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Microneedles are an emerging technology designed to deliver drugs into human tissue. In this work, we assess the microneedle’s manufacturability by employing micromilling with a minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) system. A set of AISI 316L square pyramidal microneedles was fabricated and characterized using dimensional and surface metrology. Needle height (Hn), base length (Lb), tip radius (Rt), and the tip’s angle (θ) were studied. Additionally, surface roughness was quantified to correlate surface topography damage with tool wear (Dr). Experimental data shows tip truncation after manufacturing 30 needles (i.e., a tip radius between ~32 μm and 49 μm for manufacturing 10 and 30 needles, respectively). Additionally, to evaluate the effect of the tip’s morphology on the proficiency of the microneedles for a puncture, a numerical analysis to study the impact of tip truncation length (Tt) on puncture with an in silico assessment using COMSOL Multiphysics was performed. Data and insights from this work suggest that micromilling microneedle arrays is viable, considering the number of needles machined according to the cutting parameters selected to ensure functionality.

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una propuesta de Modelo de Arquitectura Cognitiva Artificial SOAR basada en el proceso de visión, reconocimiento de patrones y toma de decisiones que realiza el ser humano. El entorno debe garantizar ciertas condiciones previas para su correcto funcionamiento. Nuestro prototipo de sistema de arquitectura artificial cognitiva está bioinspirado en la forma en que los humanos trabajan para determinar si una persona es conocida o no.

The understanding of dimensional variations produced by laser powder bed fusion is critical in components with small features and with dimensions close to the inherent limits of the process. In this context, two reference geometries were used: (a) straight walls to quantify dimensional relative error for small features and (b) a latticed neck region of a fatigued specimen (cubic and hexagonal cell design, with design strut sizes of 250 µm, 500 µm, and 1000 µm in cell size). Samples were fabricated out of AISI 316L stainless steel powder with different building orientations. The metrology techniques used were the following: focus variation microscopy, optical microscopy and micro-computed tomography. The straight wall characterization shows that built orientation does not influence dimensional relative error for walls with less than 750 µm. Acceptable dimensional relative errors (~ 2% to ~ 15%) are achieved only in walls with 750 µm in width of more. For lattice structures, the fine struts (250 µm) show a significant level of dimensional relative error (~ 5% to ~ 25%). This additive manufacturing process delivers more consistent dimensions for coarse struts (500 µm), with relative errors between ~ 2% and ~ 4%. All metrology techniques showed the same trends in terms of capturing the dimensional variations for fine and coarse struts.

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver e analisar a validade de conteúdo, constructo e a fidedignidade de um questionário para avaliar a demanda física e operacional, saúde e condições de trabalho em policiais e bombeiros militares. O Questionário de Saúde e Performance para Militares (QSPM) foi desenvolvido por pesquisadores militares e não militares, a validade foi analisada com o índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC), análise fatorial exploratória e a fidedignidade com o percentual de concordância (%C), coeficiente Kappa e alfa de Cronbach. Nove juízes participaram da validação de conteúdo, 732 militares (15% mulheres) participaram da etapa de validação de constructo e 262 militares (18% mulheres) responderam duas vezes ao QSPM para a verificação da fidedignidade. As análises foram realizadas no software SPSS 26 e o nível de significância mantido em 5%. O QSPM apresentou o IVC de 0,98 e variância total explicada em 54,7%. A reprodutibilidade apresentou valores de %C entre 97,2 - 100,0%, Kappa entre 0,94 - 1,00 (p < 0,05) e alpha de Cronbach entre 0,80 - 1,00 (p < 0,05). Conclui-se que o QSPM apresentou validade de conteúdo, constructo e fidedignidade para avaliar a frequência da demanda física e operacional, as condições de saúde e de trabalho de policiais e bombeiros militares.

A novel manufacturing approach was used to fabricate metallic scaffolds. A calibration of the laser cutting process was performed using the kerf width compensation in the calculations of the tool trajectory. Welding defects were studied through X-ray microtomography. Penetration depth and width resulted in relative errors of 9.4%, 1.0%, respectively. Microhardness was also measured, and the microstructure was studied in the base material. The microhardness values obtained were 400 HV, 237 HV, and 215 HV for the base material, HAZ, and fusion zone, respectively. No significant difference was found between the microhardness measurement along with different height positions of the scaffold. The scaffolds’ dimensions and porosity were measured, their internal architecture was observed with micro-computed tomography. The results indicated that geometries with dimensions under 500 µm with different shapes resulted in relative errors of ~2.7%. The fabricated scaffolds presented an average compressive modulus ~13.15 GPa, which is close to cortical bone properties. The proposed methodology showed a promising future in bone tissue engineering applications.

Environmental protection is a continuous challenge that requires innovating the combustion process of boilers that emit polluting gases. This research proposes a novel pyroacuotubular (mixed) boiler design that reduces the emission of combustion gases by hot water and steam. The applied methodology considers the dimensioning-construction, modification, and analytical calculation of water volume, metallic masses, heat for hot water and steam generation, and combustion gases. The Ganapaty method of heat transfer is applied to prioritize the velocity of gas displacement, the pressure drop along the pipe, and its application on surfaces. In the parallel generation of hot water and steam, a mass of CO2 (1782.72 kg/h) and CO (5.48 kg/h) was obtained; these masses were compared with the results of the proposed design, obtaining a reduction in the mass of gases emitted to the environment in hot water CO2 (44.35%) and CO (44.27%); steam CO2 (55.65%) and CO (55.66%). A significant reduction was achieved in the simultaneous generation of hot water and steam compared to the individual generation, which shows that the simultaneous generation of the pyroacuotubular (mixed) boiler reduces the emission of combustion gases.

BACKGROUND: Many factors may negatively impact physical activity (PA), but studies lack evidence of individual predictors of perceived barriers to PA among adults in primary healthcare units. OBJECTIVE: To analyze associations between sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), PA counseling and perceived barriers to LTPA among adult patients in primary healthcare units of the National Health System in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study on a representative sample of adults in primary healthcare units in São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil. METHODS: This study was conducted in 2019, among 779 adults (70% women). Barriers to LTPA, sociodemographic characteristics (sex, age, marital status, skin color, education and income), health conditions (body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, coronary disease and medications), LTPA level and PA counseling received were measured using validated, standardized procedures. The data were analyzed using chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS: The most prevalent barriers were “feeling too tired” (53%) and “lack of time” (52%). PA counseling was inversely associated with “lack of time” (45% versus 57%; P < 0.001) but positively associated with “injury or disease” (38% versus 29%; P = 0.008). There was an inverse linear trend between the number of barriers and LTPA (walking and total) (P < 0.001). Most barriers differed in comparisons of sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions, LTPA and counseling (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The barriers vary according to the individual predictors. Counseling strategies need to be specific for each barrier and may be promising for promoting LTPA within primary healthcare.

Counseling by health professionals has promising results in behavior change and is recommended as part of integrated community interventions. However, the knowledge about sedentary behavior (SB) counseling is incipient. The study aimed to identify the prevalence and explore the associated factors with SB counseling received from healthcare professionals by adults in primary health care (PHC) in Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 that included a representative sample of 779 users in all 15 basic health units (BHU) in São José dos Pinhais, Paraná. We identified those who reported having received SB counseling during a consultation. The association between the sociodemographic factors, chronic diseases, access to health services, physical activity, SB, and counseling were analyzed using Poisson regression in a hierarchical model. The prevalence of counseling was 12.2% (95% CI: 10.1–14.7%); it was higher in women (PR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.10–2.83), those aged ≥60 yrs (PR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.14–2.98), BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (PR: 2.60; 95% CI: 1.31–5.17), who consume ≥3 medications (PR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.06–4.59), and those who spend a prolonged period of the day engaged in SB (4th quartile PR: 3.44; 95% CI: 1.88–6.31). The results highlight that SB counseling is underutilized and incipient in PHC. Understanding these results can help managers and healthcare professionals in BHU teams to implement and direct specific actions to reduce SB in adults through counseling.

Age-friendly Cities and Communities has emerged as a significant policy, participative and governance response to ageing and its spatial effects. This paper argues that it has important benefits in mobilising older people, placing age on the urban agenda and building recognition across politicians, policy makers and programme managers. Based on the experience of Belfast (UK), the analysis suggests however, that it needs to be understood within wider urban restructuring processes, the importance of the property economy and how planning practices favour particular groups and modes of development. Drawing on demographic data, policy documents and in-depth interviews, it evaluates the relationship between age and urban regeneration, research-based advocacy and central-local relations in health and place-based care. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of knowledge in competitive policy arenas and the need to focus on the most excluded and isolated old and where and how they live.

The article analyzes the incorporation of applied learning modules for undergraduate students of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos' Administration career to learn more efficiently and dynamically. The Methodology considers the evaluation and review of the criteria taken in a survey to carry out the E-learning Implementation modules. The objective is to determine the factors that influence virtual teaching by validating the students' ability to use a new teaching process to apply any educational topic through this platform. As a result, five factors that influence virtual teaching were determined, validating students' capacity and predisposition to acquire new knowledge through new learning methodologies using virtual media;using these E-learning modules is recommended in conjunction with the Flipped Classroom or B-Learning methodology. It was also determined that only 30% of the students who have taken several virtual courses within their curriculum feel comfortable with this methodology since it requires an entirely didactic and easy to handle system to teach the subject matter.

In Peru, there is a deficit of university students who manage to graduate by the thesis development modality; in the different faculties of public universities, the number of graduates for this modality is low. This research analyses the particular situation of graduates in the faculty of Systems Engineering and Computer Science of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos from 2014, where less than 10% of the total graduates were identified, graduate by the modality of thesis support and that more than 90% graduate through various modalities that do not include making a thesis; the consequence of this is the small amount of thesis generated and therefore the low research index as well as the null publication of scientific articles by our graduates. Therefore, this research aims to increase the percentage of graduates by the thesis development modality through collaborative motivation using virtual platforms and support graduates in the publication of scientific articles. At the end of the research, more than 50% of graduates by the thesis development modality were increased; the publication of scientific articles generated by graduates through the thesis development modality based on the results of their research was also increased

This research work proposes the design and application of an organizational model based on two very important and well-known precedents: On the one hand, the so-called Enterprise Architecture (EA), as a powerful methodology of business modeling based on Zachaman’s Framework and, on the other hand, the Unified Process of Rational (UPR), so that together they achieve a synergistic merger, giving rise to the so-called Unified Enterprise Architecture (UEA), in order to articulate all the perspectives and aspects that are part of the original EA with a third dimension formed by the phases and iterative dynamics of the UPR. In this way, the systemic organizational modeling of universities is very useful; however, its application is valid for all types of organizations. The design of the experimental research of the pre-test and post-test type with a control group is defined, a computer application is developed as a prototype and the empirical test is carried out through direct observation for the control group and simulation for the experimental group; results are evaluated based on the management indicators Efficiency, effectiveness and productivity.

espanolLa preferencia de las personas por acceder a contenidos publicitarios por medio de aplicaciones digitales es cada vez mayor mientras que muchos negocios un siguen utilizando los medios tradicionales, lograr una comunicacion con el cliente sin caer en mensajes spam o invasivos es un reto mayor para las empresas. Por tales motivos proponemos una aplicacion movil que obtenga las preferencias de las personas y les comunique informacion publicitaria relevante en el lugar y momento precisos. Para el desarrollo de la aplicacion se utiliza la metodologia en cascada puesto que sigue siendo el enfoque mas utilizado en el desarrollo de software. Para seleccionar la tecnologia que mas se adapta a la necesidad del proyecto se obtuvo un mayor puntaje con la tecnologia Beacon Bluetooth en comparacion con otras tecnologias de proximidad en un analisis de Benchmarking. Nuestro resultado es una exitosa comunicacion con los clientes al presentarle informacion publicitaria relevante en el momento y lugar preciso sin ser invasivo, asi mismo podiamos proporcionar a las empresas la informacion del seguimiento de los clientes para poderles brindar mayores beneficios; de esa manera cumplimos con los objetivos propuestos EnglishThe preference of people to access advertising content through digital applications is increasing while many businesses continue to use traditional media. Achieving communication with the client without falling into spam or invasive messages is a major challenge for companies. Therefore, we propose a mobile application that obtains people’s preferences and communicates relevant advertising information at the right place and time. The cascade methodology is used for the development of the application since it is still the most used approach in software development. To select the technology that best suits the project’s needs, we obtained a higher score with the Beacon Bluetooth technology in comparison with other proximity technologies in a Benchmarking analysis. Our result is a successful communication with clients by presenting them with relevant advertising information at the right time and place without being invasive, and we could also provide companies with information on the follow-up of clients in order to provide them with greater benefits; in this way we fulfilled the proposed objectives.

Information and communication technologies produce changes in society as they facilitate access to information. The research seeks to publicize the increase in the use of the Internet in Peruvian homes, covering the percentage of the population with access to the Internet, the frequency of use, and the activities carried out. Making use of the technical report “Statistics of Information and Communication Technologies in homes”, and through a documentary review of various sources, including the one prepared by the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI), with emphasis on the use of the Internet since It is essential to have access to the Internet. A comparative analysis of the evolution of its use was also carried out, considering a range of 5 years, taking as reference the first quarter of 2015 and the first quarter of 2020. The applied research method is descriptive. As a result, it was found that compared to 2015, where for every 100 households, 91 had at least one ICT; In 2020, the number of families that have at least one ICT has increased to 95. The population has considerably increased the daily use of the Internet, obtaining a variation of 26.8.

espanolEl presente trabajo tiene como objetivo el desarrollo de un sistema de en la cual se propone sistematizar el proceso de la redaccion y generacion de historiales medicos con los cuales se propone la reduccion del tiempo de la generacion de historiales y la reduccion de recursos fisicos, especialmente en lo que respecta al uso del papel, la cual los especialistas de la salud redactan en el transcurso de una consulta medica, esto ademas implicaria en la optimizacion en la gestion de los historiales medicos. El sistema planteado a desarrollar consiste en la aplicacion del mecanismo de la firma digital en base al metodo de la criptografia asimetrica o tambien llamada criptografia de clave publica. Esta tecnologia se aplicara principalmente mediante la aplicacion de dos herramientas contempladas para el uso de la firma digital: el sistema RSA (Rivest, Shamir y Adleman) y la funcion hash SHA-256. La aplicacion de la firma digital a los historiales medicos se mostrara implementada a traves del manejo de interfaces graficas que esta planteada para que el especialista pueda redactar y manejar los historiales a su conveniencia. El sistema abordara el uso del lenguaje de programacion Python y el conjunto de herramientas OpenSSL para las funciones criptograficas y PyQt5 para el desarrollo a nivel interfaces graficas. Se propone esta solucion debido a que la tecnologia de firma digital se ha planeado y posteriormente se ha estado desarrollando desde la decada de 1980, son en estos ultimos anos que esta tecnologia ha sido tomada mas en cuenta para el manejo de documentos, y como este caso, de los historiales medicos. EnglishThe present work aims to develop a system in which it is proposed to systematize the process of writing and generating medical records which is proposed to reduce the time of generation of records and the reduction of physical resources, especially regarding the use of paper, which health specialists write in the course of a medical consultation, this would also imply the process of optimization in the management of medical records. The proposed system to develop consists of the application of the digital signature mechanism based on the method of asymmetric cryptography or also called public key cryptography. This technology is applied mainly through the application of two tools contemplated for the use of the digital signature: the RSA system (Rivest, Shamir and Adleman) and the SHA-256 hash function. The application of the digital signature to medical records will be implemented through the handling of graphical interfaces that is proposed so that the specialist can write and manage the records at his convenience. The system will address the use of Python programming language and the software libraries OpenSSL applied for cryptographic functions and PyQt5 for development at the graphical interface level. This solution is proposed because digital signature technology has been planned and has been subsequently developed since the 1980s, it is in recent years that this technology has been taken more into account for document management, and like this case, medical records.

This research work has a great influence on the physical security of the urban infrastructure and the citizens of our capital city, that is why it is necessary to apply prevention strategies since our city is located in a very vulnerable area to seismic events, mainly huaycos, floods and landslides, settlements, landslides and other superficial mass movements, so it is necessary to have knowledge of the causes and effects of these phenomena, the different types and carrying capacity of soils in the districts of Metropolitan Lima, in order to contribute to the knowledge of the degree of vulnerability in which urban areas, marginal urban areas, human settlements are exposed. In conclusion, surveys of public servants allowed us to determine that only 55% of them know the meaning of risk and vulnerability, so 45% are totally unaware of these terms. Likewise, surveys of the general public on the lack of a prevention culture, 83% indicated that they did, hence the need to apply a course or training on disaster risk management issues at all educational levels.

This research tries to establish the degree of influence exerted by the design and use of a Balanced Scorecard (BSC), as a support to the Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Process Improvement SCAMPI of the CMMI-DEV constellation, in recognition of the level of maturity of the software process, due to the efficiency and effectiveness provided by its application in practical life. In addition, it uses the Systemic Approach to conceive the problem comprehensively, under a holistic perspective, covering the relationships of each element within the system and its relationships with external agents; the applied methodology consists in the collection, tabulation, and analysis of the antecedents that have been obtained for its direct validation during development, that is, the management of cause-effect variables, where the independent or experimental variable is of interest to the researcher because the variable that is hypothesized (X), is one of the causes that produce the supposed effect. As a result of the effectiveness of the SCAMPI evaluation process, going from 72.7% to 92.7%; This is equivalent to a 26.4% improvement in performance, increasing from 10.9 correct evaluations to 13.9 for conducting such evaluations.

This research paper addresses the sensory evaluation of a perfume made from orange essential oil, considering the sensory acceptance of a panel of experts. The methodology used gives as sample size eight formulations that were prepared and tested hedonically with ten experts in the field using the instrument on the evaluation sheet that represents five scales of smell references. The evaluation suggests that the most sensorial accepted and elaborated perfume formulation based on orange essential oil should be composed of alcohol (7.1 ml), orange essential oil (1.56 ml), lemon essential oil (0.226 ml), essential oil of cinnamon (0.113 ml) and bergamot essential oil (0.113 ml). The results obtained in the development of the sensory evaluation can conclude that the formulation (F8) is more sensorial accepted.

Objective: To synthesize the evidence available in the literature on the relationship between the components of physical activity, physical fitness and academic achievement in adolescents. Methods: The review followed the methodological procedures described by PRISMA and was carried out in the Lilacs, Medline, SciELO, PubMed, Web of Science and Science Direct databases. Quantitative empirical studies published as of 2006 were included. The following descriptors and keywords were used: “Motor activity”, “Physical fitness”, “Physical activity”, “Educational status”, “Academic achievement”, “Academic performance”, and their equivalents in Portuguese and Spanish. Results: The most widely investigated variable was physical fitness (45.5%) followed by physical activity (40.9%), whereas only three studies (13.6%) investigated both. Conclusion: Physical activity and physical fitness are positively associated with the academic achievement of adolescents. In more than 80% of studies the association was considered strong. The physical fitness component most frequently associated with academic achievement was cardiorespiratory fitness. Level of evidence II; Systematic review. RESUMO Objetivo: Sintetizar as evidências disponíveis na literatura acerca da relação entre os componentes da atividade física, da aptidão física e o desempenho acadêmico em adolescentes. Métodos: A revisão seguiu os procedimentos metodológicos descritos pelo PRISMA e foi realizada nas bases de dados Lilacs, Medline, SciELO, PubMed, Web of Science e Science Direct. Foram incluídos estudos empíricos, de natureza quantitativa, publicados a partir do ano de 2006. Os descritores e palavras chave utilizados foram: “Motor activity”, “Physical fitness”, “Physical activity”, “Educational status”, “Academic achievement”, “Academic performance” e seus equivalentes em português e espanhol. Resultados: A aptidão física foi a variável mais investigada (45,5%), seguida da atividade físic (40,9%), sendo que três estudos (13,6%) investigaram ambas. Conclusão: Atividade física e aptidão física estão positivamente associadas ao desempenho acadêmico de adolescentes. Em mais de 80% dos estudos a associação foi considerada forte. O componente da aptidão física mais frequentemente associado ao desempenho acadêmico foi a aptidão cardiorrespiratória. Nível de evidência II; Revisão sistemática. RESUMEN Objetivo: sintetizar las evidencias disponibles en la literatura sobre la relación entre los componentes de la actividad física, de la aptitud física y el desempeño académico en adolescentes. Métodos: La revisión siguió los procedimientos metodológicos descritos por PRISMA y se realizó en las bases de datos Lilacs, Medline, SciELO, PubMed, Web of Science y Science Direct. Se incluyeron estudios empíricos, de naturaleza cuantitativa, publicados a partir de 2006. Las palabras clave y los descriptores utilizados fueron: “Motor activity”, “Physical fitness”, “Physical activity”, “Educational status”, “Academic achievement”, “Academic performance”, y sus equivalentes en portugués y español. Resultados: La aptitud física fue la variable más investigada (45,5%), seguida de la actividad física (40,9%), siendo que tres estudios (13,6%) investigaron ambas. Conclusión: La actividad física y la aptitud física están positivamente asociados al desempeño académico de los adolescentes. En más de 80% de los estudios la asociación se consideró fuerte. El componente de la aptitud física más frecuentemente asociado al desempeño académico fue la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria. Nivel de evidencia II; Revisión sistemática.

The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of industrial wastewater treatment using the Lemna Minor aquatic plant. Certain varieties of macrophyte plants can absorb or retain various contaminants. Thanks to this, it has been determined that the variety known as Lemna Minor presents this type of property. Three treatment trials were carried out varying the amounts of Lemna Minor (100, 200, and 300g). They are keeping constant the retention time of 10 days that were analyzed at 3, 6, and 10 days after the treatment and with a constant volume of the residual effluent. The results indicate that in terms of the parameters that determine organic contamination, BOD was reduced by (61 %); COD was reduced by (68 %) and the concentration of total suspended solids by (61 %).

The purpose of this research was to determine an alternative formula for calculating the Darcy coefficient in turbulent flow in pipes. The proposed alternate formula is an explicit formula that should be used to replace the Colebrook-White formula for calculating the Darcy coefficient in turbulent flow in pipes since it has higher precision than the explicit formulas that are currently in use. In this investigation, the alternate formula was compared with two explicit formulas commonly used in pipe design, the Swamee-Jain and Pavlov formulas. To determining which formula is better, all of them were compared with the Colebrook-White formula. For this, the average percentage and maximum percentage errors of the Darcy coefficient values calculated with each of the explicit formulas were determined, with the values obtained with the Colebrook - White formula. It was determined that the maximum errors in the calculation of the Darcy coefficient concerning the Colebrook-White formula were: 3,104% for the Swamee-Jain formula, 7,973% for the Pavlov formula and 2,740% for the alternate formula.

This paper presents a technical proposal for the application of experimental designs in the construction processes of civil works, specifically in the manufacture of concrete for rigid pavements. Currently is still does not apply these technological advances, or any application of research methods that allows optimizing processes to more satisfactory levels, despite the advantages and benefits they provide in terms of achieving unexpected performance and significant savings of component materials. The experimental design model is a classic statistical model whose objective is to determine if the independent factors influence in a variable of interest in this case the modulus of breakage of the concrete or in another important factor, during the bending test. The answer surface methodology is based on the experimentation in three stages, the results achieved allow locating an optimal area where the adjusted values lead to reduced consumption of them and expanding the strength of the concrete.

The objective of the research is to generate a new formula to determine the variation in prices in a public works contract that allows the financial balance of the counterparts. The methodology for calculating and adjusting the price variation in public works contracts is given as a function of the K factor, which is a number that comes from the calculation of polynomial formulas whose theoretical basis lies in the price indices, which are established in a legal framework of mandatory use of the polynomial formula to determine the K factor, with eight monomials in the budget and the quantity of supplies that exceeds one hundred. It is considered a subjective margin since its elaboration depends on the discretion of the one who elaborates on the polynomial formula. The investigation questions the procedure established by the state regulations for the calculation of the polynomial formula and shows the margin of error that exists between the value obtained by the method set for regulations and that obtained using the entries of the work budget. The result shows the positive variation in inputs, and the prices have increased, with adjustments paid in the contracts with the benefit of contractors.

In software development, sometimes experienced programmers have difficulty determining before performing their tests, which algorithm will work best to solve a particular problem, and the answer to the question will always depend on the type of problem and nature of the data to be used, in this situation, it is necessary to identify which indicator is the most useful for a specific type of problem and especially in route optimization. Currently, there are techniques and algorithms used in Artificial Intelligence, which, however, cannot display their potential without a well-defined data set. The paper seeks to explain and propose an algorithm selection indicator to build a consistent data set, given the lack of availability of data that allows the best route size decision to be made.

To improve the quality of life of the inhabitants of the town of Quichas and promote their sustainable development, we propose an Ecological Research Center. This center allows the restoration and revaluation of biodiversity in the study area. During the exploratory research process, data was collected through observations, interviews and surveys; the areas of direct and indirect influence were delimited, tourist attractions, infrastructure deficiencies and the environmental and ecological situation of the area were identified. As a result of the information analysis, a proposal for sustainable infrastructure was developed with the design and application of bioclimatic architecture techniques and the use of solar energy. For the proposal model, the Sketchup software was used and the results obtained showed us the potential of Quichas for the use of its landscape, biological and environmental resources in productive activities and tourism, as well as for the development of research in sustainable agriculture, considering the dynamics that characterize its systematic geography.

In this article, a recent formulation for real-time simulation is developed combining the strain energy density of the Spring Mass Model (SMM) with the equivalent representation of the Strain Energy Density Function (SEDF). The resulting Equivalent Energy Spring Model (EESM) is expected to provide information in real-time about the mechanical response of soft tissue when subjected to uniaxial deformations. The proposed model represents a variation of the SMM and can be used to predict the mechanical behavior of biological tissues not only during loading but also during unloading deformation states. To assess the accuracy achieved by the EESM, experimental data was collected from liver porcine samples via uniaxial loading and unloading tensile tests. Validation of the model through numerical predictions achieved a refresh rate of 31 fps (31.49 ms of computation time for each frame), achieving a coefficient of determination R2 from 93.23% to 99.94% when compared to experimental data. The proposed hybrid formulation to characterize soft tissue mechanical behavior is fast enough for real-time simulation and captures the soft material nonlinear virgin and stress-softened effects with high accuracy.

The growth of additive manufacturing processes has enabled the production of complex and smart structures. These fabrication techniques have led research efforts to focus on the application of cellular materials, which are known for their thermal and mechanical benefits. Herein, we studied the mechanical behavior of stainless-steel (AISI 316L) lattice structures both experimentally and computationally. The lattice architectures were body-centered cubic, hexagonal vertex centroid, and tetrahedron in two cell sizes and at two different rotation angles. A preliminary computational study assessed the deformation behavior of porous cylindrical samples under compression. After the simulation results, selected samples were manufactured via laser powder bed fusion. The results showed the effects of the pore architecture, unit cell size, and orientation on the reduction in the mechanical properties. The relative densities between 23% and 69% showed a decrease in the bulk material stiffness up to 93%. Furthermore, the different rotation angles resulted in a similar porosity level but different stiffnesses. The simulation analysis and experimental results indicate that the variation in the strut position with respect to the force affected the deformation mechanism. The tetrahedron unit cell showed the smallest variation in the elastic modulus and off-axis displacements due to the cell orientation. This study collected computational and experimental data for tuning the mechanical properties of lattice structures by changing the geometry, size, and orientation of the unit cell.

Objective Summarize the effects of interventions designed to promote physical activity during elementary school recess in children between 5 and 10 years old. Effective school interventions for children can promote physical activity and healthy behaviors. Methods PubMed, Scopus, Bireme, SciELO, Web of Science, PsychINFO, Proquest, Physical Education Index, Sports Discus, and Eric databases were included in the data search. Original intervention articles on physical activity that used regression methods, published between 2000 and 2019 in English, Portuguese and Spanish were analyzed. Analyses were performed in 2019. Outcomes were organized according to the direction of the association by independent variables. Ten articles were considered eligible for data extraction and evaluation. Results Several strategies were used including playground markings, demarcation of physical activities zones, group activities, availability of sports equipment and facilities. Most of the studies were conducted in the United States. Recess periods ranged from 20–94 min per day and intervention time ranged from 6 weeks to 2 years. Recess duration and intervention effects were positively associated with physical activity. Gender (girls) and age (oldest) were negatively associated with physical activity during recess. Conclusions Interventions based on modifications of school environment such as playground markings demarcation of physical activities zones, group activities, availability of sports equipment and facilities are cheap and cost-effective for increasing physical activity in school recess.

Human skin is characterized by rough, elastic, and uneven features that are difficult to recreate using conventional manufacturing technologies and rigid materials. The use of soft materials is a promising alternative to produce devices that mimic the tactile capabilities of biological tissues. Although previous studies have revealed the potential of fillers to modify the properties of composite materials, there is still a gap in modeling the conductivity and mechanical properties of these types of materials. While traditional Finite Element approximations can be used, these methodologies tend to be highly demanding of time and processing power. Instead of this approach, a data-driven learning-based approximation strategy can be used to generate prediction models via neural networks. This paper explores the fabrication of flexible nanocomposites using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with different single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) loadings (0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt.%). Simple Recurrent Neural Networks (SRNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) models were formulated, trained, and tested to obtain the predictive sequence data of out-of-plane quasistatic mechanical tests. Finally, the model learned is applied to a dynamic system using the Kelvin-Voight model and the phenomenon known as the bouncing ball. The best predictive results were achieved using a nonlinear activation function in the SRNN model implementing two units and 4000 epochs. These results suggest the feasibility of a hybrid approach of analogy-based learning and data-driven learning for the design and computational analysis of soft and stretchable nanocomposite materials.

The objective of this research is provide to the specialists in skin cancer, a premature, rapid and non-invasive diagnosis of melanoma identification, using an image of the lesion, to apply to the treatment of a patient, the method used is the architecture contrast of Convolutional neural networks proposed by Laura Kocobinski of the University of Boston, against our architecture, which reduce the depth of the convolution filter of the last two convolutional layers to obtain maps of more significant characteristics. The performance of the model was reflected in the accuracy during the validation, considering the best result obtained, which is confirmed with the additional data set. The findings found with the application of this base architecture were improved accuracy from 0.79 to 0.83, with 30 epochs, compared to Kocobinski's AlexNet architecture, it was not possible to improve the accuracy of 0.90, however, the complexity of the network played an important role in the results we obtained, which was able to balance and obtain better results without increasing the epochs, the application of our research is very helpful for doctors, since it will allow them to quickly identify if an injury is melanoma or not and consequently treat it efficiently.