Pyrops lathburii

Pyrops lathburii (Kirby, 1818) Figs 6–8, 14 Fulgora lathburii Kirby, 1818: 450 (described, compared with Pyrops rogersi (Distant, 1906)) [type in BMNH]. Fulgora astarte Distant, 1914: 409 (described) [type in BMNH]. syn. nov. Fulgora lathburii – Guérin-Méneville 1829: pl. 58 fig. 2 (illustrated). — Latreille 1837: pl. 68 fig. 2 (illustrated). — Spinola 1839: 234 (as “ Fulgora lathburyi ”, treated as a dark form of Pyrops candelaria Linné, 1758 (error!)). — Westwood 1839: 139 (described). — Comte 1840: pl. 68 (listed, illustrated). — Guérin-Méneville 1844: 357 (notes), pl. 58 fig. 2 (illustrated). — White 1844: 425 (recorded from Hong-Kong). — Burmeister 1845: unnumbered page, under genus Fulgora, subgenus Pyrops (as a variety of Fulgora (Pyrops) candelaria (error!)). — Guérin-Méneville 1845: xcvi (as “ Fulgora lothburii ”, close to Pyrops cyanirostris Guérin-Méneville, 1845). — Stål 1870: 741 (as “ Fulgora lathburi ”, compared with Pyrops philippinus Stål, 1870). — Butler 1874: 97 (listed with species with orange posterior hind wings). — Gadeau de Kerville 1881: 43 (listed as “ Fulgora lalhburi ” in “Série I”, species with orange wings, in a census of light-emitting insects). — Atkinson 1885: 129 (described). — Distant 1906: 186 (keyed, nomenclature, described, as “ Fulgora lathburi ”). — Schmidt 1911: 161 (as “ Fulgora lathburi ”, compared with Pyrops peguensis Schmidt, 1911). — Schmidt 1919: 126 (as “ Fulgora lathburi ”, listed from Canton (= Guangzhou)). — Baker 1925: 349 (keyed inside the candelaria species group), 351 (notes), pl. 3 fig. 2 (dorsal habitus), pl. 4 fig. 6 (lateral habitus). — Lallemand 1963: 86 (transferred to the pyrorhynchus species group, keyed, described), pl. xi figs 1–3 (male terminalia). Flata lathburii – Germar 1830: 46 (described). Hotinus lathburii – Amyot & Audinet-Serville 1843: 491 (transferred to Hotinus Amyot & Audinet- Serville). — Walker 1851: 266 (listed, recorded from Silhet (= Sylhet, Bangladesh)). — Dohrn 1859: 57 (listed in catalogue as “ Hotinus lathburi ”). — Girard 1885: 859 (as “ H. lathburi ”, described). Pyrops lathburii – Schaum 1850: 64 (transferred to Pyrops Spinola, 1839). — Nagai & Porion 1996: 25 (catalogued, recorded from Assam and Thailand), figs 194, 196, 198 (dorsal habitus). — Liang 1998: 43 (listed). — Pham 2011: 318 (recorded from Vietnam). — Constant 2015: 9 (note on intraspecific colour variation) — Constant et al. 2016: 15 (in list of species to look for in Cambodia). — Constant & Pham 2017: 18 (host plant). — Wang et al. 2018: 297 (keyed), 301 (nomenclature, measurements, description of male genitalia, diagnostic characters; records in China), figs 18–29 (colour variation, details of head, male terminalia). — Constant 2021: 14 (compared with Pyrops philippinus (Stål, 1870)). — Jiaranaisakul & Constant 2021: 18 (in list of species to look for in Khao Krachom Mountain, Thailand). Laternaria lathburii – Metcalf 1947: 197 (transferred to Laternaria Linné, 1964, catalogued). Fulgora astarte – Distant 1918: 198 (listed from Indochina), 199 (allied to Pyrops vitalisius Distant, 1918). — Lallemand 1963: 85 (placed in the pyrorhynchus species group, keyed, described). Laternaria astarte – Metcalf 1947: 186 (transferred to Laternaria Linné, 1964, catalogued). Pyrops astarte – Nagai & Porion 1996: 25 (transferred to Pyrops, catalogued, recorded from Vietnam and Thailand), figs 195, 197, 199 (dorsal habitus). — Pham & Ta 2004: 58 (in key to Fulgoridae of Vietnam). — Liang 1998: 42 (listed). — Pham 2011: 318 (record from Vietnam). — Constant 2021: 14 (compared with Pyrops philippinus (Stål, 1870)). Note: Wang et al. (2018) erroneously mentioned that the species was attributed to the pyrorhynchus group in Constant & Pham (2017). Material examined Lectotype of Fulgora lathburii Kirby, 1818 (Fig. 6), here designated to provide a stable reference for the taxonomy of the group CHINA • ♀; [China]; [D. Lathbury leg.]; “63 / 41”, “Lathburii K in L. Tr.”, “Kirby.”; BMNH. Note: The specimen was collected in China by D. Lathbury according to Kirby (1818). The code “63 / 41” refers to an entry in the Accession Register in BMNH starting on page 803 of the register and bearing a comment “These insects are the types of Mr Kirby’s Century of Insects [...]” (V. Lemaître pers. com., Jul. 2021). Holotype of Fulgora astarte Distant, 1914 (Fig. 7) VIETNAM • ♀; Indochina, [Lào Cai]; R. Vitalis leg.; “Indo-China (R. Vitalis)”, “ Fulgora astarte Type Dist.”, “Type H.T.”; BMNH. Note: The specimen was collected in Laokay (= Lào Cai) in North Vietnam according to Distant (1914). Additional material LAOS • 1 ♀; Vientiane; [17°58′ N, 102°36′ E]; I.G. 23.993; RBINS. THAILAND • 1 ♀; Phrae Province; May 2004; ex coll. Neef de Sainval; I.G. 30.731; RBINS • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Chiang Rai Province; Wiang Pa Pao; [19°20′54″ N, 99°30′24″ E]; 10–15 Apr. 2008; ex coll. A. Chaminade; I.G. 31.467; RBINS. VIETNAM • 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Cao Bang Province, Phia Den; [22°34′26″ N, 105°52′29″ E]; 8 Aug. 2010; J. Constant and P. Limbourg leg.; day time; I.G. 31.668; RBINS • 5 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; Tay Yen Tu Nature Reserve; 21°11′10″ N, 106°43′25″ E; 7–11 Jul. 2013; J. Constant and J. Bresseel leg.; I.G. 32.454; RBINS • 3 ♂♂; Bac Giang Province, Tay Yen Tu NR, Tram Dong Thong; 3 Jul. 2010; H.T. Pham leg.; VNMN • 1 ♀; [Hai Phong Province], Cat Ba National Park; 20°48′00″ N, 107°00′20″ E; 12–16 Jul. 2013; J. Constant and J. Bresseel leg.; day time; I.G. 32.454; RBINS • 5 ♀♀; [Vinh Phuc Province], Me Linh Biodiversity Station; [21°23′04″ N, 105°42′44″ E]; 20–24 Aug. 2010; J. Constant and P. Limbourg leg.; I.G. 31.668; RBINS • 1 ♀; [Vinh Phuc Province], Me Linh Biodiversity Station; [21°23′04″ N, 105°42′44″ E]; 29 Aug. 2010; J. Constant and P. Limbourg leg.; I.G. 31.668; RBINS • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Dao Tru, Lap Thach; 17 May 2001; V.T. Hoang leg.; VNMN • 3 ♀♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Me Linh; 24 Apr. 2001; V.T. Hoang leg.; VNMN • 2 ♂♂, 17 ♀♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Me Linh; 26 May 2001; V.T. Hoang leg.; VNMN • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Me Linh; 23 Apr. 2007; H.T. Pham leg.; VNMN • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Me Linh; 30–31 May 2007; H.T. Pham leg.; VNMN • 7 ♀♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Me Linh; 26 Jul. 2008; H.T. Pham leg.; VNMN • 2 ♀♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Me Linh; 11 Jun. 2009; H.T. Pham leg.; VNMN • 1 ♂, 10 ♀♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Me Linh; 21 May 2010; H.T. Pham leg.; VNMN • 13 ♀♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Me Linh; 22 May 2010; H.T. Pham leg.; VNMN • 3 ♂♂, 27 ♀♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Me Linh; 4–5 Jun. 2010; H.T. Pham leg.; VNMN • 9 ♀♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Me Linh; 10 Aug. 2011; V.T. Hoang leg.; VNMN • 1 ♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Me Linh; 1 Jun. 2012; V.T. Hoang leg.; VNMN • 8 ♀♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Me Linh; 9–10 Jun. 2012; V.T. Hoang leg.; VNMN • 4 ♀♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Me Linh; 12 Aug. 2011; V.T. Hoang leg.; VNMN • 1 ♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Tam Dao N.P.; May 1998; V.T. Hoang leg.; VNMN • 1 ♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Tam Dao N.P.; Apr. 1999; V.T. Hoang leg.; VNMN • 1 ♀; Vinh Phuc Province, Tam Dao N.P.; May 2003; H.T. Pham leg.; VNMN • 1 ♀; Hanoi, Hoan Kiem; 20 Aug. 2003; V.T. Hoang leg.; VNMN • 2 ♀♀; Thua Thien-Hue Province, Phong Dien, near VNMN station; 16°35′12″ N, 107°20′31″ E; 8–9 Apr. 2017; J. Constant and J. Bresseel leg.; I.G. 33.447; RBINS • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Quang Ninh Province, Dong Son-Ky Thuong nature reserve; 21°11′00.4″ N, 107°07′23.8″ E; 575 m a.s.l.; 26 Jul. 2020; H.T. Pham leg.; VNMN. Remark Intraspecific colour variation of the disc of the hind wings exists in this species, with specimens showing bright yellow hind wings and others, milky white. The colour of the tegmina also varies to a great extent, from very dark forms, nearly black with yellow spots ringed with white, to very pale forms, nearly white with yellow spots or even nearly white with cloudy darker, brownish markings in place of the yellow spots. Conspecificity of the different forms was confirmed by the study of the male genitalia and corroborated by the fact that the different forms are sympatric, as illustrated by a series from Chiang Mai collected in June 1992 in Nagai & Porion (1996: figs 194–199). The comparison of the illustrations of the types specimens (Figs 6A, 7A) with the line illustration of Guérin-Méneville (1829) (Fig. 8) which matches both type specimens is also very convincing. Distribution Northeastern India, southern China, northern Thailand, Laos, North and Central Vietnam. The species is recorded here from Laos for the first time. Checklist of the Vietnamese species of Pyrops Spinola, 1839 Pyrops atroalbus (Distant, 1918) Pyrops buomvoi sp. nov. Pyrops candelaria (Linné, 1758) Pyrops clavatus (Westwood, 1839) Pyrops coelestinus (Stål, 1863) Pyrops condorinus (Lallemand, 1960) Pyrops ducalis (Stål, 1863) Pyrops itoi (Satô & Nagai, 1994) Pyrops lathburii (Kirby, 1818) Pyrops spinolae (Westwood, 1842) Pyrops viridirostris (Westwood, 1848) Pyrops vitalisius (Distant, 1918) Identification key to the species of Pyrops of Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and Southern Continental China 1. Cephalic process strongly inflated apically (Figs 9–11)................................................................... 2 – Cephalic process not strongly inflated apically (Figs 12–19)........................................................... 3 2. Abdomen black ventrally (Fig. 9B); tegmina pale yellow-white on disc and with 3 black spots in costal area before nodal line (Fig. 9A); cephalic process yellow (Fig. 9).................................................................................................................................................. Pyrops atroalbus (Distant, 1918) – Abdomen red ventrally (Figs 10B, 11B); tegmina largely black on disc (Fig. 10A), or in the pale forms, bluish white on disc and without black spots in costal area (Fig. 11A, F); cephalic process red-brown to black (Figs 10–11)................................................. Pyrops clavatus (Westwood, 1839) 3. Head entirely green, hind wings bright yellow basally or entirely yellow-orange (Figs 12–13)..... 4 – Head not entirely green, hind wings yellow, white or blue basally (Figs 14–19)............................ 5 4. Hind wings bright yellow with apical third black (Fig. 12A); ground colour of distal half of tegmina black (Fig. 12A); anterior and median legs largely black (Fig. 12A–C)............................................................................................................................................ Pyrops viridirostris (Westwood, 1848) – Hind wings entirely bright yellow-orange (Fig. 13A); ground colour of distal half of tegmina green (Fig. 13A); anterior and median legs green (Fig. 13A–C)............ Pyrops itoi (Satô & Nagai, 1994) 5. Cephalic process black or brown-black dorsally, yellowish ventrally (Figs 4–5, 14–15); pro- and mesonotum with median black or dark brown markings (Figs 4–5, 14–15).................................... 6 – Cephalic process yellow-red to red-brown dorsally, paler, yellow to dark red ventrally (Figs 16–19); pronotum unicolourous, mesonotum sometimes with small brown-black markings on sides (Figs 16– 19)..................................................................................................................................................... 8 6. Apex of cephalic process coloured like the rest of the process (Figs 4–5, 15)................................. 7 – Apex of cephalic process yellow to orange-red, strongly contrasting (Figs 6–7, 14).................................................................................................................................... Pyrops lathburii (Kirby, 1818) 7. Tegmina narrower: LTg/BTg = 2.9 (Figs 4A, 5A); spots on basal half of tegmina not fused into bands (Figs 4A, 5A); cephalic process narrower (LPr/BPrH> 9) (Figs 4–5); hind wings bright yellow (Fig. 4A) or white basally (Fig. 5A)...................................... Pyrops condorinus (Lallemand, 1960) – Tegmina broader: LTg/BTg = 2.53 (Fig. 15A); spots on basal half of tegmina fused into transverse bands (Fig. 15A); cephalic process broader (LPr/BPrH Pyrops spinolae (Westwood, 1842) 8. Hind wings white with sutural margin bordered with black up to the anal lobe (Fig. 1A); cephalic process very narrow (LPr/BPrH = 19) (Fig. 1)............................................ Pyrops buomvoi sp. nov. – Hind wings white, bright yellow or blue with only apical third black (Figs 16A, 17A, 18A, 19A); cephalic process broader (LPr/BPrH Pyrops candelaria (Linné, 1758) – Hind wings white or blue basally (Figs 17A, 18A, 19A); cephalic process dark red-brown and dark red ventrally or dark red, orange ventrally and at apex (Figs 17–19); yellow spots on membrane of tegmina (Figs 18–19) or not (Fig. 17)............................................................................................ 10 10. Tegmina without yellow spots on membrane (Fig. 17A); cephalic process dark red, orange ventrally and at apex (Fig. 17); hind wings pale blue to white basally (Fig. 17A); basal half of tegmina whitish with white-margined green spots in transverse rows, sometimes fused in bands (Fig. 17A)............................................................................................... Pyrops ducalis (Stål, 1863) – Tegmina with yellow spots on membrane (Figs 18A, 19A); cephalic process dark red-brown, dark red ventrally (Figs 18–19); hind wings white or blue basally; basal half of tegmina dark green or dark blue-green with yellow spots (Figs 18A, 19A)................................................................................11 11. Hind wings blue basally (sometimes faded to nearly white in collections specimens) (Fig. 18A); cephalic process very elongate and strongly curved dorsad (Fig. 18); ground colour of tegmina dark blue-green (Fig. 18A)....................................................................... Pyrops coelestinus (Stål, 1863) – Hind wings white basally (Fig. 19A); cephalic process very elongate and curved dorsad (Fig. 19); ground colour of tegmina green (Fig. 19A).................................... Pyrops vitalisius (Distant, 1918) Identification key to the species of Pyrops of Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and Southern Continental China 1. Cephalic process strongly inflated apically (Figs 9–11)................................................................... 2 – Cephalic process not strongly inflated apically (Figs 12–19)........................................................... 3 2. Abdomen black ventrally (Fig. 9B); tegmina pale yellow-white on disc and with 3 black spots in costal area before nodal line (Fig. 9A); cephalic process yellow (Fig. 9).................................................................................................................................................. Pyrops atroalbus (Distant, 1918) – Abdomen red ventrally (Figs 10B, 11B); tegmina largely black on disc (Fig. 10A), or in the pale forms, bluish white on disc and without black spots in costal area (Fig. 11A, F); cephalic process red-brown to black (Figs 10–11)................................................. Pyrops clavatus (Westwood, 1839) 3. Head entirely green, hind wings bright yellow basally or entirely yellow-orange (Figs 12–13)..... 4 – Head not entirely green, hind wings yellow, white or blue basally (Figs 14–19)............................ 5 4. Hind wings bright yellow with apical third black (Fig. 12A); ground colour of distal half of tegmina black (Fig. 12A); anterior and median legs largely black (Fig. 12A–C)............................................................................................................................................ Pyrops viridirostris (Westwood, 1848) – Hind wings entirely bright yellow-orange (Fig. 13A); ground colour of distal half of tegmina green (Fig. 13A); anterior and median legs green (Fig. 13A–C)............ Pyrops itoi (Satô & Nagai, 1994) 5. Cephalic process black or brown-black dorsally, yellowish ventrally (Figs 4–5, 14–15); pro- and mesonotum with median black or dark brown markings (Figs 4–5, 14–15).................................... 6 – Cephalic process yellow-red to red-brown dorsally, paler, yellow to dark red ventrally (Figs 16–19); pronotum unicolourous, mesonotum sometimes with small brown-black markings on sides (Figs 16– 19)..........................................................................................................................
Published as part of Constant, Jérôme & Pham, Hong Thai, 2022, The Lanternfly genus Pyrops in Vietnam: A new species from Central Vietnam, taxonomic changes, checklist, identification key (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae), pp. 123-154 in European Journal of Taxonomy 813 (1) on pages 131-139, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.813.1741, http://zenodo.org/record/6468100
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