distinguish an infection-associated cancer from a tobacco/alcohol-associated HNC. We found that cancer in the oral cavity risk was greater in HPV-E6/E7 seropositive/heavy tobacco users (adjusted OR = 3.5) than in HPV-seronegative/heavy tobacco users (adjusted OR = 1.4); and HPV-seropositive/heavy alcohol users (adjusted OR = 9.8) had greater risk than HPV-seronegative/heavy alcohol users (adjusted OR = 3.1). In contrast, the risk of oropharyngeal cancer was greater in the HPV-seronegative/heavy tobacco (adjusted OR = 11.0) than in HPV-seropositive/heavy tobacco (adjusted OR = 4.7) users and greater in HPV-seronegative/heavy alcohol users (adjusted OR = 24.3) compared to HPV-seropositive/heavy alcohol users (adjusted OR = 8.5). Disease-specific and recurrence-free adjusted survival were significantly worse in oropharyngeal HPV-seronegative cases with no survival differences by HPV status seen in oral cavity cases. The association between tobacco/alcohol, HPV, and tumor site is complex. There appear to be distinct tumor site differences in the combined exposure risks, suggesting that different molecular pathways are involved.
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- 2012
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33. Human papillomavirus serologic follow-up response and relationship to survival in head and neck cancer: a case-comparison study
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Michael Pawlita, Thomas H. Haugen, Elaine M. Smith, Eva Hamsikova, Linda M. Rubenstein, and Lubomir P. Turek
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Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,lcsh:RC254-282 ,Gastroenterology ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Serology ,head and neck neoplasms ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Human papillomavirus ,human papillomavirus ,Head and neck ,HPV-16 E6/E7 ,biology ,business.industry ,Head and neck cancer ,Case comparison ,Cancer ,lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Diseases ,Oncology ,Tropical medicine ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Antibody ,business ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus high risk (HPV-HR) type 16 is a significant risk factor for head and neck cancers (HNC) independent of tobacco and alcohol. The purpose of this study was to determine whether antibody levels to the HPV-16 oncoproteins E6 and E7 measured in sera collected at baseline (BL) prior to treatment and at two post-treatment follow-up (FU) visits were associated with HNC risk factors or prognosis. Methods Presence of antibodies to HPV-16 E6 and E7 was evaluated in 109 newly diagnosed HNC cases with BL and FU blood samples, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results HPV-16 E6 and/or E7 seropositive HNC cases were associated with higher risk in younger patients (≤ 55 years), more sexual partners (≥ 10), oropharyngeal cancer, worse stage at diagnosis, poorer grade, and nodal involvement. Between BL and FU (median = 8.3 months), there were decreased antibody levels for seropositive E6 (73% vs. 27%, p = 0.02) and seropositive E7 patients (65% vs. 35%, p = 0.09) with 5% of BL E6 and 35% of BL E7 seropositive patients converting to negative status at FU. Overall mortality (OM) was significantly worse among BL E6 seronegative patients than among BL seropositive patients (40.2% vs.13.6%, p = 0.01). There were no disease specific (DS) deaths among BL E6 seropositive vs. 24% in BL E6 seronegative patients (p = 0.01). BL E7 seronegative patients also had higher mortality than BL seropositive patients (OM: 38.2% vs. 20.0%, p = 0.04; DS: 22.5% vs. 5.6%, p = 0.07). Conclusion These findings are the first to follow post-treatment OD levels of HPV-16 E6 and E7 in HNC and suggest that these HPV antibodies may be potential prognostic markers of survival in HNC patients.
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- 2011
34. An examination of male and female odds ratios by BMI, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption for cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx in pooled data from 15 case-control studies
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Paul Brennan, Jay H. Lubin, Elaine M. Smith, Dana Mates, Eleonora Fabianova, Neonilia Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Alexander W. Daudt, Mia M. Gaudet, Rolando Herrero, Victor Wünsch-Filho, Mark P. Purdue, Philip Lazarus, Hal Morgenstern, Silvia Franceschi, Peter Rudnai, Jolanta Lissowska, Xavier Castellsagué, Paolo Boffetta, Luigino Dal Maso, Karl T. Kelsey, Elena Matos, Erich M. Sturgis, Fabio Levi, Oxana Shangina, Joshua E. Muscat, Ana M. B. Menezes, José Eluf Neto, Stephen M. Schwartz, Maria Paula Curado, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Deborah M. Winn, Andrew F. Olshan, Carlo La Vecchia, Thangarajan Rajkumar, Richard B. Hayes, Sergio Koifman, Renato Talamini, Qingyi Wei, Leticia Fernandez, Mia Hashibe, Michael D. McClean, Chu Chen, Lubin, J.H., Muscat, J., Gaudet, M.M., Olshan, A.F., Curado, M.P., Dal Maso, L., Wünsch-Filho, V., Sturgis, E.M., Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N., Castellsague, X., Zhang, Z.-F., Smith, E., Fernandez, L., Matos, E., Franceschi, S., Fabianova, E., Rudnai, P., Purdue, M.P., Mates, D., Wei, Q., Herrero, R., Kelsey, K., Morgenstern, H., Shangina, O., Koifman, S., Lissowska, J., Levi, F., Daudt, A.W., Neto, J.E., Chen, C., Lazarus, P., Winn, D.M., Schwartz, S.M., Boffetta, P., Brennan, P., Menezes, A., Vecchia, C.L., McClean, M., Talamini, R., Rajkumar, T., Hayes, R.B., and Hashibe, M.
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ratio ,Larynx ,Male ,pharynx ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Alcohol Drinking ,cigarette smoking ,Dentistry ,Article ,Body Mass Index ,BMI ,oral ,Sex Factors ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Epidemiology ,Odds Ratio ,cancer ,Medicine ,Humans ,Mass index ,Laryngeal Neoplasms ,larynx ,Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms ,odd ,alcohol ,business.industry ,Pharynx ,Smoking ,Case-control study ,Odds ratio ,Oropharyngeal Neoplasms ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,Case-Control Studies ,Female ,Mouth Neoplasms ,business ,Alcohol consumption ,Body mass index ,case-control - Abstract
Background: Greater tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption and lower body mass index (BMI) increase odds ratios (OR) for oral cavity, oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and laryngeal cancers; however, there are no comprehensive sex-specific comparisons of ORs for these factors. Methods: We analyzed 2,441 oral cavity (925 women and 1,516 men), 2,297 oropharynx (564 women and 1,733 men), 508 hypopharynx (96 women and 412 men), and 1,740 larynx (237 women and 1,503 men) cases from the INHANCE consortium of 15 head and neck cancer case-control studies. Controls numbered from 7,604 to 13,829 subjects, depending on analysis. Analyses fitted linear-exponential excess ORs models. Results: ORs were increased in underweight (
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- 2011
35. Sequence variants and the risk of head and neck cancer: Pooled analysis in the INHANCE consortium
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Shu-Chun eChuang, Antonio eAgudo, Wolfgang eAhrens, Devasena eAnantharaman, Simone eBenhamou, Stefania eBoccia, Chu eChen, David eConway, Eleonora eFabianova, Richard B. Hayes, Claire eHealy, Ivana eHolcatova, Kristina eKjaerheim, Pagona eLagiou, Philip eLazarus, Tatiana V. Macfarlane, Manoj eMahimkar, Dana eMates, Keitaro eMatsuo, Franco eMerletti, Andres eMetspalu, Hal eMorgenstern, Joshua eMuscat, Gabriella eCadoni, Andrew F. Olshan, Mark ePurdue, Heribert eRamroth, Péter eRudnai, Stephen M. Schwartz, Lorenzo eSimonato, Elaine M Smith, Erich M. Sturgis, Neonila eSzeszenia-Dabrowska, Renato eTalamini, Peter eThomsom, Qingyi eWei, David eZaridze, Zuo-Feng eZhang, Ariana eZnaor, Paul eBrennan, Paolo eBoffetta, Mia eHashibe, Chuang, S.-C., Agudo, A., Ahrens, W., Anantharaman, D., Benhamou, S., Boccia, S., Chen, C., Conway, D.I., Fabianova, E., Hayes, R.B., Healy, C.M., Holcatova, I., Kjaerheim, K., Lagiou, P., Lazarus, P., Macfarlane, T.V., Mahimkar, M.B., Mates, D., Matsuo, K., Merletti, F., Metspalu, A., Morgenstern, H., Muscat, J., Cadoni, G., Olshan, A.F., Purdue, M., Ramroth, H., Rudnai, P., Schwartz, S.M., Simonato, L., Smith, E.M., Sturgis, E.M., Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N., Talamini, R., Thomson, P., Wei, Q., Zaridze, D., Zhang, Z.-F., Znaor, A., Brennan, P., Boffetta, P., and Hashibe, M.
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Oncology ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,INHANCE ,SNP ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,consortium ,Bioinformatics ,Logistic regression ,lcsh:RC254-282 ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Epidemiology ,Sequence ,medicine ,cancer ,030304 developmental biology ,Original Research ,risk ,0303 health sciences ,Settore MED/06 - ONCOLOGIA MEDICA ,business.industry ,Head and neck cancer ,ADH1B ,Odds ratio ,head ,lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,medicine.disease ,neck ,Confidence interval ,3. Good health ,variant ,Pooled analysi ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,head and neck cancer ,business - Abstract
Previous molecular epidemiological studies on head and neck cancer have examined various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), but there are very few documented associations. In the International head and neck cancer epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium, we evaluated associations between SNPs in the metabolism, cell cycle, and DNA repair pathways and the risk of head and neck cancer. We analyzed individual-level pooled data from 14 European, North American, Central American, and Asia case-control studies (5,915 head and neck cancer cases and 10,644 controls) participating in the INHANCE consortium. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for SNP effects, adjusting for age, sex, race, and country. We observed an association between head and neck cancer risk and MGMT Leu84Phe heterozygotes (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.68-0.93), XRCC1 Arg194Trp homozygotes Arg/Arg (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.1-4.7), ADH1B Arg48His homozygotes Arg/Arg (OR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.9-4.0), ADH1C Ile350Val homozygotes Ile/Ile (OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.1-1.4), and the GSTM1 null genotype (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 1.0-1.2). Among these results, MGMT Leu84Phe, ADH1B Arg48His, ADH1C Ile350Arg, and the GSTM1 null genotype had fairly low false positive report probabilities (
- Published
- 2011
36. Cancer treatment negatively impacts anti-mullerian hormone in pediatric and adolescent females
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Donna A. Santillan, Mark K. Santillan, Diedre Fleener, A.J. Hubb, Barbara J. Stegmann, Stephen K. Hunter, J.L. de la Garza, Elaine M. Smith, and Lisa Marii Cookingham
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology ,Reproductive Medicine ,biology ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Anti-Müllerian hormone ,business ,Cancer treatment - Published
- 2014
37. Maternal serum anti-mullerian hormone levels in early pregnancy are associated with preterm birth
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Donna A. Santillan, Mark K. Santillan, Barbara J. Stegmann, Elaine M. Smith, and Benjamin Leader
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Reproductive Medicine ,biology ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,biology.protein ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Medicine ,Early pregnancy factor ,Anti-Müllerian hormone ,business - Published
- 2014
38. Human papillomavirus, p16 and p53 expression associated with survival of head and neck cancer
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Lubomir P. Turek, Henry T. Hoffman, Linda M. Rubenstein, Elaine M. Smith, and Thomas H. Haugen
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Oncology ,Cancer Research ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Poor prognosis ,Epidemiology ,lcsh:RC254-282 ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Molecular marker ,Medicine ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Human papillomavirus ,P53 expression ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,business.industry ,Hazard ratio ,Head and neck cancer ,lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,Infectious Diseases ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Immunohistochemistry ,Biomarker (medicine) ,business ,Research Article - Abstract
Background P16 and p53 protein expression, and high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV-HR) types have been associated with survival in head and neck cancer (HNC). Evidence suggests that multiple molecular pathways need to be targeted to improve the poor prognosis of HNC. This study examined the individual and joint effects of tumor markers for differences in predicting HNC survival. P16 and p53 expression were detected from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues by immunohistochemical staining. HPV DNA was detected by PCR and DNA sequencing in 237 histologically confirmed HNC patients. Results Overexpression of p16 (p16+) and p53 (p53+) occurred in 38% and 48% of HNC tumors, respectively. HPV-HR was detected in 28% of tumors. Worse prognosis was found in tumors that were p53+ (disease-specific mortality: adjusted hazard ratios, HR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.04-3.4) or HPV- (overall survival: adj. HR = 2.1, 1.1-4.3) but no association in survival was found by p16 status. Compared to the molecular marker group with the best prognosis (p16+/p53-/HPV-HR: referent), the p16-/p53+/HPV- group had the lowest overall survival (84% vs. 60%, p < 0.01; HR = 4.1, 1.7-9.9) and disease-specific survival (86% vs. 66%, p < 0.01; HR = 4.0, 1.5-10.7). Compared to the referent, the HRs of the other six joint biomarker groups ranged from 1.6-3.4 for overall mortality and 0.9-3.9 for disease-specific mortality. Conclusion The p16/p53/HPV joint groups showed greater distinction in clinical outcomes compared to results based on the individual biomarkers alone. This finding suggests that assessing multiple molecular markers in HNC patients will better predict the diverse outcomes and potentially the type of treatment targeted to those markers.
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- 2010
39. Sexual behaviours and the risk of head and neck cancers: a pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium
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Mia Hashibe, Michael D. McClean, José Eluf-Neto, Salvatore Vaccarella, Agnieszka Pilarska, Julien Berthiller, Elena Matos, Alexander W. Daudt, Julia E. Heck, Chu Chen, Mark P. Purdue, Ana Maria Menezes, Sergio Koifman, Xavier Castellsagué, Stephen M. Schwartz, Oxana Shangina, Elaine M. Smith, Silvia Franceschi, Richard B. Hayes, Rolando Herrero, Maria Paula Curado, Karl T. Kelsey, Paul Brennan, Leticia Fernandez, Gilles Ferro, Paolo Boffetta, Deborah M. Winn, Victor Wünsch-Filho, Heck, J.E., Berthiller, J., Vaccarella, S., Winn, D.M., Smith, E.M., Shan'gina, O., Schwartz, S.M., Purdue, M.P., Pilarska, A., Eluf-Neto, J.E., Menezes, A., McClean, M.D., Matos, E., Koifman, S., Kelsey, K.T., Herrero, R., Hayes, R.B., Franceschi, S., Wünsch-Filho, V.W., Fernández, L., Daudt, A.W., Curado, M.P., Chen, C., Castellsague, X., Ferro, G., Brennan, P., Boffetta, P., Hashibe, M., International Prevention Research Institute (IPRI), The Tisch Cancer Institute, and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM)
- Subjects
head neck cancer ,Male ,Epidemiology ,Health Behavior ,Human sexuality ,0302 clinical medicine ,Odds Ratio ,risk factors ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Homosexuality ,Cancer ,media_common ,education.field_of_study ,Statistics ,HPV infection ,Age Factors ,virus diseases ,Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,3. Good health ,Infectious Diseases ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Public Health and Health Services ,Female ,oropharyngeal neoplasms ,pooled analyses ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Sexual Behavior ,Population ,Sexual behaviour ,03 medical and health sciences ,Adult Age Factors Aged Case-Control Studies Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) Female Head and Neck Neoplasms/complications/*epidemiology Health Behavior Humans Male Middle Aged Odds Ratio Papillomavirus Infections/complications/*epidemiology Sexual Behavior/*statistics & numerical data Socioeconomic Factors ,medicine ,Humans ,homosexual ,Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease ,Risk factor ,education ,Aged ,gay men ,Gynecology ,Sexual practices ,Epidemiologic ,business.industry ,Head and neck cancer ,Papillomavirus Infections ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Confounding Factors ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Case-Control Studies ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,head and neck cancer ,business - Abstract
Heck, Julia E Berthiller, Julien Vaccarella, Salvatore Winn, Deborah M Smith, Elaine M Shan'gina, Oxana Schwartz, Stephen M Purdue, Mark P Pilarska, Agnieszka Eluf-Neto, Jose Menezes, Ana McClean, Michael D Matos, Elena Koifman, Sergio Kelsey, Karl T Herrero, Rolando Hayes, Richard B Franceschi, Silvia Wunsch-Filho, Victor Fernandez, Leticia Daudt, Alexander W Curado, Maria Paula Chen, Chu Castellsague, Xavier Ferro, Gilles Brennan, Paul Boffetta, Paolo Hashibe, Mia eng CA100679/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ CA78609/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01 CA100679-08/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01CA048896/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01DE012609/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ R01DE11979/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ R01DE13110/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ R03CA113157/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ TW01500/TW/FIC NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. England 2009/12/22 06:00 Int J Epidemiol. 2010 Feb;39(1):166-81. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyp350. Epub 2009 Dec 18.; International audience; BACKGROUND: Sexual contact may be the means by which head and neck cancer patients are exposed to human papillomavirus (HPV). METHODS: We undertook a pooled analysis of four population-based and four hospital-based case-control studies from the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium, with participants from Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, India, Italy, Spain, Poland, Puerto Rico, Russia and the USA. The study included 5642 head and neck cancer cases and 6069 controls. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) of associations between cancer and specific sexual behaviours, including practice of oral sex, number of lifetime sexual partners and oral sex partners, age at sexual debut, a history of same-sex contact and a history of oral-anal contact. Findings were stratified by sex and disease subsite. RESULTS: Cancer of the oropharynx was associated with having a history of six or more lifetime sexual partners [OR = 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01, 1.54] and four or more lifetime oral sex partners (OR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.42, 3.58). Cancer of the tonsil was associated with four or more lifetime oral sex partners (OR = 3.36, 95 % CI 1.32, 8.53), and, among men, with ever having oral sex (OR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.09, 2.33) and with an earlier age at sexual debut (OR = 2.36, 95% CI 1.37, 5.05). Cancer of the base of the tongue was associated with ever having oral sex among women (OR = 4.32, 95% CI 1.06, 17.6), having two sexual partners in comparison with only one (OR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.19, 3.46) and, among men, with a history of same-sex sexual contact (OR = 8.89, 95% CI 2.14, 36.8). CONCLUSIONS: Sexual behaviours are associated with cancer risk at the head and neck cancer subsites that have previously been associated with HPV infection.
- Published
- 2010
40. Cessation of alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking and the reversal of head and neck cancer risk
- Author
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Henrik Møller, Victor Wünsch-Filho, Simone Benhamou, Carlo La Vecchia, Xavier Castellsagué, David Zaridze, Neonila Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Michael D. McClean, Gabriella Cadoni, Alexander W. Daudt, Mark P. Purdue, Richard B. Hayes, Renato Talamini, Stephen M. Schwartz, Deborah M. Winn, Stefania Boccia, Leticia Fernandez, Julien Berthiller, Mia Hashibe, Qingyi Wei, Peter Rudnai, Gilles Ferro, Hal Morgenstern, José Eluf-Neto, Jolanta Lissowska, Joshua E. Muscat, Elaine M. Smith, Chu Chen, Fabio Levi, Philip Lazarus, Paolo Boffetta, Maria Paula Curado, Andrew F. Olshan, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Ioan Nicolae Mates, Rolando Herrero, Manuela Marron, Sergio Koifman, Karl T. Kelsey, Luigino Dal Maso, Ana M. B. Menezes, Elena Matos, Silvia Franceschi, Erich M. Sturgis, Paul Brennan, Eleonora Fabianova, Marron, M., Boffetta, P., Zhang, Z.-F., Zaridze, D., Wünsch-Filho, V., Winn, D.M., Wei, Q., Talamini, R., Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N., Sturgis, E.M., Smith, E., Schwartz, S.M., Rudnai, P., Purdue, M.P., Olshan, A.F., Eluf-Neto, J., Muscat, J., Morgenstern, H., Menezes, A., McClean, M., Matos, E., Mates, I.N., Lissowska, J., Levi, F., Lazarus, P., La Vecchia, C., Koifman, S., Kelsey, K., Herrero, R., Hayes, R.B., Franceschi, S., Fernandez, L., Fabianova, E., Daudt, A.W., Dal Maso, L., Curado, M.P., Cadoni, G., Chen, C., Castellsague, X., Boccia, S., Benhamou, S., Ferro, G., Berthiller, J., Brennan, P., Møller, H., and Hashibe, M.
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Risk ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Alcohol Drinking ,Epidemiology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Sex Factors ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Risk factor ,tobacco smoking ,Settore MED/42 - IGIENE GENERALE E APPLICATA ,Aged ,Cancer ,business.industry ,Head and neck cancer ,Age Factors ,General Medicine ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,Surgery ,Cessation alcohol drinking tobacco smoking reversal head neck cancer risk ,cessation ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,Smoking cessation ,head and neck cancer ,Female ,Smoking Cessation ,business ,Risk assessment ,Risk Reduction Behavior - Abstract
Background: Quitting tobacco or alcohol use has been reported to reduce the head and neck cancer risk in previous studies. However, it is unclear how many years must pass following cessation of these habits before the risk is reduced, and whether the risk ultimately declines to the level of never smokers or never drinkers. Methods: We pooled individual-level data from case-control studies in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium. Data were available from 13 studies on drinking cessation (9167 cases and 12 593 controls), and from 17 studies on smoking cessation (12 040 cases and 16 884 controls). We estimated the effect of quitting smoking and drinking on the risk of head and neck cancer and its subsites, by calculating odds ratios (ORs) using logistic regression models. Results: Quitting tobacco smoking for 1-4 years resulted in a head and neck cancer risk reduction [OR 0.70, confidence interval (CI) 0.61-0.81 compared with current smoking], with the risk reduction due to smoking cessation after =20 years (OR 0.23, CI 0.18-0.31), reaching the level of never smokers. For alcohol use, a beneficial effect on the risk of head and neck cancer was only observed after =20 years of quitting (OR 0.60, CI 0.40-0.89 compared with current drinking), reaching the level of never drinkers. Conclusions: Our results support that cessation of tobacco smoking and cessation of alcohol drinking protect against the development of head and neck cancer. © The Author 2009; all rights reserved. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association.
- Published
- 2009
41. Dominant-Negative CK2α Induces Potent Effects on Circadian Rhythmicity
- Author
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Ravi Allada, Jui Ming Lin, Elaine M. Smith, and Rose Anne Meissner
- Subjects
Male ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:QH426-470 ,Circadian clock ,Mutation, Missense ,Biology ,Animals, Genetically Modified ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Negative feedback ,Internal medicine ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Circadian rhythm ,Transgenes ,Phosphorylation ,Casein Kinase II ,Molecular Biology ,Genetics (clinical) ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Alleles ,030304 developmental biology ,G alpha subunit ,Genes, Dominant ,Feedback, Physiological ,Neurons ,0303 health sciences ,Chronobiology ,Genetics and Genomics ,Immunohistochemistry ,Bacterial circadian rhythms ,Circadian Rhythm ,lcsh:Genetics ,Endocrinology ,Light effects on circadian rhythm ,Insect Proteins ,Drosophila ,Casein kinase 2 ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Research Article ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Circadian clocks organize the precise timing of cellular and behavioral events. In Drosophila, circadian clocks consist of negative feedback loops in which the clock component PERIOD (PER) represses its own transcription. PER phosphorylation is a critical step in timing the onset and termination of this feedback. The protein kinase CK2 has been linked to circadian timing, but the importance of this contribution is unclear; it is not certain where and when CK2 acts to regulate circadian rhythms. To determine its temporal and spatial functions, a dominant negative mutant of the catalytic alpha subunit, CK2αTik, was targeted to circadian neurons. Behaviorally, CK2αTik induces severe period lengthening (∼33 h), greater than nearly all known circadian mutant alleles, and abolishes detectable free-running behavioral rhythmicity at high levels of expression. CK2αTik, when targeted to a subset of pacemaker neurons, generates period splitting, resulting in flies exhibiting both long and near 24-h periods. These behavioral effects are evident even when CK2αTik expression is induced only during adulthood, implicating an acute role for CK2α function in circadian rhythms. CK2αTik expression results in reduced PER phosphorylation, delayed nuclear entry, and dampened cycling with elevated trough levels of PER. Heightened trough levels of per transcript accompany increased protein levels, suggesting that CK2αTik disturbs negative feedback of PER on its own transcription. Taken together, these in vivo data implicate a central role of CK2α function in timing PER negative feedback in adult circadian neurons., Author Summary The molecular mechanism that governs organization of physiology and behavior into 24-h rhythms is a conserved transcriptional feedback process that is strikingly similar across distinct phyla. Notably, cyclic phosphorylation of negative feedback regulators is critical to time molecular rhythms. Indeed, mutation of a putative phosphoacceptor site in the human PERIOD2 gene, a key negative regulator, is associated with Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome. This study reveals a critical role for the protein kinase CK2 for setting the period of behavioral and molecular oscillations in Drosophila. Circadian phenotypes due to CK2 disruption are due to a direct requirement in adult circadian pacemakers. These findings further demonstrate that CK2 modification of the negative feedback regulator PERIOD alters its cyclical phosphorylation, protein abundance, nuclear translocation, and transcriptional repression activity. These studies place CK2 as a central kinase in circadian timing.
- Published
- 2008
42. Fundamental differences in cell cycle deregulation in human papillomavirus-positive and human papillomavirus-negative head/neck and cervical cancers
- Author
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Michael A. Newton, Craig D. Woodworth, Lubomir P. Turek, Paul Ahlquist, Joseph P. Connor, Johan A. den Boon, Elaine M. Smith, Dohun Pyeon, Paul F. Lambert, Karl T. Kelsey, Srikumar Sengupta, Carmen J. Marsit, and Thomas H. Haugen
- Subjects
Human Papillomavirus Positive ,Adult ,Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ,Cancer Research ,Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ,Article ,medicine ,Humans ,RNA, Messenger ,Papillomaviridae ,Laser capture microdissection ,Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ,Cervical cancer ,biology ,Genome, Human ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Cell Cycle ,Papillomavirus Infections ,Cancer ,Human Papillomavirus Negative ,virus diseases ,Epithelial Cells ,Cell cycle ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,Up-Regulation ,Gene expression profiling ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Oncology ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,Immunology ,Cancer research ,Female - Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are associated with nearly all cervical cancers, 20% to 30% of head and neck cancers (HNC), and other cancers. Because HNCs also arise in HPV-negative patients, this type of cancer provides unique opportunities to define similarities and differences of HPV-positive versus HPV-negative cancers arising in the same tissue. Here, we describe genome-wide expression profiling of 84 HNCs, cervical cancers, and site-matched normal epithelial samples in which we used laser capture microdissection to enrich samples for tumor-derived versus normal epithelial cells. This analysis revealed that HPV+ HNCs and cervical cancers differed in their patterns of gene expression yet shared many changes compared with HPV− HNCs. Some of these shared changes were predicted, but many others were not. Notably, HPV+ HNCs and cervical cancers were found to be up-regulated in their expression of a distinct and larger subset of cell cycle genes than that observed in HPV− HNC. Moreover, HPV+ cancers overexpressed testis-specific genes that are normally expressed only in meiotic cells. Many, although not all, of the hallmark differences between HPV+ HNC and HPV− HNC were a direct consequence of HPV and in particular the viral E6 and E7 oncogenes. This included a novel association of HPV oncogenes with testis-specific gene expression. These findings in primary human tumors provide novel biomarkers for early detection of HPV+ and HPV− cancers, and emphasize the potential value of targeting E6 and E7 function, alone or combined with radiation and/or traditional chemotherapy, in the treatment of HPV+ cancers. [Cancer Res 2007;67(10):4605–19]
- Published
- 2007
43. Changes in antimüllerian hormone levels in early pregnancy are associated with preterm birth
- Author
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Donna A. Santillan, Elaine M. Smith, Benjamin Leader, Mark K. Santillan, and Barbara J. Stegmann
- Subjects
Adult ,Anti-Mullerian Hormone ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Aneuploidy ,Early pregnancy factor ,Article ,Young Adult ,Pregnancy ,Second trimester ,Prenatal Diagnosis ,medicine ,Humans ,Retrospective Studies ,Antimullerian Hormone ,Gynecology ,biology ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,Weight change ,Multiple of the median ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,medicine.disease ,Prenatal screening ,Reproductive Medicine ,Case-Control Studies ,biology.protein ,Premature Birth ,Female ,business ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Objective To determine the association of preterm birth with antimullerian hormone (AMH) levels both in isolation and in combination with other markers of fetoplacental health commonly measured during integrated prenatal screening (IPS) for aneuploidy. Design Retrospective case-control study. Setting Not applicable. Patient(s) Pregnant women in Iowa who elected to undergo IPS and who subsequently delivered in Iowa, including women giving birth at Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Probability of a preterm birth. Result(s) Second trimester AMH levels were not associated with preterm birth, either independently or after controlling for other markers of fetoplacental health. The AMH difference was not associated with preterm birth when modeled alone, but a statistically significant association was found after adjusting for maternal serum α-fetoprotein (MSAFP) and maternal weight change between the first and second trimesters. After stratifying the model by MSAFP level, most of the risk for preterm birth was identified in women with an MSAFP >1 multiple of the median and who had a stable or rising AMH level in early pregnancy. Conclusion(s) A lack of decline in the AMH level in early pregnancy can be used to identify women with a high probability for preterm birth, especially when MSAFP levels are >1 multiple of the median. Monitoring changes in the AMH level between the first and second trimesters of pregnancy may help identify women who would benefit from interventional therapies such as supplemental progesterone.
- Published
- 2015
44. HPV prevalence and concordance in the cervix and oral cavity of pregnant women
- Author
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Thomas H. Haugen, D. Wang, Justine M. Ritchie, L. P. Turek, Elaine M. Smith, and Jerome Yankowitz
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,viruses ,Concordance ,Immunoblotting ,Dermatology ,Cervix Uteri ,lcsh:Gynecology and obstetrics ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Pregnancy ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,medicine ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Sex organ ,Papillomaviridae ,Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ,Cervix ,lcsh:RG1-991 ,Gynecology ,Vaginal Smears ,Mouth ,biology ,Obstetrics ,Transmission (medicine) ,business.industry ,Papillomavirus Infections ,HPV infection ,virus diseases ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Delivery, Obstetric ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,Infectious Diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Sexual Partners ,DNA, Viral ,Gestation ,Female ,business ,Research Article - Abstract
Objectives:This investigation examined human papillomavirus (HPV) in pregnant women in order to characterize viral prevalence, types and concordance between infection in the cervix and in the oral cavity.Methods:A total of 577 pregnant women seeking routine obstetric care were evaluated for HPV infection in their cervix during gestation and immediately before delivery, and in the oral cavity during gestation. Male partners present during the gestational clinic visit also provided a specimen from their oral cavity. HPV assessment was performed by PCR, dot blot hybridization and DNA sequencing. A sexual and health questionnaire was completed by the pregnant women.Results:HPV prevalence in women was 29% in the cervix and 2.4% in the oral cavity. Among those with both gestational and delivery specimens, 35% were infected at least once and 20% had infection at both intervals. At delivery, 68% of infected women had an oncogenic HPV type in the cervix. There was no type-specific HPV concordance between the two cervical specimens, nor cervical and oral results in women, nor with cervical and oral findings between partners.Conclusion:The lack of association in HPV positivity and types between the cervix and oral cavity in these women suggests that self-inoculation is uncommon. This source of infection does not appear to be from oral contact with a current male partner, since there also was no concordance between partners. These results suggest either other modes of HPV transmission or differences in susceptibility to HPV infection or its clearance in the oral cavity and genital mucosa.
- Published
- 2005
45. Human papillomavirus in oral exfoliated cells and risk of head and neck cancer
- Author
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Henry T. Hoffman, Kurt F. Summersgill, Justine M. Ritchie, Elaine M. Smith, Lubomir P. Turek, D. Wang, and Thomas H. Haugen
- Subjects
Oncology ,Adult ,Male ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Alcohol Drinking ,Risk Assessment ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Epidemiology ,Carcinoma ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Risk factor ,Papillomaviridae ,Aged ,Mouth ,business.industry ,Head and neck cancer ,Papillomavirus Infections ,HPV infection ,Case-control study ,virus diseases ,Cancer ,Odds ratio ,Tobacco Use Disorder ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Tumor Virus Infections ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,Case-Control Studies ,DNA, Viral ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Female ,business - Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been associated with the development of head and neck cancers. In this study, we investigated whether the risk factors for head and neck cancer in relation to HPV infection are different from those in the absence of HPV infection and whether HPV detected in oral exfoliated cells is an independent predictor of head and neck cancer risk. Methods: We conducted a case– control study in 201 head and neck cancer case patients and 333 control subjects, frequency matched for age and sex. Oral exfoliated cells and tumor tissue were evaluated for HPV using polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing to type HPV. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for head and neck cancer with HPV infection and 95% confi dence intervals (CIs), adjusted for age, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption. Results: Oncogenic, or high-risk (HR), HPV types were detected in oral cells from 22.9% of case patients and 10.8% of control subjects. HPV16 was the most frequently detected type (19% versus 10% of case patients and control subjects, respectively). After adjusting for age, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption, the risk of head and neck cancer was statistically signifi cantly greater in individuals with HPV-HR types (adjusted OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.5 to 4.2) but not in individuals with nononcogenic HPV types (adjusted OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.4 to 1.7) compared with HPV-negative individuals. Compared with individuals who were HPVnegative and did not use alcohol or tobacco, there was a statistically signifi cant synergistic effect between detection of HPV-HR and heavy alcohol consumption (OR 18.8, 95% CI 5.1 to 69.5) but an additive effect between detection of HPV-HR and tobacco use (OR 5.5, 95% CI 2.1 to 14.1). HPV-HR types detected in oral exfoliated cells were predictive of HPV-HR types in tumor tissue. Conclusion: Infection of oral exfoliated cells with HPV-HR types is a risk factor for head and neck cancer, independent of alcohol and tobacco use, and acts synergistically with alcohol consumption. HPV testing of an oral rinse may be predictive of an HPV-related head and neck cancer. [J Natl Cancer Inst 2004;96:449 –55]
- Published
- 2004
46. Comparison of proposed frameworks for grouping polychlorinated biphenyl congener data applied to a case-control pilot study of prostate cancer
- Author
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Elaine M. Smith, Justine M. Ritchie, Scott L. Vial, Haijun Guo, Larry W. Robertson, Laurence J. Fuortes, and Victoria E. Reedy
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pilot Projects ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Prostate cancer ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Receptor ,General Environmental Science ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Case-control study ,Age Factors ,Polychlorinated biphenyl ,Cancer ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,Environmental exposure ,Environmental Exposure ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Polychlorinated Biphenyls ,Endocrinology ,Congener ,Logistic Models ,chemistry ,Case-Control Studies ,Multivariate Analysis ,Environmental Pollutants ,Hormone - Abstract
Although the commercial synthesis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been banned in the United States for several decades, they are persistent in the environment with exposure mainly being through diet. The biologic and toxic effects of PCBs and their metabolites are due in part to their ability to interact with several cellular and nuclear receptors, thereby altering signaling pathways and gene transcription. These effects include endocrine modulation and disruption. Therefore, the natural history of cancer in tissues expressing these receptors may be modulated by PCB congeners, which are known to have estrogenic, antiestrogenic, and other hormonal effects. Several frameworks for grouping PCB congeners based on these interactions have been proposed. We conducted a hospital-based, case-control pilot study of 58 prostate cancer cases and 99 controls to evaluate the association between the proposed PCB groupings and the risk of prostate cancer. Serum samples were analyzed for a total of 30 PCBs. In multivariate analyses, the odds of prostate cancer among men with the highest concentrations of moderately chlorinated PCBs or PCBs with phenobarbital-like activities (constitutively active receptor (CAR) agonists) was over two times that among men with the lowest concentrations. Increasing trends in risk across the concentration levels were also observed. These results suggest that a higher burden of PCBs that are CAR agonists may be positively associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer and they encourage further research in this area.
- Published
- 2004
47. The influence of fetal sex on patterns of change in anti-Mullerian hormone during pregnancy
- Author
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Donna A. Santillan, Elaine M. Smith, Barbara J. Stegmann, Stephen K. Hunter, Ryan Empey, Mark K. Santillan, and Eric M. Tyler
- Subjects
endocrine system ,History ,Fetus ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pregnancy ,biology ,urogenital system ,business.industry ,Anti-Müllerian hormone ,medicine.disease ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,Computer Science Applications ,Education ,First trimester ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Fetal sex ,embryonic structures ,biology.protein ,medicine ,Gestation ,business ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Hormone - Abstract
Maternal anti-mullerian hormone declines sharply between 13-15 weeks, likely as a result of feto-placental signaling. Fetal AMH levels are known to be widely disparate after the first trimester, with high levels in male and absent levels in female. However, it is unclear as to whether differing fetal AMH levels influence the pattern of change of maternal AMH. Our objective was to examine AMH throughout gestation to determine if the maternal concentration varies according to the gender of the fetus.
- Published
- 2012
48. Case–Control Study of Vulvar Vestibulitis Risk Associated With Genital Infections
- Author
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Justine M. Ritchie, Erica E. Pugh, Rudolph P. Galask, Elaine M. Smith, Jian Jia, and Joan Ricks-McGillan
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Gonorrhea ,Sexually Transmitted Diseases ,Dermatology ,lcsh:Gynecology and obstetrics ,Genital warts ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Risk Factors ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Pelvic inflammatory disease ,Medicine ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,lcsh:RG1-991 ,Vulvar Diseases ,Aged ,Gynecology ,Trichomoniasis ,Chlamydia ,integumentary system ,business.industry ,urogenital system ,Vulvar vestibulitis ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Iowa ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,Infectious Diseases ,Case-Control Studies ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Bacterial vaginosis ,business ,Research Article - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk of vulvar vestibulitis syndrome (VVS) associated with genital infections in a case-control study. METHODS: Diagnosed cases with VVS (n = 69) and age-frequency-matched healthy controls (n = 65) were enrolled from gynecology clinics in a university medical hospital during 1999. They were compared for potential risk factors and symptoms of disease. RESULTS: VVS cases had a significantly higher risk of physician-reported bacterial vaginosis (BV) (odds ratio, OR = 9.4), Candida albicans (OR = 5.7), pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) (OR = 11.2), trichomoniasis (OR = 20.6), and vulvar dysplasia (OR = l5.7) but no risk associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), ASCUS, cervical dysplasia, genital warts, chlamydia, genital herpes or gonorrhea. Genital symptoms reported significantly more often with VVS included vulvar burning (91 vs. 12%), dyspareunia (81 vs. 15%), vulvar itching (68 vs. 23%) and dysuria (54 vs. 19%) (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: A history of genital infections is associated with an increased risk of VVS. Long-term follow-up case-control studies are needed to elucidate etiologic mechanisms, methods for prevention and effective treatment.
- Published
- 2002
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49. Anti-Müllerian Hormone concentration levels in maternal plasma during the first, second and third trimester of pregnancy
- Author
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Kelin Schultz, Barbara J. Stegmann, Bradley J. Van Voorhis, Donna A. Santillan, Mark K. Santillan, and Elaine M. Smith
- Subjects
endocrine system ,History ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pregnancy ,endocrine system diseases ,biology ,urogenital system ,business.industry ,Anti-Müllerian hormone ,Third trimester ,medicine.disease ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,Computer Science Applications ,Education ,First trimester ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Follicular phase ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Gestation ,business ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Hormone - Abstract
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) drops rapidly in pregnancy but Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) has not been shown to drop until about 12 weeks. Since the follicles that secrete AMH are thought to be FSH independent, AMH levels should slowly decline in the absence of FSH because when the follicles reach FSH dependence, they would die off. A study has presented data that suggests a decline in AMH levels suddenly starts at 12 weeks gestation. The present study agrees with a decline in AMH after the first trimester. There is a sharp decline in AMH at 12-16 weeks gestation indicating that the follicular development is actively suppressed, not passively lost because of a drop in FSH. It appears that pregnancy may be a unique situation in regards to AMH.
- Published
- 2011
50. Sexual behaviors and the risk of head and neck cancers
- Author
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Elena Matos, Leticia Fernandez, Deborah M. Winn, Elaine M. Smith, Alexander W. Daudt, Gilles Ferro, Mark P. Purdue, Silvia Franceschi, Karl T. Kelsey, P. Boffetta, C. Chen, Xavier Castellsagué, Ana M. B. Menezes, Maria Paula Curado, V. Wünsch-Filho, Julia E. Heck, Oxana Shangina, Rolando Herrero, Richard B. Hayes, S.M. Schwartz, Mia Hashibe, Salvatore Vaccarella, Julien Berthiller, José Eluf-Neto, Michael D. McClean, P Brennan, and S. Koifman
- Subjects
Oncology ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sexual behavior ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,business ,Head and neck - Published
- 2008
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