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The article discusses the naming tradition of the family author John Dougherty. Topics include the family background of John James Dougherty from Ireland in 1830 during potato famine in Inishowen Peninsula; their Jesuit education, Carrer, job life and importance of the shared names in his son's life focusing on the journeys of the family, the hardships faced by family.

1Presynaptic varicosities of the model neuronal cell line NG108–15, a cholinergic neuroblastoma cell × glioma cell hybrid capable of innervating striated myotubes, were examined for the presence of inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3)‐sensitive and Ca2+‐activated (ryanodine‐sensitive) Ca2+stores using confocal microscopic imaging of Ca2+‐sensitive fluorescent dye loaded into the cells.2Initial demonstration of the presence of IP3receptors and ryanodine receptors in the NG108–15 varicosities was obtained using immunocytochemistry.3Treatment of NG108–15 cells with bradykinin (0.1 μM), whose receptor is linked to IP3generation, and separately, caffeine (10 mM), an activator of endoplasmic reticulum ryanodine receptors, resulted in substantial increases in [Ca2+]iin the varicosities.4K+‐evoked changes in [Ca2+]iin the varicosities were reduced (52 %) after emptying the ryanodine‐sensitive Ca2+store using caffeine (10 mM), but were not affected by prior depletion of the IP3‐sensitive Ca2+store using thapsigargin (1 μM).5Bradykinin‐induced changes in [Ca2+]iwere abolished following depletion of the IP3‐sensitive Ca2+store using thapsigargin (1 μM) and were reduced (72 %) by prior emptying of the ryanodine‐sensitive Ca2+store with caffeine (10 mM).6The same results were obtained when the varicosities of the NG108–15 cells had formed synaptic junctions with co‐cultured rat hindlimb myotubes.7Taken together, the results suggest that, in the varicosities, activation of the IP3pathway evoked the release of Ca2+from the IP3‐sensitive store, which, in turn, secondarily induced the release of Ca2+from the ryanodine‐sensitive store via Ca2+‐induced Ca2+release, and that depolarization‐induced Ca2+entry evoked Ca2+‐induced Ca2+release only from the ryanodine‐sensitive store. Thus, functional internal Ca2+stores are inherent components of presynaptic varicosities in this neural cell line.

Fas ligand (FasL)-dependent apoptosis has been implicated in the control of tissue-damaging inflammatory responses in several immune privileged sites. Here, we present data demonstrating that FasL is expressed on human trophoblast cells throughout pregnancy and transduces growth inhibitory/death signals in cells bearing its receptor, Fas (CD95). Immunohistochemical analysis detected FasL-positive staining in the trophoblast layer of villi of first- and second-trimester and term (no labor) placental tissues, as well as in freshly isolated cytotrophoblasts representing these gestational ages. In contrast, term placental tissues and cytotrophoblasts from labor-associated deliveries exhibited significantly reduced FasL expression, suggesting that parturition altered the characteristics of trophoblast cells. FasL-specific immunoblotting of cytotrophoblast cell lysates further confirmed these results. To assess the functionality of FasL expressed on cytotrophoblasts, we co-cultured these cells with Fas-bearing Jurkat T cells. Cytotrophoblasts from early pregnancy, or term with no labor, significantly inhibited growth in Jurkat cells, evident even at a 11 effectortarget cell ratio, as determined by the incorporation of 3Hthymidine. Similar results were obtained when a FasL-positive colon carcinoma cell line, SW620, was used in place of cytotrophoblasts. In contrast, term cytotrophoblasts from labor deliveries exhibited poor FasL expression and were quantitatively much less proficient in inhibiting 3Hthymidine incorporation in Jurkat cells. These data indicate that FasL could participate in modulating the inflammatory responses associated with labor and suggest intrinsic molecular differences in the placental microenvironment before and after labor .

The problem: How to get the most for the electric utility industry's research and development dollar. The answer, an ambitious and innovative one, was initiated by the utilities themselves when they founded the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) in 1973. EPRI's charter — to develop new and improved technology for environmentally acceptable production, transmission, and distribution of electric power to help the utility industry meet present and future electric energy needs.

There is continuing evidence of a disparity between the level of educational sophistication (that is, the validity and rigor of the equation “models” by which members of the scientific and engineering communities apply analytical logic to a world of nonpersonal technological problems) and the empirical, immature, and Aristotelian semantic notions entangling and invalidating the often benighted “models” they use in a Second World, the day-to-day world of people, organizations, and people-problems.

This article discusses an episode of mustiness that was extremely resistant to treatment processes, which occurred on the Cedar River in Iowa during June through July, 1961. A study was done on the chemical characteristics of the metabolic products of actinomycetes isolated and cultured from the Cedar River during the 1961 period of musty taste. The difficulty of analysis, effect of cultural conditions, isolation procedures and actinomycete‐produced substances are all discussed, along with neutral‐fraction characteristics, further purification, constituents of eluate, and infrared analysis. An illustration of the similarity between organic materials of river water and extracted actinomycete metabolites is provided in a comparison of the infrared spectra of an extract of musty Cedar River water, and an extract of the laboratory‐cultured actinomycetes.

During the nineteenth century Latin America produced a significant number of thinkers and philosophers who recognized that their countries were failing to keep pace with Western Europe and the United States in material progress, social equality and political stability. Some of these men were primarily abstract thinkers, but many were politically active and exercised considerable influence through their writing. Juan Bautista Alberdi, an Argentine, was a member of the latter group whose ideas are still discussed frequently today.

The complications associated with lumbar puncture LP were compared in 2 groups of 342 patients. The first group of patients was anticoagulated after the LP, and the second was not. The incidence of minor headache or back pain was similar in the 2 groups Group 162, Group 264. The anticoagulated patients had a higher incidence of paraparesis Group 1, 5 patients, Group 2, No patientsp< .05 and severe back or lumbosacral radicular pain lasting more than 48 hours Group 1, 18 patients, Group 2, 6 patientsp< .025. Seven of the anticoagulated patients developed spinal hematomas 5 with paraparesis, 2 with severe back pain. Among the anticoagulated patients the risk of a major complication was increased by a traumatic LP p< .001, starting anticoagulation within one hour of the LP p< .001, or aspirin treatment at the time of the LP p< .001. This study suggests that if LP is done, delaying anticoagulation for at least one hour and avoiding concurrent aspirin therapy may decrease the risk of developing an extraparenchymal spinal hematoma.

The article presents answers to a question about recommended books for summer including "The Shattering of Loneliness: On Christian Remembrance" by Erik Varden, " The Life of Jesus Christ" by Ludolf of Saxony, and "Life of the Beloved" by Henri Nouwen.

The article discusses lithographically patterned dichroic filters. It is stated that using dichroic filters in multispectral imagers will result to cost-effective manufacturing of products that use such technology. According to the author, alternating layers of deposition and lithographic patterning steps result in a product with Bayer filter characteristics. The benefits of a custom Bayer filter and its application in various industries are also presented.

A compound produced by certain actinomycete cultures is responsible for a persistent musty odor. It has been isolated in high purity and identified by chemical and spectroscopic properties. Possible structures are discussed.

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to an article "Giving Meaning to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial," by David Hugel in the November-December 2012 issue.

Functional neuroimaging is an innovative but at this stage underutilized method to assess the efficacy of psychotherapy for depression. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used in this case study to examine changes in brain activity in a depressed breast cancer patient receiving an 8-session Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression (BATD), based on the work of Hopko and Lejuez (2007). A music listening paradigm was used during fMRI brain scans to assess reward responsiveness at pre- and posttreatment. Following treatment, the patient exhibited attenuated depression and changes in blood oxygenation level dependence (BOLD) response in regions of the prefrontal cortex and the subgenual cingulate cortex. These preliminary findings outline a novel means to assess psychotherapy efficacy and suggest that BATD elicits functional brain changes in areas implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. Further research is necessary to explore neurobiological mechanisms of change in BATD, particularly the potential mediating effects of reward responsiveness and associated brain functioning.

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a clinical syndrome that has been reported to occur in 3–5% of patients treated with unfractionated heparin. If untreated, 36–50% of patients diagnosed with HIT develop life or limb-threatening thromboses. The occurrence of thrombosis, the most common serious complication of HIT, results in rates of amputation and death of 10–20% and 20–30% respectively. Thus, the desired clinical outcomes in patients with HIT are the prevention of thromboembolic complications, limb amputation, and death. The three direct thrombin inhibitors available in the U.S. are lepirudin, argatroban and bivalirudin. Lepirudin and argatroban have both been shown in clinical trials to significantly decrease the incidence of these complications in patients with HIT. Our institution also has experience with bivalirudin as treatment for HIT. We therefore sought to confirm whether all-cause mortality, length of stay, bleeding rate, time to platelet recovery, absolute change in platelet count following therapy, and percentage of therapeutic APTTs differed among patients treated with these agents at our institution. Data were collected by retrospective chart reviews, and from the Florida Hospital pharmacy computer system. Length of stay was calculated as the time to hospital discharge following the finding of a positive heparin-platelet factor 4 antibody test. For the purposes of comparison, the therapeutic range for APTT was taken as 50–90 seconds. As shown in the table, there were no statistically significant differences in any of the endpoints, when the efficacy and safety of the three direct thrombin inhibitors were compared. It therefore appears that within our institution, each of the direct thrombin inhibitors are equally efficacious and safe in treating the clinical syndrome of HIT, with similar outcomes with respect to length of stay, recovery of platelet counts, incidence of bleeding, and overall mortality. We conclude that selection of a direct thrombin inhibitor can be guided by the patient’s clinical status and organ function instead of efficacy and safety considerations. Drug n All-cause mortality (%) Length of stay (days) Bleeding (%) Time to platelet recovery (days) Therapeutic APTT (%) Lepirudin 7 28.5 11.0 28.5 5.3 70 Argatroban 20 30.0 15.1 20.0 5.2 65 Bivalirudin 24 25.0 18.7 25.0 5.4 74 P-value NS NS NS NS NS

Electric utilities are faced with two major interrelated problems: How much additional power will be needed between now and the turn of the century? And how will it be generated? Nearly all other problems can be considered subsets of these two issues.