Author: "C. Grenier" / Search Limiters: Available in Library Collection - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

159 results on '"C. Grenier"'

1. Brief communication: Monitoring active layer dynamics using a lightweight nimble ground-penetrating radar system – a laboratory analogue test case

Author: E. Léger, A. Saintenoy, M. Serhir, F. Costard, and C. Grenier
Subjects: Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: Monitoring active layer dynamics is critical for improving the understanding of near-surface thermal and hydrological processes in the cryosphere. This study presents the laboratory test of a low-cost ground-penetrating radar (GPR) system within a laboratory experiment of active layer freezing and thawing monitoring. The system is an in-house-built low-power monostatic GPR antenna coupled with a reflectometer piloted by a single-board computer (SBC) and was tested prior to field deployment. The correspondence between the frozen front electromagnetic (EM) reflection and temperature allowed us to test the ability of the system to closely monitor the frozen front and bottom of the active layer reflection.
Published: 2023
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2. Invited perspective: What lies beneath a changing Arctic?

Author: J. M. McKenzie, B. L. Kurylyk, M. A. Walvoord, V. F. Bense, D. Fortier, C. Spence, and C. Grenier
Subjects: Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: As permafrost thaws in the Arctic, new subsurface pathways open for the transport of groundwater, energy, and solutes. We identify different ways that these subsurface changes are driving observed surface consequences, including the potential for increased contaminant transport, modification to water resources, and enhanced rates of infrastructure (e.g. buildings and roads) damage. Further, as permafrost thaws it allows groundwater to transport carbon, nutrients, and other dissolved constituents from terrestrial to aquatic environments via progressively deeper subsurface flow paths. Cryohydrogeology, the study of groundwater in cold regions, should be included in northern research initiatives to account for this hidden catalyst of environmental and societal change.
Published: 2021
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3. Emerging climate signals in the Lena River catchment: a non-parametric statistical approach

Author: E. Pohl, C. Grenier, M. Vrac, and M. Kageyama
Subjects: Technology, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: Climate change has far-reaching implications in permafrost-underlain landscapes with respect to hydrology, ecosystems, and the population's traditional livelihoods. In the Lena River catchment, eastern Siberia, changing climatic conditions and the associated impacts are already observed or expected. However, as climate change progresses the question remains as to how far we are along this track and when these changes will constitute a significant emergence from natural variability. Here we present an approach to investigate temperature and precipitation time series from observational records, reanalysis, and an ensemble of 65 climate model simulations forced by the RCP8.5 emission scenario. We developed a novel non-parametric statistical method to identify the time of emergence (ToE) of climate change signals, i.e. the time when a climate signal permanently exceeds its natural variability. The method is based on the Hellinger distance metric that measures the similarity of probability density functions (PDFs) roughly corresponding to their geometrical overlap. Natural variability is estimated as a PDF for the earliest period common to all datasets used in the study (1901–1921) and is then compared to PDFs of target periods with moving windows of 21 years at annual and seasonal scales. The method yields dissimilarities or emergence levels ranging from 0 % to 100 % and the direction of change as a continuous time series itself. First, we showcase the method's advantage over the Kolmogorov–Smirnov metric using a synthetic dataset that resembles signals observed in the utilized climate models. Then, we focus on the Lena River catchment, where significant environmental changes are already apparent. On average, the emergence of temperature has a strong onset in the 1970s with a monotonic increase thereafter for validated reanalysis data. At the end of the reanalysis dataset (2004), temperature distributions have emerged by 50 %–60 %. Climate model projections suggest the same evolution on average and 90 % emergence by 2040. For precipitation the analysis is less conclusive because of high uncertainties in existing reanalysis datasets that also impede an evaluation of the climate models. Model projections suggest hardly any emergence by 2000 but a strong emergence thereafter, reaching 60 % by the end of the investigated period (2089). The presented ToE method provides more versatility than traditional parametric approaches and allows for a detailed temporal analysis of climate signal evolutions. An original strategy to select the most realistic model simulations based on the available observational data significantly reduces the uncertainties resulting from the spread in the 65 climate models used. The method comes as a toolbox available at https://github.com/pohleric/toe_tools (last access: 19 May 2020).
Published: 2020
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4. Genetic Associations between Modifiable Risk Factors and Alzheimer Disease

Author: Luo, J. Thomassen, J.Q. Bellenguez, C. Grenier-Boley, B. De Rojas, I. Castillo, A. Parveen, K. Küçükali, F. Nicolas, A. Peters, O. Schneider, A. Dichgans, M. Rujescu, D. Scherbaum, N. Jürgen, D. Riedel-Heller, S. Hausner, L. Porcel, L.M. Düzel, E. Grimmer, T. Wiltfang, J. Heilmann-Heimbach, S. Moebus, S. Tegos, T. Scarmeas, N. Clarimon, J. Moreno, F. Pérez-Tur, J. Bullido, M.J. Pastor, P. Sánchez-Valle, R. Álvarez, V. Boada, M. García-González, P. Puerta, R. Mir, P. Real, L.M. Piñol-Ripoll, G. García-Alberca, J.M. Royo, J.L. Rodriguez-Rodriguez, E. Soininen, H. Kuulasmaa, T. De Mendonça, A. Mehrabian, S. Hort, J. Vyhnalek, M. Van Der Lee, S. Graff, C. Papenberg, G. Giedraitis, V. Boland, A. Bacq-Daian, D. Deleuze, J.-F. Nicolas, G. Dufouil, C. Pasquier, F. Hanon, O. Debette, S. Grünblatt, E. Popp, J. Benussi, L. Galimberti, D. Arosio, B. Mecocci, P. Solfrizzi, V. Parnetti, L. Squassina, A. Tremolizzo, L. Borroni, B. Nacmias, B. Sorbi, S. Caffarra, P. Seripa, D. Rainero, I. Daniele, A. Masullo, C. Spalletta, G. Williams, J. Amouyel, P. Jessen, F. Kehoe, P. Magda, T. Rossi, G. Sánchez-Juan, P. Sleegers, K. Ingelsson, M. Andreassen, O.A. Hiltunen, M. Van Duijn, C. Sims, R. Van Der Flier, W. Ruiz, A. Ramirez, A. Lambert, J.-C. Frikke-Schmidt, R. and Luo, J. Thomassen, J.Q. Bellenguez, C. Grenier-Boley, B. De Rojas, I. Castillo, A. Parveen, K. Küçükali, F. Nicolas, A. Peters, O. Schneider, A. Dichgans, M. Rujescu, D. Scherbaum, N. Jürgen, D. Riedel-Heller, S. Hausner, L. Porcel, L.M. Düzel, E. Grimmer, T. Wiltfang, J. Heilmann-Heimbach, S. Moebus, S. Tegos, T. Scarmeas, N. Clarimon, J. Moreno, F. Pérez-Tur, J. Bullido, M.J. Pastor, P. Sánchez-Valle, R. Álvarez, V. Boada, M. García-González, P. Puerta, R. Mir, P. Real, L.M. Piñol-Ripoll, G. García-Alberca, J.M. Royo, J.L. Rodriguez-Rodriguez, E. Soininen, H. Kuulasmaa, T. De Mendonça, A. Mehrabian, S. Hort, J. Vyhnalek, M. Van Der Lee, S. Graff, C. Papenberg, G. Giedraitis, V. Boland, A. Bacq-Daian, D. Deleuze, J.-F. Nicolas, G. Dufouil, C. Pasquier, F. Hanon, O. Debette, S. Grünblatt, E. Popp, J. Benussi, L. Galimberti, D. Arosio, B. Mecocci, P. Solfrizzi, V. Parnetti, L. Squassina, A. Tremolizzo, L. Borroni, B. Nacmias, B. Sorbi, S. Caffarra, P. Seripa, D. Rainero, I. Daniele, A. Masullo, C. Spalletta, G. Williams, J. Amouyel, P. Jessen, F. Kehoe, P. Magda, T. Rossi, G. Sánchez-Juan, P. Sleegers, K. Ingelsson, M. Andreassen, O.A. Hiltunen, M. Van Duijn, C. Sims, R. Van Der Flier, W. Ruiz, A. Ramirez, A. Lambert, J.-C. Frikke-Schmidt, R.
Abstract: Importance: An estimated 40% of dementia is potentially preventable by modifying 12 risk factors throughout the life course. However, robust evidence for most of these risk factors is lacking. Effective interventions should target risk factors in the causal pathway to dementia. Objective: To comprehensively disentangle potentially causal aspects of modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer disease (AD) to inspire new drug targeting and improved prevention. Design, Setting, and Participants: This genetic association study was conducted using 2-sample univariable and multivariable mendelian randomization. Independent genetic variants associated with modifiable risk factors were selected as instrumental variables from genomic consortia. Outcome data for AD were obtained from the European Alzheimer & Dementia Biobank (EADB), generated on August 31, 2021. Main analyses were conducted using the EADB clinically diagnosed end point data. All analyses were performed between April 12 and October 27, 2022. Exposures: Genetically determined modifiable risk factors. Main Outcomes and Measures: Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for AD were calculated per 1-unit change of genetically determined risk factors. Results: The EADB-diagnosed cohort included 39106 participants with clinically diagnosed AD and 401577 control participants without AD. The mean age ranged from 72 to 83 years for participants with AD and 51 to 80 years for control participants. Among participants with AD, 54% to 75% were female, and among control participants, 48% to 60% were female. Genetically determined high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations were associated with increased odds of AD (OR per 1-SD increase, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.05-1.16]). Genetically determined high systolic blood pressure was associated with increased risk of AD after adjusting for diastolic blood pressure (OR per 10-mm Hg increase, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.02-1.46]). In a second analysis to minimize bias due to sample overlap, the entire
Published: 2023

5. Permafrost modelling with OpenFOAM®: New advancements of the permaFoam solver

Author: L. Orgogozo, T. Xavier, H. Oulbani, C. Grenier, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation Hydrologique (HYDRO), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-19-CE46-0003,HiPerBorea,Calul haute performance pour la quantification des impacts du changement climatique sur les régions boréales(2019)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Hardware and Architecture, General Physics and Astronomy, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023
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6. Shaping of ceria-based single solid oxide cells combining tape-casting, screen-printing and infiltration

Author: Thierry Chartier, Pierre-Marie Geffroy, L. Guesnet, J.-C. Grenier, Jean-Marc Bassat, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur les CERamiques (IRCER), Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This research was partly supported by a French regional fellowship 'Région Nouvelle Aquitaine' (for L.G.). LG, JCG and JMB are grateful for the financial support obtained through the ANR project ECOREVE (ANR-18-CE05-0036-01). All authors acknowledge the French group GDR HysPac for fruitful discussions. Finally, the authors are grateful to the Solvay company (France) for providing the chemical precursors and powders employed in this work., and ANR-18-CE05-0036,ECOREVE,EleCtrOdes architecturées pour la Réalisation d'Electrolyseurs de la Vapeur d'Eau à haute température(2018)
Subjects: Materials science, Oxide, 02 engineering and technology, Electrolyte, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, Solid Oxide Cells, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ceria, 0103 physical sciences, tape casting, Materials Chemistry, medicine, Porosity, 010302 applied physics, Tape casting, Pressing, infiltration method, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, medicine.disease, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Screen printing, Ceramics and Composites, 0210 nano-technology, Infiltration (medical)
Abstract: International audience; This study describes the development of a shaping process involving GDC10 (Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95) as an electrolyte for Solid Oxide Cells operating at low temperature (500−600 °C). The goal is to build a single cell of porous/dense/porous GDC10 layers while adapting the porous layer thicknesses, which are infiltrated by catalysts to prepare efficient GDC-base composites. Two shaping processes were used to make the cell. The first process is die pressing of the electrolyte powder followed by the infiltration of a screen-printed porous backbone. The second shaping process consists of preparing a porous/dense/porous (30 μm/≈ 400 μm/30 μm) cell in a single step by combining tape-casting and screen-printing processes followed by the infiltration of the previous catalyst.
Published: 2020
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7. BEOL Process Effects on ePCM Reliability

Author: A. Redaelli, A. Gandolfo, G. Samanni, E. Gomiero, E. Petroni, L. Scotti, A. Lippiello, P. Mattavelli, J. Jasse, D. Codegoni, A. Serafini, R. Ranica, C. Boccaccio, J. Sandrini, R. Berthelon, J.-C. Grenier, O. Weber, D. Turgis, A. Valery, S. Del Medico, V. Caubet, J.-P. Reynard, D. Dutartre, L. Favennec, A. Conte, F. Disegni, M. De Tomasi, A. Ventre, M. Baldo, D. Ielmini, A. Maurelli, P. Ferreira, F. Arnaud, F. Piazza, P. Cappelletti, R. Annunziata, and R. Gonella
Subjects: reliability, emerging memory, Germanium, Resistance, Dispersion, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Metals, Programming, 28nm FDSOI, BEOL, Ge-rich GST, embedded memory, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, GST, Crystallization, Biotechnology, ePCM
Published: 2022

8. Color-mapped noise vector fields for generating procedural micro-patterns

Author: C. Grenier, B. Sauvage, J.‐M. Dischler, S. Thery, Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-19-CE33-0011,ReProcTex,Rendu de textures procédurales pour les mondes virtuels gigantesques(2019)
Subjects: Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR]
Published: 2022
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9. Optimization of Small Molecules That Sensitize HIV-1 Infected Cells to Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity

Author: Arne Schön, Jean-Philippe Chapleau, Amos B. Smith, Andrés Finzi, Melissa C. Grenier, Rebekah Sherburn, Dani Vézina, William D. Tolbert, Marzena Pazgier, Sambasivarao Somisetti, Cameron F. Abrams, and Shilei Ding
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), virus diseases, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Small molecule, Virology, Epitope, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, chemistry, Drug Discovery, biology.protein, medicine, Antibody, Cell-mediated cytotoxicity, Glycoprotein
Abstract: [Image: see text] With approximately 37 million people living with HIV worldwide and an estimated 2 million new infections reported each year, the need to derive novel strategies aimed at eradicating HIV-1 infection remains a critical worldwide challenge. One potential strategy would involve eliminating infected cells via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). HIV-1 has evolved sophisticated mechanisms to conceal epitopes located in its envelope glycoprotein (Env) that are recognized by ADCC-mediating antibodies present in sera from HIV-1 infected individuals. Our aim is to circumvent this evasion via the development of small molecules that expose relevant anti-Env epitopes and sensitize HIV-1 infected cells to ADCC. Rapid elaboration of an initial screening hit using parallel synthesis and structure-based optimization has led to the development of potent small molecules that elicit this humoral response. Efforts to increase the ADCC activity of this class of small molecules with the aim of increasing their therapeutic potential was based on our recent cocrystal structures with gp120 core.
Published: 2019
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10. Crop photoperiodism model 2.0 for the flowering time of sorghum and rice that includes daily changes in sunrise and sunset times and temperature acclimation

Author: Benoît Clerget, M Sidibe, Kawakata T, Heathel Loren Layaoen, J H Bernal, C Grenier, A. Domingo, Crisanta Sunio Bueno, N D Gutiérrez-Palacios, Chantereau J, and G Trouche
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, Acclimatization, Photoperiod, Synchronous flowering, Oryza sativa, Plant Science, Flowers, Sunset, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Floraison, Sunrise, Phyllochron, Humans, Acclimatation, Photopériodicité, Sorghum, photoperiodism, biology, Temperature, Sowing, Oryza, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Original Articles, Sorghum bicolor, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy, Seedling, Panicule, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Background and Aims Daylength determines flowering dates. However, questions remain regarding flowering dates in the natural environment, such as the synchronous flowering of plants sown simultaneously at highly contrasting latitudes. The daily change in sunrise and sunset times is the cue for the flowering of trees and for the synchronization of moulting in birds at the equator. Sunrise and sunset also synchronize the cell circadian clock, which is involved in the regulation of flowering. The goal of this study was to update the photoperiodism model with knowledge acquired since its conception. Methods A large dataset was gathered, including four 2-year series of monthly sowings of 28 sorghum varieties in Mali and two 1-year series of monthly sowings of eight rice varieties in the Philippines to compare with previously published monthly sowings in Japan and Malaysia, and data from sorghum breeders in France, Nicaragua and Colombia. An additive linear model of the duration in days to panicle initiation (PI) and flowering time using daylength and daily changes in sunrise and sunset times was implemented. Key Results Simultaneous with the phyllochron, the duration to PI of field crops acclimated to the mean temperature at seedling emergence within the usual range of mean cropping temperatures. A unique additive linear model combining daylength and daily changes in sunrise and sunset hours was accurately fitted for any type of response in the duration to PI to the sowing date without any temperature input. Once calibrated on a complete and an incomplete monthly sowing series at two tropical latitudes, the model accurately predicted the duration to PI of the concerned varieties from the equatorial to the temperate zone. Conclusions Including the daily changes in sunrise and sunset times in the updated photoperiodism model largely improved its accuracy at the latitude of each experiment. More research is needed to ascertain its multi-latitudinal accuracy, especially at latitudes close to the equator.
Published: 2021

11. 772 Gene profiling of a 3D psoriatic skin model enriched in T cells: Downregulation of PTPRM promotes keratinocytes proliferation through excessive ERK signaling

Author: G. Rioux, F. Turgeon, C. Grenier, G. Le-Bel, S. Guérin, and R. Pouliot
Subjects: Cell Biology, Dermatology, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry
Published: 2022
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12. Optimization of the Synthesis Procedure of LiMn2O4 Electrodes for Efficient Rechargeable Lithium Cells: Influence of the Crystallite Size and Surface Defects on the Electrochemical Performances of 3 V Li1+xMn2O4 and 4V Li1-xMn2O4 Electrodes

Author: N. Treuil, A. Deshayes, J. C. Frison, J. C. Grenier, L. Rabardel, E. Sellier, J. Portier, and G. Campet
Subjects: Electrochemical model, Li batteries, nanocrystalline materials., Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract: Various LiMn2O4 electrode materials, having different crystallite sizes ranging from ∼50Å to ∼500Å, have been investigated either in 3V or in 4V Li batteries. In agreement with our ≪electrochemical model≫, we have shown that nanocrystalline samples have much higher capacity, and cyclability than their microcrystalline homologue in the 3 V domain uniquely. A reverse trend is observed in the 4 V range, still in agreement with the model.
Published: 1998
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13. Crop-photoperiodism model 2.0 for the panicle-initiation date of sorghum and rice that includes daily changes in sunrise and sunset times

Author: Heathel Loren Layaoen, C Grenier, Kawakata T, J H Bernal, Palacios N, Crisanta Sunio Bueno, Clerget B, M Sidibe, Chantereau J, A. Domingo, and G Trouche
Subjects: photoperiodism, biology, Agronomy, Synchronous flowering, Sowing, Sunrise, Phyllochron, Sunset, Sorghum, biology.organism_classification, Panicle
Abstract: Background and AimsDaylength determines flowering dates. However, questions remain regarding flowering dates in the natural environment, such as the synchronous flowering of plants sown simultaneously at highly contrasting latitudes. The daily change in sunrise and sunset times is the cue for the flowering of trees and for the synchronisation moulting in birds at the equator. Sunrise and sunset also synchronise the cell circadian clock, which is involved in the regulation of flowering. The goal of this study was to update the photoperiodism model with knowledge acquired since its conception.MethodsA large dataset was gathered, including four 2-year series of monthly sowings of 28 sorghum varieties in Mali and two 1-year series of monthly sowings of eight rice varieties in the Philippines to compare with previously published monthly sowings in Japan and Malaysia, and data from sorghum breeders in France, Nicaragua, and Colombia. An additive linear model of the duration in days to panicle initiation (PI) using day length and daily changes in sunrise and sunset times was implemented.Key ResultsSimultaneous with the phyllochron, the duration to PI of field crops acclimated to the mean temperature at seedling emergence within the usual range of mean cropping temperatures. A unique additive linear model combining daylength and daily changes in sunrise and sunset hours was accurately fitted for any type of response in the duration to PI to the sowing date without any temperature input. Once calibrated on a complete and an incomplete monthly sowing series at two tropical latitudes, the model accurately predicted the duration to PI of the concerned varieties from the equatorial to the temperate zone.ConclusionsThe results of the updated photoperiodism model strongly supported the hypothesis that photoperiodism could be a combined response to day length and daily changes in sunrise and sunset times.
Published: 2020
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14. The HIV-1 Env gp120 Inner Domain Shapes the Phe43 Cavity and the CD4 Binding Site

Author: Changze Han, Agnès L. Chenine, Sharon Kirk, Rebekah Sherburn, Adel Ahmed Rashad Ahmed, Marzena Pazgier, Cameron F. Abrams, Amos B. Smith, Jérémie Prévost, William D. Tolbert, Navid Madani, Natasha Gupta Vergara, Brendan Mann, Irwin Chaiken, Gabrielle Gendron-Lepage, Andrés Finzi, Frank Kirchhoff, Halima Medjahed, Hillel Haim, Daria Zoubchenok, Melissa C. Grenier, Althea Gaffney, Beatrice H. Hahn, and Joseph Sodroski
Subjects: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, viruses, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Druggability, CD4 mimetic, HIV Envelope Protein gp120, medicine.disease_cause, Insert (molecular biology), Biomimetics, CRF01_AE, CD4mc, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Thymocytes, Chemistry, virus diseases, QR1-502, 3. Good health, Phe43 cavity, Domain (ring theory), CD4 Antigens, ADCC, Crystallization, Research Article, Protein Binding, Env, Phenylalanine, Binding pocket, Microbiology, CD4 binding site, Host-Microbe Biology, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, Dogs, Protein Domains, Virology, medicine, Animals, Humans, Binding site, 030304 developmental biology, Binding Sites, 030306 microbiology, neutralization, CD4, gp120, HEK293 Cells, Biophysics, HIV-1, Glycoprotein
Abstract: The Phe43 cavity of HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env) is an attractive druggable target. New promising compounds, including small CD4 mimetics (CD4mc), were shown to insert deeply into this cavity. Here, we identify a new network of residues that helps to shape this highly conserved CD4 binding pocket and characterize the structural determinants responsible for Env sensitivity to small CD4 mimetics., The HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env) undergo conformational changes upon interaction of the gp120 exterior glycoprotein with the CD4 receptor. The gp120 inner domain topological layers facilitate the transition of Env to the CD4-bound conformation. CD4 engages gp120 by introducing its phenylalanine 43 (Phe43) in a cavity (“the Phe43 cavity”) located at the interface between the inner and outer gp120 domains. Small CD4-mimetic compounds (CD4mc) can bind within the Phe43 cavity and trigger conformational changes similar to those induced by CD4. Crystal structures of CD4mc in complex with a modified CRF01_AE gp120 core revealed the importance of these gp120 inner domain layers in stabilizing the Phe43 cavity and shaping the CD4 binding site. Our studies reveal a complex interplay between the gp120 inner domain and the Phe43 cavity and generate useful information for the development of more-potent CD4mc.
Published: 2020

15. Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry

Author: Jitendra PS. Sawhney, Veerappa A. Kothiwale, Vikas Bisne, Rajashekhar Durgaprasad, Praveen Jadhav, Manoj Chopda, Velam Vanajakshamma, Ramdhan Meena, Govindan Vijayaraghavan, Kamaldeep Chawla, Jagan Allu, Karen S. Pieper, A. John Camm, Ajay K. Kakkar, Jean-Pierre Bassand, David A. Fitzmaurice, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Shinya Goto, Sylvia Haas, Werner Hacke, Lorenzo G. Mantovani, Frank Misselwitz, Alexander G.G. Turpie, Martin van Eickels, Freek W.A. Verheugt, Gloria Kayani, Keith A.A. Fox, Bernard J. Gersh, Hector Lucas Luciardi, Harry Gibbs, Marianne Brodmann, Frank Cools, Antonio Carlos Pereira Barretto, Stuart J. Connolly, Alex Spyropoulos, John Eikelboom, Ramon Corbalan, Dayi Hu, Petr Jansky, Jørn Dalsgaard Nielsen, Hany Ragy, Pekka Raatikainen, Jean-Yves Le Heuzey, Harald Darius, Matyas Keltai, Sanjay Kakkar, Jitendra Pal Singh Sawhney, Giancarlo Agnelli, Giuseppe Ambrosio, Yukihiro Koretsune, Carlos Jerjes Sánchez Díaz, Hugo Ten Cate, Dan Atar, Janina Stepinska, Elizaveta Panchenko, Toon Wei Lim, Barry Jacobson, Seil Oh, Xavier Viñolas, Marten Rosenqvist, Jan Steffel, Pantep Angchaisuksiri, Ali Oto, Alex Parkhomenko, Wael Al Mahmeed, David Fitzmaurice, D.Y. Hu, K.N. Chen, Y.S. Zhao, H.Q. Zhang, J.Z. Chen, S.P. Cao, D.W. Wang, Y.J. Yang, W.H. Li, Y.H. Yin, G.Z. Tao, P. Yang, Y.M. Chen, S.H. He, Ying Wang, Yong Wang, G.S. Fu, X. Li, T.G. Wu, X.S. Cheng, X.W. Yan, R.P. Zhao, M.S. Chen, L.G. Xiong, P. Chen, Y. Jiao, Y. Guo, L. Xue, F.Z. Wang, H. Li, Z.M. Yang, C.L. Bai, J. Chen, J.Y. Chen, X. Chen, S. Feng, Q.H. Fu, X.J. Gao, W.N. Guo, R.H. He, X.A. He, X.S. Hu, X.F. Huang, B. Li, J. Li, L. Li, Y.H. Li, T.T. Liu, W.L. Liu, Y.Y. Liu, Z.C. Lu, X.L. Luo, T.Y. Ma, J.Q. Peng, X. Sheng, X.J. Shi, Y.H. Sun, G. Tian, K. Wang, L. Wang, R.N. Wu, Q. Xie, R.Y. Xu, J.S. Yang, L.L. Yang, Q. Yang, Y. Ye, H.Y. Yu, J.H. Yu, T. Yu, H. Zhai, Q. Zhan, G.S. Zhang, Q. Zhang, R. Zhang, Y. Zhang, W.Y. Zheng, B. Zhou, Z.H. Zhou, X.Y. Zhu, S. Kakkar, J.P.S. Sawhney, P. Jadhav, R. Durgaprasad, A.G. Ravi Shankar, R.K. Rajput, K. Bhargava, R. Sarma, A. Srinivas, D. Roy, U.M. Nagamalesh, M. Chopda, R. Kishore, G. Kulkarni, P. Chandwani, R.A. Pothiwala, M. Padinhare Purayil, S. Shah, K. Chawla, V.A. Kothiwale, B. Raghuraman, G. Vijayaraghavan, V.M. Vijan, G. Bantwal, V. Bisne, A. Khan, J.B. Gupta, S. Kumar, D. Jain, S. Abraham, D. Adak, A. Barai, H. Begum, P. Bhattacharjee, M. Dargude, D. Davies, B. Deshpande, P. Dhakrao, V. Dhyani, S. Duhan, M. Earath, A. Ganatra, S. Giradkar, V. Jain, R. Karthikeyan, L. Kasala, S. Kaur, S. Krishnappa, A. Lawande, B. Lokesh, N. Madarkar, R. Meena, P. More, D. Naik, K. Prashanth, M. Rao, N.M. Rao, N. Sadhu, D. Shah, M. Sharma, P. Shiva, S. Singhal, S. Suresh, V. Vanajakshamma, S.G. Panse, Y. Koretsune, S. Kanamori, K. Yamamoto, K. Kumagai, Y. Katsuda, K. Sadamatsu, F. Toyota, Y. Mizuno, I. Misumi, H. Noguchi, S. Ando, T. Suetsugu, M. Minamoto, Hiroshi Oda, K. Shiraishi, S. Adachi, K. Chiba, H. Norita, M. Tsuruta, T. Koyanagi, H. Ando, T. Higashi, K. Okada, S. Azakami, S. Komaki, K. Kumeda, T. Murayama, J. Matsumura, Y. Oba, R. Sonoda, K. Goto, K. Minoda, Y. Haraguchi, H. Suefuji, H. Miyagi, H. Kato, Tadashi Nakamura, Tsugihiro Nakamura, H. Nandate, R. Zaitsu, Yoshihisa Fujiura, A. Yoshimura, H. Numata, J. Ogawa, H. Tatematsu, Y. Kamogawa, K. Murakami, Y. Wakasa, M. Yamasawa, H. Maekawa, S. Abe, H. Kihara, S. Tsunoda, Katsumi Saito, Kazuyuki Saito, T. Fudo, K. Obunai, H. Tachibana, I. Oba, T. Kuwahata, S. Higa, M. Gushiken, T. Eto, H. Yoshida, D. Ikeda, Yoshitake Fujiura, M. Ishizawa, M. Nakatsuka, K. Murata, C. Ogurusu, M. Shimoyama, M. Akutsu, I. Takamura, F. Hoshino, N. Yokota, T. Iwao, K. Tsuchida, M. Takeuchi, Y. Hatori, Y. Kitami, Yoichi Nakamura, R. Oyama, M. Ageta, Hiroyuki Oda, Y. Go, K. Mishima, T. Unoki, S. Morii, Yuhei Shiga, H. Sumi, T. Nagatomo, K. Sanno, K. Fujisawa, Y. Atsuchi, T. Nagoshi, T. Seto, T. Tabuchi, M. Kameko, K. Nii, K. Oshiro, H. Takezawa, S. Nagano, N. Miyamoto, M. Iwaki, Yuichiro Nakamura, M. Fujii, M. Okawa, Masahiko Abe, Masatake Abe, Mitsunori Abe, T. Saito, T. Mito, K. Nagao, J. Minami, T. Mita, I. Sakuma, T. Taguchi, S. Marusaki, H. Doi, M. Tanaka, T. Fujito, M. Matsuta, T. Kusumoto, S. Kakinoki, K. Ashida, N. Yoshizawa, J. Agata, O. Arasaki, M. Manita, M. Ikemura, S. Fukuoka, H. Murakami, S. Matsukawa, Y. Hata, T. Taniguchi, T. Ko, H. Kubo, M. Imamaki, M. Akiyama, M. Inagaki, H. Odakura, T. Ueda, Y. Katsube, A. Nakata, H. Watanabe, M. Techigawara, M. Igarashi, K. Taga, T. Kimura, S. Tomimoto, M. Shibuya, M. Nakano, K. Ito, T. Seo, S. Hiramitsu, H. Hosokawa, M. Hoshiai, M. Hibino, K. Miyagawa, Hajime Horie, N. Sugishita, Yukio Shiga, A. Soma, K. Neya, Tetsuro Yoshida, Tomoki Yoshida, M. Mizuguchi, M. Ishiguro, T. Minagawa, M. Wada, H. Mukawa, F. Okuda, S. Nagasaka, Y. Abe, Sen Adachi, Susumu Adachi, T. Adachi, K. Akahane, T. Amano, K. Aoki, T. Aoyama, H. Arai, S. Arima, T. Arino, H. Asano, T. Asano, J. Azuma, T. Baba, T. Betsuyaku, H. Chibana, H. Date, J. Doiuchi, Y. Emura, M. Endo, Y. Fujii, R. Fujiki, A. Fujisawa, Y. Fujisawa, T. Fukuda, T. Fukui, N. Furukawa, T. Furukawa, W. Furumoto, T. Goto, M. Hamaoka, N. Hanazono, K. Hasegawa, T. Hatsuno, Y. Hayashi, K. Higuchi, K. Hirasawa, H. Hirayama, M. Hirose, S. Hirota, M. Honda, Hideki Horie, T. Ido, O. Iiji, H. Ikeda, K. Ikeda, K. Ikeoka, M. Imaizumi, H. Inaba, T. Inoue, F. Iseki, A. Ishihara, N. Ishioka, N. Ito, T. Iwase, H. Kakuda, J. Kamata, H. Kanai, H. Kanda, M. Kaneko, H. Kano, T. Kasai, T. Kato, Y. Kato, Y. Kawada, K. Kawai, K. Kawakami, S. Kawakami, T. Kawamoto, S. Kawano, J. Kim, T. Kira, H. Kitazawa, H. Kitazumi, T. Kito, T. Kobayashi, T. Koeda, J. Kojima, H. Komatsu, I. Komatsu, Y. Koshibu, T. Kotani, T. Kozuka, Y. Kumai, T. Kumazaki, I. Maeda, K. Maeda, Y. Maruyama, S. Matsui, K. Matsushita, Y. Matsuura, K. Mineoi, H. Mitsuhashi, N. Miura, S. Miyaguchi, S. Miyajima, H. Miyamoto, A. Miyashita, S. Miyata, I. Mizuguchi, A. Mizuno, T. Mori, O. Moriai, K. Morishita, O. Murai, Sho Nagai, Shunichi Nagai, E. Nagata, H. Nagata, A. Nakagomi, S. Nakahara, M. Nakamura, R. Nakamura, N. Nakanishi, T. Nakayama, R. Nakazato, T. Nanke, J. Nariyama, Y. Niijima, H. Niinuma, Y. Nishida, Y. Nishihata, K. Nishino, H. Nishioka, K. Nishizawa, I. Niwa, K. Nomura, S. Nomura, M. Nozoe, T. Ogawa, N. Ohara, M. Okada, K. Okamoto, H. Okita, M. Okuyama, H. Ono, T. Ono, Y. Onuki Pearce, S. Oriso, A. Ota, E. Otaki, Y. Saito, H. Sakai, N. Sakamoto, Y. Sakamoto, Y. Samejima, Y. Sasagawa, H. Sasaguri, A. Sasaki, T. Sasaki, Kazuki Sato, Kiyoharu Sato, M. Sawano, S. Seki, Y. Sekine, Y. Seta, K. Sezaki, N. Shibata, Y. Shiina, H. Shimono, Y. Shimoyama, T. Shindo, H. Shinohara, R. Shinohe, T. Shinozuka, T. Shirai, T. Shiraiwa, Y. Shozawa, T. Suga, C. Sugimoto, Kazuo Suzuki, Keita Suzuki, Shu Suzuki, Shunji Suzuki, Susumu Suzuki, Y. Suzuki, M. Tada, A. Taguchi, T. Takagi, Y. Takagi, K. Takahashi, S. Takahashi, H. Takai, C. Takanaka, S. Take, H. Takeda, K. Takei, K. Takenaka, T. Tana, G. Tanabe, K. Taya, H. Teragawa, S. Tohyo, S. Toru, Y. Tsuchiya, T. Tsuji, K. Tsuzaki, H. Uchiyama, O. Ueda, Y. Ueyama, N. Wakaki, T. Wakiyama, T. Washizuka, M. Watanabe, T. Yamada, T. Yamagishi, H. Yamaguchi, Kenichi Yamamoto, Kentaro Yamamoto, Kunihiko Yamamoto, T. Yamamoto, M. Yamaura, M. Yamazoe, K. Yasui, Y. Yokoyama, K. Yoshida, T.W. Lim, C.K. Ching, C.G. Foo, J.H. Chow, D.D. Chen, F.R. Jaufeerally, Y.M. Lee, G. Lim, W.T. Lim, S. Thng, S.Y. Yap, C. Yeo, S. Oh, H.N. Pak, J.-B. Kim, J.H. Kim, S.-W. Jang, D.H. Kim, D.R. Ryu, S.W. Park, D.-K. Kim, D.J. Choi, Y.S. Oh, M.-C. Cho, S.-H. Kim, H.-K. Jeon, D.-G. Shin, J.S. Park, H.K. Park, S.-J. Han, J.H. Sung, J.-G. Cho, G.-B. Nam, Y.K. On, H.E. Lim, J.J. Kwak, T.-J. Cha, T.J. Hong, S.H. Park, J.H. Yoon, N.-H. Kim, K.-S. Kim, B.C. Jung, G.-S. Hwang, C.-J. Kim, D.B. Kim, J.J. Ahn, H.J. An, H. Bae, A.L. Baek, W.J. Chi, E.A. Choi, E.H. Choi, H.K. Choi, H.S. Choi, S. Han, E.S. Heo, K.O. Her, S.W. Hwang, E.M. Jang, H.-S. Jang, S. Jang, H.-G. Jeon, S.R. Jeon, Y.R. Jeon, H.K. Jeong, I.-A. Jung, Hyeon Jeong Kim, Hyun Ju Kim, Ji Seon Kim, Jung Sook Kim, J.A. Kim, K.T. Kim, M.S. Kim, Sang Hee Kim, Sang Hyun Kim, Y.-I. Kim, C.S. Lee, E.H. Lee, G.H. Lee, H.Y. Lee, H.-Y. Lee, K.H. Lee, K.R. Lee, M.S. Lee, M.-Y. Lee, R.W. Lee, S.E. Lee, S.H. Lee, S. Lee, W.Y. Lee, I.K. Noh, A.R. Park, B.R. Park, H.N. Park, J.H. Park, M. Park, Y. Park, S.-Y. Seo, J. Shim, J.H. Sim, Y.M. Sohn, W.S. Son, Y.S. Son, H.J. Song, H.K. Wi, J.J. Woo, S. Ye, K.H. Yim, K.M. Yoo, E.J. Yoon, S.Y. Yun, P. Angchaisuksiri, S. Chawanadelert, P. Mongkolwongroj, K. Kanokphatcharakun, S. Cheewatanakornkul, T. Laksomya, S. Pattanaprichakul, T. Chantrarat, S. Rungaramsin, S. Silaruks, W. Wongcharoen, K. Siriwattana, K. Likittanasombat, P. Katekangplu, W. Boonyapisit, D. Cholsaringkarl, B. Chatlaong, P. Chattranukulchai, Y. Santanakorn, P. Hutayanon, P. Khunrong, T. Bunyapipat, S. Jai-Aue, P. Kaewsuwanna, P. Bamungpong, S. Gunaparn, S. Hongsuppinyo, R. Inphontan, R. Khattaroek, K. Khunkong, U. Kitmapawanont, C. Kongsin, B. Naratreekoon, S. Ninwaranon, J. Phangyota, A. Phrommintikul, P. Phunpinyosak, K. Pongmorakot, S. Poomiphol, N. Pornnimitthum, S. Pumprueg, S. Ratchasikaew, K. Sanit, K. Sawanyawisuth, B. Silaruks, R. Sirichai, A. Sriwichian, W. Suebjaksing, P. Sukklad, T. Suttana, A. Tangsirira, O. Thangpet, W. Tiyanon, Y. Vorasettakarnkij, T. Wisaratapong, W. Wongtheptien, A. Wutthimanop, S. Yawila, A. Oto, A. Altun, I. Ozdogru, K. Ozdemir, O. Yilmaz, A. Aydinlar, M.B. Yilmaz, E. Yeter, Z. Ongen, M. Cayli, H. Pekdemir, M. Ozdemir, M. Sucu, T. Sayin, M. Demir, H. 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Y., Angchaisuksiri, P., Chawanadelert, S., Mongkolwongroj, P., Kanokphatcharakun, K., Cheewatanakornkul, S., Laksomya, T., Pattanaprichakul, S., Chantrarat, T., Rungaramsin, S., Silaruks, S., Wongcharoen, W., Siriwattana, K., Likittanasombat, K., Katekangplu, P., Boonyapisit, W., Cholsaringkarl, D., Chatlaong, B., Chattranukulchai, P., Santanakorn, Y., Hutayanon, P., Khunrong, P., Bunyapipat, T., Jai-Aue, S., Kaewsuwanna, P., Bamungpong, P., Gunaparn, S., Hongsuppinyo, S., Inphontan, R., Khattaroek, R., Khunkong, K., Kitmapawanont, U., Kongsin, C., Naratreekoon, B., Ninwaranon, S., Phangyota, J., Phrommintikul, A., Phunpinyosak, P., Pongmorakot, K., Poomiphol, S., Pornnimitthum, N., Pumprueg, S., Ratchasikaew, S., Sanit, K., Sawanyawisuth, K., Silaruks, B., Sirichai, R., Sriwichian, A., Suebjaksing, W., Sukklad, P., Suttana, T., Tangsirira, A., Thangpet, O., Tiyanon, W., Vorasettakarnkij, Y., Wisaratapong, T., Wongtheptien, W., Wutthimanop, A., Yawila, S., Oto, A., Altun, A., Ozdogru, I., Ozdemir, K., Yilmaz, O., Aydinlar, A., Yilmaz, M. 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A., Andersson, A., Malmqvist, L., Martinsson, B., Bernsten, F., Engdahl, J., Thulin, J., Hot-Bjelac, A., Stalby, P., Aaröe, H., Ahbeck, E., Ahlmark, H., Al-Khalili, F., Bonkowski, G., Dzeletovic, S., Ekstrand, A. -B., Eriksson, G. -B., Floren, K., Grässjö, C., Hahn, S., Jaensson, P., Jansson, B., Jansson, J. -H., Kangert, R. -M., Koch, A., Kusiak, D., Lettenström, A., Lindberg, A., Lindholm, C. -J., Mannermyr, A., Mansson, K., Millborg, M., Nilsson, C., Ohlin, A. -M., Olofsson, A., Osberg, A., Pedersen, A., Risbecker, K., Rosenberg, K., Samuelsson, J., Shayesteh, M., Skoglund, K., Stjernberg, M., Thorsen, C., Steffel, J., Beer, J. H., Debrunner, J., Amstutz, D., Bruegger, J., Elise, G., Grau, A., Guinand, A., Henriette, I., Saga, E., Winnik, S., Parkhomenko, A., Rudyk, I., Tseluyko, V., Karpenko, O., Zhurba, S., Kraiz, I., Kupnovytska, I., Serediuk, N., Mostovoy, Y., Ushakov, O., Koval, O., Kovalskyi, I., Svyshchenko, Y., Sychov, O., Stanislavchuk, M., Kraydashenko, O., Yagensky, A., Tykhonova, S., Fushtey, I., Belegai, R., Berko, G., Burdeuna, L., Chabanna, O., Daniuk, I., Ivanov, A., Kamenska, E., Kaplan, P., Khyzhnyak, O., Kizim, S., Matova, O., Medentseva, O., Mochonyi, V., Mospan, M., Nemtsova, V., Ovdiienko, T., Palamarchuk, O., Pavelko, M., Petrovskyy, R., Plevak, D., Proshak, O., Pyvovar, S., Rasputina, L., Romanenko, O., Romanova, O., Sapatyi, A., Shumakov, O., Stets, R., Todoriuk, L., Varenov, V., Fitzmaurice, D., Chauhan, N., Goodwin, D., Saunders, P., Evans, R., Leese, J., Jhittay, P. S., Ross, A., Kainth, M. S., Pickavance, G., Mcdonnell, J., Williams, A., Gooding, T., Wagner, H., Suryani, S., Singal, A., Sircar, S., Bilas, R., Hutchinson, P., Wakeman, A., Stokes, M., Paul, N., Aziz, M., Ramesh, C., Wilson, P., Franklin, S., Fairhead, S., Thompson, J., St Joseph, V., Taylor, G., Tragen, D., Seamark, D., Paul, C., Richardson, M., Jefferies, A., Sharp, H., Jones, H., Giles, C., Page, M., Oginni, O., Aldegather, J., Wetherwell, S., Lumb, W., Evans, P., Scouller, F., Macey, N., Stipp, Y., West, R., Thurston, S., Wadeson, P., Matthews, J., Pandya, P., Gallagher, A., Railton, T., Sinha, B., Russell, D., Davies, J. A., Ainsworth, P., Jones, C. P., Weeks, P., Eden, J., Kernick, D., Murdoch, W., Lumley, L., Patel, R. P., Wong, S. W., Saigol, M., Ladha, K., Douglas, K., Cumberlidge, D. F., Bradshaw, C., Van Zon, G., Jones, K. P., Thomas, M. J., Watson, E., Sarai, B., Ahmad, N., Willcock, W., Cairns, J., Sathananthan, S., de Kare-Silver, N., Gilliland, A., Strieder, E., Howitt, A., Vishwanathan, B., Bird, N., Gray, D., Clark, M., Bisatt, J., Litchfield, J., Fisher, E., Fooks, T., Kelsall, A. R., Alborough, E., Wakeling, J., Parfitt, M., Milne, K., Rogers, S., Priyadharshan, R., Oliver, J. L., Davies, E., Abushal, S., Jacobs, M., Hutton, C., Walls, N. I., Thompson, R., Chigbo, C., Zaidi, S. M. A., Howard, M., Butter, K. C., Barrow, S., Little, H., Haq, I. U., Gibbons, L., Glencross, S., Mcleod, A. J., Poland, K., Mulholland, C., Warke, A., Conn, P., Burns, G., Smith, R. N., Lowe, S., Kamath, R., Dau, H. S., Webster, J., Hodgins, I., Vercoe, S., Roome, P. C., Pinnock, H., Patel, J. R. A., Ali, A., Hart, N., Davies, R., Stuart, E., Neden, C. A., Danielsen, M., Heath, R., Sharma, P., Galloway, S., Hawkins, C., Oliver, R., Aylward, M., Mannion, S., Braddick, M., Edwards, D., Rothwell, A. C., Sabir, A., Choudhary, F., Khalaque, S., Wilson, A., Peters, S., Coulson, W., Roberts, N., Heer, A., Coates, S., Ward, B., Jackson, D., Walton, S., Shepherd, D., Sterry, M., Wong, T., Boon, M., Bunney, R., Haria-Shah, R., Baron, R. T., Davies, S., Schatzberger, T., Hargreaves, N., Stephenson, T., Choi, H., Batson, R., Lucraft, L., Myhill, T., Estifano, S., Geatch, D., Wilkinson, J., Veale, R., Forshaw, K., Davies, T., Zaman, K., Vinson, P., Liley, C., Bandrapalli, M., Mcginty, P., Wastling, R., Mceleny, P., Beattie, A., Cooke, P., Wong, M., Gunasegaram, J., Pugsley, M., Ahmad, S., A'Court, C., Ayers, J., Bennett, J., Cartwright, S., Dobson, S., Dooldeniya, C., Flynn, A., Fox, R., Goram, J., Halpin, A., Hay, A., Jacobs, P., Jeffers, L., Lomax, L., Munro, I., Muvva, R., Nadaph, M., Powell, K., Randfield, S., Redpath, D., Reed, R., Rickenbach, M., Rogers, G., Saunders, P. B., Seamark, C., Shewring, J., Simmons, P., Simper, H., Stoddart, H., Sword, A., Thomas, N., Thomson, A., Gibbs, H., Blenkhorn, A., Singh, B., Van Gaal, W., Abhayaratna, W., Lehman, R., Roberts-Thomson, P., Kilian, J., Coulshed, D., Catanchin, A., Colquhoun, D., Kiat, H., Eccleston, D., French, J., Zimmett, L., Ayres, B., Phan, T., Blombery, P., Crimmins, D., O'Donnell, D., Choi, A., Astridge, P., Arstall, M., Jepson, N., Binnekamp, M., Lee, A., Rogers, J., Starmer, G., Carroll, P., Faunt, J., Aggarwala, A., Barry, L., Batta, C., Beveridge, R., Black, A., Bonner, M., Boys, J., Buckley, E., Campo, M., Carlton, L., Connelly, A., Conway, B., Cresp, D., Dimitri, H., Dixon, S., Dolman, M., Duroux, M., Eskandari, M., Eslick, R., Ferreira-Jardim, A., Fetahovic, T., Fitzpatrick, D., Geraghty, R., Gibbs, J., Grabek, T., Modi, M. H., Hayes, K., Hegde, M. P., Hesketh, L., Hoffmann, B., Jacobson, B., Johnson, K., Juergens, C., Kassam, I., Lawlor, V., Lehman, M., Lehman, S., Leung, D., Mackay, S., Mackenzie, M., Mccarthy, C., Mcintosh, C., Mckeon, L., Morrison, H., Mussap, C., Myers, J. -D., Nagalingam, V., Oldfield, G., O'May, V., Palmer, J., Parsons, L., Patching, K., Patching, T., Paul, V., Plotz, M., Preston, S., Rashad, H., Ratcliffe, M., Raynes, S., Rose, J., Sanders, L., Seremetkoska, M., Setio, H., Shone, S., Shrestha, P., Singh, C., Singleton, C., Stoyanov, N., Sutcliffe, S., Swaraj, K., Tarrant, J., Thompson, S., Tsay, I. M., Vorster, M., Waldman, A., Wallis, L., Wilford, E., Wong, K., Connolly, S. J., Spyropoulos, A., Eikelboom, J., Luton, R., Gupta, M., Pandey, A. S., Cheung, S., Leader, R., Beaudry, P., Ayala-Paredes, F., Berlingieri, J., Heath, J., Poirier, G., Du Preez, M., Nadeau, R., Dresser, G., Dhillon, R., Hruczkowski, T., Schweitzer, B., Coutu, B., Angaran, P., Macdonald, P., Vizel, S., Fikry, S., Parkash, R., Lavoie, A., Cha, J., Ramjattan, B., Bonet, J., Ahmad, K., Aro, L., Aves, T., Beaudry, K., Bergeron, C., Bigcanoe, J., Bignell, N., Breakwell, L., Burke, E., Carroll, L., Clarke, B., Cleveland, T., Daheb, S., Dehghani, P., Denis, I., Djaidani, Z., Dorian, P., Douglass, S., Dunnigan, J., Ewert, A., Farquhar, D., Fearon, A., Ferleyko, L., Fournier, D., Fox, B., Grenier, M. -C., Gulliver, W., Haveman, K., Hines, C., Hines, K., Jackson, A. M., Jean, C., Jethoo, G., Kahlon, R., Kelly, S., Kim, R., Korley, V., Kornder, J., Kwan, L., Largy, J., Lewis, C., Lewis, S., Mangat, I., Moor, R., Navratil, J., Neas, I., Otis, J., Otis, R., Pandey, M., Petrie, F., Pinter, A., Raines, M., Roberts, P., Robinson, M., Sas, G., Schulman, S., Snell, L., Spearson, S., Stevenson, J., Trahey, T., Wong, S., Wright, D., Ragy, H., Abd El-Aziz, A., Abou Seif, S. K., El Din, M. G., El Etriby, S., Elbahry, A., El-Etreby, A., Elkhadem, M., Katta, A., Khairy, T., Mowafy, A., Nawar, M., Ohanissian, A., Reda, A., Reda, M., Salem, H., Sami, N., Samir, S., Setiha, M., Sobhy, M., Soliman, A., Taha, N., Tawfik, M., Zaatout, E., Kettles, D., Bayat, J., Siebert, H., Horak, A., Kelfkens, Y., Garda, R., Pillay, T., Guerra, M., van Zyl, L., Theron, H., Murray, A., Louw, R., Greyling, D., Mntla, P., Ueckermann, V., Loghdey, R., Ismail, S., Ahmed, F., Engelbrecht, J., Ramdass, A., Maharajh, S., Oosthuysen, W., Angel, G., Bester, C., Booysen, M., Boshoff, C., Cannon, C., Cassimjee, S., Chami, C., Conway, G., Davids, A., de Meyer, L., Du Plessis, G., Ellis, T., Henley, L., Karsten, M., Loyd, E., Marks, J., Mavhusa, L., Mostert, M., Page, A., Rikhotso, L., Salie, M., Sasto, J., Shaik, F., Skein, A., Smith, L., Tarr, G., Tau, T., van Zyl, F., Al Mahmeed, W., Yousef, G., Agrawal, A., Nathani, M., Ibrahim, M., Esheiba, E. M., Singh, R., Naguib, A., Abu-Mahfouz, M., Al Omairi, M., Al Naeemi, A., Maruthanayagam, R., Bazargani, N., Wassef, A., Gupta, R., Khan, M., Subbaraman, B., Abdul, A., Al Mulla, A., El Bardisy, S., Haridas, P., Jadhav, S., Magdaluyo, K., Makdad, M., Maqsood, I., Mohamed, R., Sharma, N., Sharma, R., Thanzeel, M., Goldhaber, S. Z., Canosa, R., Rama, P., Blumberg, E., Garcia, J., Mullen, P., Wilson, V., Quick, A., Ferrick, K., Kutayli, W. M., Cox, M., Franco, M., Falkowski, S., Mendelson, R., Williams, M., Miller, S., Beach, S., Alfieri, A., Gutowski, T., Haque, I., Reddy, R., Ahmed, W., Delafontaine, P., Diercks, D., Theodoro, D., Remmel, K., Alberts, M., Ison, R., Noveck, H., Duffy, P., Pitta, S., Nishijima, D., Treasure, C., Asafu-Adjaye, N., Ball, K., Bartlett, M., Bentley, M., Bowers, S., Brown, A., Browne, A., Cameron-Watts, J., Canova, M., Cassidy, D., Cervellione, K., Congal, S., Depauw, J., Dickerson, A., Eley, M., Evans, L., Felpel, S., Ferdinand, K., Fielder, D., Gentry, P., Haideri, A., Hakimi, F., Harbour, T., Hartranft, E., Hawkins, B., Headlee, M., Henson, L., Herrick, C., Hicks, T., Jasinski, S., Jones, A., Jones, L., Jones, P., Karl, S., Keeling, M., Kerr, J., Knowles, P., Langdon, J., Lay, M., Lee, J. A., Lincoln, T., Malone, E., Merliss, A., Merritt, D., Minardo, J., Mooso, B., Orosco, C., Palumbo, V., Parker, M., Parrott, T., Paserchia, S., Pearl, G., Peterson, J., Pickelsimer, N., Purcell, T., Raynor, J., Raziano, S., Richard, C., Richardson, T., Robertson, C., Sage, A., Sanghera, T., Shaw, P., Shoemaker, J., Smith, K., Stephanie, B., Thatcher, A., Theobald, H., Thompson, N., Treasure, L., Tripti, T., Verdi, C., and Worthy, V.
Subjects: Registrie, Male, Time Factors, Anticoagulant therapy, Arrhythmia, Atrial fibrillation, GARFIELD-AF, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Electrocardiography, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Anticoagulant therapy, Arrhythmia, Atrial fibrillation, GARFIELD-AF, Aged, Atrial Fibrillation, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Incidence, India, Prevalence, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Survival Rate, Thromboembolism, Registries, Risk Assessment, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, Incidence (epidemiology), cardiovascular system, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Risk assessment, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factor, RD1-811, Prognosi, Follow-Up Studie, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, cardiovascular diseases, Risk factor, Survival rate, Fibrillation, business.industry, Risk Factor, ta3121, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, Prospective Studie, RC666-701, Surgery, Clinical and Preventive Cardiology, business
Abstract: Background: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD–Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. Methods and results: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012–2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P
Published: 2018
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16. A New Family of Small-Molecule CD4-Mimetic Compounds Contacts Highly Conserved Aspartic Acid 368 of HIV-1 gp120 and Mediates Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity

Author: Joseph Sodroski, William D. Tolbert, Andrés Finzi, Jean-Philippe Chapleau, Gabrielle Gendron-Lepage, Melissa C. Grenier, Jonathan Richard, Cameron F. Abrams, Jérémie Prévost, Marzena Pazgier, A.B. Smith rd, Rebekah Sherburn, Halima Medjahed, Dani Vézina, and Shilei Ding
Subjects: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Models, Molecular, Protein Conformation, Immunology, HIV Infections, Biology, HIV Envelope Protein gp120, Microbiology, Epitope, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Epitopes, Viral entry, Virology, Aspartic acid, Humans, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, 0303 health sciences, Aspartic Acid, 030306 microbiology, Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity, Virion, Small molecule, Antibodies, Neutralizing, 3. Good health, Cell biology, HEK293 Cells, chemistry, Insect Science, CD4 Antigens, biology.protein, HIV-1, Pathogenesis and Immunity, Antibody, Glycoprotein, Protein Binding
Abstract: The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer mediates virus entry into cells. The “closed” conformation of Env is resistant to nonneutralizing antibodies (nnAbs). These antibodies mostly recognize occluded epitopes that can be exposed upon binding of CD4 or small-molecule CD4 mimetics (CD4mc). Here, we describe a new family of small molecules that expose Env to nnAbs and sensitize infected cells to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). These compounds have a limited capacity to inhibit virus infection directly but are able to sensitize viral particles to neutralization by otherwise nonneutralizing antibodies. Structural analysis shows that some analogs of this family of CD4mc engage the gp120 Phe43 cavity by contacting the highly conserved D368 residue, making them attractive scaffolds for drug development. IMPORTANCE HIV-1 has evolved multiple strategies to avoid humoral responses. One efficient mechanism is to keep its envelope glycoprotein (Env) in its “closed” conformation. Here, we report on a new family of small molecules that are able to “open up” Env, thus exposing vulnerable epitopes. This new family of molecules binds in the Phe43 cavity and contacts the highly conserved D368 residue. The structural and biological attributes of molecules of this family make them good candidates for drug development.
Published: 2019

17. From antimicrobial activity to mechanism of resistance: the multifaceted role of simple quaternary ammonium compounds in bacterial eradication

Author: Melissa C. Grenier, Kevin L. Caran, Laura E. Ator, Kyle Seifert, Megan C. Jennings, William M. Wuest, Kevin P. C. Minbiole, Jacob W. Black, and Jade E. LaDow
Subjects: biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, biology.organism_classification, Antimicrobial, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Combinatorial chemistry, Ammonium compounds, 0104 chemical sciences, Antibiotic resistance, Staphylococcus aureus, Drug Discovery, medicine, Organic chemistry, Bacteria
Abstract: Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are a prominent class of antibacterial agents. Drawing inspiration from commercial disinfectants and antimicrobial natural products, we have derivatized structurally diverse tertiary amines to generate several different classes of QACs. We have synthesized over 200 QACs, many of which exhibit potent antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. Analysis of the structure–activity relationship of our compounds have led to the facile production of inexpensive QACs that display ∼1 μM MIC against a suite of bacteria, and furthermore do not appear to trigger bacterial resistance systems in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Published: 2016
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18. Identification and modelling of the oxygen gas diffusion impedance in SOFC porous electrodes: application to Pr2NiO4+δ

Author: J-C. Grenier, Sébastien Fourcade, J-M. Bassat, Vaibhav Vibhu, Aline Rougier, Aurélien Flura, Clément Nicollet, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) for Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Technology Initiative under grant agreement n° [256768], European Project: 256768,EC:FP7:SP1-JTI,FCH-JU-2009-1,RAMSES(2011), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université de Bordeaux (UB)
Subjects: Molecular diffusion, Chemistry, General Chemical Engineering, Diffusion, Non-blocking I/O, Analytical chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Capacitance, 0104 chemical sciences, Dielectric spectroscopy, Phase (matter), Electrode, Electrochemistry, Solid oxide fuel cell, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: An in-depth analysis of the very low frequency impedance arcs observed when measuring efficient solid oxide fuel cell electrodes by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is reported in this paper. The study was carried out on Pr 2 NiO 4+ δ //Ce 0.8 Gd 0.2 O 2- δ //3 mol. % Y 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 symmetrical half-cell. In the temperature range 500–900 °C, three impedance arcs related to O 2 molecular diffusion were distinguished from the EIS measurements. Based on theoretical calculations using the Adler-Lane-Steele (ALS) and Dusty gas models, the arc at highest frequencies was ascribed to the diffusion of O 2 in the porous structures of the electrode and collecting gold grid. It obeys the ALS model, i.e. a parallel R//C impedance with a capacitance coming mainly from the solid phase. The second arc at medium frequencies was ascribed to the diffusion of O 2 in the porous structure of the ceramic part used to maintain the gold grid. It follows the Dusty gas model, i.e. a Warburg impedance with relaxation time depending on the gas phase properties. Finally, the third one at lowest frequencies was ascribed to the “gas conversion” phenomenon, coming from a difference in the local p O 2 above the active sites of the working and counter electrodes. This gas conversion impedance largely increases when clogging the channels of the gas distribution system.
Published: 2015
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19. ISQUA18-2617Patients Engagement Strategy: 10 Years, Step by Step at French National Authority for Health

Author: C Grenier, J Andre-Vert, B Lucet, and V Ghadi
Subjects: business.industry, Health Policy, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, National authority, Patient advocacy, Chronic disease, Nursing, Medicine, Patient participation, Quality of care, business, Accreditation, Patient education
Published: 2018
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20. COMPAQH : recherches sur le développement des indicateurs qualité hospitaliers

Author: C. Corriol, V. Daucourt, C. Grenier, Etienne Minvielle, and C. Coudert
Subjects: Balance (accounting), Epidemiology, Political science, Welfare economics, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Quality measurement
Abstract: After three years, the coordination de la mesure de la performance pour l’amelioration de la qualite hospitaliere (COMPAQH) project can deliver its first findings and consider new perspectives of development. Which indicators are diffused? Under which criteria are they assessed? Which interhospital variability is observed? How to consider their application into hospitals? Which balance can we define between internal and external use? And finally, which consideration can we give to this program of quality measurement? This article addresses these different questions, giving a state of the development of this program.
Published: 2008
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21. Urine NGAL Predicts Severity of Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery

Author: Michael J. Bennett, Prasad Devarajan, Ryan F. Workman, Jonathan Barasch, Hina N. Syed, Salman Ali, Sudha Dastrala, Qing Ma, Catherine L. Dent, and Frank C. Grenier
Subjects: Transplantation, medicine.medical_specialty, Creatinine, Epidemiology, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Urology, Area under the curve, Acute kidney injury, Urine, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, medicine.disease, law.invention, Surgery, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Nephrology, law, Predictive value of tests, Cardiopulmonary bypass, medicine, Prospective cohort study, business, Dialysis
Abstract: Background and objectives: The authors have previously shown that urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), measured by a research ELISA, is an early predictive biomarker of acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). In this study, whether an NGAL immunoassay developed for a standardized clinical platform (ARCHITECT analyzer®, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL) can predict AKI after CPB was tested. Design, setting, participants, & measurements: In a pilot study with 136 urine samples (NGAL range, 0.3 to 815 ng/ml) and 6 calibration standards (NGAL range, 0 to 1000 ng/ml), NGAL measurements by research ELISA and by the ARCHITECT® assay were highly correlated (r = 0.99). In a subsequent study, 196 children undergoing CPB were prospectively enrolled and serial urine NGAL measurements obtained by ARCHITECT® assay. The primary outcome was AKI, defined as a ≥50% increase in serum creatinine. Results: AKI developed in 99 patients (51%), but the diagnosis using serum creatinine was delayed by 2 to 3 d after CPB. In contrast, mean urine NGAL levels increased 15-fold within 2 h and by 25-fold at 4 and 6 h after CPB. For the 2-h urine NGAL measurement, the area under the curve was 0.95, sensitivity was 0.82, and the specificity was 0.90 for prediction of AKI using a cutoff value of 100 ng/ml. The 2-h urine NGAL levels correlated with severity and duration of AKI, length of stay, dialysis requirement, and death. Conclusions: Accurate measurements of urine NGAL are obtained using the ARCHITECT® platform. Urine NGAL is an early predictive biomarker of AKI severity after CPB.
Published: 2008
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22. Influence of Temperature on Survival and Conjugative Transfer of Multiple Antibiotic-Resistant Plasmids in Chicken Manure and Compost Microcosms

Author: A. Wasty, M. Chan, Jiewen Guan, and C. Grenier
Subjects: engineering.material, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Soil, Plasmid, Antibiotic resistance, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Escherichia coli, medicine, Animals, Incubation, Compost, Temperature, General Medicine, Manure, Anti-Bacterial Agents, engineering, Thermodynamics, Animal Science and Zoology, Chicken manure, Microcosm, Chickens, Plasmids
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine if mobile plasmids carrying antibiotic-resistant genes could survive and be transferred in chicken manure maintained under conditions similar to those found in commercial cage layer operations and during composting. Escherichia coli J5 harboring a self-transmissible plasmid (RP4) and E. coli C600 harboring a mobile plasmid (pIE723) were used as plasmid donors; E. coli CV601 was used as a plasmid recipient. At 23 degrees C both plasmids were transferred to E. coli CV601 in chicken manure and in compost microcosms that consisted of a mixture of chicken manure and peat. The transfer frequencies ranged from 8.1 x 10(-5) to 2.4 x 10(-3) per donor cell in manure and from 2.4 x 10(-5) to 5.5 x 10(-4) per donor cell in compost microcosms. After 45 d of incubation at 23 degrees C, RP4, but not pIE723, was recovered by an exogenous isolation method although their E. coli hosts were not cultured from the microcosms. However, when the temperatures of the compost microcosms were elevated to 50 degrees C or above, neither the plasmids nor their E. coli hosts could be detected. The results suggested that composting of chicken manure at high temperatures could help prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant genes via plasmids in the environment.
Published: 2007
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23. Développement d’indicateurs de qualité au sein des établissements de santé : le projet COMPAQH

Author: C. Grenier-Sennelier, V. Daucourt, Etienne Minvielle, C. Corriol, and P. Michel
Subjects: Epidemiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Abstract: Position du probleme Le projet COMPAQH, coordonne par l’Institut national de la sante et de recherche medicale, a pour objectif de selectionner une batterie d’indicateurs de la qualite de la prise en charge du patient (IQ) par les Etablissements de Sante (ES) afin de les tester et de les valider en 2004-2005, au sein d’un panel de 36 ES volontaires, de comparer anonymement les ES et d’en etudier les implications manageriales. Methodes En 2003, la selection des indicateurs a ete realisee en quatre etapes : (1) Definition d’objectifs prioritaires (OP) de l’amelioration de la qualite. Elle a ete elaboree par les promoteurs du projet (Direction de l’hospitalisation et de l’organisation des soins, Agence nationale d’accreditation et d’evaluation en sante et Federations hospitalieres) et les ES participants selon cinq criteres : importance du theme (notamment coherence avec les priorites nationales de sante publique), variabilite inter-etablissements, mesures existantes, marge d’amelioration, coherence avec le manuel d’accreditation. (2) Definition de 81 IQ illustrant ces OP a partir d’une analyse de la litterature ; chaque IQ est decrit par un « cahier des charges » (justification de l’interet, modalites de construction, modes de recueil de donnees). (3) Evaluation des 81 IQ selon quatre criteres: importance du phenomene etudie, qualites metrologiques, faisabilite et coherence avec les demarches existantes. (4) Selection definitive des IQ a tester selon une methode Delphi. Resultats (1) Huit OP ont ete definis : lutter contre la douleur, assurer la continuite de la prise en charge, lutter contre les troubles nutritionnels, lutter contre le risque iatrogene (dont les infections nosocomiales), ameliorer la satisfaction du patient, respecter les bonnes pratiques cliniques, accroitre la motivation, la responsabilisation et l’evaluation des competences des professionnels, garantir l’accessibilite. (2) 42 IQ ont ete selectionnes : 6 IQ communs a tous les ES et 7 a 18 IQ specifiques selon les secteurs d’activite des ES participants. Conclusion Les IQ selectionnes associent majoritairement des mesures de processus a des mesures de resultats. Le principal critere de selection retenu par les ES est la faisabilite du recueil des donnees. L’utilisation des IQ se concoit selon trois objectifs : amelioration interne, diffusion publique, regulation des financements hospitaliers.
Published: 2005
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24. Sorghums of the Sudan: analysis of regional diversity and distribution

Author: J. A. Dahlberg, D. T. Rosenow, Gebisa Ejeta, G. C. Peterson, M Mahmoud, A El-Ahmadi, C Grenier, and P. J. Bramel
Subjects: Germplasm, biology, business.industry, Sorghum bicolor, Plant Science, Sorghum, biology.organism_classification, Livelihood, Diversity index, Agronomy, Agriculture, Genetics, Plant breeding, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Panicle
Abstract: Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a very important crop in the Sudan serving as a primary source of food, beverage, and total livelihood for millions of people in the country. The crop originated in the Northeast quadrant of Africa, and the Sudan is widely recognized as a major centre of diversity. Although Sudanese sorghum germplasm has been assembled and stored over the last 50 years, careful analysis of this valuable germplasm has not been made. The objectives of this study were to assess phenotypic diversity and compare pattern of distribution among Sudanese sorghum landraces collected from different geographical regions. Phenotypic diversity among landraces was high, as expressed by the large range of variation for mean quantitative traits and the high (0.81) Shannon-Weaver diversity index. Landraces from Gezira-Gedarif tended to be shorter in stature, earlier in maturity and less sensitive to changes in photoperiod. They also had long, narrow and compact panicles that may result from adaptation to low rainfall and early adoption of mechanized farming practices. In contrast, taller and later maturing plant types characterized sorghums from Equatoria, most of which delayed their flowering in response to increased day-length. These sorghums included many genotypes with small and light kernels. Collections from Kassala showed a higher frequency of landraces with kernels that were more difficult to thresh. Landraces from Blue Nile tended to have greater agronomic eliteness with higher proportion of landraces with white kernels, poorly covered and that were easy to thresh. Sorghums from the Upper Nile tended to have loose panicles with poorly covered kernels that may result from adaptation to high rainfall of the Southern region. Although distinct distributions of types were represented by geographical origin, a high level of within-region diversity was present among all Sudanese sorghums.
Published: 2004
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25. Applications of surface analysis in the environmental sciences: dehalogenation of chlorocarbons with zero-valent iron and iron-containing mineral surfaces

Author: Daniel L. Carlson, Tamar Kohn, A. Lynn Roberts, Laura A. Langley, D. Howard Fairbrother, Peter J. Vikesland, Adam C. Grenier, and Molly M. McGuire
Subjects: Zerovalent iron, Chemistry, Environmental remediation, Inorganic chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Infrared spectroscopy, Biochemistry, Sulfide minerals, Analytical Chemistry, Metal, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Reductive dechlorination, Environmental Chemistry, Spectroscopy, Groundwater
Abstract: Halogenated organic compounds are common pollutants in groundwater. Consequently, there is widespread interest in understanding the reactions of these compounds in the environment and developing remediation strategies. One area of ongoing research involves the reductive dechlorination of organohalides with zero-valent metals or metal sulfide minerals. These processes have been studied almost exclusively from the perspective of the aqueous phase. In this paper we illustrate the utility of surface analysis techniques, including electron spectroscopies, vibrational spectroscopies, and atomic force microscopy in elucidating the roles played by the surface. A dual analysis approach to the study of reductive dechlorination, combining traditional solution phase analysis with surface analytical techniques, also is demonstrated using a liquid cell coupled to an ultrahigh vacuum surface analysis chamber.
Published: 2003
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26. Influence of variable fracture aperture on transport of non-sorbing solutes in a fracture: a numerical investigation

Author: E. Tevissen, E. Mouche, and C. Grenier
Subjects: Molecular diffusion, Materials science, Aperture, Advection, Flow (psychology), Mineralogy, Mechanics, Physics::Geophysics, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Mass transfer, Fracture (geology), Environmental Chemistry, Diffusion (business), Dispersion (water waves), Water Science and Technology
Abstract: The influence of fracture aperture variability on transport of a non-sorbing solute in a single fracture is studied and expressions for the effective specific surface area, or flow wetted surface area, are proposed. All the known transport mechanisms are taken into account: advection and dispersion in a channel, molecular diffusion in the stagnant water zones and matrix diffusion. In a first step, constant fracture aperture, it is shown that matrix diffusion is multidimensional and that stagnant water is a major pathway for the diffusive mass transfer into the rock matrix. In a second step, the impact of aperture variability on transport in the channel and transport in stagnant water is studied by means of Monte-Carlo simulations. The best expression of the effective specific surface area is found to be the inverse of the arithmetic mean aperture for the channel and the inverse of the geometric mean aperture for the stagnant water. These expressions could be used in a site scale performance assessment model.
Published: 1998
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27. Transport and Magnetic Properties of La2NiO4+δ(0 ≤ δ ≤ 0.25)

Author: Antoine Villesuzanne, Alain Demourgues, Alain Wattiaux, J.P. Doumerc, E. Marquestaut, P. Dordor, Michel Pouchard, and J.-C. Grenier
Subjects: Curie–Weiss law, Condensed matter physics, Chemistry, Non-blocking I/O, Mineralogy, Condensed Matter Physics, Magnetic susceptibility, Variable-range hopping, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Inorganic Chemistry, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, Thermoelectric effect, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Antiferromagnetism, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract: Materials with La 2 NiO 4+δ composition, δ ranging between 0 and 0.25, have been prepared either by solid state reaction or electrochemical oxidation; their electrical conductivity, thermoelectric power, and magnetic susceptibility behaviors are reported. The compounds remain semiconducting in the whole range of composition and, at low temperature, the resistivity increases with δ. The sign of the Seebeck coefficient changes for δ ≈ 0.2 and the thermal variation shows complex behavior. La 2 NiO 4.03 exhibits a thermally activated hopping and an antiferromagnetic ordering. When δ increases, variable range hopping or nearest neighbor hopping, involving at least two types of carriers, can account for the transport properties. The magnetic behavior of materials with δ ≤ 0.18 reveals either 3D or 2D magnetic correlations whereas the susceptibility of La 2 NiO 4.25 (La 8 Ni 4 O 17 ) follows a Curie–Weiss law below 170 K; a change in the electronic configuration of the nickel ions arises beyond this temperature.
Published: 1996
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28. Behavior of 1,1-diphenyl-2,5-dihydrophospholium salts toward bases: Ylide formation or ring opening

Author: Patricia Lezouret, Eliane Torreilles, J.-C. Grenier, and Henri-Jean Cristau
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Chemistry, Ylide, Polymer chemistry, Organic chemistry, General Chemistry, Ring (chemistry)
Published: 1996
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29. Elaboration and Characterisation of two new Iron Titanium Phosphates Fe0.5TiO(PO4) and Fe0.5Ti2(PO4)3

Author: Léopold Fournès, Jean-Pierre Chaminade, A. El Jazouli, Pierre Gravereau, Alain Wattiaux, J.-C. Grenier, and Said Benmokhtar
Subjects: Diffraction, Crystallography, Magnetic measurements, Materials science, chemistry, Magnetism, Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, chemistry.chemical_element, Crystal structure, Elaboration, Titanium
Abstract: Two new phosphates Fe0.5TiO(PO4) and Fe0.5Ti2(PO4)3 have been prepared and characterised by X-ray diffraction, Mossbauer spectroscopy and magnetic measurements...
Published: 2004
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30. ISQUA16-1576CARE PATHWAYS’ ASSESSMENT FOR IMPROVEMENT: THE FRENCH EXPERIENCE ON MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITH ST ELEVATION (STEMI): Table

Author: L. Banaei-Bouchareb, J.-F. Thébaut, C. Grenier, and F. Capuano
Subjects: Safety indicators, medicine.medical_specialty, Critical pathways, business.industry, Health Policy, ST elevation, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, medicine.disease, National authority, surgical procedures, operative, Emergency medicine, medicine, cardiovascular diseases, Medical emergency, Myocardial infarction, business
Abstract: Assessing and improving care pathways quality is a challenge today. Since 2013 in-hospital Quality and Safety indicators on myocardial infarction with ST elevation (STEMI) are being implemented by the French national authority for health (HAS). Data collected in 2013 and 2015 on STEMI < 12 hours were used to assess the …
Published: 2016
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31. ISQUA16-2572AN INTEGRATED TOOL FOR EVALUATING THE FRENCH MANDATORY QUALITY INDICATORS USED FOR HOSPITAL IMPROVEMENT, PUBLIC DISCLOSURE AND REGULATION

Author: P. Michel, L. Fraticelli, C. Grenier, and M. Eliaszewicz
Subjects: Task force, business.industry, Health Policy, media_common.quotation_subject, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Hospital quality, General Medicine, National authority, Test (assessment), Medicine, Operations management, Christian ministry, Quality (business), Public disclosure, business, media_common
Abstract: Since ten years, quality indicators (QI) are mandatorily measured in all French hospitals. They are used for hospital quality improvement, public disclosure and regulation goals. After a decade of use, the Ministry of Health and the French National Authority for Health set up a task force to evaluate these QI. The goal was to provide a decision aid to the Ministry and HAS in terms of withdrawing, revising or continuing their use. As there was no available integrated tool, the task force started with the development and test of a tool during the year 2015. This tool aimed at evaluating the …
Published: 2016
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32. ISQUA16-2589FRENCH ON-LINE INITIATIVE TO MEASURE PATIENT'S EXPERIENCE FOR IMPROVEMENT OF THE QUALITY OF CARE

Author: F. Capuano, C. Grenier, B. Le Cossec, and M. Gloanec
Subjects: Measure (data warehouse), medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Health Policy, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Outcome measures, General Medicine, National authority, Nursing, Family medicine, Medicine, Quality of care, Line (text file), business
Abstract: To integrate Patient-Reported outcome measures (PROMs) as a strategy for transforming practices and improving quality of care as well as informing users. In 2015, the French National Authority for Health (HAS) with the collaboration of experts’ committee has developed a system, called e-Satis, with
Published: 2016
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33. Electrochemical Preparation and Structural Characterization of La2NiO4+δ Phases (0 ≤ δ ≤ 0.25)

Author: Alain Wattiaux, Michel Pouchard, Jean-Louis Soubeyroux, J.-C. Grenier, P. Hagenmuller, Alain Demourgues, and J. M. Dance
Subjects: Chemistry, Non-blocking I/O, Inorganic chemistry, Neutron diffraction, chemistry.chemical_element, Disproportionation, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Inorganic Chemistry, Nickel, Crystallography, Octahedron, X-ray crystallography, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Powder diffraction, Stoichiometry
Abstract: Electrochemical oxidation in alkaline solution has been used to control and to extend the oxygen overstoichiometry of La 2 NiO 4+δ phases (0 ≤ δ ≤ 0.25). Chemical analysis has been carried out to determine the nickel (III) content and the related oxygen excess. Structural data (X-ray powder diffraction on La 2 NiO 4+δ and neutron powder diffraction on La 2 NiO 4.25 ) show that the interstitial oxygen atoms are introduced into the La 2 O 2 layers. ESR spectra for the La 2 NiO 4.25 compound recorded at 4.2 and 298 K characterize either low spin Ni 3+ ( t 6 2g d 1 x 2 - y 2 ) in a flattened octahedral site or Ni + ( t 6 2g d 2 τ 2 d 1 x 2 - y 2 ) in an elongated octahedron. The results show that the relaxation of the structure as a function of δ could arise either from a steric effect (i.e., formation of Ni 3+ ) or from a disproportionation of Ni 2+ into Ni + and Ni 3+ .
Published: 1993
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34. Survival of avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses in compost and at ambient temperatures based on virus isolation and real-time reverse transcriptase PCR

Author: D. C. Wilkie, Maria Chan, C. Grenier, J. L. Spencer, Jiewen Guan, and Brian W. Brooks
Subjects: Hot Temperature, Newcastle disease virus, Chick Embryo, engineering.material, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Newcastle disease, Virus, Microbiology, Feces, Soil, Food Animals, medicine, Animals, Soil Microbiology, General Immunology and Microbiology, Compost, Inoculation, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Embryonated, Building and Construction, biology.organism_classification, Animal Feed, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Influenza A virus, engineering, Virus Inactivation, Animal Science and Zoology, Chicken manure
Abstract: In four composting experiments, survival of avian influenza (AI) and Newcastle disease (ND) viruses was assessed by virus isolation in embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) and by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Specimens contained in nylon mesh bags consisted of 20-g samples of chicken manure, used litter, or feed that had been inoculated with allantoic fluid containing an AI virus (H6N2, Expt. 1) or an ND vaccine virus (Expt. 2). Other specimens consisted of 20-g samples of infected ECEs that had been homogenized and mixed with corn silage. As a control, allantoic fluid diluted in phosphate-buffered saline was contained in sealed vials. Except for the feed, in which the AI virus was inactivated soon after the specimen was inoculated, on day 0 the specimens buried in compost or placed outside at ambient temperatures contained at least 5.0 log10 of virus and 7.7 log10 of viral RNA. By day 7, temperatures in compost ranged from 50 C to 65 C, and viruses had been killed in all specimens in bags. In comparison, viruses in sealed vials remained viable to day 10. Viral RNA in mesh-bag specimens had been degraded to nondetectable levels by day 10, but it was still detected in sealed vials on day 21. In specimens that were held at ambient temperatures (13 C-28 C), the viruses in mesh-bag specimens were inactivated by day 21, but their RNA was still detected. In comparison, the viruses in sealed vials survived to day 21. In Expts. 3 and 4, viruses were inactivated in carcass specimens and in whole ECEs during composting. In an in vitro experiment, the time required for a 1-log10 reduction of viruses was significantly shorter (P0.05) in water extracts from compost than in phosphate buffers at temperatures of 25 C to 45 C. This study provided evidence that microbial activity during composting contributed to the rapid killing of AI and ND viruses and to the degradation of their viral RNA.
Published: 2009

35. Structural Properties of Human Urine‐Sourced Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (huNGAL)

Author: Bailin Tu, Frank C. Grenier, Tracey D. Rae, Hina N. Syed, Ryan F. Workman, Salman Ali, Ryan Bonn, Kevin R. Rupprecht, and Jeffrey Fishpaugh
Subjects: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, Chemistry, Genetics, Urine, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Microbiology
Published: 2009
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36. Degradation of foot-and-mouth disease virus during composting of infected pig carcasses

Author: J, Guan, M, Chan, C, Grenier, B W, Brooks, J L, Spencer, C, Kranendonk, J, Copps, and A, Clavijo
Subjects: Time Factors, Swine, Temperature, complex mixtures, Wood, Article, Manure, Tissue Culture Techniques, Soil, Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus, Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Animals, RNA, Viral, Virus Inactivation, Medical Waste Disposal, Chickens, Skin
Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the inactivation and degradation of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus during composting of infected pig carcasses as measured by virus isolation in tissue culture and by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR). Three FMD-infected pig carcasses were composted in a mixture of chicken manure and wood shavings in a biocontainment level 3 facility. Compost temperatures had reached 50 degrees C and 70 degrees C by days 10 and 19, respectively. Under these conditions, FMD virus was inactivated in specimens in compost by day 10 and the viral RNA was degraded in skin and internal organ tissues by day 21. In comparison, at ambient temperatures close to 20 degrees C, FMD virus survived to day 10 in the skin tissue specimen from the pig that had the highest initial level of viral RNA in its tissues and the viral RNA persisted to day 21. Similarly, beta-actin mRNA, tested as a PCR control, persisted to day 21 in specimens held at ambient temperatures, but it was degraded in the remnants of tissues recovered from compost on day 21. Results from this study provide evidence that composting could be used for safe disposal of pig carcasses infected with FMD virus.
Published: 2008

37. [The COMPAQH project: researches on quality indicators in hospitals]

Author: C, Corriol, C, Grenier, C, Coudert, V, Daucourt, and E, Minvielle
Subjects: Government Agencies, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Hospital Administration, Humans, France, Quality Indicators, Health Care
Abstract: After three years, the coordination de la mesure de la performance pour l'amélioration de la qualité hospitalière (COMPAQH) project can deliver its first findings and consider new perspectives of development. Which indicators are diffused? Under which criteria are they assessed? Which interhospital variability is observed? How to consider their application into hospitals? Which balance can we define between internal and external use? And finally, which consideration can we give to this program of quality measurement? This article addresses these different questions, giving a state of the development of this program.
Published: 2008

38. Development of methods for detection and quantification of avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses in compost by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and virus isolation

Author: Brian W. Brooks, J. Pasick, J. L. Spencer, B. Ma, C. Grenier, D. C. Wilkie, Maria Chan, and Jiewen Guan
Subjects: animal structures, animal diseases, viruses, Newcastle disease virus, engineering.material, medicine.disease_cause, complex mixtures, Newcastle disease, Virus, Microbiology, Feces, Soil, medicine, Animals, Soil Microbiology, biology, Compost, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, fungi, Embryonated, RNA, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Manure, Influenza A virus, engineering, RNA, Viral, Animal Science and Zoology, Chicken manure, Chickens
Abstract: Composting has been used for disposal of poultry carcasses and manure following outbreaks caused by avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), but methods are needed to test for survival of the viruses in compost to ensure biosecurity. Methods developed in the present study include extracting viruses from compost and purifying viral RNA. The extracted viruses were detected by virus isolation using embryonated chicken eggs, and the purified RNA was detected by real-time reverse transcription PCR (RRT-PCR). The virus isolation and the RRT-PCR methods were evaluated with 3 compost preparations that were produced from chicken manure mixed with corn silage, wood shavings, or wheat straw. The detection limits of both methods were 1,700 and 1,000 embryo lethal doses of AIV and NDV per gram of compost, respectively. The copy number of viral RNA quantified by RRT-PCR was highly correlated with the amount of virus in compost. The results suggested that the RRT-PCR method may be used as an alternative to the virus isolation method for rapid detection and accurate quantification of AIV and NDV in compost.
Published: 2008

39. In vitro study of Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium definitive type 104: survival in egg albumen and penetration through the vitelline membrane

Author: Brian W. Brooks, Jiewen Guan, and C. Grenier
Subjects: Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella, Time Factors, Inoculation, Salmonella enteritidis, Oviposition, Temperature, Vitelline membrane, General Medicine, Penetration (firestop), Biology, Egg albumen, medicine.disease_cause, In vitro, Microbiology, Albumins, embryonic structures, medicine, Oviduct, Animals, Animal Science and Zoology, Female, Chickens, Vitelline Membrane
Abstract: Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium definitive type 104 (DT104) have been detected in the chicken oviduct, and their survival in egg albumen at the chicken body temperature of 42 degrees C may be important in oviductal and transovarian contamination of intact shell eggs. Eight S. enteritidis and 24 S. typhimurium DT104 strains were tested for their in vitro survival in egg albumen. The concentration of the organisms declined more rapidly when incubated at 42 degrees C than at 37 degrees C and dropped to nondetectable levels within 96 h at the higher, but not at the lower, temperature. In another experiment, 3 S. enteritidis and 3 S. typhimurium DT104 strains were randomly selected, and dosages of 20 and 200 cells of each strain were inoculated onto the vitelline membranes of egg yolks, which were then submerged in the original albumen and incubated for 24 h at 42 degrees C. Under these conditions, the organisms survived in albumen but did not penetrate the vitelline membrane. However, in a similar experiment, penetration did occur when the specimens were incubated at 30 degrees C for 72 h. The results suggest that low numbers of S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium DT104 can be expected to survive in egg albumen during the 24-h period of egg formation in the oviduct but would be unlikely to invade the yolk.before oviposition. However, depending on storage conditions following oviposition, S. enteritidis, as well as S. typhimurium DT104, could survive longer and may eventually invade the egg yolks.
Published: 2006

40. Synthesis, structure, magnetic susceptibility and Mössbauer and Raman spectroscopies of the new oxyphosphate Fe0.50TiO(PO4)

Author: Alain Wattiaux, Said Benmokhtar, Léopold Fournès, Waal. D. Waal. D., Pierre Gravereau, Jean-Pierre Chaminade, J.-C. Grenier, A. El Jazouli, Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Solides, Faculté des Sciences Ben M'sik [Casablanca], Université Hassan II [Casablanca] (UH2MC)-Université Hassan II [Casablanca] (UH2MC), Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria [South Africa], and Toulin, Stéphane
Subjects: Inorganic compounds, 02 engineering and technology, Crystal structure, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Phosphates, Inorganic Chemistry, symbols.namesake, Chemical structure, Materials Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Chemistry, Mössbauer spectroscopy, Space group, Oxides, General Medicine, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Magnetic susceptibility, 0104 chemical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, X-ray diffraction, Crystallography, Octahedron, X-ray crystallography, Raman spectroscopy, Ceramics and Composites, symbols, 0210 nano-technology, Powder diffraction, Monoclinic crystal system
Abstract: A new iron titanyl oxyphosphate Fe0.50TiO(PO4) was synthesized by both solid-state reaction and Cu2+–Fe2+ ion exchange method. The material was then characterized by X-ray diffraction, Mossbauer spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility measurements and Raman spectroscopy. The crystal structure of the compound was refined, using X-ray powder diffraction data, by Rietveld profile method; it crytallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c (No.14), with a = 7.4039 ( 3 ) A , b = 7.3838 ( 3 ) A , c = 7.4083 ( 3 ) A , β = 120.36 ° ( 1 ) , V = 349.44 ( 2 ) A 3 and Z = 4 . The volume of the title compound is comparable to those of the M0.50IITiO(PO4) series, where MII=Mg, Co, Ni and Zn. The framework is built up from [TiO6] octahedra and [PO4] tetrahedra. [TiO6] octahedra are linked together by corners and form infinite chains along the c-axis. Ti atoms are displaced from the center of octahedral units showing an alternating short distance (1.73 A) and a long one (2.22 A). These chains are linked together by [PO4] tetrahedra. Fe2+ cations occupy a triangle-based antiprism sharing two faces with two [TiO6] octahedra. Mossbauer and magnetic measurements show the existence of iron only in divalent state, located exclusively in octahedral sites with high spin configuration (t2g4eg2). Raman study confirms the existence of Ti–O–Ti chains.
Published: 2006

41. [Developing quality indicators in hospitals: the COMPAQH project]

Author: C, Grenier-Sennelier, C, Corriol, V, Daucourt, P, Michel, and E, Minvielle
Subjects: Government Agencies, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Hospital Administration, Health Priorities, Humans, France, Public Health Administration, Societies, Medical, Accreditation, Quality Indicators, Health Care, Total Quality Management
Abstract: To select a set of quality indicators (QI) in order to test them in a panel of 36 French hospitalsThe COMPAQH (COordination for Measuring Performance and Assuring Quality in Hospitals) project is coordinated by the French National Institute for Medical Research and supported by the French Ministry of Health and the French National Evaluation and Accreditation Agency. This project has four objectives: (1) to select a set of QI -2003- (2) to implement them in 2004-2005 in a volunteer panel of hospitals (3) to compare the hospitals anonymously (4) to explore quality management implications. QI were selected with a four-step process: (1) Establishment of a list of national priorities for Quality Improvement in relation with the Ministry of Health. (2) setting up a potential list of QI regarding these priorities. The COMPAQH staff determined a preliminary set of 81 QI, based on data in the literature and evidence about the scientific soundness of quality measures and the effectiveness of methods for improving quality. (3) Evaluation of the preliminary list. Each QI was presented in a pamphlet describing its operational definition, rationale, methodology, workload and responsibility of data collection The hospital panel (representatives) ranked the 81 QI with a validated evaluation tool which contained four dimensions: Importance, Scientific acceptability, Feasibility, and Usability. (4) Development of a consensus on a final selection. Based on a structured voting process (Delphi method, two rounds), the hospital panel selected a comprehensive set of 42 QI among the 81.(1) Eight national priorities were defined: pain management, continuity of care, management of nutritional disorders, Iatrogenic risks (including nosocomial infections), patient satisfaction, follow-up of practice guidelines, management of human resources, accessibility. (2) A set of 42 QI were selected: a set of 6 core QI and 7 to 18 specific QI according to the hospital type.Such a set of QI provides a foundation for developing a quality measurement system in French hospitals. It requires a pragmatic view for implementing them and a coherence between the different objectives of use (internal and external use).
Published: 2005

42. Oxygen isotopic exchange: A useful tool for characterizing oxygen conducting oxides

Author: Marie Petitjean, Cécile Lalanne, Jacques Fouletier, Fabrice Mauvy, Jean-Marc Bassat, J.-C. Grenier, Gilles Caboche, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux ( ICMCB ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Réactivité des Solides ( LRRS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces ( LEPMI ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Réactivité des Solides (LRRS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces (LEPMI ), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Oxygen transport properties, Oxygen reduction, Diffusion, Inorganic chemistry, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Ionic bonding, 02 engineering and technology, Conductivity, 010402 general chemistry, Heterogeneous catalysis, 01 natural sciences, Oxygen, Catalysis, Isotope exchange, SOFC, Process Chemistry and Technology, Mixed conducting oxides, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Membrane, chemistry, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, PACS: 66.30−h (diffusion in solids), 72.60+g (mixed conductivity and conductivity transitions)
Abstract: International audience; The 18O/16O isotope exchange depth profile technique (IEDP) followed by SIMS characterizations was applied to dense membranes of pure ionic conductors and mixed ionic/electronic conducting materials. It is a very useful tool since we obtain in both cases data concerning the oxygen diffusion in the bulk and the oxygen exchange at the surface of the materials. Comparisons were done, including results concerning the role of the surface with regards to the oxygen reduction reaction. Detailed experimental and analytical processes are given.
Published: 2005
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43. 90Sr migration to the geo-sphere from a waste burial in the Chernobyl exclusion zone

Author: C Grenier, L. Dewiere, Noureddine Ahamdach, Dmitri Bugai, and Valery Kashparov
Subjects: Radioactive Fallout, Water Pollutants, Radioactive, Groundwater flow, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Aquifer, Soil science, Hydraulic conductivity, Water Movements, Environmental Chemistry, Soil Pollutants, Radioactive, Waste Management and Disposal, Hydrology, geography, Radionuclide, geography.geographical_feature_category, Radioactive waste, Lessivage, General Medicine, Pollution, Refuse Disposal, Solubility, Strontium, Radioactive Waste, Radioactive Hazard Release, Ukraine, Geology, Groundwater, Strontium-90, Environmental Monitoring, Power Plants
Abstract: Results are presented from an ongoing field-scale experimental study (namely the Chernobyl Pilot Site project) aimed at characterization of processes controlling (90)Sr releases from a shallow trench containing nuclear fuel particles, and subsequent radionuclide transport in the underlying sandy aquifer at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant site. Microscopic analyses of waste material and leaching experiments have shown that 10-30% of the radioactive inventory is associated with chemically extra-stable Zr-U-O particles. The largest fraction of (90)Sr activity in the trench ( approximately 30-60%) is currently associated with relatively slowly dissolving non-oxidized UO(2) matrix fuel particles. The (90)Sr migration velocity in the eolian sand aquifer is retarded by sorption to approximately 9% of groundwater flow velocity (K(d) approximately 2 ml/g). The dispersivity values for non-reactive solute transport in the aquifer predicted by geostatistics (i.e. 0.8 6 cm) were confirmed by a natural gradient tracer test using (36)Cl. The observed negative correlation between hydraulic conductivity and K(d) of aquifer sediments suggests that (90)Sr could be subjected to larger dispersion in the subsurface compared with (36)Cl.
Published: 2004

44. Smeared Fractures: a promising approach to model transfers in fractured media

Author: E. Mouche, C. Grenier, Frederick Delay, Hakim Benabderrahmane, A. Fourno, Direction Ingénierie de réservoir, IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN)-IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), HydrASA (Hydrogéologie, argiles, sols et altérations), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (ANDRA), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Discretization, business.industry, 0207 environmental engineering, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, 01 natural sciences, Finite element method, Flow conditions, Flow (mathematics), Closure (computer programming), Fracture (geology), Diffusion (business), [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, 020701 environmental engineering, Representation (mathematics), business, Simulation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Publisher Summary In the field of nuclear waste storage, special interest is put on modeling transfer processes in fractured media. It remains a challenging task due to the large contrasts in the properties of different units of the medium, the geometrical complexity of the system, and the high level of uncertainties for flow and transport parameters. In addition, modeling approaches should address different times scales: experimental forced flow conditions (several months) and post closure natural flow conditions (thousand of years at least) for which diffusion processes play a major role. To model transfers in fractured media, the chapter develops a smeared fractures approach for a Mixed and Hybrid Finite Element scheme including estimation of associated flow and transport parameters and implemented in the code (CAST3M). This approach is a continuous representation of the fracture block for a regular discretization mesh, the presence of the fracture being taken into account by a heterogeneous field of parameters.
Published: 2004

45. Qualification and validity of a smeared fractures modeling approach for flow and transport in fractured media

Author: C. Grenier, Hakim Benabderrahmane, A. Fourno, G. Thouvenin, E. Mouche, IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (ANDRA), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Discretization, business.industry, Monte Carlo method, 0207 environmental engineering, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Finite element method, Test case, Flow (mathematics), Fracture (geology), Statistical physics, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, 020701 environmental engineering, Representation (mathematics), Reduction (mathematics), business, Simulation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Modeling flow and transport in a natural fractured medium is a difficult issue due among others to the large contrasts in the medium, its geometrical complexity as well as the strong level of uncertainties for all parameters leading to stochastic modeling. We present here a contribution to the smeared fracture approach answering the above requisites. It is a continuous representation of the fractured block for a regular discretiza-tion mesh, the presence of the fracture network being accounted for by a heterogeneous field of the parameters. Different realization can be easily considered within a Monte Carlo framework addressing geometrical uncertainties while working on coarse mesh allows for reduction of the computer costs. A smeared fracture method is developed, adapted to flow and transport for a Mixed and Hybrid Finite Element numerical scheme. This approach, developed so far for 2D problems, is evaluated on test cases involving comparisons with simulation performed on the same geometry, but modeled explicitly. Results show that major transport features are captured by smeared fracture model and allow for a good quantitative restitution of the transfers. This makes this approach an interesting compromise between precision and versality associated to low computer costs in the perspective of Monte Carlo simulations. The limits of the approach for large cinetical contrasts throughout the domain will be further studied in the future.
Published: 2002

46. Magnetic and thermodynamic properties of Sr_{2}LaFe_{3}O_{9}

Author: Y. Meurdesoif, P. Kornilovitch, F. Zhou, H. Kachkachi, and J. C. Grenier
Subjects: Materials science, Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el), Condensed matter physics, Magnon, FOS: Physical sciences, Disproportionation, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, symbols.namesake, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Gapless playback, Ferromagnetism, symbols, Antiferromagnetism, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics), Perovskite (structure)
Abstract: Using a Dirac-Heisenberg Hamiltonian with biquadratic exchange interactions, we study the effect of iron disproportionation on the magnetic ordering, and describe the first-order magnetic transition occurring in the perovskite Sr_{2}LaFe_{3}O_{9}. Upon fitting the experimental data, we give an estimate of the exchange integrals for the antiferromagntic and ferromagnetic interactions, in agreement with previous works on kindered compounds. Spin-wave theory yields a magnon spectrum with a gapless antiferromagnetic mode together with two gapped ferromagnetic ones., 8 pages of RevTex, 5 figures (available upon request), submitted to J. Mag. Mag. Mat
Published: 1997

47. Modélisation de la certification des établissements de santé à partir d’un nombre réduit de standards obligatoires et d’indicateurs de qualité

Author: Philippe Loirat, C. Grenier, B. Lucet, B. Robillard, and S. Guérin
Subjects: Epidemiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Published: 2013
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48. Prévention et prise en charge initiale des hémorragies du post-partum immédiat – Indicateurs de qualité, état des lieux en France en 2011

Author: F. Puech, S. Guérin, C. Grenier, S. Guillaume, S. Morin, and Mélanie Couralet
Subjects: Epidemiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Published: 2013
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49. Choix de quelques matériaux étalons pour la détermination des susceptibilités magnétiques

Author: J.-C. Grenier, M. Pouchard, M. Dupeyron, Laboratoire de Chimie du Solide, and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Magnetism, Gadolinium, General Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, Mineralogy, chemistry.chemical_element, Salt (chemistry), Inorganic compounds, Crystal structure, Manganese, equipment and supplies, 01 natural sciences, Magnetic susceptibility, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Characterization (materials science), chemistry, [PHYS.HIST]Physics [physics]/Physics archives, 0103 physical sciences, Magnetisms, Physical chemistry, Curie constant, human activities, Materials, Curie-Weiss law
Abstract: International audience; En considérant les lois générales du magnétisme et les propriétés physico-chimiques et structurales des matériaux inorganiques, des composés contenant soit du manganèse divalent, soit du gadolinium trivalent, ont été proposés comme produits étalons pour les mesures magnétiques. Leur préparation à l'état très pur et leur caractérisation sont décrites. En supposant uniquement qu'ils suivaient rigoureusement la loi de Curie-Weiss avec une valeur de la constante de Curie conforme à la théorie et sur la base de couples expérimentaux (force mesurée, température), une méthode d'affinement a été proposée et a permis de déterminer les lois de variation thermique des susceptibilités magnétiques des produits retenus, le sulfate de gadolinium octahydraté, le sel de Tutton du manganèse et l'oxyde de gadolinium.
Published: 1993
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50. 512 Measuring quality of the process of care in breast-cancer patients: a French perspective

Author: S. Morin, M. Ferrua, C. Grenier, E. Minvielle, M.H. Rodde-Dunet, M. Couralet, and C. Gardel
Subjects: Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Perspective (graphical), Process of care, medicine.disease, Breast cancer, Oncology, Family medicine, medicine, Quality (business), business, media_common
Published: 2010
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