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The new genus Pumatiracia gen. nov. is described to accommodate a new species, P. venosa gen. et sp. nov. from Pu Mat National Park in Vietnam. The new genus is placed in the subtribe Parahiraciina of the Parahiraciini. It is compared with the genera Laohiracia Constant, 2021, Macrodarumoides Che, Zhang et Wang, 2012, Pseudochoutagus Che, Zhang et Wang, 2011, and Rostrolatum Che, Zhang et Wang, 2020 with which it shares possessing an elongate head. Illustrations of habitus, details, and male genitalia are given as well as a distribution map and photographs of the habitat. Laohiracia acuta Constant, 2021 is recorded for the first time from Vietnam, Pu Luong National Park; living specimens and habitat are illustrated, and the distribution map updated. The Parahiraciini fauna of Vietnam now comprises 14 species belonging to 11 genera.

Cleotyche (Griseotyche) blanda Emeljanov, 2011 Figs 6, 16 Cleotyche blanda Emeljanov, 2011: 317 [described, compared with C. mariae]. Material examined Holotype (examined from photographs – Fig. 16) AUSTRALIA • ♀; [Western Australia]; White Gum Flat, Stirling Range N.P.;[34°23′47″S, 117°51′00″ E]; [25 Jan. 1979 – 6 Mar. 1979]; pit trap; “W.A., White Gum Flat, Stirling Range N.P., N° 1514, 25.I.1979 – 6.III.1979, pit trap ”; HMNH. Diagnosis Only species of the subgenus. It can be separated from all species of Cleotyche by the characters given to recognize the subgenus Griseotyche. Biology Unknown, however, White Gum Flat in the Stirling Range National Park is a picnic area in open forest, dominated by Eucalyptus wandoo Blakely (Myrtaceae). Distribution Australia, southwest Western Australia, Stirling Range National Park (Fig. 6)., Published as part of Constant, Jérôme, Semeraro, Linda & Moir, Melinda L., 2022, Australian Cleotychini planthoppers: review of the genus Cleotyche Emeljanov, 1997 with three new species (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae), pp. 66-95 in European Journal of Taxonomy 836 on page 91, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.836.1917, http://zenodo.org/record/7061621, {"references":["Emeljanov A. F. 2011. Improved tribal delimitation of the subfamily Dictyopharinae and description of new genera and new species (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea, Dictyopharidae). Entomological Review 91 (9): 1122 - 1145. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0013873811090053"]}

Genus Cleotyche Emeljanov, 1997 Cleotyche Emeljanov, 1997: 78 [described, compared to Caliscelis De Laporte, 1833, Parorgerioides de Bergevin, 1928 and Anorgeriopus Kusnezov, 1930]. Type species Cleotyche mariae Emeljanov, 1997, by monotypy and original designation. Diagnosis Only genus in the tribe. Description BODY. Pyriform; anterior part of body slightly compressed laterally. HEAD. Trigons (triangular area delimited by carinae at anterior angles of vertex) well delimited. Frons subrectangular, narrow, parallel-sided, much longer than wide, with three longitudinal carinae and often two additional incomplete carinae on dorsal portion. Vertex subquadrate, longer than wide, with median carina. Clypeus elongate and narrow, subtriangular. Apical segment of the labium half as long as subapical segment. THORAX. Pronotum smooth, elongate (slightly shorter than vertex along mid-line), tricarinate, with a single lateral keel on each side and posterior margin nearly straight. Mesonotum about ⅔ as long as pronotum, smooth with carinae nearly obsolete. TEGMINA. Strongly reduced, without carina, truncate apically and slightly widening from base to apex; clavus not defined. Tegulae absent. LEGS. Procoxae with triangular, lobe-shaped carina. Profemora and protibiae flattened and dilated, often foliate; with internal margin more or less evenly curved. Mesofemora and mesotibiae elongate and slender. Metatibiae with two lateral spines, one near tibiofemoral joint and one in distal half of tibia. Apex of metatibiae with 6 teeth separated in two groups: 2 teeth on internal side and 4 on external side. First and second segments of metatarsus with platellae instead of spines, except large lateral common teeth without setae. Arolium with one pair of chetoid sensilla. Claws with 3 setae. ABDOMEN. Dorsoventrally flattened. Dorsum of abdomen without carinae. MALE TERMINALIA. Pygofer narrow in lateral view, suboval and about much wider than high in posterior view; anterior and posterior margins rounded in lateral view; posterior margin deeply notched in dorsal and ventral view. Gonostyli rather compact, longer than high in lateral view, very elongate in ventral view; dorsal margin smoothly sinuate in lateral view; posteroventral margin rounded in lateral view; strong basidorsal lateral hook. Aedeagus elongate and narrow in dorsal view, with 2 pairs of membranous processes, each bearing a sclerotized spine; phallobase with 2 elongate sclerotized dorsal processes; connective elongate and narrow. Anal tube more or less oval in dorsal view with rounded apical margin; ventral margin sinuate; 2 strong apicolateral teeth directed ventrad. Species included (type locality in parentheses) Cleotyche (Griseotyche) blanda Emeljanov, 2011 (Stirling Range National Park, Western Australia) Cleotyche (Cleotyche) christinae sp. nov. (Cania Gorge National Park, Queensland) Cleotyche (Cleotyche) francescoi sp. nov. (Eurimbula National Park, Queensland) Cleotyche (Cleotyche) mariae Emeljanov, 1997 (Pearl Beach, New South Wales) Cleotyche (Cleotyche) montana sp. nov. (Blackdown Tableland National Park, Queensland) Identification key to the subgenera and species of Cleotychini Emeljanov, 1997 1. Ground colour pale grey (Fig. 16A); transverse white stripe on frons continuing laterally along body, becoming less distinct on abdomen (Fig. 16B–C); no white band along apical margin of tegmina (Fig. 16A) (subgenus Griseotyche)................................. C. (Griseotyche) blanda Emeljanov, 2011 – Ground colour dark brown (Fig. 1); no transverse white stripe on frons nor lateral white stripe along side of body (Fig. 2C); white band along apical margin of tegmina (Fig. 1) (subgenus Cleotyche) 2 2. Profemora and protibiae narrower, more than 3 × as long as broad (Fig. 1A, D; Table 1).............. 3 – Profemora and protibiae broader, less than 3 × as long as broad (Fig. 1B–C; Table 1)................... 4 3. Profemora more slender, 3.78 × as long as broad; tibiae slightly broader than femora; vertex 1.56 × as long as broad (Fig. 1A)............................................................. C. (Cleotyche) christinae sp. nov. – Profemora broader, 3.16 × as long as broad; tibiae slightly narrower than femora; vertex 2.10 × as long as broad (Fig. 1D).................................................................. C. (Cleotyche) montana sp. nov. 4. Profemora and protibiae broader, 2.55 and 2.73 × as long as broad, respectively; vertex less elongate, 1.71 × as long as than broad (Fig. 1B)......................................... C. (Cleotyche) francescoi sp. nov. – Profemora and protibiae narrower, 2.91 and 2.93 × as long as broad, respectively; vertex less elongate, 2.04 × as long as broad (Fig. 1C)........................ C. (Cleotyche) mariae Emeljanov, 1997, Published as part of Constant, Jérôme, Semeraro, Linda & Moir, Melinda L., 2022, Australian Cleotychini planthoppers: review of the genus Cleotyche Emeljanov, 1997 with three new species (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae), pp. 66-95 in European Journal of Taxonomy 836 on pages 69-70, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.836.1917, http://zenodo.org/record/7061621, {"references":["Emeljanov A. F. 1997. A new genus and species of the Dictyopharidae from Australia belonging to a new tribe (Homoptera, Cicadina). Zoosystematica Rossica 6 (1 - 2): 77 - 82.","Emeljanov A. F. 2011. Improved tribal delimitation of the subfamily Dictyopharinae and description of new genera and new species (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea, Dictyopharidae). Entomological Review 91 (9): 1122 - 1145. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0013873811090053"]}

Cleotyche (Cleotyche) christinae sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 48303424-4988-454D-AA85-51B82488FEE5 Figs 2–6, Table 1 Diagnosis The species can be separated from the other species of Cleotyche (Cleotyche) by the combination of the following characters: 1. Profemora slender, 3.78 × as long as broad, and slightly narrower than tibiae (Figs 2A, 3A). 2. Vertex rather short, 1.56 × as long as broad (Figs 2F, 3F). 3. Vertex and anterior portion of pronotum dark brown (Figs 2F, 3F). Differential diagnosis This species differs from the three other species by the relatively slender profemora (profemora 3.78 × as long as broad vs max. 3.16 × in other species). The most similar species is C. (Cleotyche) montana sp. nov. which additionally differs from C. (Cleotyche) christinae sp. nov. by character 2 (vertex 2.10 × as long as broad vs 1.56 × in C. (Cleotyche) christinae sp. nov.). Etymology The species epithet refers to Dr Christine Lambkin (QM) in acknowledgement for all her proactive support of the authors’ research projects in Queensland. Type material Holotype AUSTRALIA • ♂; [Queensland]; Cania Gorge N.P.; 24°43′14″ S, 150°59′21″ E; 13 Dec. 2019; sweeping [grasses]; J. Constant, F. Martoni, M. Moir and L. Semeraro leg.; “ Australia Qld, Cania Gorge N.P., 24°43′14″S 150°59′21″E, 13.xii.2019, sweeping, leg. J. Constant, F. Martoni, M. Moir & L. Semeraro ”; QM. Paratype AUSTRALIA • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; QM. Description MEASUREMENTS AND RATIOS. LT: ♂ (n = 1): 3.50 mm; ♀ (n = 1): 4.85. LTg/BTg = 1.39; LV/BV = 1.56; LF/BF = 3.12; LPf/BPf = 3.78; LPt/BPt = 3.34. HEAD (Figs 2F–H, 3F–H). Yellow-brown with vertex dark brown and clypeus black; labium yellow brown with distal part of terminal segment black. Vertex elongate, 1.56 × as long as broad, roundly pointed anteriorly, with complete median carina and with lateral margins slightly carinate and parallel; posterior margin roundly incurved. Frons elongate, straight in lateral view, with sides subparallel, 3.12 × as long as broad, anteriorly rounded in perpendicular view, with three carinae, one median and one along each lateral margin, all extending to apex of clypeus; two weak, short carinae between median and sublateral carinae extending from dorsal margin along 1 /5 of the way along the frons. Clypeus elongate and narrow, triangular. Eyes rather large, moderately protruding laterally. Antennae with scape short and cylindrical; pedicel short, inflated, barrel-shaped and with large sensory plates on ventral portion. Ocelli absent. Labium elongate and narrow, reaching posterior trochanters and with apical segment elongate, about half as long as penultimate one. THORAX (Figs 2E–H, 3E–H). Pronotum brown with posterior half whitish extending in a whitish band along posterior margin of paranotal lobes; mesonotum dark brown, darker than anterior portion of pronotum; thoracic sternites dark brown. Pronotum smooth with anterior margin strongly bisinuate, roundly projecting anteriorly behind vertex and roundly emarginate behind eyes, and posterior margin weakly incurved; median longitudinal carina and two lateral carinae on disc merging anteriorly along anterior margin; lateral carina behind eye; paranotal lobe broad, angularly rounded posteroventrally. Mesonotum very short, about ⅔ as long as pronotum, smooth with three very weakly marked obsolete carinae prolongating pronotal ones. Tegulae absent. TEGMINA (Figs 2A, C, F, H, 3A, C, F, H). Brown with rather broad white band along posterior margin, covering about 1 /5 of tegmina length; slightly elongate in dorsal view, 1.39 × as long as broad, slightly broadening from base to apex, truncate apically, convex, smooth; no trace of venation. LEGS (Figs 2A–D, I, 3A–D). Brown with pro- and mesocoxae and trochanters black; profemora paler than protibiae; apical pale yellowish interrupted ring on pro- and mesofemora; protibiae with basal pale yellow marking dorsally and ventrally; protarsi white; apex of metafemora and base of metatibiae darker; metatarsi brown with basal ⅔ of first metatarsomere and most of third one, whitish. Profemora and protibiae moderately foliaceous, rather slender, 3.78 and 3.34 × as long as broad, respectively; protibiae 1.15 × as broad as profemora; profemora with anterior margin straight and posterior margin broadly rounded, with 12–14 small teeth; protibiae with margins broadly rounded and external margin roundly truncate apically; median and posterior legs elongate and slender; metatibiae broadening towards apex, with one ventrolateral spine at distal 3 /5 and 6 apical spines; first and second metatarsomeres with strong spine at each side and apical row of 12 platellae ventrally. Metatibiotarsal formula: (2) 6 (2-4)/2/2. ABDOMEN (Figs 2A–D, 3A–D). Black with median yellowish marking on dorsal surface of last segment in male (Fig. 2A), on two last segments in female (Fig. 3A); small yellowish marking on anal tube at base of anal column. Abdomen dorsoventrally flattened and smooth. MALE TERMINALIA (Fig. 4). Pygofer (Py) (Fig. 4A–E) narrow in lateral view, 2.5 × as high as long at mid-height, suboval and about 1.4 × as wide as high in posterior view; anterior and posterior margins rounded in lateral view; posterior margin deeply notched in dorsal and ventral view, with V-shaped notch dorsally and U-shaped notch ventrally. Gonostyli (G) (Fig. 4A–E) rather compact, 1.63 × as long as high in lateral view, 3.4 × as long as wide at base in ventral view, slightly surpassing anal tube; dorsal margin smoothly sinuate in lateral view; posteroventral margin strongly rounded in lateral view; strong basidorsal lateral hook (lh) curved lateroventrad, with dorsal margin rounded in caudal view. Aedeagus (ae) (Fig. 4F–J) elongate and narrow in dorsal view, with 2 pairs of membranous processes, each bearing an anteapical lateral sclerotized spine (sp); phallobase (phb) with 2 elongate, narrow, straight, sclerotized dorsal processes (dpp); connective (cv) elongate and narrow. Anal tube (An) (Fig. 4A–E) in dorsal view obovate, 1.45 × as long as wide, widest at basal 2 /5, with apical margin rounded and with anal opening at basal 36% of length; ventral margin sinuate with posterior half regularly roundly concave before 2 strong apicolateral teeth (alt); teeth with posterior margin slightly concave in lateral view, rather narrow and slightly diverging in caudal view; length of teeth along posterior margin in lateral view equals ⅓ of length of anal tube. Biology The specimens were collected by sweeping grass in an open area in the valley of Three Moon Creek (Fig. 5). Distribution Australia, SE Queensland, Cania Gorge National Park (Fig. 6)., Published as part of Constant, Jérôme, Semeraro, Linda & Moir, Melinda L., 2022, Australian Cleotychini planthoppers: review of the genus Cleotyche Emeljanov, 1997 with three new species (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae), pp. 66-95 in European Journal of Taxonomy 836 on pages 71-77, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.836.1917, http://zenodo.org/record/7061621, {"references":["Emeljanov A. F. 1997. A new genus and species of the Dictyopharidae from Australia belonging to a new tribe (Homoptera, Cicadina). Zoosystematica Rossica 6 (1 - 2): 77 - 82."]}

Subgenus Griseotyche subgen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 24EC3313-F915-45FD-894B-B6091307CBDE Type species and locality Cleotyche blanda Emeljanov, 2011 (by present designation); Stirling Range National Park, Western Australia. Species included Cleotyche (Griseotyche) blanda Emeljanov, 2011. Diagnosis Ground colour pale grey (brown in Cleotyche (Cleotyche)). Transverse whitish stripe on frons continued on side of body, becoming less distinct and greyish on abdomen (no transverse white stripe on face nor lateral white stripe on body in Cleotyche (Cleotyche)). No white band along apical margin of tegmina (present in Cleotyche (Cleotyche)). Small dark spots on all visible segments of the abdomen dorsally where the sensory pits occur (no dark spots on dorsum of abdomen in Cleotyche (Cleotyche) due to the very dark ground colouration of species). Etymology The new subgenus name is formed from ‘ griseus ’ (adj., Latin) meaning ‘grey’, and ‘- tyche ’, the ending of ‘ Cleotyche ’. It refers to the mostly grey colouration of the member of the new subgenus., Published as part of Constant, Jérôme, Semeraro, Linda & Moir, Melinda L., 2022, Australian Cleotychini planthoppers: review of the genus Cleotyche Emeljanov, 1997 with three new species (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae), pp. 66-95 in European Journal of Taxonomy 836 on page 91, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.836.1917, http://zenodo.org/record/7061621, {"references":["Emeljanov A. F. 2011. Improved tribal delimitation of the subfamily Dictyopharinae and description of new genera and new species (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea, Dictyopharidae). Entomological Review 91 (9): 1122 - 1145. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0013873811090053"]}

Cleotyche (Cleotyche) francescoi sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B3A245D8-CC75-487F-9D4B-1F1E825FFC5D Figs 6–10, Table 1 Diagnosis The species can be separated from the other Cleotyche (Cleotyche) species by the combination of the following characters: 1. Profemora very broad, only 2.55 × as long as broad, and slightly broader than protibiae (Figs 7A, 8A). 2. Vertex rather short, 1.71 × as long as broad (Figs 7F, 8F). 3. Vertex and anterior portion of pronotum pale brown (Figs 7F, 8F). Differential diagnosis This species differs from the three other species by its broad profemora (profemora 2.55 × as long as broad vs min. 2.91 × in the three other species). The most similar species is C. (Cleotyche) mariae Emeljanov, 1997 which additionally differs by character 2 (vertex more elongate, 2.04 × as long as broad vs 1.71 × in C. (Cleotyche) francescoi sp. nov.). Etymology The species epithet refers to Dr Francesco “ Bacon ” Martoni (VAIC) in acknowledgement for all his help and enthusiasm during the field work in Queensland in December 2019. Type material Holotype AUSTRALIA • ♂; [Queensland]; Eurimbula N.P., Ganoonga Noonga Lookout; 24°12′05″ S, 151°48′11″ E; 9 Dec. 2019; sweeping [grasses]; J. Constant, F. Martoni, M. Moir and L. Semeraro leg.; “ Australia Qld, Eurimbula N.P., Ganoonga Noonga Lookout, 24°12′05″S 151°48′11″E, 9.xii.2019, sweeping, leg. J. Constant, F. Martoni, M. Moir & L. Semeraro ”; QM. Paratypes AUSTRALIA • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; QM • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; DPIRD • 4 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; RBINS. Description MEASUREMENTS AND RATIOS. LT: ♂ (n = 2): 4.04 mm (3.94–4.14); ♀ (n = 1): 4.69. LTg/BTg = 1.12; LV/ BV = 1.71; LF/BF = 3.65; LPf/BPf = 2.55; LPt/BPt = 2.73. HEAD (Figs 7F–H, 8F–H). Yellow-brown with clypeus glossy black; labium brown with terminal segment black. Vertex elongate, 1.71 × as long as broad, projected anteriorly, rounded to a blunt point apically, with median carina not reaching anterior margin and with lateral margins carinate and incurved; posterior margin roundly concave. Frons elongate, with sides subparallel, weakly narrowing along eyes, 3.65 × as long as broad, straight in lateral view, anteriorly rounded, projected to a blunt point in perpendicular view, with three complete carinae, one median and one along each lateral margin, all extending to apex of clypeus; two weak, short carinae between median and sublateral carinae extending from dorsal margin along 1 /5 of the way along the frons. Clypeus elongate and narrow, triangular. Eyes rather large, moderately protruding laterally. Antennae with scape short and cylindrical; pedicel short, inflated, barrel-shaped and with large sensory plates on ventral portion. Ocelli absent. Labium elongate and narrow, reaching posterior trochanters and with apical segment elongate, about half as long as penultimate one. THORAX (Figs 7E–H, 8E–H). Pronotum yellow-brown with posterior half whitish extending in a whitish band along posterior margin of paranotal lobes; mesonotum dark brown, darker than anterior portion of pronotum, with apex of scutellum slightly paler; thoracic sternites glossy black. Pronotum smooth with anterior margin strongly bisinuate, roundly projecting anteriorly behind vertex and roundly emarginate behind eyes, and posterior margin weakly incurved; median longitudinal carina and two lateral carinae on disc merging anteriorly along anterior margin; lateral carina behind eye; paranotal lobe angularly rounded posteroventrally. Mesonotum very short, about ⅔ as long as pronotum, smooth with three weakly marked obsolete carinae prolongating pronotal ones. Tegulae absent. TEGMINA (Figs 7A, C, F, H, 8A, C, F, H). Brown as mesonotum with rather broad white band along posterior margin, covering about ¼ of tegmina length; slightly elongate in dorsal view, 1.12 × as long as broad, slightly broadening from base to apex, truncate apically, slightly rounded, particularly along lateral apical margin, convex, smooth; no venation apparent. LEGS (Figs 7A–D, I, 8A–D, I). Dark brown to black with pro- and mesocoxae and trochanters black; profemora slightly paler basally; apical pale yellowish interrupted ring on pro- and mesofemora; protibiae with basal pale yellow marking dorsally and ventrally; protarsi white; apex of metafemora and base of metatibiae darker; metatibiae turning yellowish from base to apex; metatarsomeres whitish except brown posterior portion of second one. Profemora and protibiae foliaceous, broad, 2.55 and 2.73 × as long as broad, respectively; protibiae 0.96 × as broad as profemora; profemora with anterior margin weakly curved and posterior margin broadly rounded, with 14–16 small teeth; protibiae with margins broadly rounded and external margin roundly truncate apically; median and posterior legs elongate and slender; metatibiae broadening towards apex, with one ventrolateral spine at distal 3 /5 and 6 apical spines; first and second metatarsomeres with strong spine at each side and apical row of 12 platellae ventrally. Metatibiotarsal formula: (2) 6 (2-4)/2/2. ABDOMEN (Figs 7A–D, 8A–D). Glossy black with median yellowish marking on last segment in male, on two last segments in female; small yellowish marking on anal tube at base of anal column. Abdomen dorsoventrally flattened and smooth. MALE TERMINALIA (Fig. 9). Pygofer (Py) (Fig. 9A–E) narrow in lateral view, 2.9 × as high as long at midheight, suboval and about 1.25 × as wide as high in posterior view; anterior and posterior margins rounded in lateral view; posterior margin deeply notched in dorsal and ventral view, with roundly V-shaped notch dorsally and U-shaped notch ventrally. Gonostyli (G) (Fig. 9A–E) moderately elongate, 1.75 × as long as high in lateral view, 3.4 × as long as wide at base in ventral view, slightly surpassing anal tube; dorsal margin sinuate in lateral view; posteroventral margin regularly rounded in lateral view; strong basidorsal lateral hook (lh) curved lateroventrad, with dorsal margin strongly rounded in caudal view. Aedeagus (ae) (Fig. 9F–J) elongate and narrow in dorsal view, with 2 pairs of membranous processes, each bearing an anteapical lateral sclerotized spine (sp); phallobase (phb) with 2 elongate, narrow, straight, sclerotized dorsal processes (dpp); connective (cv) elongate and narrow. Anal tube (An) (Fig. 9A–E) in dorsal view obovate, 1.4 × as long as wide, widest at basal 2 /5, with apical margin rounded and with anal opening at basal ⅓ of length; ventral margin straight, abruptly rounded at straight angle before strong apicolateral teeth (alt); teeth with posterior margin weakly concave in lateral view, narrow and slightly diverging in caudal view; length of teeth along posterior margin in lateral view equals 0.47 × length of anal tube. Biology The specimens were collected by sweeping grass in and around the trail to Ganoonga Noonga Lookout, in relatively open Eucalyptus woodland (Fig. 10). Distribution Australia, SE Queensland, Eurimbula National Park (Fig. 6)., Published as part of Constant, Jérôme, Semeraro, Linda & Moir, Melinda L., 2022, Australian Cleotychini planthoppers: review of the genus Cleotyche Emeljanov, 1997 with three new species (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae), pp. 66-95 in European Journal of Taxonomy 836 on pages 77-83, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.836.1917, http://zenodo.org/record/7061621, {"references":["Emeljanov A. F. 1997. A new genus and species of the Dictyopharidae from Australia belonging to a new tribe (Homoptera, Cicadina). Zoosystematica Rossica 6 (1 - 2): 77 - 82."]}

Cleotyche (Cleotyche) mariae Emeljanov, 1997 Figs 6, 11–12, Table 1 Diagnosis The species can be separated from the other Cleotyche (Cleotyche) species by the combination of the following characters: 1. Profemora rather broad, only 2.91 × as long as broad, and slightly narrower than protibiae (Fig. 1C). 2. Vertex rather elongate, 2.04 × as long as broad (Figs 11B, 12B). 3. Vertex and anterior portion of pronotum pale brown (Figs 11B, 12B). Differential diagnosis This species differs from C. (Cleotyche) christinae sp. nov. and C. (Cleotyche) montana sp. nov., by the proportions of the profemora (profemora 2.91 × as long as broad vs min. 3.16 × in the two other species). The most similar species is C. (Cleotyche) francescoi sp. nov. which additionally differs by having broader profemora (2.55 × as long as broad vs 2.91 × in C. (Cleotyche) mariae) and less elongate vertex (1.71 × as long as broad vs 2.04 × in C. (Cleotyche) mariae). Material examined Holotype (examined from photographs – Fig. 11) AUSTRALIA • ♂; [New South Wales, Pearl Beach]; [33°32′59″ S, 151°17′57″ E]; [13 Mar. 1997]; Emeljanov leg.; “Australia, NSW, Pearl Beach, 13.III.1997, Emeljanov”; “Holotypus Cleotyche mariae Emeljanov 1997 ”; “ANIC Database No. 20 011325”; ANIC. Paratype (examined from photographs – Fig. 12) AUSTRALIA • ♀; [New South Wales, Pearl Beach]; [33°32′59″ S, 151°17′57″ E]; [9 Mar. 1997]; Emeljanov leg.; “Australia, NSW, Pearl Beach, 9.III.1997, Emeljanov”; “Paratypus Cleotyche mariae Emeljanov 1997 ”; “ANIC Database No. 20 011326”; ANIC. Supplementary description MEASUREMENTS AND RATIOS. LTg/BTg = 1.17; LV/BV = 2.04; LF/BF = 3.94; LPf/BPf = 2.91; LPt/ BPt = 2.93. Distribution Australia, New South Wales, Pearl Beach (Fig. 6)., Published as part of Constant, Jérôme, Semeraro, Linda & Moir, Melinda L., 2022, Australian Cleotychini planthoppers: review of the genus Cleotyche Emeljanov, 1997 with three new species (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae), pp. 66-95 in European Journal of Taxonomy 836 on pages 83-86, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.836.1917, http://zenodo.org/record/7061621, {"references":["Emeljanov A. F. 1997. A new genus and species of the Dictyopharidae from Australia belonging to a new tribe (Homoptera, Cicadina). Zoosystematica Rossica 6 (1 - 2): 77 - 82."]}

Cleotyche (Cleotyche) montana sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 40E65B47-662A-42CA-80BC-239F869205EB Figs 6, 13–15, Table 1 Diagnosis The species can be separated from the other Cleotyche (Cleotyche) species by the combination of the following characters: 1. Profemora rather slender, 3.16 × as long as broad, and slightly broader than protibiae (Fig. 13A). 2. Vertex elongate, 2.10 × as long as broad (Fig. 13F). 3. Vertex and anterior portion of pronotum medium brown (Figs 13F). Differential diagnosis This species differs from C. (Cleotyche) francescoi sp. nov. and C. (Cleotyche) mariae Emeljanov, 1997 by its relatively more slender profemora (profemora 3.16 × as long as broad vs max. 2.91 × in the two other species). The most similar species is C. (Cleotyche) christinae sp. nov. which differs by its narrower profemora (3.78 × as long as broad vs 3.16 × in C. (Cleotyche) montana sp. nov.), and the proportions of the vertex (vertex 2.10 × as long as broad vs 1.56 × in C. (Cleotyche) christinae sp. nov.). Etymology The species epithet is a Latin adjective meaning ‘associated with mountain’ and refers to the mountainous habitat on top of Blackdown Tableland where the species was discovered. Type material Holotype AUSTRALIA • ♂; [Queensland, Blackdown Tableland N.P.]; [11–12 Mar. 2020]; 23°42′48″ S, 149°07′06″ E; J. Constant and L. Semeraro leg.; “Australia Qld, Blackdown Tableland N.P., 11–12 Mar 2020, 23°42′48″S 149°07′06″E, leg. J. Constant & L. Semeraro, Leopold III Funds Expedition”; QM. Description MEASUREMENTS AND RATIOS. LT: ♂ (n = 1): 3.9 mm. LTg/BTg = 1.32; LV/BV = 2.10; LF/BF = 3.39; LPf/ BPf = 3.16; LPt/BPt = 3.52. HEAD (Fig. 13F–H). Rufous-brown with clypeus black; labium brown with terminal segment black. Vertex elongate, 2.10 × as long as broad, projected anteriorly, rounded to a blunt point apically, with median carina not reaching anterior margin and with lateral margins carinate, subparallel along eye and incurved anteriorly; posterior margin roundly incurved. Frons elongate, very weakly concave in lateral view, with sides subparallel, weakly narrowing along eyes, 3.29 × as long as broad, anteriorly pointly rounded in perpendicular view, with three complete carinae, one median and one along each lateral margin, all extending to apex of clypeus; two weak, short carinae between median and sublateral carinae extending from dorsal margin along 1 /5 of the way along the frons. Clypeus elongate and narrow, triangular. Eyes rather large, moderately protruding laterally. Antennae with scape short and cylindrical; pedicel short, inflated, barrel-shaped and with large sensory plates on ventral portion. Ocelli absent. Labium elongate and narrow, reaching posterior trochanters and with apical segment elongate, about half as long as penultimate one. THORAX (Fig. 13E–H). Pronotum rufous-brown with posterior half whitish, paranotal lobes slightly darker towards posterior and ventral margins; mesonotum dark brown, darker than anterior portion of pronotum, with apex of scutellum slightly paler; thoracic sternites dark brown. Pronotum smooth with anterior margin strongly bisinuate, roundly projecting anteriorly behind vertex and roundly emarginate behind eyes, and posterior margin weakly incurved; median longitudinal carina and two lateral carinae on disc merging anteriorly along anterior margin; lateral carina behind eye; paranotal lobe angularly rounded posteroventrally. Mesonotum very short, about ⅔ as long as pronotum, smooth with three hardly visible obsolete carinae prolongating pronotal ones. Tegulae absent. TEGMINA (Fig. 13A, C, F, H). Rufous-brown as mesonotum with rather broad white band along posterior margin, covering slightly less than 1 /5 of tegmina length; slightly elongate in dorsal view, 1.32 × as long as broad, slightly broadening from base to apex, broadly truncate apically, slightly rounded along lateral apical margin, convex, smooth; no trace of venation. LEGS (Fig. 13A–D, I). Brown with profemora along lateral margins, protibiae and metafemora dark brown; pro- and mesocoxae and trochanters black-brown; apical pale yellowish interrupted ring on pro- and mesofemora; protibiae with basal pale yellow marking dorsally and ventrally; protarsi white; base of metatibiae darker; metatibiae turning yellowish from base to apex; metatarsomeres brown with first one whitish on basal ⅔. Profemora and protibiae moderately foliaceous, rather slender, 3.16 and 3.52 × as long as broad, respectively; protibiae 0.92 × as broad as profemora; profemora with anterior margin weakly curved and posterior margin broadly rounded, with about 15 small teeth, teeth progressively smaller towards base of femur; protibiae with margins broadly rounded, external margin rather straight along median ⅔, and roundly truncate apically; median and posterior legs elongate and slender; metatibiae broadening towards apex, with one ventrolateral spine at distal 3 /5 and 6 apical spines; first and second metatarsomeres with strong spine at each side and apical row of 12 platellae ventrally. Metatibiotarsal formula: (2) 6 (2-4)/2/2. ABDOMEN (Fig. 13A–D). Black with median yellowish marking on last segment in male (female unknown); small yellowish marking on anal tube at base of anal column. Abdomen dorsoventrally flattened and smooth. MALE TERMINALIA (Fig. 14). Pygofer (Py) (Fig. 14A–E) narrow in lateral view, 2.7 × as high as long at mid-height, suboval and about 1.25 × as wide as high in posterior view; anterior and posterior margins rounded in lateral view; posterior margin deeply notched in dorsal and ventral view, with rounded notch dorsally and U-shaped notch ventrally. Gonostyli (G) (Fig. 14A–E) rather elongate, 1.9 × as long as high in lateral view, 3.4 × as long as wide at base in ventral view, slightly surpassing anal tube; dorsal margin sinuate in lateral view; posteroventral margin straight in basal ⅓ then rounded in lateral view; strong basidorsal lateral hook (lh) curved lateroventrad, with dorsal margin oblique in caudal view. Aedeagus (ae) (Fig. 14F–J) elongate and narrow in dorsal view, with 2 pairs of membranous processes, each bearing an anteapical lateral sclerotized spine (sp); phallobase (phb) with 2 elongate, narrow, straight, sclerotized dorsal processes (dpp); connective (cv) elongate and rather strong.Anal tube (An) (Fig. 14A– E) in dorsal view obovate, 1.45 × as long as broad in dorsal view, widest at basal ⅓, with apical margin rounded and with anal opening at basal ⅓ of length; ventral margin straight, strongly rounded before strong apicolateral teeth (alt); teeth with posterior margin weakly concave in lateral view, narrow and subparallel in caudal view; length of teeth along posterior margin in lateral view 0.47 × as long as anal tube. Biology The specimen was collected by sweeping grass in an open Eucalyptus forest up the plateau, not far from Yaddamen Dhina – Horseshoe Lookout (Fig. 15). Distribution Australia, SE Queensland, Blackdown Tableland National Park (Fig. 6)., Published as part of Constant, Jérôme, Semeraro, Linda & Moir, Melinda L., 2022, Australian Cleotychini planthoppers: review of the genus Cleotyche Emeljanov, 1997 with three new species (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae), pp. 66-95 in European Journal of Taxonomy 836 on pages 86-90, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.836.1917, http://zenodo.org/record/7061621, {"references":["Emeljanov A. F. 1997. A new genus and species of the Dictyopharidae from Australia belonging to a new tribe (Homoptera, Cicadina). Zoosystematica Rossica 6 (1 - 2): 77 - 82."]}

Cleotyche (Cleotyche) Emeljanov, 1997 Type species Cleotyche mariae Emeljanov, 1997, by present designation. Diagnosis Ground colour brown to dark brown (pale grey in Cleotyche (Griseotyche)). No transverse white stripe on face nor lateral white stripe on body (transverse whitish stripe on frons continues along side of body, becoming less distinct and greyish on abdomen in Cleotyche (Griseotyche)). White band along apical margin of tegmina (absent in Cleotyche (Griseotyche)). No visible dark spots on segments of the abdomen dorsally where the sensory pits occur (small dark spots on all visible segments of the abdomen dorsally where the sensory pits occur in Cleotyche (Griseotyche))., Published as part of Constant, Jérôme, Semeraro, Linda & Moir, Melinda L., 2022, Australian Cleotychini planthoppers: review of the genus Cleotyche Emeljanov, 1997 with three new species (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae), pp. 66-95 in European Journal of Taxonomy 836 on page 70, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.836.1917, http://zenodo.org/record/7061621, {"references":["Emeljanov A. F. 1997. A new genus and species of the Dictyopharidae from Australia belonging to a new tribe (Homoptera, Cicadina). Zoosystematica Rossica 6 (1 - 2): 77 - 82."]}

Identification key to the species of Pyrops of Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and Southern Continental China 1. Cephalic process strongly inflated apically (Figs 9–11)................................................................... 2 – Cephalic process not strongly inflated apically (Figs 12–19)........................................................... 3 2. Abdomen black ventrally (Fig. 9B); tegmina pale yellow-white on disc and with 3 black spots in costal area before nodal line (Fig. 9A); cephalic process yellow (Fig. 9).................................................................................................................................................. Pyrops atroalbus (Distant, 1918) – Abdomen red ventrally (Figs 10B, 11B); tegmina largely black on disc (Fig. 10A), or in the pale forms, bluish white on disc and without black spots in costal area (Fig. 11A, F); cephalic process red-brown to black (Figs 10–11)................................................. Pyrops clavatus (Westwood, 1839) 3. Head entirely green, hind wings bright yellow basally or entirely yellow-orange (Figs 12–13)..... 4 – Head not entirely green, hind wings yellow, white or blue basally (Figs 14–19)............................ 5 4. Hind wings bright yellow with apical third black (Fig. 12A); ground colour of distal half of tegmina black (Fig. 12A); anterior and median legs largely black (Fig. 12A–C)............................................................................................................................................ Pyrops viridirostris (Westwood, 1848) – Hind wings entirely bright yellow-orange (Fig. 13A); ground colour of distal half of tegmina green (Fig. 13A); anterior and median legs green (Fig. 13A–C)............ Pyrops itoi (Satô & Nagai, 1994) 5. Cephalic process black or brown-black dorsally, yellowish ventrally (Figs 4–5, 14–15); pro- and mesonotum with median black or dark brown markings (Figs 4–5, 14–15).................................... 6 – Cephalic process yellow-red to red-brown dorsally, paler, yellow to dark red ventrally (Figs 16–19); pronotum unicolourous, mesonotum sometimes with small brown-black markings on sides (Figs 16– 19)..................................................................................................................................................... 8 6. Apex of cephalic process coloured like the rest of the process (Figs 4–5, 15)................................. 7 – Apex of cephalic process yellow to orange-red, strongly contrasting (Figs 6–7, 14).................................................................................................................................... Pyrops lathburii (Kirby, 1818) 7. Tegmina narrower: LTg/BTg = 2.9 (Figs 4A, 5A); spots on basal half of tegmina not fused into bands (Figs 4A, 5A); cephalic process narrower (LPr/BPrH> 9) (Figs 4–5); hind wings bright yellow (Fig. 4A) or white basally (Fig. 5A)...................................... Pyrops condorinus (Lallemand, 1960) – Tegmina broader: LTg/BTg = 2.53 (Fig. 15A); spots on basal half of tegmina fused into transverse bands (Fig. 15A); cephalic process broader (LPr/BPrH Pyrops spinolae (Westwood, 1842) 8. Hind wings white with sutural margin bordered with black up to the anal lobe (Fig. 1A); cephalic process very narrow (LPr/BPrH = 19) (Fig. 1)............................................ Pyrops buomvoi sp. nov. – Hind wings white, bright yellow or blue with only apical third black (Figs 16A, 17A, 18A, 19A); cephalic process broader (LPr/BPrH Pyrops candelaria (Linné, 1758) – Hind wings white or blue basally (Figs 17A, 18A, 19A); cephalic process dark red-brown and dark red ventrally or dark red, orange ventrally and at apex (Figs 17–19); yellow spots on membrane of tegmina (Figs 18–19) or not (Fig. 17)............................................................................................ 10 10. Tegmina without yellow spots on membrane (Fig. 17A); cephalic process dark red, orange ventrally and at apex (Fig. 17); hind wings pale blue to white basally (Fig. 17A); basal half of tegmina whitish with white-margined green spots in transverse rows, sometimes fused in bands (Fig. 17A)............................................................................................... Pyrops ducalis (Stål, 1863) – Tegmina with yellow spots on membrane (Figs 18A, 19A); cephalic process dark red-brown, dark red ventrally (Figs 18–19); hind wings white or blue basally; basal half of tegmina dark green or dark blue-green with yellow spots (Figs 18A, 19A)................................................................................11 11. Hind wings blue basally (sometimes faded to nearly white in collections specimens) (Fig. 18A); cephalic process very elongate and strongly curved dorsad (Fig. 18); ground colour of tegmina dark blue-green (Fig. 18A)....................................................................... Pyrops coelestinus (Stål, 1863) – Hind wings white basally (Fig. 19A); cephalic process very elongate and curved dorsad (Fig. 19); ground colour of tegmina green (Fig. 19A).................................... Pyrops vitalisius (Distant, 1918), Published as part of Constant, Jérôme & Pham, Hong Thai, 2022, The Lanternfly genus Pyrops in Vietnam: A new species from Central Vietnam, taxonomic changes, checklist, identification key (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae), pp. 123-154 in European Journal of Taxonomy 813 (1) on pages 138-139, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.813.1741, http://zenodo.org/record/6468100, {"references":["Distant W. L. 1918. The Homoptera of Indo-China. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Ser. 9) 1: 196 - 200. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931808562301","Westwood J. O. 1839. On the family Fulgoridae, with a monograph of the genus Fulgora of Linnaeus. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. Second series. Zoology 18: 133 - 153. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1838. tb 00167. x","Kirby W. F. 1818. A century of insects, including several new genera described from his cabinet. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. Second series. Zoology 12 (2): 375 - 453. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1817. tb 00239. x","Lallemand V. 1960. De quibusdam Fulgoris. Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Staatsinstitut und Zoologischen Museum Hamburg 24: 1 - 7."]}

Pyrops buomvoi sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2AFA915E-398C-4F10-A3B7-E68FA9DC2053 Figs 1–3 Diagnosis The species can be separated from all other species of Pyrops by the following combination of characters: (1) posterior wings milky white with apex and area along sutural margin black brown, with brown area paler and narrower towards basosutural angle (Fig. 1B); (2) cephalic process elongate and very slender, moderately curved dorsad (Fig. 1C–G); (3) head yellow with dorsum and sides of cephalic process reddish (Fig. 1); (4) tegmina with 3 irregular yellow bands on basal half, the two more distal ones formed from rows of elongate markings (Fig. 1B). Differential diagnosis The other species of Pyrops showing white posterior wings with dark brown or black apical portion are P. atroalbus (Distant, 1918), P. condorinus (Lallemand, 1960), P. connectens (Atkinson, 1885), P. dohrni (Schmidt, 1905), P. horsfieldii (Westwood, 1839), P. lathburii (Kirby, 1818), P. vitalisius (Distant, 1918) and P. watanabei (Matsumura, 1913) but none of them shows a black band along the posterior margin of the hind wing extending to the basosutural angle and none of them possess a very slender cephalic process. All other species of Pyrops showing a very slender cephalic process, i.e., P. hamdjahi Nagai & Porion, 2002, P. hashimotoi Nagai & Porion, 2002 and P. valerian Nagai & Porion, 2002 have brightly coloured base of posterior wings, red, blue and orange, respectively. Etymology The species epithet buomvoi is a Vietnamese name for the species of the genus Pyrops, with ʻ[con] buom ʼ meaning ʻbutterflyʼ and ʻ[con] voi ʼ meaning ʻelephantʼ. The name literally means ʻbutterfly-elephantʼ and is used as a name in apposition. Material examined Holotype VIETNAM • ♂ (dissected, portion of cephalic process missing); Annam, Cana; [11°22′16″ N, 108°51′11″ E]; 18–22 Aug. 1932; alt. 0–600 m; Pinus merhusii belt; M. Poilane leg.; “Annam-Cana, Prov. Phanrang, VIII-18-22-1932 ”, “ Pinus merkusii belt – alt. 0-600M”, “ M Poilane Coll”; VNMN. Paratype (Fig. 1) VIETNAM • ♀; same collection data as holotype; I.G. 34472; RBINS. Measurements and ratios TL: ♂ (n = 1): 29.6 mm, ♀ (n = 1): 30.9 mm; TL+process: ♀ (n = 1): 41.3 mm; LTg/BTg = 2.79; BF/ BPrH = 5.4; LPr/LF = 3.43; LPr/BPrH = 19. Description HEAD. Yellow with clypeus slightly darker; dorsum and sides of cephalic process reddish; back-side of head and markings around eyes, extending to ocelli, dark brown (Fig. 1C, E–G). Cephalic process elongate and very slender, strongly tapering basally, slightly less than 1.5 times as long as frons and clypeus combined in perpendicular view of frons (Fig. 1G), moderately curved anterodorsad and rather uniform in breadth in lateral view (Fig. 1D); distinct broadening visible in ventral and dorsal views at apical ¾ of process (Fig. 1C, G), at same level, ventral margin slightly sinuate in lateral view (Fig. 1E). Two longitudinal carinae on frons extending on sides of cephalic process up to apex (Fig. 1E–G). Median, ventral carina on apical ⅔ of cephalic process (Fig. 1F–G). Vertex with weak carina extending from middle of disc to base of cephalic process; straight carina along posterior margin (Fig. 1C). Frons subquadrate (Fig. 1F). Clypeus elongate, triangular, smooth with median carina on anteclypeus (Fig. 1F–G). Labium brown-black, elongate and slender, surpassing posterior trochanter (Fig. 1A). Antennae brown, short, with pedicel bulbous (Fig. 1E–G). THORAX. Pronotum yellow with two small, impressed brown points on disc on each side of obsolete median carina, disc slightly wrinkled (Fig. 1C); pair of weak parallel carinae along lateral margin of pronotum and on dorsal portion of lateral lobe of pronotum (Fig. 1E–F); elongate lateral marking along anterior margin of lateral lobe of pronotum, not reaching ventral margin, brown behind eye, turning to black-brown ventrad, behind ocelli; subtriangular black-brown marking in middle of ventral margin of lateral lobe of pronotum (Fig. 1E–G). Mesonotum yellow with brown markings along anterior margin, small black-brown point near base of scutellum along posterior margin and elongate, oblique, blackbrown marking extending laterad from intersection between peridiscal carina and posterior margin; median and peridiscal carinae weak, median one stopped before base of scutellum; disc slightly wrinkled between peridiscal carinae; base of scutellum impressed; lateral fields smooth (Fig. 1C). Tegulae yellow (Fig. 1C–F). TEGMINA (Fig. 1B). Brown with dense reticulum of pale yellow veins and cross-veins; corium with subbasal transverse yellow band followed by two transverse rows of slightly transverse yellow markings (markings can merge together), the more basal one irregular with the marking on disc along clavus, displaced distad (hence the two rows together more or less forming an X-shaped pattern); yellow markings more intensely margined with brown membrane with about 12 irregular round yellow spots (including 2 in costal cell), more distal ones smaller. Tegmina elongate, broadening from base towards apex, rather narrow, with costal margin broadly rounded in distal half, apical margin oblique and apical angles rounded. HIND WINGS (Fig. 1B). Milky white with apex and sutural margin largely brown-black; brown-black area getting paler and narrower from apex towards base along sutural margin and stopping at basosutural angle; veins in brown-black area progressively turning from black-brown in distal portion, to whitish at basosutural angle; veins in milky white area concolourous. Hind wings strongly broader than tegmina. LEGS (Fig. 1A–B). All coxae, trochanters and femora orangish; pro- and mesotibiae and all tarsi dark brown; metatibiae orangish basally progressively turning to brown on distal ⅓. Pro- and mesofemora broader than corresponding tibiae. Metatibiae with 5–6 lateral spines. ABDOMEN (Fig. 1A–B). Terga yellowish; sterna black-brown, narrowly yellow along posterior margin; genital segments black-brown and yellowish. MALE TERMINALIA (Fig. 2). Pygofer higher than long, with posterior margin broadly rounded, sinuate on ventral ¼ in lateral view (Fig. 2A). Gonostyli (Fig. 2 A–B, D–F) elongate, 1.64 times as long as high in lateral view, not surpassing apex of anal tube; dorsal margin broadly rounded, with a small elongate lobe in middle; in lateral view, apical margin rounded and ventral margin straight; fused ventrally on basal ⅕; lateral hooks of gonostyli short, moderately curved and pointing anteroventrally. Aedeagus membranous with pair of elongate ventral endosomal processes widening on distal half (Fig. 2 G–J); connective rodshaped (Fig. 2I); tectiductus well-developed, subtriangular with anterior margin concave in dorsal view, strongly concave ventrally (Fig. 2G–J). Anal tube (Fig. 2 A–C, F) elongate and dorsoventrally flattened, 1.4 times as long as broad in dorsal view (about as broad as long in mid-length), broadest at ⅔ of total length (Fig. 2C); lateral margins broadly rounded (Fig. 2C) and apical margin deeply, roundly notched in dorsal view (Fig. 2C); anal column elongate and narrow, surpassing anal tube posteriorly (Fig. 2A, C–D). Distribution Vietnam, Ninh Thuan Province (Fig. 3). Biology The species was collected at an altitude between 0–600 m above sea level, in a zone of Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese (Pinaceae Spreng. ex Rudolphi). However it seems very unlikely that this tree could be a host plant of the species as no species of Pyrops has ever been recorded feeding from conifers (Bourgoin 2021)., Published as part of Constant, Jérôme & Pham, Hong Thai, 2022, The Lanternfly genus Pyrops in Vietnam: A new species from Central Vietnam, taxonomic changes, checklist, identification key (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae), pp. 123-154 in European Journal of Taxonomy 813 (1) on pages 126-130, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.813.1741, http://zenodo.org/record/6468100, {"references":["Distant W. L. 1918. The Homoptera of Indo-China. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Ser. 9) 1: 196 - 200. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931808562301","Lallemand V. 1960. De quibusdam Fulgoris. Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Staatsinstitut und Zoologischen Museum Hamburg 24: 1 - 7.","Atkinson E. T. 1885. Notes on Indian Rhynchota. No. 4. Journal and Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Calcutta 54: 127 - 158.","Westwood J. O. 1839. On the family Fulgoridae, with a monograph of the genus Fulgora of Linnaeus. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. Second series. Zoology 18: 133 - 153. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1838. tb 00167. x","Kirby W. F. 1818. A century of insects, including several new genera described from his cabinet. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. Second series. Zoology 12 (2): 375 - 453. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1817. tb 00239. x","Bourgoin T. 2021. FLOW (Fulgoromorpha Lists on The Web): a world knowledge base dedicated to Fulgoromorpha. Version 8, [3 Feb. 2022]. Available from http: // hemiptera-databases. org / flow / [accessed 8 Mar. 2022]."]}

Pyrops condorinus (Lallemand, 1960) Figs 4–5 Fulgora spinolae f. condorina Lallemand, 1960: 7 (described) [type in FSAG]. Fulgora spinolae condorina – Lallemand 1963: 76 (keyed). Pyrops condorina – Nagai & Porion 1996: 24 (catalogued), 29 (taxonomic note), pl. 12 fig. 170 (type illustrated). Pyrops spinolae condorinus – Liang 1998: 45 (taxonomic note). Pyrops condorinus – Constant et al. 2016: 10 (recorded from Cambodia, taxonomy, host plant), fig. 3E (live specimen). Material examined Holotype VIETNAM • ♂ of Fulgora spinolae condorina Lallemand, 1960 (dissected) (Fig. 4); Cochinchine, P. Condore; 14 Aug. 1924; R. Vitalis de Salvaza leg.; “Cochinchine, P. Condore, le 14.VIII.1924, R. Vitalis de Salvaza ”, “Type”, “Holotype ♂ Fulgora spinolae f. condorina Lallemand, 1960, Jérôme Constant det.”; FSAG. Note: “P. Condore” stands for “Poulo Condore”, a former name of Con Son Island in Con Dao Archipelago off Southern Vietnam. Additional material VIETNAM • 1 ♂ (dissected) (Fig. 5); Kiên Giang Province, Phu Quoc National Park; 10°19′30″ N, 103°57′00″ E; 14 Apr. 2013; H.T. Pham leg.; VNMN. Remark Intraspecific variation of the colour of the disc of the hind wings exists in this species, with specimens showing either bright yellow hind wings (Fig. 4) or milky white hind wings (Fig. 5). Conspecificity of both forms was confirmed by the study of the male genitalia., Published as part of Constant, Jérôme & Pham, Hong Thai, 2022, The Lanternfly genus Pyrops in Vietnam: A new species from Central Vietnam, taxonomic changes, checklist, identification key (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae), pp. 123-154 in European Journal of Taxonomy 813 (1) on page 131, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.813.1741, http://zenodo.org/record/6468100, {"references":["Lallemand V. 1960. De quibusdam Fulgoris. Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Staatsinstitut und Zoologischen Museum Hamburg 24: 1 - 7.","Lallemand V. 1963. Revision des Fulgoridae (Homoptera). Deuxieme partie. Faunes asiatique et australienne. Memoires de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique (2 e serie) 75: 1 - 99.","Nagai S. & Porion T. 1996. Fulgoridae 2: Catalogue illustre des Faunes asiatique et australienne. Sciences Nat, Compiegne.","Liang A. P. 1998. Nomenclatorial notes on the Oriental lantern fly genus Pyrops Spinola (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Fulgoridae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 23 (1): 41 - 47.","Constant J., Phauk S. & Bourgoin T. 2016. Updating lanternflies biodiversity knowledge in Cambodia (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae) by optimizing field work surveys with citizen science involvement through Facebook networking and data access in FLOW website. Belgian Journal of Entomology 37: 1 - 16."]}

Pyrops lathburii (Kirby, 1818) Figs 6–8, 14 Fulgora lathburii Kirby, 1818: 450 (described, compared with Pyrops rogersi (Distant, 1906)) [type in BMNH]. Fulgora astarte Distant, 1914: 409 (described) [type in BMNH]. syn. nov. Fulgora lathburii – Guérin-Méneville 1829: pl. 58 fig. 2 (illustrated). — Latreille 1837: pl. 68 fig. 2 (illustrated). — Spinola 1839: 234 (as “ Fulgora lathburyi ”, treated as a dark form of Pyrops candelaria Linné, 1758 (error!)). — Westwood 1839: 139 (described). — Comte 1840: pl. 68 (listed, illustrated). — Guérin-Méneville 1844: 357 (notes), pl. 58 fig. 2 (illustrated). — White 1844: 425 (recorded from Hong-Kong). — Burmeister 1845: unnumbered page, under genus Fulgora, subgenus Pyrops (as a variety of Fulgora (Pyrops) candelaria (error!)). — Guérin-Méneville 1845: xcvi (as “ Fulgora lothburii ”, close to Pyrops cyanirostris Guérin-Méneville, 1845). — Stål 1870: 741 (as “ Fulgora lathburi ”, compared with Pyrops philippinus Stål, 1870). — Butler 1874: 97 (listed with species with orange posterior hind wings). — Gadeau de Kerville 1881: 43 (listed as “ Fulgora lalhburi ” in “Série I”, species with orange wings, in a census of light-emitting insects). — Atkinson 1885: 129 (described). — Distant 1906: 186 (keyed, nomenclature, described, as “ Fulgora lathburi ”). — Schmidt 1911: 161 (as “ Fulgora lathburi ”, compared with Pyrops peguensis Schmidt, 1911). — Schmidt 1919: 126 (as “ Fulgora lathburi ”, listed from Canton (= Guangzhou)). — Baker 1925: 349 (keyed inside the candelaria species group), 351 (notes), pl. 3 fig. 2 (dorsal habitus), pl. 4 fig. 6 (lateral habitus). — Lallemand 1963: 86 (transferred to the pyrorhynchus species group, keyed, described), pl. xi figs 1–3 (male terminalia). Flata lathburii – Germar 1830: 46 (described). Hotinus lathburii – Amyot & Audinet-Serville 1843: 491 (transferred to Hotinus Amyot & Audinet- Serville). — Walker 1851: 266 (listed, recorded from Silhet (= Sylhet, Bangladesh)). — Dohrn 1859: 57 (listed in catalogue as “ Hotinus lathburi ”). — Girard 1885: 859 (as “ H. lathburi ”, described). Pyrops lathburii – Schaum 1850: 64 (transferred to Pyrops Spinola, 1839). — Nagai & Porion 1996: 25 (catalogued, recorded from Assam and Thailand), figs 194, 196, 198 (dorsal habitus). — Liang 1998: 43 (listed). — Pham 2011: 318 (recorded from Vietnam). — Constant 2015: 9 (note on intraspecific colour variation) — Constant et al. 2016: 15 (in list of species to look for in Cambodia). — Constant & Pham 2017: 18 (host plant). — Wang et al. 2018: 297 (keyed), 301 (nomenclature, measurements, description of male genitalia, diagnostic characters; records in China), figs 18–29 (colour variation, details of head, male terminalia). — Constant 2021: 14 (compared with Pyrops philippinus (Stål, 1870)). — Jiaranaisakul & Constant 2021: 18 (in list of species to look for in Khao Krachom Mountain, Thailand). Laternaria lathburii – Metcalf 1947: 197 (transferred to Laternaria Linné, 1964, catalogued). Fulgora astarte – Distant 1918: 198 (listed from Indochina), 199 (allied to Pyrops vitalisius Distant, 1918). — Lallemand 1963: 85 (placed in the pyrorhynchus species group, keyed, described). Laternaria astarte – Metcalf 1947: 186 (transferred to Laternaria Linné, 1964, catalogued). Pyrops astarte – Nagai & Porion 1996: 25 (transferred to Pyrops, catalogued, recorded from Vietnam and Thailand), figs 195, 197, 199 (dorsal habitus). — Pham & Ta 2004: 58 (in key to Fulgoridae of Vietnam). — Liang 1998: 42 (listed). — Pham 2011: 318 (record from Vietnam). — Constant 2021: 14 (compared with Pyrops philippinus (Stål, 1870)). Note: Wang et al. (2018) erroneously mentioned that the species was attributed to the pyrorhynchus group in Constant & Pham (2017). Material examined Lectotype of Fulgora lathburii Kirby, 1818 (Fig. 6), here designated to provide a stable reference for the taxonomy of the group CHINA • ♀; [China]; [D. Lathbury leg.]; “63 / 41”, “Lathburii K in L. Tr.”, “Kirby.”; BMNH. Note: The specimen was collected in China by D. Lathbury according to Kirby (1818). The code “63 / 41” refers to an entry in the Accession Register in BMNH starting on page 803 of the register and bearing a comment “These insects are the types of Mr Kirby’s Century of Insects [...]” (V. Lemaître pers. com., Jul. 2021). Holotype of Fulgora astarte Distant, 1914 (Fig. 7) VIETNAM • ♀; Indochina, [Lào Cai]; R. Vitalis leg.; “Indo-China (R. Vitalis)”, “ Fulgora astarte Type Dist.”, “Type H.T.”; BMNH. Note: The specimen was collected in Laokay (= Lào Cai) in North Vietnam according to Distant (1914). Additional material LAOS • 1 ♀; Vientiane; [17°58′ N, 102°36′ E]; I.G. 23.993; RBINS. THAILAND • 1 ♀; Phrae Province; May 2004; ex coll. Neef de Sainval; I.G. 30.731; RBINS • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Chiang Rai Province; Wiang Pa Pao; [19°20′54″ N, 99°30′24″ E]; 10–15 Apr. 2008; ex coll. A. Chaminade; I.G. 31.467; RBINS. VIETNAM • 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Cao Bang Province, Phia Den; [22°34′26″ N, 105°52′29″ E]; 8 Aug. 2010; J. Constant and P. Limbourg leg.; day time; I.G. 31.668; RBINS • 5 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; Tay Yen Tu Nature Reserve; 21°11′10″ N, 106°43′25″ E; 7–11 Jul. 2013; J. Constant and J. Bresseel leg.; I.G. 32.454; RBINS • 3 ♂♂; Bac Giang Province, Tay Yen Tu NR, Tram Dong Thong; 3 Jul. 2010; H.T. Pham leg.; VNMN • 1 ♀; [Hai Phong Province], Cat Ba National Park; 20°48′00″ N, 107°00′20″ E; 12–16 Jul. 2013; J. Constant and J. Bresseel leg.; day time; I.G. 32.454; RBINS • 5 ♀♀; [Vinh Phuc Province], Me Linh Biodiversity Station; [21°23′04″ N, 105°42′44″ E]; 20–24 Aug. 2010; J. Constant and P. Limbourg leg.; I.G. 31.668; RBINS • 1 ♀; [Vinh Phuc Province], Me Linh Biodiversity Station; [21°23′04″ N, 105°42′44″ E]; 29 Aug. 2010; J. Constant and P. Limbourg leg.; I.G. 31.668; RBINS • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Dao Tru, Lap Thach; 17 May 2001; V.T. Hoang leg.; VNMN • 3 ♀♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Me Linh; 24 Apr. 2001; V.T. Hoang leg.; VNMN • 2 ♂♂, 17 ♀♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Me Linh; 26 May 2001; V.T. Hoang leg.; VNMN • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Me Linh; 23 Apr. 2007; H.T. Pham leg.; VNMN • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Me Linh; 30–31 May 2007; H.T. Pham leg.; VNMN • 7 ♀♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Me Linh; 26 Jul. 2008; H.T. Pham leg.; VNMN • 2 ♀♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Me Linh; 11 Jun. 2009; H.T. Pham leg.; VNMN • 1 ♂, 10 ♀♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Me Linh; 21 May 2010; H.T. Pham leg.; VNMN • 13 ♀♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Me Linh; 22 May 2010; H.T. Pham leg.; VNMN • 3 ♂♂, 27 ♀♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Me Linh; 4–5 Jun. 2010; H.T. Pham leg.; VNMN • 9 ♀♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Me Linh; 10 Aug. 2011; V.T. Hoang leg.; VNMN • 1 ♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Me Linh; 1 Jun. 2012; V.T. Hoang leg.; VNMN • 8 ♀♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Me Linh; 9–10 Jun. 2012; V.T. Hoang leg.; VNMN • 4 ♀♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Me Linh; 12 Aug. 2011; V.T. Hoang leg.; VNMN • 1 ♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Tam Dao N.P.; May 1998; V.T. Hoang leg.; VNMN • 1 ♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Tam Dao N.P.; Apr. 1999; V.T. Hoang leg.; VNMN • 1 ♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Tam Dao N.P.; May 2003; H.T. Pham leg.; VNMN • 1 ♀; Hanoi, Hoan Kiem; 20 Aug. 2003; V.T. Hoang leg.; VNMN • 2 ♀♀; Thua Thien-Hue Province, Phong Dien, near VNMN station; 16°35′12″ N, 107°20′31″ E; 8–9 Apr. 2017; J. Constant and J. Bresseel leg.; I.G. 33.447; RBINS • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Quang Ninh Province, Dong Son-Ky Thuong nature reserve; 21°11′00.4″ N, 107°07′23.8″ E; 575 m a.s.l.; 26 Jul. 2020; H.T. Pham leg.; VNMN. Remark Intraspecific colour variation of the disc of the hind wings exists in this species, with specimens showing bright yellow hind wings and others, milky white. The colour of the tegmina also varies to a great extent, from very dark forms, nearly black with yellow spots ringed with white, to very pale forms, nearly white with yellow spots or even nearly white with cloudy darker, brownish markings in place of the yellow spots. Conspecificity of the different forms was confirmed by the study of the male genitalia and corroborated by the fact that the different forms are sympatric, as illustrated by a series from Chiang Mai collected in June 1992 in Nagai & Porion (1996: figs 194–199). The comparison of the illustrations of the types specimens (Figs 6A, 7A) with the line illustration of Guérin-Méneville (1829) (Fig. 8) which matches both type specimens is also very convincing. Distribution Northeastern India, southern China, northern Thailand, Laos, North and Central Vietnam. The species is recorded here from Laos for the first time. Checklist of the Vietnamese species of Pyrops Spinola, 1839 Pyrops atroalbus (Distant, 1918) Pyrops buomvoi sp. nov. Pyrops candelaria (Linné, 1758) Pyrops clavatus (Westwood, 1839) Pyrops coelestinus (Stål, 1863) Pyrops condorinus (Lallemand, 1960) Pyrops ducalis (Stål, 1863) Pyrops itoi (Satô & Nagai, 1994) Pyrops lathburii (Kirby, 1818) Pyrops spinolae (Westwood, 1842) Pyrops viridirostris (Westwood, 1848) Pyrops vitalisius (Distant, 1918) Identification key to the species of Pyrops of Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and Southern Continental China 1. Cephalic process strongly inflated apically (Figs 9–11)................................................................... 2 – Cephalic process not strongly inflated apically (Figs 12–19)........................................................... 3 2. Abdomen black ventrally (Fig. 9B); tegmina pale yellow-white on disc and with 3 black spots in costal area before nodal line (Fig. 9A); cephalic process yellow (Fig. 9).................................................................................................................................................. Pyrops atroalbus (Distant, 1918) – Abdomen red ventrally (Figs 10B, 11B); tegmina largely black on disc (Fig. 10A), or in the pale forms, bluish white on disc and without black spots in costal area (Fig. 11A, F); cephalic process red-brown to black (Figs 10–11)................................................. Pyrops clavatus (Westwood, 1839) 3. Head entirely green, hind wings bright yellow basally or entirely yellow-orange (Figs 12–13)..... 4 – Head not entirely green, hind wings yellow, white or blue basally (Figs 14–19)............................ 5 4. Hind wings bright yellow with apical third black (Fig. 12A); ground colour of distal half of tegmina black (Fig. 12A); anterior and median legs largely black (Fig. 12A–C)............................................................................................................................................ Pyrops viridirostris (Westwood, 1848) – Hind wings entirely bright yellow-orange (Fig. 13A); ground colour of distal half of tegmina green (Fig. 13A); anterior and median legs green (Fig. 13A–C)............ Pyrops itoi (Satô & Nagai, 1994) 5. Cephalic process black or brown-black dorsally, yellowish ventrally (Figs 4–5, 14–15); pro- and mesonotum with median black or dark brown markings (Figs 4–5, 14–15).................................... 6 – Cephalic process yellow-red to red-brown dorsally, paler, yellow to dark red ventrally (Figs 16–19); pronotum unicolourous, mesonotum sometimes with small brown-black markings on sides (Figs 16– 19)..................................................................................................................................................... 8 6. Apex of cephalic process coloured like the rest of the process (Figs 4–5, 15)................................. 7 – Apex of cephalic process yellow to orange-red, strongly contrasting (Figs 6–7, 14).................................................................................................................................... Pyrops lathburii (Kirby, 1818) 7. Tegmina narrower: LTg/BTg = 2.9 (Figs 4A, 5A); spots on basal half of tegmina not fused into bands (Figs 4A, 5A); cephalic process narrower (LPr/BPrH> 9) (Figs 4–5); hind wings bright yellow (Fig. 4A) or white basally (Fig. 5A)...................................... Pyrops condorinus (Lallemand, 1960) – Tegmina broader: LTg/BTg = 2.53 (Fig. 15A); spots on basal half of tegmina fused into transverse bands (Fig. 15A); cephalic process broader (LPr/BPrH Pyrops spinolae (Westwood, 1842) 8. Hind wings white with sutural margin bordered with black up to the anal lobe (Fig. 1A); cephalic process very narrow (LPr/BPrH = 19) (Fig. 1)............................................ Pyrops buomvoi sp. nov. – Hind wings white, bright yellow or blue with only apical third black (Figs 16A, 17A, 18A, 19A); cephalic process broader (LPr/BPrH Pyrops candelaria (Linné, 1758) – Hind wings white or blue basally (Figs 17A, 18A, 19A); cephalic process dark red-brown and dark red ventrally or dark red, orange ventrally and at apex (Figs 17–19); yellow spots on membrane of tegmina (Figs 18–19) or not (Fig. 17)............................................................................................ 10 10. Tegmina without yellow spots on membrane (Fig. 17A); cephalic process dark red, orange ventrally and at apex (Fig. 17); hind wings pale blue to white basally (Fig. 17A); basal half of tegmina whitish with white-margined green spots in transverse rows, sometimes fused in bands (Fig. 17A)............................................................................................... Pyrops ducalis (Stål, 1863) – Tegmina with yellow spots on membrane (Figs 18A, 19A); cephalic process dark red-brown, dark red ventrally (Figs 18–19); hind wings white or blue basally; basal half of tegmina dark green or dark blue-green with yellow spots (Figs 18A, 19A)................................................................................11 11. Hind wings blue basally (sometimes faded to nearly white in collections specimens) (Fig. 18A); cephalic process very elongate and strongly curved dorsad (Fig. 18); ground colour of tegmina dark blue-green (Fig. 18A)....................................................................... Pyrops coelestinus (Stål, 1863) – Hind wings white basally (Fig. 19A); cephalic process very elongate and curved dorsad (Fig. 19); ground colour of tegmina green (Fig. 19A).................................... Pyrops vitalisius (Distant, 1918) Identification key to the species of Pyrops of Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and Southern Continental China 1. Cephalic process strongly inflated apically (Figs 9–11)................................................................... 2 – Cephalic process not strongly inflated apically (Figs 12–19)........................................................... 3 2. Abdomen black ventrally (Fig. 9B); tegmina pale yellow-white on disc and with 3 black spots in costal area before nodal line (Fig. 9A); cephalic process yellow (Fig. 9).................................................................................................................................................. Pyrops atroalbus (Distant, 1918) – Abdomen red ventrally (Figs 10B, 11B); tegmina largely black on disc (Fig. 10A), or in the pale forms, bluish white on disc and without black spots in costal area (Fig. 11A, F); cephalic process red-brown to black (Figs 10–11)................................................. Pyrops clavatus (Westwood, 1839) 3. Head entirely green, hind wings bright yellow basally or entirely yellow-orange (Figs 12–13)..... 4 – Head not entirely green, hind wings yellow, white or blue basally (Figs 14–19)............................ 5 4. Hind wings bright yellow with apical third black (Fig. 12A); ground colour of distal half of tegmina black (Fig. 12A); anterior and median legs largely black (Fig. 12A–C)............................................................................................................................................ Pyrops viridirostris (Westwood, 1848) – Hind wings entirely bright yellow-orange (Fig. 13A); ground colour of distal half of tegmina green (Fig. 13A); anterior and median legs green (Fig. 13A–C)............ Pyrops itoi (Satô & Nagai, 1994) 5. Cephalic process black or brown-black dorsally, yellowish ventrally (Figs 4–5, 14–15); pro- and mesonotum with median black or dark brown markings (Figs 4–5, 14–15).................................... 6 – Cephalic process yellow-red to red-brown dorsally, paler, yellow to dark red ventrally (Figs 16–19); pronotum unicolourous, mesonotum sometimes with small brown-black markings on sides (Figs 16– 19).........................................................................................................................., Published as part of Constant, Jérôme & Pham, Hong Thai, 2022, The Lanternfly genus Pyrops in Vietnam: A new species from Central Vietnam, taxonomic changes, checklist, identification key (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae), pp. 123-154 in European Journal of Taxonomy 813 (1) on pages 131-139, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.813.1741, http://zenodo.org/record/6468100, {"references":["Kirby W. F. 1818. A century of insects, including several new genera described from his cabinet. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. Second series. Zoology 12 (2): 375 - 453. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1817. tb 00239. x","Distant W. L. 1906. Rhynchota Vol. 3. Heteroptera-Homoptera. In: C. T. Bingham (ed.) The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Taylor and Francis, London. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 48423","Distant W. L. 1914. Some additions to the genera and species in the Homopterous family Fulgoridae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. London. (Ser. 8) 13: 409 - 424. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931408693503","Guerin-Meneville F. E. 1829. Homoptera. In: Cuvier G. L. C. F. D. 1829 Iconographie du regne animal: 58 - 59. Chez J. B. Bailliere, Paris.","Latreille P. A. 1837. The Crustacea, Arachnides & Insecta. In: Cuvier G. L. C. F. D. 1837. The Animal Kingdom, Arranged According to its Organization, Serving as a Foundation for the Natural History of Animals: and an Introduction to Comparative Anatomy. Volume 4. G. Henderson, 1834 - 1837, London. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 89417","Spinola M. 1839. Essai sur les Fulgorelles, sous-tribu de la tribu des Cicadaires, ordre des Rhyngotes. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 8: 133 - 337. Available from http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 33710046 [accessed 17 Mar. 2017].","Westwood J. O. 1839. On the family Fulgoridae, with a monograph of the genus Fulgora of Linnaeus. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. Second series. Zoology 18: 133 - 153. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.1838. tb 00167. x","Comte J. A. 1840. Regne animal dispose en tableaux methodiques. Fortin Masson et Cie, Paris.","Guerin-Meneville F. E. 1844. Insectes. In: Cuvier G. L. C. F. D. 1844 Iconographie du regne animal: 355 - 370. Chez J. B. Bailliere, Paris.","White A. 1844. Descriptions of some new species of Coleoptera and Homoptera from China. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 14: 422 - 426. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 037454809495213","Burmeister H. C. C. 1845. Rhynchota. No. 8. Fam. Fulgorina Gen. Fulgora. In: Burmeister H. C. C. 1838 - 1846 Genera quaedam insectorum. Iconibus illustravit et descripsit Vol. 1. Sumtibus A. Burmeister, Berlin (Germany). https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8144","Guerin-Meneville F. E. 1845. (Fulgora cyanirostris. Guer.). Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France. (Ser. 2) 3: xcvi.","Stal C. 1870. Hemiptera insularum Philippinarum. Bidrag till Philippinska oarnes Hemipter-fauna. Ofversigt af Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar. Stockholm 27: 607 - 776. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 61898","Butler A. G. 1874. List of the species of Fulgora, with description of new forms in the collections of the British Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London: 97 - 102. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1874. tb 02457. x","Gadeau de Kerville H. 1881. Insectes Phosphorescents. Leon Deshays, Rouen.","Atkinson E. T. 1885. Notes on Indian Rhynchota. No. 4. Journal and Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Calcutta 54: 127 - 158.","Schmidt E. 1911. Neue Fulgoriden. Zoologischer Anzeiger 38: 161 - 171.","Schmidt E. 1919. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Zikadenfauna von Canton (China). Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 85 (7): 121 - 128. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 47756 (accessed 8 Mar. 2022).","Baker C. F. 1925. Remarks on certain Indo-Malayan Fulgora, with special reference to Philippines species. Philippines Journal of Science 28: 343 - 364.","Lallemand V. 1963. Revision des Fulgoridae (Homoptera). Deuxieme partie. Faunes asiatique et australienne. Memoires de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique (2 e serie) 75: 1 - 99.","Lallemand V. 1960. De quibusdam Fulgoris. Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Staatsinstitut und Zoologischen Museum Hamburg 24: 1 - 7.","Germar E. F. 1830. Species Cicadarium enumeratae et sub genera distributae. Thon's Entomologisches Archiv 2 (2): 1 - 57.","Amyot C. & Audinet-Serville J. 1843. Deuxieme partie. Homopteres. Homoptera Latr. Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Hemipteres. Librairie encyclopedique de Roret, Paris. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8471","Walker F. 1851. List of the Specimens of Homopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Vol. 2: 261 - 636. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London.","Dohrn F. A. 1859. Homoptera. Catalogus Hemipterorum. Herausgegeben von dem entomologischen Vereine zu Stettin 1859: 56 - 93.","Girard M. 1885. Traite elementaire d'Entomologie. Vol. 3. J. - B. Bailliere, Paris.","Schaum H. R. 1850. Fulgorellae. Erster Section A - G. In: Ersch I. S. & Gruber I. G. (eds) Allgemeine Encyklopadie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alnhaberischen folge von Genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet und herausgegeben 51: 58 - 73. Brockhaus Verlag, Mannheim.","Nagai S. & Porion T. 1996. Fulgoridae 2: Catalogue illustre des Faunes asiatique et australienne. Sciences Nat, Compiegne.","Liang A. P. 1998. Nomenclatorial notes on the Oriental lantern fly genus Pyrops Spinola (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Fulgoridae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 23 (1): 41 - 47.","Pham H. T. 2011. A checklist of the family Fulgoridae (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea) from Vietnam. In: Proceedings of the 3 rd National Scientific Conference on Ecology and Biological Resources Hanoi, 22 October 2009: 317 - 321. [In Vietnamese.]","Constant J. 2015. Review of the effusus group of the Lanternfly genus Pyrops Spinola, 1839, with one new species and notes on trophobiosis (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae). European Journal of Taxonomy 128: 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2015.128","Constant J., Phauk S. & Bourgoin T. 2016. Updating lanternflies biodiversity knowledge in Cambodia (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae) by optimizing field work surveys with citizen science involvement through Facebook networking and data access in FLOW website. Belgian Journal of Entomology 37: 1 - 16.","Constant J. & Pham H. T. 2017. Review of the clavatus group of the lanternfly genus Pyrops (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae). European Journal of Taxonomy, 305: 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2017.305","Wang W. Q., Xu S. - L. & Qin D. - Z. 2018. The lanternfly genus Pyrops Spinola (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) from China with description of a new species. Entomotaxonomia 40 (4): 296 - 309. https: // doi. org / 10.11680 / entomotax. 2018031","Jiaranaisakul K. & Constant J. 2021. The lanternflies (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha, Fulgoridae) of Khao Krachom Mountain, Thailand. Far Eastern Entomologist 435: 7 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.25221 / fee. 435.2","Metcalf Z. P. 1947. General Catalogue of the Homoptera. Fascicle IV Fulgoroidea. Part 9 Fulgoridae. North Carolina State College, Raleigh (USA).","Distant W. L. 1918. The Homoptera of Indo-China. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Ser. 9) 1: 196 - 200. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931808562301","Pham H. T. & Ta H. T. 2004. Key to the species of the family Fulgoridae (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea) in Vietnam. Journal of Biology 26 (3 A): 57 - 60. [In Vietnamese.]"]}

A new species of the genus Pyrops Spinola, 1839 (Fulgoridae), P. buomvoi sp. nov., is described from Ca Na, Ninh Thuan Province in Central Vietnam. It is attributed to the candelaria group and compared with the other species of the genus. Pyrops lathburii (Kirby, 1818) is proposed as a senior synonym of P. astarte (Distant, 1914), transferred back to the candelaria group from the pyrrhorhynchus group, and recorded from Laos for the first time. The candelaria and pyrorhynchus groups are defined and commented on. Intraspecific variation in the colour of the hind wings is recorded for the first time in Pyrops condorinus (Lallemand, 1960). A checklist of the 12 Vietnamese species of Pyrops and an illustrated key which can also be used for Laos, Cambodia and Southern Continental China, are given. Pyrops buomvoi sp. nov. is the first new species of Pyrops discovered in Indochina for more than 50 years. Intraspecific colour variation in the species of Pyrops is briefly discussed.

Limois guangxiensis Chou & Wang, 1985 Figs 2, 14 E–H Limois guangxiensis Chou & Wang, in Chou et al. 1985a: 31. Limois guangxiensis – Chou et al. 1985b: 111. Diagnosis (1) Frons with two longitudinal carinae (Fig. 2E), cephalic process of vertex relatively long, surpassing posterior margin of vertex but not reaching the middle of pronotum (Fig. 2 C–D, F); (2) pronotum and mesonotum rusty brown, pronotum covered with numerous dark spots centrally and posteriorly, mesonotum covered with numerous dark spots on disc, with 4 irregular dark patches near each posterolateral angle (Fig. 2D); (3) tegmina with basal ⅗ and costal area pale reddish brown, apical ⅖ hyaline with a broad brown stripe obliquely extending to the apical angle (Fig. 2A, C); hindwings red on basal ¾ and hyaline on remaining area, between them with a sinuate brownish fascia (Fig. 2A); (4) abdomen sordid orange, anterior margin dark brown on each tergite (Fig. 2A). Material examined Holotype CHINA • ♀ (see Figs 2 A–F, 14E–H); Guangxi, Longsheng; 30 Aug. 1964; Liang-chen Wang leg.; NWAFU HO088505. Additional material CHINA • 1 Ƌ; Fujian, Taiwu; 15 Aug. 1982; Xiang-dong Ye leg.; NWAFU HO088509. Description MEASUREMENTS. Body length: ♀ (holotype of L. guangxiensis) 15.9 mm; Ƌ 11.5 mm. Wingspan. ♀ (holotype of L. guangxiensis) 50.2 mm; Ƌ 47.4 mm. MALE GENITALIA. Pygofer in profile with ventral margin slightly concave, laterocaudal margin slightly convex (Figs 2G, 14E). Anal tube long, apical margin rounded, intersection with dorsal margin at obtuse angle in lateral view, epiproct obtusely angled apically in dorsal view (Figs 2G, I, 14E). Gonostyli oval, widest in middle in lateral view, (Figs 2G, 14E). Endosomal processes sclerotized over entire length, about 6.0 times as long as sheath, apical ⅗ exposed, terminally inflated and hook-shaped (Figs 2 J–K, 14G–H). Connective rod-like, sclerotized. Tectiductus large in lateral view, rectangular (Figs 2G, 14E). Distribution China (Guangxi, Fujian).

Limois kikuchii Kato, 1932 Figs 4–5, 14 M–Q Limois kikuchii Kato, 1932: 225. Limois kikuchii – Chou et al. 1985a: 30. — Chou et al. 1985b: 108. Diagnosis (1) Frons medially with 3 longitudinal carinae, the median carina tinier, all not reaching fronto-clypeal suture (Fig. 4C), cephalic process of vertex moderate in length, not reaching posterior margin of vertex (Fig. 4B, E); (2) pronotum brown with one longitudinal broken band on each side of median carina, blackish brown; mesonotum covered with numerous dark spots on disc, with 3 pairs of dark patches along anterior margin and one dark triangular patch on each lateral area (Fig. 4B); (3) tegmina with a transverse irregular dark brown band on basal ⅖ (extending to posterior margin) and reddish yellow on costal area and basal ½ followed by some brown patches and spots in apical half on hyaline area (Fig. 4A, D, F); hindwings red orange on basal half and hyaline on apical half (Fig. 4A, D); (4) abdominal tergite brown except anterior margin dark on each segment, sternites dark (Fig. 4A). Material examined CHINA • 1 Ƌ (see Figs 4–5, 14 M–Q); Manchuria; 1 Sep. 1932; K. Kikuchi leg.; RBINS • 1 ♀; Mukden; 3 Sept. 1928; FSAG • 1 Ƌ, 2 ♀♀; Shaanxi, Tongchuan; Sep. 1980; Yun-zhou Jiang & Da-xin Chen leg.; NWAFU. Description MEASUREMENTS. Body length: ♀ 9.5–10.5 mm; Ƌ 9.4–10 mm. Wingspan: ♀ 37.6–40.5 mm; Ƌ 32.5– 34.4 mm. MALE GENITALIA. Laterocaudal margin of pygofer slightly convex (Figs 5A, 14M). Anal tube moderate, apical margin truncate, intersected with dorsal margin at almost right angle in lateral view, epiproct acutely angled apically in dorsal view (Figs 5A, C, 14M). Gonostyli elongate, subtriangular in lateral view, apically rounded (Figs 5A, B, 14M, N). Endosomal processes about 5.0 times as long as sheath, apical 1/3 exposed, apically sinuate and inflated (Figs 5 D–F, 14O–Q). Connective and tectiductus unrecognizable. Distribution China [northern China (Kato 1932, 1933), Shaanxi, Beijing (Liang 2005)], Korea (Kato 1933; Metcalf 1947)., Published as part of Wang, Wen-Qian, Constant, Jérôme & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2020, Revision of the lanternfly genus Limois Stål, 1863 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae) with description of a new species from China, pp. 35-61 in European Journal of Taxonomy 720 on pages 43-46, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.720.1113, http://zenodo.org/record/4071715, {"references":["Kato M. 1932. Notes on some Homoptera from South Manchurai, collected by Mr. Yukimichi Kikuchi. Kontyu. Tokyo Entomological Society 5: 216 - 229.","Chou I., Wang S. Z. & Huang J. 1985 a. Description of new species of Fulgoroidea from China (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Entomotaxonomia 7: 30 - 38.","Chou I., Lu J. S., Huang J. & Wang S. Z. (eds) 1985 b. Economic Insect Fauna of China. Vol. 36: Homoptera: Fulgoroidea. Science Press, Beijing.","Kato M. 1933. Three Colour Illustrated Insects of Japan. Fasc. IV: Homoptera. Koseikaku, Tokyo.","Liang A. P. 2005. Occurrence of the latero-subapical labial sensillum in Borysthenes maculata and Andes marmorata (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae). Journal of Entomological Science 40 (4): 428 - 437. https: // doi. org / 10.18474 / 0749 - 8004 - 40.4.428","Metcalf Z. P. 1947. General Catalogue of the Hemiptera. Fasc. IV: Fulgoroidea. Part. 9: Fulgoridae. North Carolina State College, Raleigh (NC)."]}

Limois emelianovi Oshanin, 1908 Figs 11–12, 15 J–N Limois emelianovi Oshanin, 1908: 468. Material examined RUSSIA • 1 Ƌ (Figs 11–12, 15 J–N); Vladivostok; Aug. 1967; Anufriev leg.; RBINS • 1 Ƌ; Primorsky Krai; 8 Sept. 1961; J. Vilbaste leg.; FSAG. Description MEASUREMENTS. Body length: Ƌ 9 mm. Wingspan: Ƌ 33 mm. MALE GENITALIA. Pygofer with ventral margin sinuate in lateral view; posterior margin in lateral view slightly convex, emarginate on ventral ¼; in dorsal view deeply, roundly emarginate posteriorly (Figs 12A, 15J). Anal tube massive, in lateral view reaching level of apex of gonostyli, ventral margin sinuate, apical margin obliquely truncate, intersecting with dorsal margin at obtuse angle, in dorsal view, widening from base to apex, 1.36 times broader at apex than long in median line, apical margin roundly emarginate in dorsal view; epiproct right-angled apically, paraproct slender in dorsal view (Figs 12 A– B, 15J). Gonostyli subtriangular in lateral view, rounded apically, apical margin straight in middle, in ventral view gonostyli connected in basal ⅕, lateral tooth slender, directed posteroventrally, then curved ventrally towards apex (Figs 12A, F, 15 J–K). Endosomal processes sclerotized over entire length, about 4.0 times as long as sheath, apical ½ exposed and terminally membranous and inflated (Figs 12 C–E, 15L–N). Connective rod-like. Tectiductus large, in lateral view subrectangular, in dorsal view broad, apically rounded and distinctly concave ventrally (Figs 12 C–E, 15L–N). Distribution China (Gansu, Dongbei), Russia (Oshanin 1908; Anufriev 2009), Korea (Doi 1932a, 1932b; Kwon & Huh 2001)., Published as part of Wang, Wen-Qian, Constant, Jérôme & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2020, Revision of the lanternfly genus Limois Stål, 1863 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae) with description of a new species from China, pp. 35-61 in European Journal of Taxonomy 720 on pages 54-55, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.720.1113, http://zenodo.org/record/4071715, {"references":["Oshanin V. T. 1908. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der palearktischen Hemipteren. I. Neue Gattungen und Arten von Homopteren aus Russisch-Asien. Annuaire du Musee zoologique de l'Academie imperiale des Sciences de St. - Petersbourg 12: 463 - 477.","Anufriev G. A. 2009. Cicadina. In: 2009 - Insects of Lazovsky Nature Reserve: 52 - 69. Russian Academy of Sciences, Far Eastern Branch, Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Vladivostok Dalnauka (Russia).","Doi H. 1932 a. Miscellaneous notes on insects I. Journal of Chosen Natural History Society 13: 30 - 49.","Doi H. 1932 b. Miscellaneous notes on insects II. Journal of Chosen Natural History Society 14: 64 - 78.","Kwon Y. J. & Huh E. Y. 2001. Suborder Acuchenorrhyncha. Economic Insects of Korea 19. Insecta Koreana Supplement 26: 320 - 329."]}

Limois westwoodii (Hope, 1843) Figs 8–10, 15 E–I Lystra westwoodii Hope, 1843: 133. Limois westwoodii – Stål 1863: 231. — Distant 1906: 200. — Metcalf 1947: 170. — Lallemand 1963: 55. — Nagai & Porion 1996: 22. Diagnosis (1) Frons with 2 longitudinal carinae (Figs 8D, 9D, F), cephalic process of vertex of moderate length, not surpassing anterior margin of pronotum (Figs 8B, F, 9B, H); (2) pronotum and mesonotum olivaceous, pronotum with one longitudinal broken black band on each side of median carina; mesonotum with 3 pairs of dark patches along anterior margin and one irregular patch on each lateral side (Figs 8B, 9B); (3) tegmina with a transverse irregular reddish brown band on basal half and ochraceous on costal area and basal ½ followed by some brown patches and spots in apical half on hyaline area (Figs 8A, C, E, 9A, E, G); hindwings sanguineous on basal ⅗ and hyaline on the apical ⅖, between them a sinuate brown fascia (Figs 8A, C, 9A, E); and (4) abdomen dark, posterior margin whitish on each segment (Figs 8A, 9A). Material examined Holotype BANGLADESH • ♀ (see Fig. 9 A–H); Frederick John Parry leg.; OUMNH. Additional material MYANMAR • 1 Ƌ; Nat Ma Taung; Oct. 2003; 2000 m; local collector leg.; RBINS (see Figs 8 A–F, 10A–F, 15E–I). CHINA • 1 ♀; Maku; 20 Nov. 1973; Yun-xing Gan leg.; NWAFU HO088506 • 1 ♀; locality unknown; 21 Dec. 1973; Yun-xing Gan leg.; NWAFU HO088507. Description MEASUREMENTS. Body length: ♀ 12.5–12.6 mm; Ƌ 12.4 mm. Wingspan: ♀ 47.5–48.4 mm; Ƌ 47 mm. MALE GENITALIA. Pygofer in profile with ventral margin slightly concave; laterocaudal margin slightly convex (Figs 10A, 15E). Anal tube moderate, apical margin truncate, intersection with dorsal margin at obtuse angle in lateral view, epiproct acutely angled apically, paraproct long, subulate in dorsal view (Figs 10A, C, 15E). Gonostyli subtriangular, apically rounded in lateral view (Figs 10A, 15E). Endosomal processes about 5.0 times as long as sheath, apical ½ exposed, apically sinuate and inflated (Figs 10 D–F, 15G–I). Tectiductus unrecognizable in lateral view. Distribution China (Xizang), Bangladesh (Hope 1843)., Published as part of Wang, Wen-Qian, Constant, Jérôme & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2020, Revision of the lanternfly genus Limois Stål, 1863 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae) with description of a new species from China, pp. 35-61 in European Journal of Taxonomy 720 on pages 49-52, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.720.1113, http://zenodo.org/record/4071715, {"references":["Hope F. W. 1843. On some rare and beautiful insects from Silhet, chiefly in the collection of Frederick John Parry, Esq. F. L. S. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 19 (2): 131 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1842. tb 00358. x","Stal C. 1863. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Fulgoriden. Entomologische Zeitung. Herausgegeben von dem entomologischen Vereine zu Stettin 24: 230 - 251.","Distant W. L. 1906. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Rhynchota. Vol. 3: Heteroptera-Homoptera. Taylor & Francis, London.","Metcalf Z. P. 1947. General Catalogue of the Hemiptera. Fasc. IV: Fulgoroidea. Part. 9: Fulgoridae. North Carolina State College, Raleigh (NC).","Lallemand V. 1963. Revision des Fulgoridae (Homoptera). Deuxieme partie. Faunes asiatique et australienne. Memoires de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique (2 e serie) 75. Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Brussels.","Nagai S. & Porion T. 1996. Fulgoridae 2. Illustrated Catalogue of the Asian and Australian Fauna. Sciences Nat, Venette."]}

Limois hunanensis Chou & Wang, 1985 Figs 3, 14 I–L Limois hunanensis Chou & Wang, in Chou et al. 1985a: 30. Limois hunanensis – Chou et al. 1985b: 110. Diagnosis (1) Frons with 2 longitudinal carinae (Fig. 3B), cephalic process of vertex long, surpassing anterior margin of pronotum (Fig. 3A, C); (2) pronotum and mesonotum creamy yellow, pronotum with 2 dark spots anteriorly, mesonotum with 3 pairs of dark patches along anterior margin and the middle pair covered by pronotum, one large irregular patch on each side of median carina, each lateral area with 1 large irregular patch (Fig. 3A); (3) tegmina with a transverse irregular dark brown band on basal ⅖ (not reaching posterior margin) and reddish on basal ⅖ and costal area followed by some brown patches and spots in apical half (Fig. 3D); hindwings red on basal half and hyaline on apical half, between them a sinuate blackish brown fascia; and (4) abdominal tergites yellowish brown, anterior margin black-brown on each tergite, sternites dark brown. Material examined Holotype CHINA • Ƌ (see Figs 3, 14 I–L); Hunan, Daoxian, alt. 1600 m; 27 Aug. 1982; Xin-wang Tong leg.; NWAFU HO088511. Description MEASUREMENTS. Body length (from the original description of Chou et al. 1985a): Ƌ (holotype) 9 mm. Wingspan: Ƌ (holotype) 40 mm. MALE GENITALIA. Pygofer in profile with ventral and laterocaudal margins almost straight (Figs 3E, 14I). Anal tube moderate, apical margin truncate, intersection with dorsal margin at obtuse angle in lateral view, epiproct acutely angled apically in dorsal view (Figs 3E, G, 14I). Gonostyli triangular in outline, widest near apex, apically almost truncate in middle (Figs 3 E–F, 14I–J). Endosomal processes mostly sclerotized, about 5.0 times as long as sheath, apical ½ exposed, slightly inflexed and inflated (Figs 3 H– I, 14K–L). Connective unrecognizable. Tectiductus small, unrecognizable more or less. Distribution China (Hunan).

Limois chagyabensis Chou & Lu, 1981 Figs 1, 14 A–D Limois chagyabensis Chou & Lu, 1981: 221. Limois chagyabensis – Chou et al. 1985b: 109. Diagnosis (1) Frons medially with 3 longitudinal carinae, median carina tinier, all not reaching fronto-clypeal suture (Fig. 1 E–F), cephalic process of vertex moderate in length, reaching posterior margin of vertex (Fig. 1D, G); (2) pronotum red-brown with one longitudinal broken band on each side of median carina, blackish brown, mesonotum yellow, with 3 pairs of dark patches along anterior margin and one dark triangular patch on each lateral area, with one large irregular patch on each side of median carina (Fig. 1D); (3) tegmina with a transverse irregular dark brown band on basal ⅖ (not reaching posterior margin) and orange-yellow on costal area and basal half followed by some brown patches and spots on hyaline area (Fig. 1 A–C); hindwings reddish yellow on basal half (red in fresh specimens), the apical half hyaline (Fig. 1 A–B); (4) abdominal segment dark, posterior margin testaceous (Fig. 1A). Material examined Holotype CHINA • ♀ (see Figs 1 A–G, 14A–D); Xizang, Chaya, Jitang; alt. 3200 m; 15 Sep. 1976; Xue-zhong Zhang leg.; NWAFU. Allotype CHINA • ♀; same data as for holotype; NWAFU. Additional material CHINA • 1 Ƌ; Shaanxi, Baliguan; 16 Aug. 1983; De-jin Zhao leg.; NWAFU HO088523 • 1 ♀; Shaanxi, Zhenba; 5 Oct. 1981; collector unknown; NWAFU HO088514 • 1 ♀; Sichuan, Wolong Nature Reserve; alt. 1940 m; 25 Nov. 1982; Jian-guo Yang leg.; NWAFU HO088508 • 1 ♀; Shaanxi, Liuba; Aug. 1980; Yan-hua Wei leg.; NWAFU HO088518. Description MEASUREMENTS. Body length: ♀ 9.8–12 mm; Ƌ 9.2 mm. Wingspan: ♀ 39.6–44.7 mm; Ƌ 34.8 mm. MALE GENITALIA. Pygofer in profile with ventral margin straight, laterocaudal margin slightly convex (Figs 1H, 14A). Anal tube moderate in length, ventral margin slightly concave in basal ¾, apical margin truncate, intersected with dorsal margin at almost right angle in lateral view, epiproct acutely angled apically in dorsal view (Figs 1H, J, 14A). Gonostyli subtriangular, apically almost straight in lateral view (Figs 1H, 14A). Endosomal processes sclerotized, about 3.5 times as long as sheath, apical half exposed, inflexed and inflated at apex (Figs 1 K–L, 14C–D). Connective linear (Fig. 14A). Tectiductus unrecognizable in lateral view. Distribution China (Xizang, Shaanxi, Sichuan). Remarks When listing the type specimens of this species, Chou & Lu (1981) stated that the holotype was male but in fact it is a female., Published as part of Wang, Wen-Qian, Constant, Jérôme & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2020, Revision of the lanternfly genus Limois Stål, 1863 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae) with description of a new species from China, pp. 35-61 in European Journal of Taxonomy 720 on pages 37-39, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.720.1113, http://zenodo.org/record/4071715, {"references":["Chou I. & Lu J. S. 1981. Homoptera: Fulgoroidea. In: Chen S. X. (ed.) Insects of Xizang. The Series of the Expedition to the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Vol. 1: 225 - 226. Science Press, Beijing.","Chou I., Lu J. S., Huang J. & Wang S. Z. (eds) 1985 b. Economic Insect Fauna of China. Vol. 36: Homoptera: Fulgoroidea. Science Press, Beijing."]}

Limois bifasciatus Ollenbach, 1928 Fig. 13 Limois bifasciatus Ollenbach, 1928: 281. Material examined from photograph INDIA • 1 Ƌ, holotype of Limois bifasciatus (see Fig. 13); Mussoorie United Provinces; O.C. Ollenbach leg.; O.C. Ollenbach det.; FRI-NFIC. Distribution India., Published as part of Wang, Wen-Qian, Constant, Jérôme & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2020, Revision of the lanternfly genus Limois Stål, 1863 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae) with description of a new species from China, pp. 35-61 in European Journal of Taxonomy 720 on pages 55-56, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.720.1113, http://zenodo.org/record/4071715, {"references":["Ollenbach O. C. 1928. New species of Cicadidae and Fulgoridae from India and Burma (Hemipt.). Indian Forest Records 13 (6): 271 - 282."]}

Genus Limois Stål, 1863 Limois Stål, 1863: 230. Type species: L. westwoodii (Hope, 1843). Limois – Metcalf 1947: 170. — Lallemand 1963: 54. — Chou & Lu 1981: 221. — Chou et al. 1985a: 30. — Chou et al. 1985b: 108. — Nagai & Porion 1996: 22. Re-description HEAD (including eyes). Much narrower than pronotum (Figs 8B, 9B). Vertex slightly produced in front of eyes, vertex about 2 times as broad as an eye, medially with reflexed protuberance (Fig. 9B, H). Pronotum almost twice as broad as vertex, with deeply impressed point at each side of median carina, each lateral area with one rounded dark spot behind eyes, lateral carinae sinuate. Mesonotum tricarinate in disc, median carina straight, intermediate carinae curved, reaching posterior margin (Figs 8B, 9B). Frons distinctly narrower from fronto-clypeal suture to apex, lateral margins carinate, medially with 2 or 3 longitudinal carinae; clypeus narrower and shorter than frons, labium elongate, median carina on clypeus (Figs 4C, 9D). Tegmina elongate, slightly broadened distad with the maximum width near apex, apically obliquely rounded, venation reticulate, tegmina hyperpterous, much longer than hindwing (Fig. 9A). Hindwing posterior margin indented at PCu level, apical cell and clavus venation reticulate (Fig. 8A). Metatibiae with 4–7 lateral spines (Fig. 9E). MALE GENITALIA. Pygofer symmetrical, narrow and subquadrangular in lateral view, ventrally longer than dorsally, ventrocaudal angle slightly produced caudad (Fig. 10A). Anal tube subtriangular in lateral view, in dorsal view gradually broadened distad, apical margin concave; epiproct and paraproct separated in lateral view, in dorsal view epiproct short and broad, paraproct slender, surpassing the end of anal tube (Fig. 10A, C). Gonostyli subtriangular or oval in lateral view, submedially with a hookshaped process near dorsal side, in ventral view the styles connect only at base (Fig. 10A, B). Aedeagus reduced, membranous endosoma with a dorsal pair of lobes surrounding a ventral pair of lobes and the sclerotized endosomal processes, the endosomal processes paired, apical portion exposed and curved dorsad in lateral view, terminally inflated (Fig. 10 D–F). Distribution China (northeast China, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Beijing, Gansu, Ningxia, Xizang, Hunan, Sichuan, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan), Japan, Korea, Russia, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar (Fig. 16). Remarks Lallemand (1963) established the tribe Limoisini belonging to the subfamily Aphaeninae Blanchard, 1847 and assigned Limois, together with four other genera (Bloeteanella Lallemand, 1963, Erilla Distant, 1906, Hellerides Lallemand, 1963 which was synonymized with Zophiuma Fennah, 1955 by Liang (1995) in the family Lophopidae, and Neolieftinckana Lallemand, 1963) to this tribe. Nagai & Porion (1996) recorded seven genera (Bloeteanella, Erilla, Limois, Neolieftinckana, Nisax Fennah, 1977, Saramel Fennah, 1977 and Ombro Fennah, 1977) in Limoisini. The genus Limois differs from the other six genera in the tribe by the hindwings bicolored (red or yellow in basal part and hyaline apically) rather than concolorous over entire length. Limois also differs from Neolieftinckana by the tegmina hyaline in apical half (entirely opaque in Neolieftinckana). From Ombro it differs by the phallobase having 4 paired lobes (with 5 paired lobes in Ombro). From Erilla and Nisax it differs by the cephalic process of vertex slanting upwards to backwards, flattened on the vertex (cephalic process of vertex reduced in Erilla and forming a granular mass in middle of vertex in Nisax). From Bloeteanella it differs by the frons having 2 or 3 smooth longitudinal carinae (wrinkled and grooved carinae in Bloeteanella)., Published as part of Wang, Wen-Qian, Constant, Jérôme & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2020, Revision of the lanternfly genus Limois Stål, 1863 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae) with description of a new species from China, pp. 35-61 in European Journal of Taxonomy 720 on pages 36-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.720.1113, http://zenodo.org/record/4071715, {"references":["Stal C. 1863. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Fulgoriden. Entomologische Zeitung. Herausgegeben von dem entomologischen Vereine zu Stettin 24: 230 - 251.","Hope F. W. 1843. On some rare and beautiful insects from Silhet, chiefly in the collection of Frederick John Parry, Esq. F. L. S. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 19 (2): 131 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1842. tb 00358. x","Metcalf Z. P. 1947. General Catalogue of the Hemiptera. Fasc. IV: Fulgoroidea. Part. 9: Fulgoridae. North Carolina State College, Raleigh (NC).","Lallemand V. 1963. Revision des Fulgoridae (Homoptera). Deuxieme partie. Faunes asiatique et australienne. Memoires de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique (2 e serie) 75. Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Brussels.","Chou I. & Lu J. S. 1981. Homoptera: Fulgoroidea. In: Chen S. X. (ed.) Insects of Xizang. The Series of the Expedition to the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Vol. 1: 225 - 226. Science Press, Beijing.","Chou I., Wang S. Z. & Huang J. 1985 a. Description of new species of Fulgoroidea from China (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Entomotaxonomia 7: 30 - 38.","Chou I., Lu J. S., Huang J. & Wang S. Z. (eds) 1985 b. Economic Insect Fauna of China. Vol. 36: Homoptera: Fulgoroidea. Science Press, Beijing.","Nagai S. & Porion T. 1996. Fulgoridae 2. Illustrated Catalogue of the Asian and Australian Fauna. Sciences Nat, Venette.","Distant W. L. 1906. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Rhynchota. Vol. 3: Heteroptera-Homoptera. Taylor & Francis, London.","Liang A. P. 1995. Taxonomic change in Oriental Fulgoroidea (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha). Journal of the New York Entomological Society 103 (2): 162 - 164."]}

Limois sordida sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4B5CE928-5341-4712-9B98-3F5DF7AA7F37 Figs 6–7, 15 A–D Diagnosis (1) Frons with 3 longitudinal carinae (Fig. 6E); (2) tegmina with along irregular stripe, sinuately extending to anal angle (Fig. 6 A–C); (3) gonostyli almost equilateral in lateral view; (4) hindwings pale yellow in basal ⅖, medially without fascia (Fig. 6 A–B). Etymology The specific epithet alludes to the sordid color of the clypeus. Type material Holotype CHINA • Ƌ; Shanxi, Ningwu, Mt. Luyashan; 25 Oct. 2011; Ai-ping Dong leg.; NWAFU. Paratypes CHINA • 4 ƋƋ, 2 ♀♀; same data as holotype; NWAFU • 2 ♀♀; Beijing, Mt. Baihuashan, Huang Tuo village; 9 Sep. 1960; Fa-sheng Li leg.; CAU • 1 Ƌ; Beijing, Mt. Baihuashan, Huang Tuo village; 7 Sep. 1960; Ji-kun Yang leg.; CAU • 1 Ƌ; Beijing, Mt. Baihuashan; 5 Sep. 1961; Fa-sheng Li leg.; CAU • 1 Ƌ; Hebei, Mt. Xiaowutaishan; 3 Aug. 2011; Jian Yao leg.; IZCAS IOZ(E)2058877 • 1 Ƌ; Hebei, Mt. Xiaowutaishan; 4 Aug. 2011; Jian Yao leg.; IZCAS IOZ(E)2058878 • 1 ♀; Hebei, Mt. Xiaowutaishan; 3 Aug. 2011; Jian Yao leg.; IZCAS IOZ(E)2058876. Description MEASUREMENTS. Body length: ♀ 10.6–11.4 mm; Ƌ 9.2–10.2 mm. Wingspan: ♀ 35.7–36.5 mm; Ƌ 31.5– 32.7 mm. HEAD. Including eyes distinctly narrower than pronotum (about 1: 1.7) (Fig. 6D). Vertex quadrangular, about 2 times as broad as an eye, lateral and posterior margins carinate, median carina obscure; cephalic process flattened, not reaching posterior margin of vertex (Fig. 6D, F). Frons medially with 3 longitudinal carinae, the median carina tinier, all not reaching fronto-clypeal suture; clypeus sordid, narrower and shorter than frons, labium elongate, reaching the end of abdomen, median carina on clypeus (Fig. 6E). THORAX. Thorax macular covered with numerous dark spots, pronotum about 1.6 times as long as vertex in dorsal view, with one longitudinal broken band on each side of median carina, black (Fig. 6D); mesonotum with 3 pairs of dark patches along anterior margin and one dark triangular patch on each lateral area (Fig. 6D). TEGMINA. Brownish yellow on basal ⅖ and costal area, with narrow irregular stripe from costal area, extending to anal angle; remaining area of tegmina hyaline with some dark markings, veins ochre brown, about 2.7 times as long as maximum broad (Fig. 6 A–C). HINDWINGS. Pale yellow on basal ⅖, with 4–5 black spots arranged in one oblique row, apical ⅗ of hindwings hyaline with a brown band along suture margin (Fig. 6 A–B). LEG. Brown with black rings and stripes. Metatibiae with 5–8 lateral and 6–7 apical spines. ABDOMEN. Tergites black, posterior margin ochre yellow on each segment (Fig. 6A). MALE GENITALIA. Pygofer in profile with ventral margin straight, laterocaudal margin slightly convex (Figs 7A, 15A). Anal tube moderate, in lateral aspect reaching level of end of genital plates, ventral margin slightly concave in basal ¾, apical margin truncate, intersecting with dorsal margin at obtuse angle, epiproct right-angled apically, paraproct slender in dorsal view (Figs 7 A–B, 15A). Gonostyli subtriangular in lateral view, rounded apically, apical margin straight in middle, in ventral view plates connected in basal ⅕ (Figs 7A, C, 15 A–B). Aedeagus reduced, membranous endosoma with a dorsal pair of lobes surrounding a ventral pair of lobes and the sclerotized endosomal processes; the endosomal processes sclerotized over entire length, about 4.0 times as long as sheath, apical ½ exposed and terminally inflated (Fig. 7 C–E, 15C–D). Connective rod-like. Tectiductus large, in lateral view subrectangular, in dorsal view broad, apically rounded and distinctly concave medially (Figs 7 C–E, 15A). Distribution China (Shanxi; Hebei, Beijing). Remarks Limois sordida sp. nov. is similar to L. bifasciatus, L. emelianovi and L. kikuchii, but differs from L. bifasciatus by the frons having three longitudinal carinae (Fig. 6E) (with two longitudinal carina in L. bifasciatus); from L. emelianovi and L. kikuchii it differs by the irregular stripe on tegmina long, sinuately extending to anal angle (Fig. 6 A–C) (irregular stripe short and straight, not extending to anal angle in L. emelianovi and L. kikuchii). Furthermore, it differs from L. kikuchii by the gonostyli being almost equilateral in lateral view (Figs 7A, 15 A–B) (elongate in L. kikuchii); from L. emelianovi it differs from the basal ⅖ of hindwings pale yellow in both sexes, medially without fascia (Fig. 6 A–B) (base of hindwings yellow in male but red in female and medially with a blackish brown fascia in L. emelianovi)., Published as part of Wang, Wen-Qian, Constant, Jérôme & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2020, Revision of the lanternfly genus Limois Stål, 1863 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae) with description of a new species from China, pp. 35-61 in European Journal of Taxonomy 720 on pages 46-49, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.720.1113, http://zenodo.org/record/4071715

Wang, Wen-Qian, Constant, Jérôme, Qin, Dao-Zheng (2020): Revision of the lanternfly genus Limois Stål, 1863 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae) with description of a new species from China. European Journal of Taxonomy 720: 35-61, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.720.1113

Purusha vietnamica sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0E0ECE6E-2ED5-464A-813D-3856ACCEB70F Figs 4, 19–21 Diagnosis Male Easily separated from the males of P. paradoxa, P. pulverosa and P. reversa by the following combination of characters: (1) tegmina with concentric rows of narrow brown stripes on membrane, parallel to apical margin (Fig. 19 A–B); (2) posterior wings pale brownish white with concentric rows of narrow brown stripes parallel to apical margin (Fig. 19 A–B); (3) head, pro- and mesonotum brown, concolorous (Fig. 19C). Female Immediately recognized by the combination of the following characters: (1) tegmina with concentric rows of narrow brown stripes on membrane, parallel to apical margin but without basal band of white wax and oval white waxy spot along costal margin; (2) posterior wings pale brownish white with concentric rows of narrow brown stripes parallel to apical margin; (3) head, pro- and mesonotum brown, concolorous. Differential diagnosis Male Easily separated from the males of P. paradoxa, P. pulverosa and P. reversa by the combination of characters (1)–(3) of diagnosis; it should be separated from P. bellissima sp. nov. by the examination of the aedeagus. Etymology The species epithet refers to the country from which the species originates, Vietnam. Material examined Holotype (Fig. 19) VIETNAM • ♂; Tonkin, Cho-Ganh; [20°10′ N, 105°57′ E]; L. Duport leg.; I.G.: 17.865; “ Coll. R.I.Sc. N.B., Nord Vietnam, Tonkin, Cho-Ganh, L. Duport ”; “ R.I.Sc. N.B. I.G. 17.865”; RBINS. Paratype (Fig. 20) VIETNAM • ♀; Tonkin; Jun. 1917; R.V. de Salvaza leg.; “Tonkin, June 1917, R.V. de Salvaza ”; “Pusa Coll. 1915–164”; BMNH. Measurements and ratios ♂: LT (n = 1): 23.4 mm; LTg/BTg = 2.1; BV/LV = 4.5; BF/LF = 1.66; LP+LM/BT = 0.6. ♀: LT (extrapolated; n = 1): 28.1 mm; LTg/BTg = 2.1; BV/LV = 4.4; BF/LF = 1.68; LP+LM/BT = 0.6. Description Male (Fig. 19) HEAD (Fig. 19C, E). Dark reddish brown, slightly narrower than thorax. Vertex strongly transverse, concave and with anterior margin slightly curved in dorsal view. Frons broader than long, slightly convex and with lateral angles produced laterally. Subocular spine strongly developed, surpassing external margin of eye and visible from above. Antennae dark brown with scapus short and cylindrical and pedicel elongate, barrel-shaped. Clypeus elongate and narrow, slightly longer than frons. Labium brown, reaching metacoxae. THORAX (Fig. 19C). Dark reddish brown with anterior half of pronotum slightly paler; broader than length of pro- and mesonotum taken together; pronotum shorter than mesonotum and with obsolete median carina; mesonotum with 3 longitudinal obsolete carinae. TEGMINA (Fig. 19 A–B). Reddish brown, with base and a transverse unclear band after mid length darker; apical 1/5 yellow brown, paler zone extending along costal, narrowing to basal ⅓; on apical 1/5, several concentric, irregular and interrupted rows of narrow dark brown lines, parallel to apical margin of tegmen, number of rows varying from 2 anteriorly along costal margin to 4 in middle; costal and sutural margins subparallel; apical margin broadly rounded. HIND WINGS (Fig. 19 A–B). Very pale yellowish brown, slightly darker towards distal portion; distal third with numerous more or less transverse brown markings arranged in concentric rows parallel to distal margin towards apex; apical margin broadly rounded. LEGS (Fig. 19 A–B). All femora dark reddish brown; tibiae and tarsi black. Pro- and mesofemora dorsoventrally flattened, widening from base to apex. Pro- and mesotibiae dorsoventrally flattened, broader than corresponding femur and with apicolateral angle rounded; protibiae wider than mesotibiae. Metatibiae with 5 lateral and 9 apical spines. First metatarsomere with strong spine at each apicolateral angle; ventrally, large pad of microsetae and 11 spines arranged in two irregular rows. Second metatarsomere with ventral pad of microsetae. Third metatarsomere with narrow pad of microsetae. Metatibiotarsal formula: (5) 9/11/0. ABDOMEN. Yellow-brown. Male genitalia (Fig. 21) Pygofer with dorsal half of lateral portion of posterior margin strongly projecting in laminate process directed posteriorly and slightly ventrally in lateral view and slightly laterally in ventral view; process rounded apically; ventral half of posterior margin excavate in lateral view; ventral portion of posterior margin slightly sinuate in ventral view; dorsal portion of pygofer strongly narrowing with posterior margin strongly excavate; anterior margin strongly sinuate in lateral view (Fig. 21A, D). Anal tube large, broadly obovate, dorsoventrally flattened; apical margin broadly rounded in dorsal view; lateral margins abruptly widening posteriorly to anal column and subparallel on median ⅓ in dorsal view, bisinuate in lateral view, more strongly so near base; anal column at basal ⅓ (Fig. 21A, C). Gonostyli elongate, subrectangular with dorsal and ventral margins sinuate in lateral view, with small subapical process on ventral margin directed posteriorly; dorsal margin sinuate in dorsal view, with rather small incurved lamina at posterodorsal angle, ending with tooth anteriorly and posteriorly; lateral hook near posterodorsal angle; ventral margin strongly emarginate on distal half in ventral view, forming a broad opening with mediobasal tooth directed posteriorly (Fig. 21 A–B, D). Phallobase longer than broad in dorsal view, with dorsal strong elongate pointed process directed posterodorsally, laterobasal laminate strongly upcurved processes and horizontal lateral carina ended in a short, posterior, apically narrowly rounded process directed posteriorly; ventrally, elongate, deeply furcate process slightly curved ventrally, apices of furca pointed; dorsally to furcate process, pair of processes surpassing furcate process, curved ventrally on basal ⅔ and ended with a blunt hook curved dorsally (Fig. 21 E–F). Phallus with two elongate, subparallel, slightly sword-shaped distally, incurved processes, ventral one longer than dorsal one; dorsal process slightly more curved medioanterodorsally than ventral one; mediodorsally, pair of large elongate processes with excavate portion dorsally before apex (Fig. 21 E–F). Female (Fig. 20) HEAD (Fig. 20 C–D). Dark reddish brown with clypeus darker, slightly narrower than thorax. Vertex strongly transverse, concave and with anterior margin very slightly curved in dorsal view. Frons broader than long, slightly convex and with lateral angles produced laterally. Subocular spine strongly developed, surpassing external margin of eye and visible from above. Antennae dark brown with scapus short and cylindrical and pedicel elongate, barrel-shaped. Clypeus elongate and narrow, slightly longer than frons. Labium brown, reaching metacoxae. THORAX (Fig. 20C). Reddish brown with central portion of mesonotum darker; broader than length of pro- and mesonotum taken together; pronotum shorter than mesonotum, with obsolete median carina and weak transversal groove; mesonotum with 3 longitudinal obsolete carinae. TEGMINA (Fig. 20 A–B). Reddish brown with base and transverse unclear band after mid-length darker, densely covered in white waxy secretion dorsally; apical 1/5 yellow brown, paler zone extending along costal, narrowing to basal ⅓; on apical 1/5, several concentric, irregular and interrupted rows of narrow dark brown lines, parallel to apical margin of tegmen, number of rows varying from 1 anteriorly along costal margin to 5 in middle; costal and sutural margins weakly diverging towards 4/5; apical margin broadly rounded. HIND WINGS (Fig. 20 A–B). Very pale yellowish brown, slightly darker towards distal portion, covered in white waxy secretion; distal third with numerous more or less transverse brown markings arranged in 5 irregular concentric rows parallel to distal margin towards apex, lines of 2 more distal rows narrower; apical margin broadly rounded. LEGS (Fig. 20 A–B). All femora reddish brown; pro- and metatibiae and all tarsi black-brown; mesotibiae reddish brown with lateral portion black-brown. Pro- and mesofemora dorsoventrally flattened, widening from base to apex. Pro- and mesotibiae dorsoventrally flattened, broader than corresponding femur and with apicolateral angle rounded; protibiae wider than mesotibiae. Metatibiae with 5 lateral and 9 apical spines. First metatarsomere with strong spine at each apicolateral angle; ventrally, large pad of microsetae and 11 spines arranged in two irregular rows. Second metatarsomere with ventral pad of microsetae. Third metatarsomere with narrow pad of microsetae. Metatibiotarsal formula: (5) 9/11/0. ABDOMEN (Fig. 20 A–B). Yellow-brown. Distribution North Vietnam (Fig. 4). Biology Unknown.

Purusha reversa (Hope, 1843) Figs 1E, 4, 13–18 Eurybrachis (sic!) reversa Hope, 1843: 134 [described], pl. xii fig. 8 [habitus illustrated]. Purusha rubromaculata Distant, 1906b: 204 [described], syn. nov. Eurybrachys reversa – Schaum 1850: 71 [listed in the genus Eurybrachys]. — Walker 1851: 382 [listed]. — Atkinson 1886: 22 [redescribed as “species of uncertain position”]. Messena reversa – Gerstaecker 1895: 33 [allied to Purusha paradoxa (Gerstaecker, 1895)], 34 [transferred to Messena]. Purusha reversa – Distant 1906a: 236 [described, scarce species], fig. 102 [habitus illustrated (illustration from Hope 1843)]; 1906b: 203 [type species of Purusha], 204 [catalogued]. — Metcalf 1956: 8 [catalogued]. Purusha rubromaculata – Metcalf 1956: 9 [catalogued]. Diagnosis Male Easily recognized by the following combination of characters: (1) tegmina with numerous small, round, black spots on membrane, more or less arranged in rows parallel to apical margin (Fig. 15 A–B); (2) posterior wings brown with numerous small, black-brown spots on apical half (Fig. 15 A–B); (3) head, pro- and mesonotum brown, concolorous (Fig. 15C); (4) ventral margin of gonostyli without internobasal process projecting posteriorly (Fig. 17B); (5) anterolateral and posterolateral spines of phallus about the same size (Fig. 17G). Female Immediately recognized by the combination of the following characters: (1) tegmina with conspicuous white waxy spot at basal third, along costal margin, but without minute black spots or brown lines on membrane (Figs 13A, 14A, 16A); (2) posterior wings with numerous brown spots, sometimes merging together, more or less arranged in rows parallel to apical margin (Figs 13A, 14A, 16A); (3) head, pro- and mesonotum brown, concolorous (Figs 13C, 14E, 16B). Differential diagnosis Male Easily separated from males of P. pulverosa and P. vietnamica sp. nov. (and probably P. bellissima sp. nov.) by combination of characters: (1)–(3) of diagnosis; from P. paradoxa, it is better separated based on characters (4)–(5) of diagnosis: (4) ventral margin of gonostyli with internobasal process projecting posteriorly in P. paradoxa (Fig. 8B); (2) anterolateral spine of phallus smaller than posterolateral one in P. paradoxa (Fig. 8F). Etymology The specific names are derived from the Latin adjectives ‘ reversa ’, meaning ‘inverted’, and ‘ rubromaculata ’, juxtaposition of ‘ ruber ’, meaning ‘red’, and ‘ maculatus ’, meaning ‘spotted’, and referring to the reddish spots on the tegmina. Material examined Holotype of Eurybrachys reversa (Fig. 13) BANGLADESH • ♀; [Sylhet]; [24°54′ N, 91°52′ E]; “ Eurybrachis reversa Hope, Type ”; “ Type, Hope, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIX. p. 134, T. 12 f. 8, Coll. Hope Oxon. ”; “ Type Hem: 477, Eurybrachis reversa Hope, Hope Dept. Oxford ”; OUMNH. Holotype of Purusha rubromaculata (Fig. 14) THAILAND • ♀; [Chanthaburi]; [12°36′31″ N, 102°06′14″ E]; Mouhot leg.; “ Purusha rubromaculata Dist. Type ”; “Chant. Mouhot”; “68 4”; “ Type ”; BMNH. The type locality for Eurybrachys reversa given by Hope (1843) is “Silhet” (= Sylhet in Bangladesh) and the one given for P. rubromaculata given by Distant (1906b), corresponding to “Chant.” on the label, is Chantabun (= Chanthaburi, Thailand). Additional material MALAYSIA • 1 ♀; Cameron Highlands; [4°30′ N, 101°30′ E]; May 2005; I.G.: 34.051; RBINS • 1 ♀; Cameron Highlands; [4°30′ N, 101°30′ E]; Mar. 2017; I.G.: 33.636; RBINS • 1 ♀; Perak, Maxewell Hill [Bukit Larut]; [4°51′44.28″ N, 100°47′34.8″ E]; alt. 3000 ft; Jun.–Jul. 1916; ex F.M.S. Museum, B.M. 1955-354; BMNH. THAILAND • 1 ♂; Yala Province, Betong; [5°47′04″ N, 101°02′22″ E]; 27 Jun. 2015; Les Day leg.; I.G.: 34.051; RBINS • 1 ♀; “Siamese Malay States, B. B.” [Bukit Besar]; alt. 2500 ft; Annandale and Robinson leg.; “1903–127”; according to Brunetti (1923) and Woodley (2012), “B. B.” would actually be situated in Pattani Province; code N° 293; BMNH. Examined from photographs (Fig. 18 C–D) THAILAND • 1 ♀; Yala Province, Betong; [5°47′04″ N, 101°02′22″ E]; 17 Dec. 2014; S. Atdhabhan photogr. Description Measurements and ratios ♂: LT (n = 1): 22.6 mm; LTg/BTg = 2.1; BV/LV = 4.15; BF/LF = 1.65; LP+LM/BT = 0.7. ♀: LT (n = 4): 29.4 mm (26.6–31.5); LTg/BTg = 2.1; BV/LV = 4.4; BF/LF = 1.66; LP+LM/BT = 0.7. Male genitalia (Fig. 17) Pygofer with lateral portion of posterior margin strongly projecting in subtriangular laminate process directed posteriorly in lateral view and slightly laterally in ventral view; process narrowly rounded apically; ventral half of posterior margin excavate in lateral view; ventral portion of posterior margin straight in ventral view; dorsal portion of pygofer abruptly narrowing with posterior margin strongly excavate; anterior margin sinuate in lateral view (Fig. 17 A–B). Anal tube large, broadly obovate, widest at about mid-length, dorsoventrally flattened; apical margin slightly emarginate in dorsal view; lateral margin bisinuate, very broadly rounded on distal ⅓ in dorsal view; lateral margin strongly undulate in lateral view; anal column at basal ¼ (Fig. 17A, D). Gonostyli subrectangular in lateral view, with prominent apicodorsal process; apicodorsal process laminate, projecting medially and armed with one tooth at medioanterior angle, one tooth at medioposterior angle and one strong hook laterally, curved anteroventrally on apical portion; ventral margin emarginate on distal 4/5, leaving large, parallel-sided central opening in ventral view (Fig. 17 A–C). Phallobase robust, about as long as broad in dorsal view, with rather short, blunt basolateral process directed posterolaterally and elongate, apical, bifurcate process ventrally, sinuate in lateral view and directed postroventrally; dorsally to bifurcate process, slightly longer, apically blunt process directed posteriorly (Fig. 17 E–G). Phallus with very complicated set of intricate processes: basal strong spine directed laterally; trispinose lateral process with basidorsal spine elongate and directed dorsally, posteroventral spine elongate, about as long as basidorsal one, directed dorsally and slightly curved anteriorly on distal portion, and apicodorsal spine incurving, sinuate, projecting mediodorsally and slightly anteriorly on distal portion; mediodorsally, pair of laterally compressed processes about as high as long in lateral view and with lateral ridged process (Fig. 17 E–G). Distribution Bangladesh, Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia (Fig. 4). Biology The species was observed sitting on leaves of plants and shrubs in southern Thailand (L. Day pers. com., 2015). When disturbed, the specimen showed a specific behaviour, lifting the wings at perpendicular angle (Fig. 18D).

Genus Purusha Distant, 1906 Purusha Distant, 1906a: 236 (type-species: Eurybrachis (sic!) reversa Hope, 1843, by monotypy). Purusha – Distant 1906 b: 203 [described]. — Schmidt 1908: 242 [placed in Eurybrachini]. — Metcalf 1956: 7 [catalogued]. — Constant 2008: 45 [notes]. Diagnosis Medium to large sized eurybrachid (LT = 22–33 mm). The genus can be identified by the following combination of characters: – Eyes with a strong spine beneath, surpassing level of eye laterally and visible from above (Fig. 16B, D). – Tegmina broad, brown with very dense reticulum of veins and cross-veins, often densely covered with white wax (Figs 10A, 16A). – Tegmina with costal margin not emarginate at posterior half and with apical margin obliquely rounded (Figs 10A, 16A). – Clavus open posteriorly with claval veins Pcu and A1 running parallel to one another (Figs 15A, 16A). – Posterior tibiae with 5 lateral spines (Fig. 15 A–B). Differential diagnosis Among the Eurybrachini, the genus can be separated from Eurybrachys by (1) the much larger size (not surpassing 14 mm in Eurybrachys); (2) the colour of the females (mainly green, yellow and red in Eurybrachys, Fig. 1A); (3) the length of the posterior wings (much shorter than tegmina in Eurybrachys, Fig. 1 A–B). Messena by (1) the much higher density of veins and cross veins on tegmina (at mid-length of tegmen, number of longitudinal veins> 25 in Purusha, Fig. 1E; Messena, Fig. 1C); (2) the narrower head: head narrower than pronotum in Purusha (Fig. 1E); as broad as pronotum in Messena (Fig. 1C); (3) the colour of the tegmina: brown in Purusha (Fig. 1E); variegated with membrane whitish, semitransluscent with black spots in Messena (Fig. 1C). Nicidus by (1) the shape of the tegmina, strongly elongate and with costal and sutural margins nearly parallel in Nicidus (Fig. 1D); (2) the colour of the tegmina: brown in Purusha (Fig. 1E); variegated with membrane whitish, semitransluscent with black spots in Nicidus (Fig. 1D); (3) the length of the posterior wings (much shorter than tegmina in Nicidus, Fig. 1D). Thessitus by (1) the colour of the tegmina: in Thessitus: mainly whitish in females, whitish with a red marking on ventral side in males (Fig. 1F); (2) the much higher density of veins and cross veins on tegmina (at mid-length of tegmen, number of longitudinal veins> 25 in Purusha, Fig. 1E; Thessitus, Fig. 1F); (3) the costal emargination on apical half of tegmina in Thessitus (Fig. 1F). Etymology ‘Purusha’ is a sanskrit word, meaning, in Indian philosophy, ‘spirit’, ‘person’, ‘self’ or ‘consciousness’. Historical review Distant (1906a), in his “ Fauna of British India ”, erected the genus Purusha to accommodate one species, Eurybrachys reversa Hope, 1843, on the basis of Hope’s (1843) illustration of the species (Fig. 18 E). He did not formally describe the genus as no specimen was available to him at that moment. Later the same year (Distant 1906b), he described the genus together with a new species, P. rubromaculata Distant, 1906 and transferred Messena paradoxa Gerstaecker, 1895 to Purusha. Schmidt (1908) placed Purusha in his new tribe Eurybrachini [main characters: (1) clavus open, (2) claval veins parallel, not fused behind half of clavus length] together with the genera Eurybrachys Guérin-Méneville, 1834, Messena Stål, 1861, Nicidus Stål, 1858 and Thessitus Walker, 1862. Four species, all described from single females, were placed in Purusha in Metcalf’s (1956) catalogue: 1. P. reversa (Hope, 1843): Hope (1843) described Eurybrachis (sic!) reversa from Silhet. The species was transferred from Eurybrachys to Purusha by Distant (1906 a). 2. P. paradoxa (Gerstaecker, 1895): Gerstaecker (1895) described “ Messena (?) paradoxa ” from Java and stated that the species is clearly related to Eurybrachys reversa. The species was transferred to Purusha by Distant (1906b). 3. P. rubromaculata Distant, 1906: Distant (1906b) described this species from Siam, Chantabun [= Chantaburi]. 4. P. pulverosa Distant, 1918: Distant (1918) described this species from Indo-China, Tonkin. Description MEASUREMENTS AND RATIOS. ♂: LT: 22.6–24.2 mm; LTg/BTg = 2.0–2.3; BV/ LV = 3.8–4.5; BF/LF = 1.6–1.85; LP+LM/BT = 0.6–0.7. ♀: LT: 26.6–32.6 mm; LTg/BTg = 1.9–2.1; BV/LV = 4.3–4.4; BF/LF = 1.5–1.9; LP+LM/BT = 0.6–0.73. GENERAL COLOURATION. Brown, usually with white waxy markings; posterior wings often largely white and covered in white secretion in females. HEAD. Narrower than thorax. Vertex 3.8–4.5 times as broad as long, concave and with anterior margin slightly curved in dorsal view. Frons 1.5–1.9 times as broad as long, slightly convex and with lateral angles well marked. Subocular spine strongly developed, surpassing external margin of eye and visible from above. THORAX. About 1.35–1.6 times as broad as length of pro- and mesonotum taken together; pronotum shorter than mesonotum and with obsolete median carina; mesonotum with 3 longitudinal obsolete carinae. TEGMINA. Ground colour: brown. Nearly flat, elongate, about twice longer than broad (LTg/BTg = 1.9– 2.3); slightly broadening from base to apex; apical margin obliquely rounded; dorsal and ventral sides often with white waxy markings, with markings more developed in females. VENATION. Pc+CP obsolete; ScP+R and MP forking very close to base and densely forking, resulting in a dense reticulum of veins and veinlets; CuA forking near basal third of tegmen; clavus open; CuP and PCu+A1 not merging together and strongly forked before reaching sutural margin beyond apex of clavus. HIND WINGS. Elongate with apical margin rouned. About as large as tegmina and with anterior and posterior margins nearly straight in males; slightly larger and with anterior and posterior margin broadly rounded in females. Anal area developed, often bearing waxy secretion. Venation very dense. LEGS. Rather elongate. Pro- and meso- femora and tibiae dorso-ventrally flattened, foliaceous; metatibiae with 5 lateral and 9–10 apical spines. First metatarsomere with strong spine at each apicolateral angle; ventrally, large pad of microsetae and 11–13 spines arranged in two irregular rows. Second metatarsomere with ventral pad of microsetae. Third metatarsomere with narrow pad of microsetae. Metatibiotarsal formula: (5) 9–10/11–13/0. MALE GENITALIA (Figs 8, 11, 17, 21). Symmetrical. Pygofer rather massive, slightly higher than long in lateral view, with posterior margin projecting posteriorly in a laminate process on dorsal half. Anal tube large, dorsoventrally flattened, more or less oboval. Gonostyli elongate and strongly convex, bearing an apicodorsal process, often laminate and projecting megially, with several spines and a lateral hook at posterodorsal angle; ventral margin strongly emarginate, forming an opening leaving the aedeagus visible in ventral view. Phallobase robust, with lateral carinate process on each side, ventral, elongate, furcate process and pair of hooked, blunt processes slightly dorsally to furcate process. Aedeagus with apical elongate, often complicated upcurved processes and shorter, paired median portion. FEMALE GENITALIA (Fig. 2). Anal tube elongate, curved postero-ventrad, surpassing gonoplacs, v-shaped in cross section; gonoplacs large and unilobous; gonapophysis IX much smaller than gonoplacs; gonocoxae VIII well developed ventrally and pilose; anterior vagina placed ventrally and strongly smaller than posterior vagina; spermatheca attached ventrally; posterior vagina developed vertically and grooved; bursa copulatrix large, oval, attached dorsolaterally to and much larger than posterior vagina. SEXUAL DIMORPHISM. Males are about 20% smaller than females, often with reduced waxy markings on the tegmina, and with brown area of posterior wings more extended. Distribution Oriental Region (Fig. 4): from Bangladesh to Vietnam through Myanmar, Thailand and Laos, and south to Malaysia, Sumatra and Java. The genus is not recorded from Cambodia or Borneo to date. Biology The few observed specimens were sitting on leaves of bushes in the understorey of tropical rainforest. Nothing is known of the host plants and development of any species of the genus. Species included P. bellissima sp. nov. (Myanmar) P. paradoxa (Gerstaecker, 1895) (Indonesia: Java, Sumatra) P. pulverosa Distant, 1918 (Vietnam (Tonkin), Laos, Thailand) P. reversa (Hope, 1843) (Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia) = P. rubromaculata Distant, 1906 P. vietnamica sp. nov. (Vietnam (Tonkin)) Identification key to the species of Purusha Males (not included: P. bellissima sp. nov.) 1. Posterior wings entirely whitish, covered with wax, without markings (Fig. 11 A–B). Tegmina often completely covered with white wax, with concentric rows of small brown lines parallel to apical margin on apical third (Fig. 11 A–B). Anterior part of pronotum yellowish (Fig. 11C)................................................................................................... P. pulverosa Distant, 1918 – Posterior wings brown or whitish, with dark brown spots or with brown lines on apical half arranged in concentric rows parallel to apical margin (Figs 6 A–B, 15A–B, 19A–B). Tegmina with small black spots near apex or with brown lines on arranged in concentric rows parallel to apical margin (Figs 6 A–B, 15A–B, 19A–B). Pronotum unicolorous, entirely brown or yellowish brown (Figs 6C, 15C, 19C)........................................................................................................................................... 2 2. Posterior wings pale brownish white with concentric rows of narrow brown stripes parallel to apical margin (Fig. 19 A–B). Tegmina with concentric rows of narrow brown stripes parallel to apical margin (Fig. 19 A–B)........................................................................................ P. vietnamica sp. nov. * – Posterior wings brown with numerous black-brown spots on posterior half (Figs 6 A–B, 15A–B). Tegmina with small black spots on membrane, more or less arranged in concentric rows parallel to apical margin (Figs 6 A–B, 15A–B)................................................................................................... 3 3. Posterior wings with apico-costal angle regularly rounded (Fig. 6 A–B). Ventral margin of gonostyli with internobasal process projecting posteriorly (Fig. 8B). Anterolateral spine of phallus much smaller than posterolateral one (Fig. 8F)......................................... P. paradoxa (Gerstaecker, 1895) – Posterior wings with apico-costal angle slightly angularly rounded (Fig. 15 A–B). Ventral margin of gonostyli without internobasal process projecting posteriorly (Fig. 17B). Anterolateral and posterolateral spines of phallus about the same size (Fig. 17G).................... P. reversa (Hope, 1843) * the male of P. bellissima sp. nov. should probably key out here. Any identification of males of P. vietnamica sp. nov. needs verification of the male genitalia. Females 1. Posterior wings entirely whitish, covered in wax, without markings (Fig. 10 A–B). Tegmina without conspicuous white waxy spot, often completely covered with white wax (Fig. 10 A–B). Anterior part of pronotum yellowish (Fig. 10D)........................................... P. pulverosa Distant, 1918 – Posterior wings whitish, covered with wax, with dark brown markings on apical half, often arranged in concentric rows parallel to apical margin (Figs 3A, C, 7 A–B, 16A, C, 20A–B). Tegmina with or without conspicuous white waxy spot, sometimes completely covered with white wax (Figs 3 A–C, 7A–B, 16A, C, 20A–B). Pronotum entirely brown.....................2 2. Posterior wings with concentric rows of narrow brown stripes parallel to apical margin (Figs 3A, C, 20 A–B). Tegmina without conspicuous white waxy spot (Fig. 20A) or with large white waxy spot along costal margin and transverse white waxy band near base (Fig. 3 A–B).............................3 – Posterior wings with numerous brown spots, sometimes merging together, more or less arranged in rows parallel to apical margin (Figs 5A, 7A, 13A, 14A, 16A). Tegmina with a conspicuous white waxy spot along costal margin or on disc (Figs 5A, 7A, 13A, 14A, 16A).........................................4 3. Tegmina with large, oval, white waxy spot along costal margin and transverse white waxy band near base (Fig. 3 A–B).......................................................................................... P. bellissima sp. nov. – Tegmina without with large white waxy spot along costal margin and transverse white waxy band near base (Fig. 20A)........................................................................................... P. vietnamica sp. nov. 4. Tegmina with numerous minute black spots in 2–3 rows along apical margin and conspicuous white waxy spot at half length, not touching costal margin (Figs 5A, 7A)............................................ …………………………………………………………………..... P. paradoxa (Gerstaecker, 1895) – Tegmina without minute black spots and with conspicuous white waxy spot at basal third, along costal margin (Figs 13A, 14A, 16A)............................................................... P. reversa (Hope, 1843)

Tribe Eurybrachini Stål, 1862 The tribe Eurybrachini Stål, 1862 was defined by Schmidt (1908) with the following distinctive features: (1) clavus open; (2) claval veins not fused in clavus; (3) infra-ocular spine present. This tribe is restricted to the Oriental region and contains five genera (Schmidt 1908; Metcalf 1956; Constant 2006): Eurybrachys Guérin-Méneville, 1834, Messena Stål, 1861, Nicidus Stål, 1858, Purusha Distant, 1906 and Thessitus Walker, 1862. Identification key to the genera of Eurybrachini 1. Posterior wings wider than tegmina, with maximum width near base; general colouration of tegmina whitish, with a bright red marking on underside in males (Fig. 1F).............. Thessitus Walker, 1862 – Posterior wings narrower than tegmina, sometimes as wide as tegmina but then with maximum width near apex; general colouration of tegmina not whitish, no bright red marking on underside of tegmina in males (Fig. 1 A–E)............................................................................................................ 2 2. Posterior wings about as wide as tegmina, with maximum width near apex; general colour of tegmina chocolate brown (sometimes covered in white wax) (Fig. 1E)....................... Purusha Distant, 1906 – Posterior wings narrower than tegmina; general colour of tegmina not chocolate brown (Fig. 1 A–D)........................................................................................................................................ 3 3. Tegmina very elongate and narrow, at least 3.3 times longer than wide (Fig. 1D)............................................................................................................................................................. Nicidus Stål, 1858 – Tegmina not more than 2.8 times longer than wide (Fig. 1 A–C)...................................................... 4 4. Shorter, maximum length: 14 mm; membrane of tegmina short, representing less than ⅓ of tegmina length (Fig. 1 A–B)................................................................... Eurybrachys Guérin-Méneville, 1834 – Larger, minimum length: 20 mm; membrane of tegmina representing half of tegmina length (Fig. 1C)................................................................................................................ Messena Stål, 1861

Purusha paradoxa (Gerstaecker, 1895) Figs 2, 4–8 Messena (?) paradoxa Gerstaecker, 1895: 33 [described; allied to Purusha reversa]. Purusha paradoxa – Distant 1906b: 204 [transferred to Purusha]. — Metcalf 1956: 8 [catalogued]. Diagnosis Male Easily recognized by the following combination of characters: (1) tegmina with numerous small, round, black spots on membrane, more or less arranged in rows parallel to apical margin (Fig. 6A); (2) posterior wings brown with numerous small, black-brown spots on apical half (Fig. 6 A–B); (3) ventral margin of gonostyli with internobasal process projecting posteriorly (Fig. 8B); (4) anterolateral spine of phallus much smaller than posterolateral one (Fig. 8F); (5) head, pro- and mesonotum brown, concolorous (Fig. 6C). Female Immediately recognized by the combination of the following characters: (1) tegmina with a conspicuous white waxy spot at half length, not touching the costal margin, and numerous minute, round, black spots on the membrane, arranged in 2–3 rows parallel to apical margin (Figs 5A, 7A); (2) posterior wings with numerous brown spots, sometimes merging together, more or less arranged in rows parallel to apical margin (Figs 5A, 7A); (3) head, pro- and mesonotum brown, concolorous (Figs 5C, 7C). Differential diagnosis Male Easily separated from males of P. pulverosa and P. vietnamica sp. nov. (and probably P. bellissima sp. nov.) by the combination of characters (1) and (2) of diagnosis. From P. reversa, it is better separated based on characters (3)–(4) of diagnosis: (3) ventral margin of gonostyli without internobasal process projecting posteriorly in P. reversa (Fig. 17B); (4) anterolateral spine of phallus of equal size in P. reversa (Fig. 17G). Etymology The specific name is derived from the Latin adfjective ‘ paradoxa ’, meaning ‘paradoxical’. Material examined Holotype (Fig. 5) INDONESIA • ♀; Java; “ Paradoxa ”, “Zool. Mus. Greifswald, II 27390”, “ Typus Messena paradoxa ”; ZIMG. In the original description, Gerstaecker (1895) stated that the specimen was collected by Hans Fruhstorfer (1866–1922) in the mountains of West Java. Additional material INDONESIA – Java • 1 ♀; “Tjibarangbang” [Cibaregbeg]; [6°50′ S, 106°39′ E]; 1939; Mrs M.E. Walsh leg.; ZML • 1 ♀; Sukabumi; [6°55′ S, 106°56′ E]; 1893; H. Fruhstorfer leg.; MMBC • 1 ♀; Sukabumi; [6°55′ S, 106°56′ E]; alt. 2000 ft; 8 Jan. 1940; J.M.A. van Groenendael leg.; RMNH • 1 ♀; Sukabumi, “Djampang Tengah” [Jampangtengah]; [7°03′ S, 106°48′ E]; alt. 18–2200 ft; 8 May 1939; J.M.A. van Groenendael leg.; RMNH • 1 ♀; “Soekaboemi” [Sukabumi]; [6°55′ S, 106°56′ E]; Ouwens leg.; ZMPA • 1 ♀; Staudinger leg.; NHRS. – Sumatra • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Muller leg.; RMNH • 1 ♂; “Sum” [Sumatra], “Serapai Kor.” [Korintji]; [1°41′ S, 101°15′ E]; 1915; Edw. Jacobson leg.; RMNH • 1 ♀; Sumatra, Excell. v. Studt G. leg.; MFNB. Measurements and ratios ♂: LT (n = 2): 23.8 mm (23.5–24.2); LTg/BTg = 2.3; BV/LV = 3.8; BF/LF = 1.6; LP+LM/BT = 0.68. ♀: LT (n = 5): 28.7 mm (27.3–31.4); LTg/BTg = 1.9–2.1; BV/LV = 4.3; BF/LF = 1.5; LP+LM/BT = 0.73. Supplementary description Male genitalia (Fig. 8) Pygofer with lateral portion of posterior margin strongly projecting in a laminate process directed posterodorsally in lateral view and slightly laterally in ventral view; process narrowly rounded apically; ventral half of posterior margin excavate in lateral view; ventral portion of posterior margin bisinuate in ventral view; dorsal portion of pygofer strongly narrowing with posterior margin strongly excavate; anterior margin sinuate in lateral view (Fig. 8 A–B). Anal tube large, broadly obovate, dorsoventrally flattened; apical margin slightly emarginate in dorsal view; lateral margin bisinuate, very broadly rounded on distal half; anal column at basal ¼ (Fig. 8A, D). Gonostyli subrectangular in lateral view, with short apicoventral process rounded apically; dorsal margin with laminate process projecting medially and armed with one tooth at medioanterior angle, two teeth on posterior margin and one strong hook laterally; ventral margin deeply emarginate on distal ⅔, with mediobasal process projecting posteriorly, leaving large central opening in ventral view (Fig. 8 A–C). Phallobase robust, about as long as broad in dorsal view, with basolateral process directed posterolaterally and elongate, apical, spinose process ventrally on each side directed posterolaterally; slightly mediodorsally to spinose process, slightly shorter, apically blunt process directed posteriorly (Fig. 8 E–F). Phallus with very complicated set of intricate processes: basal strong spine directed laterally; trispinose lateral process with basidorsal spine elongate and curved mediodorsally, posteroventral spine very elongate, sword shaped and curved dorsally and slightly anteriorly on distal portion, and apicodorsal spine incurving, sinuate, projecting mediodorsally and slightly anteriorly on distal portion; mediodorsally, pair of laterally compressed processes higher than long in lateral view and with lateral ridged process (Fig. 8 E–F). Distribution Indonesia in the islands of Java and Sumatra (Fig. 4). Biology Unknown. The species has not been collected or documented in any way since 1940.

Purusha bellissima sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 07D89973-A2DF-4274-B38E-C810FAFC91D6 Figs 3–4 Diagnosis Male Unknown. Female (Fig. 3) Immediately recognized by the combination of the following characters: (1) tegmina with a transverse white waxy band near base and a large, oval, white waxy spot along costal margin (but not reaching the latter at about mid-length) (Fig. 3 A–B); (2) tegmina and posterior wings with concentric rows of narrow brown stripes parallel to apical margin (Fig. 3 A–C); (3) ground colour of posterior wings turning to pale brown on apical half (Fig. 3A, C). Etymology The specific name is derived from the Latin adjective ‘ bellissima ’, meaning ‘most beautiful’. It refers to the colour and pattern of the tegmina and wings. Material examined Holotype (Fig. 3) MYANMAR • ♀; Sadon; [21°59′ N, 95°07′ E]; alt. 1200 m; 28 Jun.–5 Jul.; Malaise leg.; in bad condition: head, prothorax, metasternum, abdomen and legs missing; “ N. East Burma, Sadon, 1200 m., 28.6—5.7 Malaise ”, “ Purusha reversa Hope Var, V. Lallemand det., 195”; NHRS. Measurements and ratios LT: ♀ (extrapolated; n = 1): 30.7 mm (LTg: 27.7); LTg/BTg = 1.9. Description THORAX (Fig. 3 A–B). Mesonotum pale brown with 4 slightly darker dots along posterior margin and scutellum brown. TEGMINA (Fig. 3 A–C). Brown, progressively more reddish towards base; reddish tint more visible ventrally; broad subbasal transverse band of white wax; at mid-length near costal margin, a larger oval spot covered in white wax and narrowly margined in black posteriorly; irregular marking of white wax ventrally corresponding to dorsal oval marking; numerous small spots of white wax on central portion of tegmina; on apical ⅓, several concentric, irregular and interrupted rows of narrow dark brown lines, parallel to apical margin of tegmen, number of rows varying from 2 anteriorly along costal margin to 7–8 in middle; costal and sutural margins subparallel; apical margin broadly rounded. HIND WINGS (Fig. 3A, C). White basally turning to yellow-brown on distal half; distal half with numerous more or less transverse brown markings arranged in concentric rows parallel to distal margin towards apex; brown markings merging into irregular interrupted lines on distal 1/5; apical margin broadly rounded; postclaval margin with white waxy suffusions; inner part of cells semi-transluscent on basal white portion. Distribution Myanmar (Fig. 4). Biology The species was collected in mountainous region, at 1200 m a.s.l.