Search

The recruitment and development of reviewers for the Academy of Human Resource Development's (AHRD) research journal, "Human Resources Development Quarterly" (HRDQ), was examined at an innovative session of the 2002 AHRD conference. The session was conducted by five members of HRDQ's editorial board. The session objectives were as follows: (1) provide background on HRDQ's content and role in the HRD community; (2) introduce selected members of the editorial board and their relevant roles; (3) allow key members of the editorial board to present what is important in a review; (4) explain the review process and its importance; (5) clarify the existing process and its rationale; (6) offer examples of good and bad reviews and ways of improving reviews; (7) encourage members of both academic and professional arenas to consider the opportunity of becoming an HRDQ reviewer; (8) facilitate a question-and-answer or discussion period; and (9) provide potential reviewers with the HRDQ's general guidelines for manuscript review and the name of a person to contact regarding becoming a reviewer. The innovative session included an introduction to HRDQ, a panel discussion of reviewers' roles and responsibilities, small group discussions of the principles of good reviews, presentation and discussion of the small groups' suggestions, and a wrap-up session. (Contains 8 references) (MN)

The Media Ethics Division section of the proceedings contains the following seven papers: "The Concept of Media Accountability Reconsidered" (Patrick Lee Plaisance); "Of Joint Ventures, Sock Puppets and New Media Synergy: Codes of Ethics and the Emergence of Institutional Conflicts of Interest" (Charles N. Davis and Stephanie Craft); "Constructualist Morality in News Reporting: What Journalists Owe to Story Subjects, News Sources and the Public" (Kathleen L. Mason); "Beyond Kant Lite: Journalists and the Categorical Imperative" (Lee Anne Peck); "Online Media Ethics: A Survey of U.S. Daily Newspaper Editors" (M. David Arant and Janna Quitney Anderson); "Covering the Ethics of Death: An Exploration of Three Model Approaches (David A. Craig); and "Philosophy in the Trenches: How Newspaper Editors approach Ethical Questions" (Patrick Lee Plaisance). (RS)

The Newspaper section of the Proceedings contains the following 14 papers: "Caught in the Web: Newspaper Use of the Internet and Other Online Resources" (Bruce Garrison); "'Powerful' Attributive Verbs and 'Body Language' Statements Revisited" (Sherrie L. Wilson); "Community Journalism at Work: Newspapers Putting More Emphasis on Importance of Local News" (David Kaszuba and Bill Reader); "Local Press Coverage of Environmental Conflict: A Content Analysis of 'The Daily Review,' 1985-1994" (Claire E. Taylor, Jung-Sook Lee, and William R. Davie); "The Impact of Beat Competition on City Hall Coverage" (Stephen Lacy, David C. Coulson, and Charles St. Cyr); "Newspaper Coverage of Medicine: A Survey of Editors and Cardiac Surgeons" (Raymond N. Ankney, Richard A. Moore, and Patricia Heilmann); "Effect of Structural Pluralism and Corporate News Structure on News Source Perceptions of Critical Content" (David K. Demers and Debra L. Merskin); "Handling Hate: A Content Analysis of Washington State's Newspaper Coverage of Hate Crimes and White Supremacists" (Virginia Whitehouse); "Superstars or Second-Class Citizens? Management and Staffing Issues Affecting Newspapers' Online Journalists" (Jane B. Singer, Martha P. Tharp, and Amon Haruta); "50 Years Later: 'What It Means To Miss the Paper': Berelson, Dependency Theory, and Failed Newspaper Delivery" (Clyde Bentley); "Newspaper Omsbudsmanship as Viewed by Omsbudsmen and Their Editors" (Kenneth Starck and Julie Eisele); "Free Trade or Fair Trade?: The U.S. Auto Trade Policy and the Press" (Kuang-Kuo Chang); "Australian Newspaper Gatekeepers: Their Use of Readership Research" (Kerry Philip Green); and "Sources of the Decline in Newspaper Reading: Examining Long-Term Changes by Means of Nonlinear Trend Decomposition" (Wolfram Peiser). (CR)

The Public Relations section of the Proceedings contains the following 13 papers: "Pluralistic Ignorance and Educators in Public Relations: Underestimating Professionalism of Our Educator Peers and of Practitioners in the Field" (Lynne M. Sallot; Glen T. Cameron; Ruth Ann Weaver-Lariscy); "Critical Conflict Issues in Public Relations Agency-Client Relationships" (Pamela G. Bourland-Davis); "Evaluation and Assessment of a Service Learning Component in Academia: A Case Study" (Pamela G. Bourland-Davis and Lisa Fall); "Women in Public Relations: How Their Career Path Decisions Are Shaping the Future of the Profession" (Mara Hynes Huberlie); "Better Than Drinking Poison: Editors' Perceptions of the Utility of Public Relations Information Subsidies in a Constrained Economic Climate" (Patricia A. Curtin); "Demonstrating Effectiveness in Public Relations: Goals, Objectives, and Evaluation" (Linda Childers Hon); "Wired to the World: A Preliminary Study of News Release Wire Services as Conduits for International Communication" (Lois A. Boynton); "Fourth Generation Evaluation: Implications for Public Relations Education" (Debra A. Miller); "Examining Employee Perceptions of Internal Communication Effectiveness" (Donald K. Wright); "Non-Profit Service Organization Partnerships with University Communication Programs: Cultivating the Values of Community Service and Volunteerism" (Laurie Wilson); "Conflict Resolution and Power for Public Relations" (Kenneth D. Plowman); "Getting Past the Impasse: Framing as a Tool for Public Relations" (Myra Gregory Knight); and "A Coorientational Approach to Analyzing Obstacles to Negotiation among Interest Groups" (Cindy T. Christen). Individual papers contain references. (RS)

The History section of the Proceedings contains the following 12 papers: "Change on Tap for Nashville: The Telegraph and News Content, 1860" (Frank E. Fee, Jr.); "Rod Sterling's 'Hegemony Zone'" (Bob Pondillo); "The Publications of the Carlisle Indian School: Cultural Voices or Pure Propaganda?" (Beth A. Haller); "'Upholding the Womanhood of Woman' by Opposing the Vote: The Countermovement Rhetoric of the 'Remonstrance,' 1890-1920" (Elizabeth V. Burt); "Seeking the Editorial High Ground: E.W. Scripps' Experiment in Adless Journalism" (Duane Stoltzfus); "Edward H. Butler of the Buffalo 'News': The Ascent and Corruption of a New Journalism Pioneer" (Michael J. Dillon); "Selling Cable Television in the 1970s and 1980s: Social Dreams and Business Schemes" (William J. Leonhirth);"John Shaw Billings: The Demons That Drove Time/Life's 'Editor's Editor'" (Michael F. Lane); "Issues of Openness and Privacy: Press Coverage of Betty Ford's Breast Cancer" (Myra Gregory Knight); "The Japanese-Language Press and the Government's Decision of the Japanese Mass Evacuation during World War II: Three Japanese Newspapers' Reception of the War, the Japanese Americans' Wartime Status, and the Evacuation" (Takeya Mizuno); "Free at Last? Religious Contradictions in the Origins of the Black Press in America (Allen W. Palmer and Lyrum Laturner); and "Why Did Women Journalists Leave the Newsroom?: Stories of Quitting (Linda Steiner). (Individual papers contain references.) (CR)

The newspaper section of the Proceedings contains the following 18 papers: "The Role of Headlines and Nut Graphs in Helping Readers Learn from News Stories" (Glen L. Bleske); "Daily Newspaper Reporters' Views of Journalistic Roles: An Integrated Perspective" (Dan Berkowitz and James TerKeurst); "'Cohen V. Cowles Media': Has the Court Decision Affected Journalistic Practices?" (William A. Babcock and Sherrie Wilson); "The Relationship of Copy Desk Leader Behaviors to Job Stress, Hardiness and Health Factors in Copy Editors" (Betsy B. Cook and others); "How Journalists at Monopoly Dailies View Newspaper Competition" (David C. Coulson); "Rules for Getting Real: How One Newspaper's Editors Talk about 'Real People'" (David A. Craig); "Comparing Questionnaire Formats in Accuracy Studies" (Julie E. Dodd and others); "Segmenting the Electorate by Media Use Types: The Value of Newspapers in Local Election Campaigns" (Arthur G. Emig and Jill Millspaugh); "The Political Dance: A Test of Agenda-Setting Effects in the 1994 Texas Gubernatorial Election" (Dixie Evatt and Tamara Bell); "Computer-Assisted News Reporting Tools: A Study of Daily Newspaper Use in 1994" (Bruce Garrison); "The Bias of Visual Appeal in the Selection of General Excellence Winners in Newspaper Contests" (George Albert Gladney); "Where Americans Really Get Their News" (Thomas Hargrove and Guido H. Stempel III); "Ideological Manipulation via Newspaper Accounts of Political Conflict: A Cross-National Comparative News Analysis of the 1991 Moscow Coup" (Li-Ning Huang and Katherine C. McAdams); "Help Wanted: The Adoption of Personal Advertisements by the Daily Press" (Debra L. Merskin and Thomas J. Herling); "Unnamed Sources in White House Coverage" (Daniel Riffe and Gail Johnson); "Inability to Recognize News Source Bias and Perceptions of Media Bias" (Donna Rouner and others); "Newspapers and Public Opinion. An Examination of 'The Des Moines Register' and Its Iowa Poll" (Craig W. Trumbo); and "Intercity Competition and Local Election Coverage: A Case Study" (James B. White). (CR)

An exploratory study focused on identifying editing values of a new mass medium, computer discussion groups known as Usenet newsgroups. A Usenet newsgroup is defined as a collection of articles grouped loosely by subject and accessible by nearly anyone with a computer and a modem. At present, most newsgroup users are affiliated with universities, the government, or the computer industry. Questionnaires were sent via e-mail to all current Usenet moderators. Of the 70 moderators who indicated they edited postings, 33 returned completed surveys. Results indicated that: (1) 72.7% of the moderators said that editing was either somewhat important or very important to group members; (2) for the most part, the moderators are not professional editors; (3) editing standards are not generally high; (4) the values of usefulness and "flaming" were influential for the moderators; and (5) the moderators used 75% to 100% of the postings to their newsgroup, with most using nearly all the submissions. Findings suggest that the moderators act more as facilitators than gatekeepers in the usual journalistic sense; and that, if computer communication is indeed a new mass medium, mass communication researchers must consider new models for understanding it. (Contains 2 tables of data and 25 references.) (RS)

The Newspapers section of this collection of conference presentations contains the following 24 papers: "Dropping the Paper: The Role of Women in Local Daily Subscription Cancellations" (Melinda D. Hawley); "The Effects of the 1990-1992 Recession in the Real Estate Industry in News Coverage in Real Estate Sections at Five Major U.S. Dailies" (Wendy Swallow Williams); "Nonreaders, Single Newspaper Readers and Multiple Newspaper Readers: A Discriminant Analysis" (Wayne Wanta and others); "Sample Size in Content Analysis of Weekly Newspapers" (Stephen Lacy and others); "How Four Newspapers Covered the 1992 Los Angeles and Related 'Riots'" (Jyotika Ramaprasad and others); "The Stability of 'Bad News' in Third World Coverage: 22 Years of 'New York Times' Foreign News" (Daniel Riffe);"Press Theory for the Post-Cold War Era: Toward Recapturing the Public Sphere Dialogue" (Lisa W. Holstein); "Women Making a Difference in the Newsroom" (Marion Tuttle Marzolf); "The 'New York Times' and the 'Washington Post's Coverage of the Tiananmen Incident and the U.S. China Policy: A Comparative Study" (Hong Cheng); "Changes in Coverage Patterns of Disability Issues in Three Major American Newspapers 1976-1991" (John S. Clogston); "Motherhood and the Newspaper Industry: Family Support Benefits and Women's Status in the Business" (Rebecca Theim); "Family Feud: A Case Study of Job Stress and Coping Mechanisms among Newspaper Copy Editors" (Brad Thompson and others); and "Press Coverage of Interest Groups: News Values as Determinants" (Dong-Geun Lee); "Lead, Follow or Stop the Presses: The Future of Daily Newspapers" (Sherri Ward Massey); "International News in Six American Newspapers: Last Look at a Bipolar World?" (Catherine Cassara); "'The People's Friend': A Content Analytic Study of How a Newspaper Functions for Its Readership" (Aleen J. Ratzlaff); "The Influence of Public Ownership on Publisher Autonomy" (Martha N. Matthews); "Coverage of Africa by the African-American Press: Perceptions of African-American Newspaper Editors" (Emmanuel U. Onyedike); "Color's Influence on the Content and Origin of Newsphotos" (Cindy M. Brown); "Professional Attitudes of Alternative and Mainstream Journalists and Their Effects on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment" (Fiona A. E. McQuarrie); "The Effect of Foreign News on Readers' Attitudes toward Foreign Countries" (Taeyong Kim); "Community Editors' Views on Extralocal Coverage" (P. J. Tichenor and others); "Design Desks: Why Are More and More Newspapers Adopting Them?" (Ann Auman); "Job Stress, Hardiness and Health Factors in Reporters and Copy Editors" (Betsy B. Cook and others); and "The Response of Newspaper Circulation in the 1980s to Economic and Other Community Demographics" (F. Dennis Hale). (RS)

A study compared attitudes of editors and educators concerning how undergraduate news-editorial programs should respond to newspaper industry change, in particular new technology and changing reader needs. A questionnaire was mailed to 352 editors (representing small, medium-sized, and large newspapers) and 186 professors at undergraduate degree-granting schools that hold membership in the Association of Schools of Journalism and Mass Communication. A total of 266 of the 538 questionnaires were returned, for an overall response rate of 49.4%. Results indicated that editors were more skeptical than educators toward the teaching of technological advancements to undergraduates. Both groups believed that writing readable, accurate copy is the most important skill that journalism educators should teach. Results also indicated that editors were more willing than educators to teach students to think of newspapers as products to be marketed to their audience. (Twelve tables of data are included; the survey instrument is attached. Contains 15 references.) (RS)

This proceedings contain 18 papers on American journalism history before the 20th century. Papers in the proceedings are: "Military and Press Discord during the Civil War: Foreshadowing of Future Disputes" (Maury M. Breecher); "The Missouri Press Association: A Study of the Beginning Motivations, 1867-1876" (Stephen A. Banning); "The Detroit Evening News: Nonpartisan, Reform Journalism in the 1870s: 1876-1877" (James Bow); "The Blood of Kansas and the New York Penny Press" (Gary L. Whitby); "Selected Texas Newspaper Editorials and Spanish-American War Sentiment" (Douglas Ferdon and John Tisdale); "A Visible Minority: Literary Journalism's Story-Telling and Symbolism Spurred the Anti-Chinese Movement by Tacoma Daily Newspapers in 1885" (Myron K. Jordan); "American Crime and Trial Pamphlets after the Penny Press" (James L. Aucoin); "For 'The Prosperity of the Denomination': Understanding the North Carolina Baptist Press, 1845-1861" (David A. Copeland); "The Stamp Act Press: The First True Mass Medium" (Julie Hedgepeth Williams); "Covering the Big Story: George Whitefield's First Preaching Tour, News Manipulation, and the Colonial Press" (David A. Copeland); "Latest from the Canadian Revolution: Early War Correspondence in the 'New York Herald' 1837-1838" (Ulf Jonas Bjork); "Abolitionist, Emigrationist, Feminist: Mary Ann Shadd Cary, First Female Editor of the Black Press" (Bernell E. Tripp); "James Bryce and the Promise of the American Press: 1888-1921" (James D. Startt); "Maria W. Stewart: An African-American Woman Journalist Who Raised a Fiery Voice in the Abolitionist Movement" (Rodger Streitmatter); "A Silence in Massachusetts: John Campbell and the Boston 'News-Letter'" (Wm. David Sloan); "American Newspaper Contempts before 1880" (Richard Scheidenhelm); "The Rise of the English-Jewish Press in America" (Barbara Reed); and "Congress and Journalistic Privilege: An Historical and Legal Perspective" (Robert L. Spellman). (RS)

Section A of the Journalism History section of the proceedings contains the following 10 papers: "Mixed Messages in a Progressive Newspaper: The Milwaukee Journal and Woman Suffrage, 1911-1912" (Elizabeth Burt); "The Search for Unity: The Importance of the Black Press in the Emigration/Colonization Issues of the 1800s" (Bernell E. Tripp); "Melancholy Accidents and Deplorable News: Sensationalism and the South Carolina Gazette, 1732-1738" (David A. Copeland); "Murphy's Speech: The Language of Class and Power in Newspaper Coverage of an 1857 Prize Fight" (Dennis Gildea); "Philippa Duke Schuyler: African American Woman Journalist" (Barbara Diggs-Brown); "'But Who Got The Money?' Some Answers to the Panama Libel Question" (Robert L. Spellman); "African-American Photo Coverage in Four U.S. Newspapers, 1937-1990" (Paul Martin Lester); "Joseph E. Johnson: Archetypical Frontier Editor" (Jack A. Nelson); "The Invisible History of Bylines" (Paulette D. Kilmer); and "The Image of the Soviet Union in Three Elite Western Newspapers: 1960-1990" (William Gombash, III). (RS)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether increased amounts of management training for newspaper editors correlated positively with higher levels of professional commitment. Subjects, 313 (of 500) newspaper editors working at 123 U.S. daily newspapers that were part of the Gannett, Knight-Ridder, or Scripps-Howard chains, responded to a questionnaire that dealt with amount of management training experience, level of commitment, and various demographics. Results indicated that: (1) the numbers of management training experiences correlated positively with professional commitment levels; and (2) management training and salary were the top predictors of professional commitment. (Three tables of data are included; 50 references are attached.) (RS)

The question of whether there is a chasm between the newspaper profession and journalism education is not a new one. In a 1967 article titled "Green Eyeshades vs. Chi-Squares," Jake Highton indicated that journalists looked at journalism research as obscure and irrelevant. The study described in this paper investigated the extent of the gap between the attitudes of administrators of academic journalism programs and those of newspaper editors concerning what sort of content journalism schools should be providing their graduates. Subjects, 271 (of 388) heads of journalism/mass communication programs at colleges and universities, responded to a survey instrument similar to one returned by 381 newspaper editors in late 1989. Results indicated that: (1) a statistically significant difference was found between editors and journalism/mass communication administrators concerning the importance of key issues facing journalism education; (2) the perception of administrators differed based upon their area of specialization; (3) editors favored the more practical aspects of journalism as a priority in the journalism curriculum, while administrators favored the more theoretical aspects of mass communication. Findings suggest that a chasm does exist between journalism education and the newspaper profession and that it is a wide one. (Six tables of data are included; 53 references are attached.) (RS)

Building on an earlier study, this paper presents the findings of a series of studies that asked senior newspaper editors throughout the United States how they view newspaper coverage of issues of concern to gays and lesbians. The paper presents detailed findings reported in four earlier papers analyzing data from the survey: "Daily Newspaper Coverage of the Gay and Lesbian Community: Perceptual Differences of Senior Editors and Their Gay and Lesbian Staffers"; "Privacy and the AIDS Crisis: Newspaper Practices Regarding Obituaries and Outings"; "Tolerance of Senior Daily Newspaper Editors for Photographs of People with AIDS and Gays and Lesbians"; and "Newspaper Coverage of Gays and Lesbians: Editors' Views of Its Longterm Effects." The paper presents a new study regarding senior editors' views about indicating sexual orientation in news columns. The paper discusses how the results from these studies might be used in generating more accurate and comprehensive coverage of events and concerns of the lesbian and gay community. The paper concludes with an outline of tentative plans for a study of daily newspaper coverage of gay and lesbian communities and of gay and lesbian and "mainstream" readership of those dailies in 23 U.S. and Canadian cities. (RS)

The "Handbook of American Women's History" (Garland, 1990) was compiled to cope with the lack of basic information about women's history. The successful launching of the handbook was the result of networking among Women's Studies colleagues. Colleagues and students joined in the project, not to gain fame and fortune, but to do a "good deed" for the academic community. This cooperation was indicative of a new climate: those in Women's Studies brought the processes of the women's movement, as well as the principles, to help identify and address the lack of presence of women and minorities in academe and in the disciplines. A point to be emphasized is that there now exists adequate support for such projects as the handbook, which has been well received and has brought profits to Garland Publishing and national recognition to both the University of Wisconsin-Parkside and the University of Houston-Clear Lake. The success of the handbook is important because it has paved the way for other much-needed works that will increase the presence of women and minorities in academe, and is positive proof that such ideas can become viable projects which, in turn, result in significant contributions to women's studies and other fields. Perhaps the handbook is proof that no good deed goes unpunished or unpublished. Hopefully there will be more such works that result from the determination and dedication of women and men who are undeterred by the possible punishment that accompanies the task of the editor. Such "good deeds" must not go "unpublished." (PRA)

By examining two autobiographies by Victorian women, the role of editors in the composing and publishing of autobiographical texts can be explored, and questions can be raised about the way personal writing is assigned, edited, and evaluated in classrooms today. The autobiography of Margaret Oliphant, a prolific Victorian novelist and critic, was cut, pasted, and published after Oliphant's death by her niece, Mrs. Harry Coghill. Based on Coghill's editorial procedures, it appears that the content was edited to present a public version of Margaret Oliphant which conformed more fully to the idea of a good writer, good mother, and good woman. The autobiography of Elizabeth Davis, a working-class, single woman, as edited by Jane Williams, represents what the editor thought was appropriate writing for--and an appropriate self-presentation of--a working woman. The editor's position in relation to a Victorian woman's text is rather like the teacher's position in relation to personal writing done in the classroom. To what extent do teachers' comments on students' autobiographical writing reflect unstated cultural assumptions about gender? To what extent do textbooks identify "good" autobiographical writing with the features of one gender or another? To what extent should teachers/editors attempt to be gender-neutral? (SR)