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1. Simulation des \'ecoulements gravitaires avec les mod\`eles d'\'ecoulement en couche mince: \'etat de l'art et exemple d'application aux coul\'ees de d\'ebris de la Rivi\`ere du Pr\^echeur (Martinique, Petites Antilles)

Author: Peruzzetto, Marc, BRGM), (BRGM), Gilles Grandjean, Paris, Anne Mangeney (IPG, UPCité), (BRGM), Clara Levy, (BRGM), Yannick Thiery, (BRGM, Benoit Vittecoq, LGENS), (LAMA), François Bouchut, (UR, Fabrice Fontaine, IPGP), and (IPGP, Jean-Christophe Komorowski
Subjects: Physics - Geophysics, Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract: Quantifying the propagation of landslides is a key step for analyzing gravitational risks. In this context, thin-layer models have met a growing success over the past years to simulate the dynamics of gravitational flows, such as debris flows. They are easier to use and require less computing ressources than 3D models, and provide more detailed estimations of flow thicknesses and velocities than purely empirical methods. In this literature review, we present the main rheologies used to model homogeneous gravitational flows, and describe a practical case study with debris flow modeling in the Pr{\^e}cheur River (Martinique, Lesser Antilles). Then, we discuss possible developments for operational hazard and risk assessment with thin-layer models., Comment: in French language
Published: 2023
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2. Vertical Transmission of Human T-Cell Lymphothropic Virus Type 1: Impact of Counseling Seropositive Women

Author: Dias As, Bastos Rhc, Starling Alb, M. L. Martins, Namen-Lopes Mss, Reiss Db, Carneiro-Proietti Abf, G. Seabra-Freitas, Couto Brgm, M. S. Amaranto-Damasio, and C. F. Leal-Horiguchi
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Transmission (medicine), business.industry, viruses, Breastfeeding, Omics, Prenatal screening, Virus type, Cohort, medicine, business, Breast feeding, Cohort study
Abstract: Objective: Although HTLV-1 is associated with severe diseases, there is ongoing vertical transmission since prenatal HTLV screening is not implemented in countries where the virus is present. We performed a cross-sectional analysis to verify the impact of counseling pregnant HTLV-1 seropositive women, who participate in the GIPH cohort study in Brazil, on this vertical transmission. Methods: GIPH study started in 1997 as an open prevalent cohort of HTLV-positive individuals. Children born from HTLV-1 seropositive women were divided into: (1) born before and (2) after the participation of mothers in the GIPH cohort (“GIPH babies”). The pregnant women participating in the study were counseled in order to prevent viral transmission, with recommendations of avoiding breastfeeding, giving infant formula, and preferably having the delivery by cesarean section. Results: We identified 54 children born of HTLV seropositive mothers. 3/21 (14.3%) of the children born from mothers who received no counseling were found positive for HTLV-1, in contrast to 1/18 (5.6%) of the “GIPH babies”, whose mothers received counseling. 15 children were not tested, either due to the family’s refusal or impossibility to locate them. Discussion: We found that it was worthwhile to counsel the mothers, since, as previously reported in the literature, we could observe a decline in the vertical transmission, which demonstrates the importance of prenatal screening of the virus. These actions should be widespread in countries where HTLV is present, in order to avoid the silent transmission of HTLV and future diseases in children born from positive mothers.
Published: 2014
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3. DIGISOIL: An Integrated System of Data Collection Technologies for Mapping Soil Properties

Author: BRGM - Orléans, France, INRA - Orléans, France, IRD-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro - Montpellier, France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie & CNRS (UMR7619) - Paris 6, France, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Land Management and Natural Hazards Unit - Join Research Center, Natural Hazard Depart. - Geological Institute of Romania, Soil Science Depart. - University of Panonia, ABEM - ABEM, Optic Depart. - Selex Galileo, Natural Hazard Depart. - University of Firenze, Soil Science Depart. - University of Sydney, Soil Science Depart. - University of Tel Aviv, Grandjean, Gilles, Cerdan, Olivier, Richard, Guy, Cousin, Isabelle, Lagacherie, Philippe, Tabbagh, Alain, van Wesemael, Bas, Stevens, Antoine, Lambot, Sébastien, Carré, Florence, Maftei, Raluca, Hermann, Tamas, Thömelöf, Mats, Chiarantini, Leandro, Moretti, Sandro, Mc, Brathney, Ben Dor, Eyal, BRGM - Orléans, France, INRA - Orléans, France, IRD-INRA-Montpellier SupAgro - Montpellier, France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie & CNRS (UMR7619) - Paris 6, France, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Land Management and Natural Hazards Unit - Join Research Center, Natural Hazard Depart. - Geological Institute of Romania, Soil Science Depart. - University of Panonia, ABEM - ABEM, Optic Depart. - Selex Galileo, Natural Hazard Depart. - University of Firenze, Soil Science Depart. - University of Sydney, Soil Science Depart. - University of Tel Aviv, Grandjean, Gilles, Cerdan, Olivier, Richard, Guy, Cousin, Isabelle, Lagacherie, Philippe, Tabbagh, Alain, van Wesemael, Bas, Stevens, Antoine, Lambot, Sébastien, Carré, Florence, Maftei, Raluca, Hermann, Tamas, Thömelöf, Mats, Chiarantini, Leandro, Moretti, Sandro, Mc, Brathney, and Ben Dor, Eyal
Abstract: The multidisciplinary DIGISOIL consortium intends to integrate and improve in situ proximal measurement technologies for assessing soil properties and soil degradation indicators, moving from the sensing technologies themselves to their integration and application in (digital) soil mapping (DSM). The core objective of the project is to explore and exploit new capabilities of advanced geophysical technologies for answering this societal demand. To this aim, DIGISOIL addresses four issues covering technological, soil science, and economic aspects: (i) development and validation of hydrogeophysical technologies and integrated pedo-geophysical inversion techniques; (ii) the relation between geophysical parameters and soil properties; (iii) the integration of derived soil properties for mapping soil functions and soil threats; and (iv) the evaluation, standardisation, and industrialisation of the proposed methodologies, including technical and economic studies.
Published: 2010

4. Le Néoprotérozoïque du Synclinal de la Nyanga (Gabon): analyse isotopique des carbonates, pétrographie de la diamictite supérieure et comparaison avec les séries équivalentes du Bas Congo

Author: Réunion projet Sysmin (8è FED au groupement BRGM-CGS-SANDER-MRAC) (14 Septembre 2007), Préat, Alain, Réunion projet Sysmin (8è FED au groupement BRGM-CGS-SANDER-MRAC) (14 Septembre 2007), and Préat, Alain
Abstract: info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Published: 2007

5. Hydroacoustic monitoring of a salt cavity: an analysis of precursory events of the collapse

Author: Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM) ; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), Risques ; Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM) ; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - Institut des sciences de la Terre (ISTerre) ; INSU - OSUG - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - IFSTTAR - Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219 - CNRS - INSU - OSUG - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - IFSTTAR - Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219 - CNRS, GISOS, Lebert, François, Bernardie, Séverine, Mainsant, Guénolé, Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM) ; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), Risques ; Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM) ; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - Institut des sciences de la Terre (ISTerre) ; INSU - OSUG - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - IFSTTAR - Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219 - CNRS - INSU - OSUG - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - IFSTTAR - Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219 - CNRS, GISOS, Lebert, François, Bernardie, Séverine, and Mainsant, Guénolé
Abstract: International audience, One of the main features of 'post mining' research relates to available methods for monitoring mine-degradation processes that could directly threaten surface infrastructures. In this respect GISOS, a French scientific interest group is investigating techniques for monitoring the eventual collapse of underground cavities. One of methods under investigation was monitoring the stability of a salt cavity through recording microseismic-precursor signals that may indicate the onset of rock failure. The data were recorded in a salt mine in Lorraine (France) when monitoring the controlled collapse of 2,000,000 m3 of rocks surrounding a cavity at 130 m depth. The monitoring in the 30 Hz to 3 kHz frequency range highlights the occurrence of events with high energy during periods of macroscopic movement, once the layers had ruptured; they appear to be the consequence of the post-rupture rock movements related to the intense deformation of the cavity roof. Moreover the analysis shows the presence of some interesting precursory signals before the cavity collapsed. They occur a few hours before the failure phases, when the rocks were being weakened and damaged. They come from the damaging and breaking process, when micro-cracks appear and then coalesce. From these results we expect that deeper signal analysis and statistical analysis on the complete event time distribution (several millions of files) will allow us to finalize a complete typology of each signal families and their relations with the evolution steps of the cavity over the five years monitoring.

6. Investigations on structural iron electrochemical properties in layered silicates using massive mica electrodes

Author: Unité Modélisation Imapcts Stockages Profonds ; Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM) ; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), Unité Modélisation Impacts Stockages Profonds ; Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM) ; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM) ; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), Institut des sciences de la Terre (ISTerre) ; INSU - OSUG - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - IFSTTAR - Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219 - CNRS, Latrobe University ; LATROBE UNIVERSITY, PARTENARIAT ANDRA / BRGM, Hadi, Jebril, Ignatiadis, Ioannis, Tournassat, Christophe, Charlet, Laurent, Silvester, E., Unité Modélisation Imapcts Stockages Profonds ; Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM) ; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), Unité Modélisation Impacts Stockages Profonds ; Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM) ; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM) ; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), Institut des sciences de la Terre (ISTerre) ; INSU - OSUG - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - IFSTTAR - Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219 - CNRS, Latrobe University ; LATROBE UNIVERSITY, PARTENARIAT ANDRA / BRGM, Hadi, Jebril, Ignatiadis, Ioannis, Tournassat, Christophe, Charlet, Laurent, and Silvester, E.
Abstract: Nuclear waste repositories are being installed in deep excavated rock formations in some places in Europe to isolate and store radioactive waste. In France, the Callovo-Oxfordian formation (COx) is a potential candidate for a nuclear waste repository. The redox reactivity (kinetics and thermodynamic redox potential) of COx clay rock samples are already under study using microscopic, spectrometric and wet analysis techniques. In order to cross and overcome certain limits by improvement in the knowledge, specific electrodes should be constructed and devoted to the deepening of the electrochemical behaviour of the COx system in different situations. Iron is one of the most common redox species in soils and sedimentary rocks. Iron-bearing phyllosilicates play key roles in various biogeochemical processes. The complexity of the physical and chemical (along with structural) changes involving their structural iron makes the studies of its redox properties challenging. Most of the recent reported efforts were focused on probing Fe redox on finely powdered clay (and often micas) particles, and have been hampered by inadequate interactions between particles and electrodes. Moreover, such experiments usually involve redox probe ions, thus adding supplementary difficulties in the determination of structural iron redox parameters such as redox potential (Eh) and kinetics. The present study aims at qualitatively investigating the above mentioned phenomena on minerals like iron-bearing micas. In the current work, we present initial insights regarding efforts to build a direct electrical interface between solid electrodes and conveniently shaped macroscopic mica crystals in order to investigate the redox properties of structural iron in dry and aqueous environments, in the presence of representative perturbations. A classical three electrode system has been used for voltammetric measurements. Platinum plate (1cm²) was the counter electrode. Potentials have been measured against eit

7. Modeling the dioctahedral smectites layer charge variation versus structural Iron reduction level

Author: Unité Modélisation Imapcts Stockages Profonds ; Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM) ; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM) ; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), Unité Modélisation Impacts Stockages Profonds ; Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM) ; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), Unités Modélisation Impacts Stockages Profonds ; Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM) ; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), Institut des sciences de la Terre (ISTerre) ; INSU - OSUG - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - IFSTTAR - Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219 - CNRS, PARTENARIAT ANDRA / BRGM, Hadi, Jebril, Tournassat, Christophe, Betelu, Stéphanie, Ignatiadis, Ioannis, Charlet, Laurent, Unité Modélisation Imapcts Stockages Profonds ; Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM) ; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM) ; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), Unité Modélisation Impacts Stockages Profonds ; Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM) ; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), Unités Modélisation Impacts Stockages Profonds ; Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM) ; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), Institut des sciences de la Terre (ISTerre) ; INSU - OSUG - Université de Savoie - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - IFSTTAR - Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219 - CNRS, PARTENARIAT ANDRA / BRGM, Hadi, Jebril, Tournassat, Christophe, Betelu, Stéphanie, Ignatiadis, Ioannis, and Charlet, Laurent
Abstract: Iron is one of the most common redox species in soils and sedimentary rocks. Amongst iron-bearing phases, phyllosilicates might play key roles in various bio-geochemical processes involving redox reactions, where structural Fe (Festr) can act as a renewable source/trap of electron. A large set of data from kinetics, spectroscopic or electrochemical studies on dioctahedral smectites demonstrates that reduction of Festr impacts many clay properties such as colour, layer charge, swelling pressure, colloidal properties that are linked to layer structural changes. Experiments also suggest that this mechanism is partly reversible, depending on type and properties of the primary oxidized clay, on how the reduction is induced (chemically and/or biologically) and on extent of iron reduction level. The complexity of the involved mechanisms makes the prediction of Festr redox properties challenging. For instance, only empirical models are currently available to quantify structural changes as a function of reduction level. However, a predictive and mechanistic model of these changes is a prerequisite to develop a thermodynamic model for Festr redox properties. In this contribution, we propose a mechanistic statistical model to explain 2:1 layer excess negative charge changes induced by structural Fe(III) to Fe(II) chemical reduction (by dithionite). This model completes this published by Drits and Manceau (2000) and was calibrated on data from our own and from the literature. Actually, a large number of studies on Festr redox properties (Eh and kinetics) neglects the major structural changes that occur during redox reactions of this material and that are partially reversible, and are focused in measuring a single Eh value. Actually, the complex relationship that exist between the different structural iron sites should lead to consider that not only one but several Fe(II)/Fe(III) poles (classes) must exist in the structure, thus exhibiting gradually decreasing Eh values. Hence

8. Evolution potentielle du régime des crues de la Seine sous changement climatique

Author: Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux (SISYPHE) ; CNRS - École Pratique des Hautes Études [EPHE] - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) - Paris VI, Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY) ; CEMAGREF, Centre de Géosciences (GEOSCIENCES) ; MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME) ; CNRS - INSU - Météo France, CERFACS [Toulouse] ; CNRS - INSU, Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM) ; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), Ducharne, Agnès, Habets, Florence, Oudin, Ludovic, Gascoin, Simon, Sauquet, E., Viennot, Pascal, Hachour, A., Déqué, M., Martin, E., Pagé, C., Terray, L., Thiéry, Dominique, Structure et fonctionnement des systèmes hydriques continentaux (SISYPHE) ; CNRS - École Pratique des Hautes Études [EPHE] - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) - Paris VI, Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY) ; CEMAGREF, Centre de Géosciences (GEOSCIENCES) ; MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME) ; CNRS - INSU - Météo France, CERFACS [Toulouse] ; CNRS - INSU, Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM) ; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), Ducharne, Agnès, Habets, Florence, Oudin, Ludovic, Gascoin, Simon, Sauquet, E., Viennot, Pascal, Hachour, A., Déqué, M., Martin, E., Pagé, C., Terray, L., and Thiéry, Dominique
Abstract: National audience, Nous avons régionalisé 12 scénarios de changement climatique d'origine anthropique dans le bassin de la Seine, pour servir en entrée de 5 modèles hydrologiques différents. Les scénarios hydrologiques résultants s'accordent tous sur un assèchement prononcé des bassins étudiés d'ici à la fin du 21ème siècle, avec une baisse des nappes et des débits en moyenne annuelle. A l'échelle saisonnière, la baisse des débits se répercute davantage sur les basses eaux que sur les hautes eaux, dont la baisse est moins robuste. La réponse des valeurs extrêmes est plus contrastée, et les crues extrêmes, identifiées par les quantiles décennaux QJXA10, ne changeraient pas significativement au cours du 21ème siècle. Nos résultats suggèrent aussi que la crue centennale, extrapolée selon la méthode du gradex, resterait du même ordre de grandeur qu'actuellement.

9. Modernité des paléosurfaces - leur apport à la géodynamique

Author: Centre de Géosciences (GEOSCIENCES) ; MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Direction des GéoRessources, Unité Géologie de l'Aménagement des Territoires ; Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM) ; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (ANDRA) ; ANDRA, Mines-Paris Tech, Thiry, Médard, Ricordel-Prognon, Caroline, Franke, Christine, Brulhet, Jacques, Centre de Géosciences (GEOSCIENCES) ; MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Direction des GéoRessources, Unité Géologie de l'Aménagement des Territoires ; Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM) ; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (ANDRA) ; ANDRA, Mines-Paris Tech, Thiry, Médard, Ricordel-Prognon, Caroline, Franke, Christine, and Brulhet, Jacques
Abstract: National audience

10. Armouring of well cement in H2S-CO2 saturated brine by calcite coating -- experiments and numerical modelling

Author: Géologie et gestion des ressources minérales et énergétiques (G2R) ; CNRS - INSU - Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I - Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL), Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM) ; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), Centre de Géosciences (GEOSCIENCES) ; MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Centre scientifique et Technique Jean Feger (CSTJF) ; TOTAL FINA ELF, Jacquemet, Nicolas, Pironon, Jacques, Lagneau, Vincent, Saint-Marc, Jérémie, Géologie et gestion des ressources minérales et énergétiques (G2R) ; CNRS - INSU - Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I - Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL), Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM) ; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), Centre de Géosciences (GEOSCIENCES) ; MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Centre scientifique et Technique Jean Feger (CSTJF) ; TOTAL FINA ELF, Jacquemet, Nicolas, Pironon, Jacques, Lagneau, Vincent, and Saint-Marc, Jérémie
Abstract: International audience, The active acid gas (H2S-CO2 mixture) injection operations in Nortn America provide practical experience for the operators in charge of industrial scale CO2 geological storage sites. Potential leakage via wells and their environmental impacts make well construction durability an issue for efficiency/safety of gas geological storage. In such operations, the well cement is in contact with reservoir brines and the injected gas, meaning that gas-water-solid chemical reactions may change the physical properties of the cement ans its ability to confine the gas downhole. The cement-forming Calicum silicate hydrates carbonation (by CO2) and feriite sulfidation (by H2S) reactions are expected. The main objective of this study is to determine their consequences on cement mineralogy and trasfert ability. 15 and 60 days duration batch experiments were performed, as welle as numerical simulation of the experiments. The work suggest that in both acid gas and CO2 geological storage, clogging of cement or at least mineral assemblage conservation and slowing of carbonation progress could occur in near-well zones where slight water flow occurs e.g. in the vicinity of caprock shales.

11. The fracturing of rocks.

Author: Bles J.L., BRGM, Feuga B., Bles J.L., BRGM, and Feuga B.
Abstract: Chapters are included on the distribution of stresses, rock breakage, general tectonics, definitions and descriptions of various types of fracture, fracture mechanics, relationships between various types of fractures, modes of fracturing, relationships between large and small scale fractures, and relationships of fractures to folds., Chapters are included on the distribution of stresses, rock breakage, general tectonics, definitions and descriptions of various types of fracture, fracture mechanics, relationships between various types of fractures, modes of fracturing, relationships between large and small scale fractures, and relationships of fractures to folds.
Published: 1981

12. Manual of mining prospecting.

Author: Chaussier J.B., BRGM, Morer J., Chaussier J.B., BRGM, and Morer J.
Abstract: Chapters are included on the preparation and organisation of a mineral prospecting expedition in intertropical belts, prospecting by drilling, prospecting of alluvial, eluvial and coastal deposits, geochemical prospecting, geophysical prospecting, boring in mineral prospecting, and prospecting in working mines., Chapters are included on the preparation and organisation of a mineral prospecting expedition in intertropical belts, prospecting by drilling, prospecting of alluvial, eluvial and coastal deposits, geochemical prospecting, geophysical prospecting, boring in mineral prospecting, and prospecting in working mines.
Published: 1981

13. Offshore mineral resources international seminar, Orleans (France), 23-27 October 1978: proceedings

Author: BRGM and BRGM
Abstract: Contents include sections on economic and legal aspects of seabed mining; marine aggregates: exploration, mining and commercialisation; placers: recent prospecting and industrial possibilities; continental shelf dredging; future prospects; metalliferous muds and development, example from the Red Sea; polymetallic nodules: recent advances in exploration; discussion forum: have polymetallic nodules an economic future?; future techniques in deep sea mining., Contents include sections on economic and legal aspects of seabed mining; marine aggregates: exploration, mining and commercialisation; placers: recent prospecting and industrial possibilities; continental shelf dredging; future prospects; metalliferous muds and development, example from the Red Sea; polymetallic nodules: recent advances in exploration; discussion forum: have polymetallic nodules an economic future?; future techniques in deep sea mining.
Published: 1979

14. Symposium on low temperature Pb Zn F Ba vein type deposits from the European and North African Variscan provinces, held in Orleans, 21-23 April, 1982. Summaries of communications.

Author: BRGM and BRGM
Published: 1982

15. Metallogenic map of Europe and neighbouring countries, 1:2 500 000. Sheet 9: near East (Ankara).

Author: BRGM; UNESCO. and BRGM; UNESCO.
Abstract: The sheet covers eastern Turkey, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Iraq, western Iran, and parts of the Crimea, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia. Metallogenic provinces and specific deposits are indicated with their general geological context, age, morphology, nature of the mineral, principal metals, genetic type, and nature of the deposit, all depicted by means of colour coding or symbols. The accompanying mineral deposits lists are arranged in three sequences: geographical (in order of latitude within each country), alphabetical (by deposit name within each country), and by commodity., The sheet covers eastern Turkey, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Iraq, western Iran, and parts of the Crimea, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia. Metallogenic provinces and specific deposits are indicated with their general geological context, age, morphology, nature of the mineral, principal metals, genetic type, and nature of the deposit, all depicted by means of colour coding or symbols. The accompanying mineral deposits lists are arranged in three sequences: geographical (in order of latitude within each country), alphabetical (by deposit name within each country), and by commodity.

16. Metallogenic map of Europe and neighbouring countries, 1:2 500 000. Sheet 5: middle Europe (Praha).

Author: BRGM; UNESCO. and BRGM; UNESCO.
Abstract: The sheet covers Denmark, West Germany, East Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and parts of the USSR, Sweden, northeast France, Benelux, north Italy, and Yugoslavia. Metallogenic provinces and specific deposits are indicated, with their general geological context, age, morphology, nature of the mineral, principal metals, genetic type, and nature of the deposit, all depicted by means of colour coding or symbols. The accompanying mineral deposits lists are arranged in three sequences: geographical (in order of latitude within each country), alphabetical (by deposit name within each country), and by commodity., The sheet covers Denmark, West Germany, East Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and parts of the USSR, Sweden, northeast France, Benelux, north Italy, and Yugoslavia. Metallogenic provinces and specific deposits are indicated, with their general geological context, age, morphology, nature of the mineral, principal metals, genetic type, and nature of the deposit, all depicted by means of colour coding or symbols. The accompanying mineral deposits lists are arranged in three sequences: geographical (in order of latitude within each country), alphabetical (by deposit name within each country), and by commodity.

17. Metallogenic map of Europe and neighbouring countries, 1:2 500 000. Sheet 8: south Europe and Mediterranean Sahara (Athens).

Author: BRGM; UNESCO. and BRGM; UNESCO.
Abstract: The sheet covers Corsica, Sardinia, southern Italy and Sicily, southern Yugoslavia, Albania, Greece, Bulgaria, western Turkey, and the north African coast from Alexandria to Tunisia. Metallogenic provinces and specific deposits are indicated, with their general geological context, age, morphology, nature of the mineral, principal metals, genetic type, and nature of the deposit, all depicted by means of colour coding or symbols. The accompanying mineral deposits lists are arranged in three sequences: geographical (in order of latitude within each country), alphabetical (by deposit name within each country), and by commodity., The sheet covers Corsica, Sardinia, southern Italy and Sicily, southern Yugoslavia, Albania, Greece, Bulgaria, western Turkey, and the north African coast from Alexandria to Tunisia. Metallogenic provinces and specific deposits are indicated, with their general geological context, age, morphology, nature of the mineral, principal metals, genetic type, and nature of the deposit, all depicted by means of colour coding or symbols. The accompanying mineral deposits lists are arranged in three sequences: geographical (in order of latitude within each country), alphabetical (by deposit name within each country), and by commodity.

18. Atlas of ore minerals.

Author: Picot P., BRGM, Johan Z., Picot P., BRGM, and Johan Z.
Abstract: This work is based on the BRGM's reference collection of polished sections and on20 years work by its mineralogists. Part one discusses the use of methods and describes the apparatus used. Determination tables are also provided based on commonly used characteristics such as paragenesis, reflectance, twinning etc. The main part describes 369 minerals in alphabetical order. Most have been photographed in polarised light and optical properties and principles of determination in reflected light are given as follows: colour in plane-polarised light, brireflectance and polishing characteristics; reflectance; anisotropy and colours with nicols crossed; associated minerals and paragenesis; occurrences; determination criteria; and x-ray powder diffraction data. A table of reflectance values in 15 wavelengths of the visible spectrum completes the description., This work is based on the BRGM's reference collection of polished sections and on20 years work by its mineralogists. Part one discusses the use of methods and describes the apparatus used. Determination tables are also provided based on commonly used characteristics such as paragenesis, reflectance, twinning etc. The main part describes 369 minerals in alphabetical order. Most have been photographed in polarised light and optical properties and principles of determination in reflected light are given as follows: colour in plane-polarised light, brireflectance and polishing characteristics; reflectance; anisotropy and colours with nicols crossed; associated minerals and paragenesis; occurrences; determination criteria; and x-ray powder diffraction data. A table of reflectance values in 15 wavelengths of the visible spectrum completes the description.

19. Symposium on low temperature Pb Zn F Ba vein type deposits from the European and North African Variscan provinces, held in Orleans, 21-23 April 1982, in hommage to Jules Agard. Proceedings.

Author: BRGM and BRGM
Abstract: 60 papers or extended abstracts are presented. Regional syntheses are given of deposits in Bavaria, the Rhine gorge area, the Bohemian massif, SW Poland, the Czech Carpathians, Macedonia, the Pacific region, southern Sweden, central Scotland, the English Pennines, the Armorican massif, the Massif Central, Provence, the Maures massif, Italy, Portugal, and central Morocco. Individual deposits discussed are those of Brioude-Massiac, Pontgibaud, Beaujeu, Noailhac-Saint Salvy, Villemagne, Chaillac, Porres, Pic Martin, Maurevieille, and Fontsante, in France, Penas de Haya, Montseny-Guilleries, Modesta, and Badajoz-Cordoue, in Spain, Monte Genis, in Sardinia, Moldava and Harrachov, in Czechoslovakia, and the Pennines, in the UK. The following section includes geochemical studies and genetic models, and the final papers are structural studies and prospecting guides., 60 papers or extended abstracts are presented. Regional syntheses are given of deposits in Bavaria, the Rhine gorge area, the Bohemian massif, SW Poland, the Czech Carpathians, Macedonia, the Pacific region, southern Sweden, central Scotland, the English Pennines, the Armorican massif, the Massif Central, Provence, the Maures massif, Italy, Portugal, and central Morocco. Individual deposits discussed are those of Brioude-Massiac, Pontgibaud, Beaujeu, Noailhac-Saint Salvy, Villemagne, Chaillac, Porres, Pic Martin, Maurevieille, and Fontsante, in France, Penas de Haya, Montseny-Guilleries, Modesta, and Badajoz-Cordoue, in Spain, Monte Genis, in Sardinia, Moldava and Harrachov, in Czechoslovakia, and the Pennines, in the UK. The following section includes geochemical studies and genetic models, and the final papers are structural studies and prospecting guides.

20. RESORCE (Reference database for seismic ground motion in Europe)

Author: Centre d'Expertise et d'Inspection dans les Domaines de la Réalisation et de l'Exploitation - Service Géologie Géotecnique (CEIDRE- TEGG) ; EDF, Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute ; Bogazici University, FUGRO-Geoter International ; FUGRO-Geoter, Institut des sciences de la Terre (ISTerre) ; Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG) ; CNRS - INSU - Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble 1 UJF) - CNRS - INSU - Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble 1 UJF) - Université de Savoie - Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR) - Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219 - CNRS, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), European Mediterranean Seismological Centre (EMSC/CSEM) ; CEA, DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF) ; CEA, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) ; Sezione Milano-Pavia, Middle East Technical University (METU) ; Middle East Technical University, SIGMA, European Project : 226967, ENV, FP7-ENV-2008-1, SHARE(2009), Traversa, Paola, Akkar, Sinan, Ameri, Gabriele, Cotton, Fabrice, Douglas, John, Frobert, Laurent, Godey, Stéphanie, HERNANDEZ, Bruno, Luzi, Lucia, Sandikkaya, M. Abdullah, Centre d'Expertise et d'Inspection dans les Domaines de la Réalisation et de l'Exploitation - Service Géologie Géotecnique (CEIDRE- TEGG) ; EDF, Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute ; Bogazici University, FUGRO-Geoter International ; FUGRO-Geoter, Institut des sciences de la Terre (ISTerre) ; Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG) ; CNRS - INSU - Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble 1 UJF) - CNRS - INSU - Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble 1 UJF) - Université de Savoie - Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR) - Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219 - CNRS, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), European Mediterranean Seismological Centre (EMSC/CSEM) ; CEA, DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF) ; CEA, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) ; Sezione Milano-Pavia, Middle East Technical University (METU) ; Middle East Technical University, SIGMA, European Project : 226967, ENV, FP7-ENV-2008-1, SHARE(2009), Traversa, Paola, Akkar, Sinan, Ameri, Gabriele, Cotton, Fabrice, Douglas, John, Frobert, Laurent, Godey, Stéphanie, HERNANDEZ, Bruno, Luzi, Lucia, and Sandikkaya, M. Abdullah
Abstract: With the aim of improving seismic ground-motion models in Europe and reducing associated uncertainties, the compilation of a high-quality database of seismic-motion recordings and associated metadata is of primary importance. SIGMA research and development project, devoted to the improvement of seismic hazard estimates, methods and data for France and nearby regions, has been funding the implementation of RESORCE (Reference databaSe fOR seismiC ground-motion in Europe, Akkar et al., 2014).

21. Inversion of seabed acoustic parameters in shallow water using the warping transform

Author: School of Earth and Ocean Sciences (SEOS) ; University of Victoria, Lab-STICC_EB_CID_TOMS ; AP ; Pôle STIC [Brest] (STIC) ; ENSTA Bretagne - ENSTA Bretagne - Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC) ; CNRS - Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS) - Télécom Bretagne - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - ENSTA Bretagne - Institut Mines-Télécom - PRES Université Européenne de Bretagne (UEB) - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest - CNRS - Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS) - Télécom Bretagne - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - Institut Mines-Télécom - PRES Université Européenne de Bretagne (UEB) - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO) ; CNRS - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - INSU - Université d'Orléans, Zeng, Juan, Ross Chapman, N., Bonnel, Julien, Ma, Li, Chen, Yan, School of Earth and Ocean Sciences (SEOS) ; University of Victoria, Lab-STICC_EB_CID_TOMS ; AP ; Pôle STIC [Brest] (STIC) ; ENSTA Bretagne - ENSTA Bretagne - Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC) ; CNRS - Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS) - Télécom Bretagne - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - ENSTA Bretagne - Institut Mines-Télécom - PRES Université Européenne de Bretagne (UEB) - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest - CNRS - Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) - Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS) - Télécom Bretagne - Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de Brest (ISSTB) - Institut Mines-Télécom - PRES Université Européenne de Bretagne (UEB) - Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO) ; CNRS - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - INSU - Université d'Orléans, Zeng, Juan, Ross Chapman, N., Bonnel, Julien, Ma, Li, and Chen, Yan
Abstract: International audience, In this paper, a method is described for inverting geoacoustic parameters of the seabed from short range field data recorded by single hydrophone. The original data in time domain are processed by a warping operator at first, and then the dispersion curve and the mode amplitude ratios are extracted separately from the warped data. The velocity and the density in the bottom are inverted from the dispersion curve, and the attenuation from the mode amplitude ratios, respectively. The performance of the method is examined using simulated data and then experimental data from the North Sea of China. The source used in the experiment was a small explosive charge that provided good signal to noise ratio over the frequency band from 200 Hz to 1 kHz. The depth of the water was about 30m, and the water sound speed was nearly constant with depth. The seabed geoacoustic parameters are inverted from the data received at different ranges from 2 to 14 km. The results from the different ranges are consistent with a simple half space model of the bottom. The seabed velocity is about 1600 m/s.

22. One-atmosphere high-temperature CO–CO2–SO2 gas-mixing furnace: design, operation, and applications

Author: Shashank Prabha-Mohan, Kenneth T. Koga, Antoine Mathieu, Franck Pointud, Diego F. Narvaez, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Magma - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Departamento de Geología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, ANR-10-LABX-0006,CLERVOLC,Clermont-Ferrand centre for research on volcanism(2010), and ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016)
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, General Mathematics, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography
Abstract: In this paper, we present a new design for a 1 atm gas-mixing furnace using the gas mixture CO–CO2–SO2. This furnace can simulate disequilibrium processes such as magmatic and volcanic degassing. Here, we present the technical aspects of the design. The furnace can sustain temperatures of up to 1650 ∘C and has a hot zone that spans 200 mm vertically, where the hotspot is determined to be ∼ 32 mm below the midpoint of the furnace enclosure. The four mass flow controllers are individually calibrated and accurate to within 0.8 % of the specified value. The fO2 is accurately reproduced in the furnace within ±0.002 log units, as calibrated by the Fe–FeO reaction across the iron–wüstite (IW) buffer at 1300 ∘C. The furnace can reliably simulate dynamic conditions, where the fO2 can be modulated at a maximum rate of 2.0 log units min−1 by varying the gas mixture. A delay of 40 s is observed to attain the fO2 calculated from the gas mixture, at the hotspot. A series of safety measures to protect the user from exposure to the toxic gases are detailed. In our experiments, the furnace is used to determine sulfur isotope fractionation factors among melt, sulfide, and the gas phase, within a magmatic context, using either crystals of olivine or silica glass tubes. The furnace has the potential to investigate various other dynamic high-temperature reactions occurring on Earth.
Published: 2023
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23. A novel and versatile solar Borehole Thermal Energy Storage assisted by a Heat Pump. Part 1: System description

Author: Charles Maragna, Charlotte Rey, Marc Perreaux, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Storengy France, ADEME (French Agency for Ecological Transition, grant number 1882C0016), RVO (the Netherlands), DETEC (Switzerland), FZJ-PtJ (Germany), EUDP (Denmark), Rannis (Iceland), VEA (Belgium), FRCT (Portugal), MINECO (Spain), and European Project: 731117,GEOTHERMICA
Subjects: Heat pump, Renewable heating, Solar thermal collectors, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Borehole thermal energy storage, Domestic hot water, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract: International audience; The paper reports a system combining Solar Thermal Collectors (STC), Borehole Thermal Energy Storage (BTES), a Heap Pump (HP) and a backup boiler for space heating and Domestic Hot Water (DHW) production. The integration of the components and the overall control strategy are described. The system is flexible, being able to select the best thermal source and to use it directly or through a HP, while only the excess solar heat is stored into the BTES. The contribution of every subsystem to the energy mix is discussed. For a "reference configuration" combining the three subsystems ("Design D") and characterized by heating and DHW needs of 510.5 MWh.y − 1 and 226.7 MWh.y − 1 respectively, a BTES volume of 15000 m 3 , a distance between boreholes of 3 m, a STC area of 2500 m 2 , and a solar tank volume of 100 m 3 , the system uses 274 units of gas and electricity to provide 1000 units of heating and DHW. This reference configuration outperforms any alternative design: Design A (STC only), Design B (STC and HP) and design C (STC and BTES) would respectively require 612, 480 and 591 units of gas and electricity to do so. A one-at-a-time analysis reveals that the STC area, azimuth and inclination, the solar tank volume, the BTES volume, the borehole density and the HP power are key parameters to the overall system performance.
Published: 2023
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24. Land drainage functioning and hydrological impacts in rural catchments: model development and field experiments

Author: Daniel Zimmer, Julien Tournebize, Sami Bouarfa, Cyril Kao, Benoît Lesaffre, KIC Climat, Hydrosystèmes continentaux anthropisés : ressources, risques, restauration (UR HYCAR), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Académie d'Agriculture de France
Subjects: Water quality, Subsurface drainage Waterlogged soil Modelling Boussinesq equation Peak flow Surface runoff Water quality, Peak flow, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Subsurface drainage, Surface runoff, Modelling, Waterlogged soil, Boussinesq equation, General Environmental Science
Abstract: International audience; The development of an integrated theory of subsurface drainage based on hydrology and hydrogeology concepts is presented. The historical context, the main hypothesis derived from the Boussinesq equation and the validation of the model predictions are discussed. Theoretical developments of this equation demonstrate that a single parameter (σ)-a combination of soil and drainage system properties-is sufficient for predicting the dynamics of subsurface drain flow rates. We also demonstrate that these drain flow rates are a function of the level of water replenishment in the system (classically the water table elevation), of the recharge intensity of the aquifer and of a buffer function related to the swelling or deflation of the water table shape during recharge events. For values of σ > 1, the buffer role of the water table is negligible. In that case approx. 13% of the water table recharge contributes to the flow rate, which is shown to explain the observed disconnection between water table elevations and peak flow rates at the outlet of classic agricultural drainage systems and to predict these peak flow rates accurately. A modelling approach based on this theory and validated experimentally (SIDRA model) allowed us to test the quality of the peak flow prediction. The SIDRA model also includes a surface runoff module and has been coupled to different modelling tools and used to analyse the impacts of subsurface drainage on water quality. The approach contributed towards the development of tools that helped to connect better the drainage systems to the hydrological functioning of watersheds.
Published: 2023
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25. Modeled production, oxidation, and transport processes of wetland methane emissions in temperate, boreal, and Arctic regions

Author: Masahito Ueyama, Sara H. Knox, Kyle B. Delwiche, Sheel Bansal, William J. Riley, Dennis Baldocchi, Takashi Hirano, Gavin McNicol, Karina Schafer, Lisamarie Windham‐Myers, Benjamin Poulter, Robert B. Jackson, Kuang‐Yu Chang, Jiquen Chen, Housen Chu, Ankur R. Desai, Sébastien Gogo, Hiroki Iwata, Minseok Kang, Ivan Mammarella, Matthias Peichl, Oliver Sonnentag, Eeva‐Stiina Tuittila, Youngryel Ryu, Eugénie S. Euskirchen, Mathias Göckede, Adrien Jacotot, Mats B. Nilsson, Torsten Sachs, Osaka Metropolitan University, University of British Columbia [Vancouver], Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management [Berkeley] (ESPM), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), US Geological Survey [Jamestown], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Prairie and Northern Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Chicago] (EAES), University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Rutgers University [Newark], Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Department of Earth and Environmental Science [Newark], Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), US Geological Survey [Menlo Park], NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Department of Earth System Science [Stanford] (ESS), Stanford EARTH, Stanford University-Stanford University, Stanford University, Michigan State University System, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Madison], Université de Rennes (UR), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Shinshu University [Nagano], National Center for Agro-Meteorology, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Université de Montréal (UdeM), University of Eastern Finland, School of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ)
Subjects: multi-site synthesis, data-model fusion, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, methane emissions, methane model, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Eddy covariance, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Bayesian optimization, General Environmental Science
Abstract: International audience; Wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere. The eddy covariance method provides robust measurements of net ecosystem exchange of CH4, but interpreting its spatiotemporal variations is challenging due to the co-occurrence of CH4 production, oxidation, and transport dynamics. Here, we estimate these three processes using a data-model fusion approach across 25 wetlands in temperate, boreal, and Arctic regions. Our data-constrained model—iPEACE—reasonably reproduced CH4 emissions at 19 of the 25 sites with normalized root mean square error of 0.59, correlation coefficient of 0.82, and normalized standard deviation of 0.87. Among the three processes, CH4 production appeared to be the most important process, followed by oxidation in explaining inter-site variations in CH4 emissions. Based on a sensitivity analysis, CH4 emissions were generally more sensitive to decreased water table than to increased gross primary productivity or soil temperature. For periods with leaf area index (LAI) of ≥20% of its annual peak, plant-mediated transport appeared to be the major pathway for CH4 transport. Contributions from ebullition and diffusion were relatively high during low LAI (
Published: 2023
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26. The East-Mayotte new volcano in the Comoros Archipelago: structure and timing of magmatic phases inferred from seismic reflection data

Author: Charles Masquelet, Sylvie Leroy, Matthias Delescluse, Nicolas Chamot-Rooke, Isabelle Thinon, Anne Lemoine, Dieter Franke, Louise Watremez, Philippe Werner, Fabien Paquet, Carole Berthod, Victor Cabiativa Pico, Daniel Sauter, Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SPIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-19-CE31-0018,COYOTES,COmores & maYotte : vOlcanisme, TEctonique et Sismicité(2019)
Subjects: Volcanism, Comoros Archipelago, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Mayotte, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Fani Maore volcano, FaniMaore volcano, Seismic reflection, General Environmental Science
Abstract: A multichannel seismic reflection profile acquired during the SISMAORE cruise (2021) provides the first in-depth image of the submarine volcanic edifice, named Fani Maore, that formed 50 km east of Mayotte Island (Comoros Archipelago) in 2018–2019. This new edifice sits on a ∼140 m thick sedimentary layer, which is above a major, volcanic layer up to ∼1 km thick and extends over 120 km along the profile. This volcanic unit is made of several distinct seismic facies that indicate successive volcanic phases. We interpret this volcanic layer as witnessing the main phase of construction of the Mayotte Island volcanic edifice. A ∼2.2–2.5 km thick sedimentary unit is present between this volcanic layer and the top of the crust. A complex magmatic feeder system is observed within this unit, composed of saucer-shape sills and seal bypass systems. The deepest tip of this volcanic layer lies below the top-Oligocene seismic horizon, indicating that the volcanism ofMayotte Island likely began around 26.5Ma, earlier than previously assumed., Un profil de sismique réflexion multitrace acquis lors de la campagne océanographique SISMAORE (2021) apporte la première image en profondeur du volcan sous-marin Fani Maore, qui s’est formé à 50 km à l’est de l’île de Mayotte (archipel des Comores) en 2018–2019. Ce nouvel édifice repose sur une première couche sédimentaire d’environ 140 m d’épaisseur au-dessus d’une couche volcanique majeure épaisse de 1 km et qui s’étend sur 120 km le long du profil. Cette dernière unité volcanique est constituée de plusieurs faciès sismiques distincts qui indiquent des phases volcaniques successives. Nous interprétons cette couche volcanique comme le témoin de la phase principale de construction de l’édifice volcanique de l’île de Mayotte. Une couverture sédimentaire de 2.2–2.5 km d’épaisseur est présente entre cette couche volcanique et le toit de la croûte. On y observe de nombreux sills en forme de soucoupe ainsi que des zones à faciès de remontées de fluides, dessinant un système d’alimentation magmatique complexe sous la principale couche volcanique. L’extrémité la plus profonde de cette couche volcanique se place en dessous de l’horizon sismique de l’Oligocène supérieur et indique que le volcanisme de l’île de Mayotte a probablement commencé vers 26.5 Ma, plus tôt que ce qui était supposé auparavant.
Published: 2023
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27. Rift thermal inheritance in the SW Alps (France): insights from RSCM thermometry and 1D thermal numerical modelling

Author: Naïm Célini, Frédéric Mouthereau, Abdeltif Lahfid, Claude Gout, Jean-Paul Callot, Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes et leurs Réservoirs (LFCR), TOTAL FINA ELF-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)
Subjects: Geophysics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Geochemistry and Petrology, Stratigraphy, Paleontology, Soil Science, Geology, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: Conceptual models of orogenic accretionary prisms assume that peak temperatures (Tmax⁡) increase towards the internal domains as crustal rocks are accreted from the lower to the upper plate. However, the recognition of pre-orogenic heating events in mountain belts questions the magnitude of thermal overprint during nappe stacking. Using Raman spectroscopy on carbonaceous material (RSCM) to calculate Tmax⁡, we have investigated the thermal record of Lower Jurassic to Eocene strata exposed along six stratigraphic sections at the front of the Digne Nappe (SW Alps), from the Devoluy Massif to the Castellane Arc. Our results highlight two groups of depth-dependent temperatures: (1) a regionally extensive and constant Tmax⁡ up to 300–330 ∘C measured in the Jurassic succession and (2) regionally variable lower temperatures (<150 ∘C) recorded either in the Upper Mesozoic or the syn-orogenic sequence. Modelling shows that the highest palaeotemperatures were achieved during the Early Cretaceous (∼ 130 Ma), associated with the Valaisan–Vocontian rifting, while the lowest Tmax⁡ reflect post-rift thermal relaxation in the Alpine foreland basin. This study provides a striking new example where mid-crustal palaeotemperatures measured in sediments accreted from the downgoing plate are inherited. An estimated peak thermal gradient of 80–90 ∘C km−1 requires a crustal thickness of 8–10 km during the Early Cretaceous, hence placing constraints for tectonic reconstruction of rift domains and geophysical interpretation of current crustal thickness in the SW Alps. These results call for the careful interpretation of palaeothermal data when they are used to identify past collisional thermal events. Where details of basin evolution are lacking, high-temperature records may be misinterpreted as syn-orogenic, which can in turn lead to an overestimation of both orogenic thickening and horizontal displacement in mountain belts.
Published: 2023
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28. In people’s minds and on the ground: Values and power in climate change adaptation

Author: Bruno Locatelli, Martin Laurenceau, Yaneth Roxana Calla Chumpisuca, Emilia Pramova, Améline Vallet, Yésica Quispe Conde, Ronal Cervantes Zavala, Houria Djoudi, Sandra Lavorel, Matthew J. Colloff, Forêts et Sociétés (UPR Forêts et Sociétés), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), AgroParisTech, Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurímac (UNAMBA), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement (CIRED), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM), Superintendencia Nacional de Servicios de Saneamiento (SUNASS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University (ANU), and This paper is a contribution from the Transformative Adaptation Research Alliance (TARA, https//research.csiro.au/tara/), an international network of researchers and practitioners dedicated to the development and implementation of novel approaches to transformative adaptation to global change. The funding partners that have supported this research include the International Climate Initiative (IKI, project 15_III_075) of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB), the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (agreement QZA-016/0110), the French Funding Agency for research (project TRASSE ANR-CONACYT-17-CE32–0012), the European Union’s H2020 research and innovation program (SINCERE Project), the French Ministry for the Ecological and Inclusive Transition, and the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (CRP FTA) with financial support from the CGIAR Fund.
Subjects: Ecosystem service, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, Geography, Planning and Development, adaptation aux changements climatiques, Andes, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, U70 - Sciences humaines et sociales, gestion des eaux sur les hauts-plateaux, Conservation de l'eau, Nature-based solution, P10 - Ressources en eau et leur gestion, partie intéressée, Prise de décision, Sociologie rurale, Water, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, Belief, Attitude, Gestion des eaux
Abstract: International audience; As decisions on climate change adaptation involve stakeholders with different values, beliefs and attitudes (VBA), decision outcomes depend on how stakeholders interact and how power is distributed. In this paper, we explore the VBA of stakeholders involved in three water management projects focusing on dams, micro-reservoirs, or wetlands in a Peruvian watershed facing droughts. We apply a framework with the core ideas of the hydrosocial cycle, the decision context perspective, and the VBA hierarchy to show how stakeholders’ perspectives and power influence practices on the ground. The analysis of VBA reveals three different perspectives on water management held by different stakeholder groups. First, a community-based perspective, frequent among local communities, favors micro-reservoirs managed by communities. Second, an infrastructure-based perspective, frequent among public sector stakeholders, shows a preference for dams managed by the private sector. Third, a nature-based perspective, with a preference for wetlands managed by the public sector, is found across stakeholder groups. In the three water management projects, different power distributions determine which VBA dominate and influence practices on the ground. Dams on the ground represent power from the public and private sectors, while micro-reservoirs represent local grassroot control. In the wetland project, the outcomes of the evolving hydrosocial cycle are still unclear and will depend on how multiple perspectives are considered. Examining and questioning the decision context in which adaptation occurs can help excluded stakeholders achieve more power and agency and tackle the fundamental question of ‘adaptation of what and for whom’.
Published: 2022
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29. Mixed and Nitsche's discretizations of Coulomb frictional contact-mechanics for mixed dimensional poromechanical models

Author: Mohamed LAAZIRI, Laurence Beaude, Franz Chouly, Roland Masson, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Institut de Mathématiques de Bourgogne [Dijon] (IMB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), COmplex Flows For Energy and Environment (COFFEE), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (LJAD), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), ANDRA, I-Site BFC project NAANoD, and ANR-17-EURE-0002,EIPHI,Ingénierie et Innovation par les sciences physiques, les savoir-faire technologiques et l'interdisciplinarité(2017)
Subjects: Nitsche's method, Contact mechanics, Coulomb friction, Mechanics of Materials, Mechanical Engineering, Stabilized mixed method, Poromechanics, Discrete Fracture Matrix model, Computational Mechanics, General Physics and Astronomy, [PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics], Computer Science Applications
Abstract: International audience; This work deals with the discretization of single-phase Darcy flows in fractured and deformable porous media, including frictional contact at the matrix-fracture interfaces. Fractures are described as a network of planar surfaces leading to so-called mixed-dimensional models. Small displacements and a linear poro-elastic behavior are considered in the matrix. One key difficulty to simulate such coupled poro-mechanical models is related to the formulation and discretization of the contact mechanical sub-problem. Our starting point is based on the mixed formulation using facewise constant Lagrange multipliers along the fractures representing normal and tangential stresses. This is a natural choice for the discretization of the contact dual cone in order to account for complex fracture networks with corners and intersections. It leads to local expressions of the contact conditions and to efficient semi-smooth nonlinear solvers. On the other hand, such a mixed formulation requires to satisfy a compatibility condition between the discrete spaces restricting the choice of the displacement space and potentially leading to sub-optimal accuracy. This motivates the investigation of two alternative formulations based either on a stabilized mixed formulation or on the Nitsche's method. These three types of formulations are first investigated theoritically in order to enhance their connections. Then, they are compared numerically in terms of accuracy and nonlinear convergence. The sensitivity to the choice of the formulation parameters is also investigated. Several 2D test cases are considered with various fracture networks using both P1 and P2 conforming Finite Element discretizations of the displacement field and an Hybrid Finite Volume discretization of the mixed-dimensional Darcy flow model.
Published: 2023
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30. Making technological innovations accessible to agricultural water management: Design of a low-cost wireless sensor network for drip irrigation monitoring in Tunisia

Author: Paul Vandôme, Crystele Leauthaud, Simon Moinard, Oliver Sainlez, Insaf Mekki, Abdelaziz Zairi, Gilles Belaud, Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Technologies et Méthodes pour les Agricultures de demain (UMR ITAP), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut National de Recherche en Génie Rural Eaux et Forêts (INRGREF), and Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forêts (ENGREF)-Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles [Tunis] (IRESA)
Subjects: Internet of things (IoT), Agricultural water management, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Drip irrigation monitoring, Low cost soil moisture sensor, LoRa network, Wireless sensor network
Abstract: International audience; Unsustainable use of water resources and climate change will exacerbate the existing tensions surrounding resources, especially in the Mediterranean context. Despite investments in costly modern equipment, the performance of irrigated agriculture remains below expectations, notably because of the lack of available water data and the limited use of decision support tools. Although a variety of soil moisture sensors are available on the market, they are not widely used by the agricultural community because of their high cost and complexity. Access to information at an unprecedented level, via easily accessible low-cost and low-tech sensors, may be a major lever for improved identification of achievable gains in performance, and to guide actors toward efficient water management. To explore this hypothesis, an open source wireless soil moisture sensor, low-energy and economically and technically accessible, was developed. The tool was designed according to water users’ requirements and applied to a Tunisian irrigation scheme subject to major water use efficiency issues. The functioning of the wireless sensor network was tested on pilot plots over a growing season and compared with commercial sensors. A single parameter calibration can be performed in either the laboratory or the field. This low-cost sensor can be used for real-time irrigation monitoring and as a decision-making tool for water management.
Published: 2023
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31. Process-based flood damage modelling relying on expert knowledge: a methodological contribution applied to the agricultural sector

Author: Pauline Brémond, Anne-Laurence Agenais, Frédéric Grelot, Claire Richert, Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), ITK [Clapiers], and This research has been supported by the French Ministry of Environment (grant no. 2200752351).
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Abstract: Flood damage assessment is crucial for evaluating flood management policies. In particular, properly assessing damage to agricultural assets is important because they are complex economic systems particularly exposed to floods. The modelling approaches used to assess flood damage are of several types and can be fed by damage data collected post-flood, from experiments or based on expert knowledge. The process-based models fed by expert knowledge are the subject of research and also widely used in an operational way. Although identified as potentially transferable, they are in reality often case-specific and difficult to reuse in time (updatability) and space (transferability). In this paper, we argue that process-based models, based on a rigorous modelling process, can be suitable for application in different contexts. We propose a methodological framework aimed at verifying the conditions necessary to develop these models in a spirit of capitalisation by relying on four axes which are (i) the explicitation of assumptions, (ii) the validation, (iii) the updatability, (iv) the transferability. The methodological framework is then applied to the model we have developed in France to produce national damage functions for the agricultural sector. We show in this paper that the proposed methodological framework facilitates an explicit description of the modelling assumptions and data used, which is necessary to consider for a reuse in time or for transfer to another geographical area. In this sense, this methodological framework constitutes a solid basis for considering the validation, transfer, comparison and capitalisation of data collected around models based on processes relying on expert knowledge. In conclusion, we identify research tracks to be implemented so as to pursue this improvement in a spirit of capitalisation and international cooperation.
Published: 2022
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32. From mineral processing to waste management and recycling: common challenges and needs for innovation in France

Author: Patrick D’Hugues, Stephane Bourg, Yannick Menard, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous), [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract: International audience; The world’s population is constantly growing, the global standard of living is increasing, urbanisation is developing on all continents and both the digital transformation and the necessary energy transition are underway. These different “societal phenomena” have in common that they exponentially increase the need for raw materials (metals and other minerals). For example, the demand for certain strategic metals for manufacturing batteries required for electric mobility and the energy transition is expected to explode. According to the recent raw material score board (2021) from the European commission, the lithium demand will increase by a factor of 20 in 2030; an increase by 5 is expected for cobalt. Projections for copper use show that consumption in the next 25 years will be higher than the total cumulative consumption since the Copper Age (during the Neolithic). To meet these supply challenges whilst respecting the major sustainable development goals adopted by the United Nations, it is necessary to improve the resource efficiency, meaning using the Earth’s limited resources in a sustainable manner whilst minimising impacts on the environment: delivering greater value with less input. In other words, R&D action must help to improve the environmental and societal efficiency of extractive activities, to optimise the use of metals and materials throughout their life cycle by reducing losses, and finally to set up recycling processes as part of a circular economy. The shift from a linear to a circular economy is imperative to ensure that the economic growth is not only based on the use of natural resources. [...] The objective of this paper is not only to show the common challenges faced by ore and waste treatment technologies but also to highlight some specific innovation needs associated with each resources depending of their origin (primary secondary end of life).
Published: 2022
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33. Comparison between Rock-Eval® and temperature-programmed pyrolysis/mass spectrometry for the analysis of environmental and geological samples

Author: Jacob, Jérémy, Delarue, Frédéric, Copard, Yoann, Le Milbeau, Claude, Grasset, Laurent, Brockmann, Patrick, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), OTARIE project (Région Centre Val de Loire, European Council through the FEDER fund), and ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010)
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract: International audience; Natural organic matter (OM) has a complex structure whose complete structural and chemical description remains a challenge. Rock-Eval® device constitutes a rapid and affordable method for obtaining key quantitative and qualitative parameters on OM. Previous studies on soil samples proposed to deconvolute or to split into temperature slices Rock-Eval® S2 pyrograms in order to distinguish and quantify chemical fractions of increasing thermal lability. In order to provide support for such an assumption, this work proposes a methodological approach based on coupling a temperature-programmed pyrolyser to a standard mass spectrometer (Py-MS). In this manuscript, we compare results acquired by Rock-Eval® pyrolysis with those from Total Ion Current (TIC) traces obtained by Py-MS on a set of reference soil samples, completed by dissolved OM, source rock and coal samples, in order to test the extent to which this approach can be generalized. Our results show good quantitative and qualitative agreements between the two methods. This comparison is a prerequisite before going further and addressing the molecular significance of S2 pyrograms deconvolution through the examination of m/z fragments abundance curves.
Published: 2023
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34. The earliest unambiguous Neanderthal engravings on cave walls: La Roche-Cotard, Loire Valley, France

Author: Marquet, Jean-Claude, Freiesleben, Trine Holm, Thomsen, Kristina Jørkov, Murray, Andrew Sean, Calligaro, Morgane, Macaire, Jean-Jacques, Robert, Eric, Lorblanchet, Michel, Aubry, Thierry, Bayle, Grégory, Bréhéret, Jean-Gabriel, Camus, Hubert, Chareille, Pascal, Egels, Yves, Guillaud, Émilie, Guérin, Guillaume, Gautret, Pascale, Liard, Morgane, O’farrell, Magen, Peyrouse, Jean-Baptiste, Thamó-Bozsó, Edit, Verdin, Pascal, Wojtczak, Dorota, Oberlin, Christine, Jaubert, Jacques, Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés (CITERES), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosystèmes Continentaux - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Archéologie et Archéométrie (ArAr), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract: Here we report on Neanderthal engravings on a cave wall at La Roche-Cotard (LRC) in central France, made more than 57±3 thousand years ago. Following human occupation, the cave was completely sealed by cold-period sediments, which prevented access until its discovery in the 19 th century and first excavation in the early 20 th century. The timing of the closure of the cave is based on 50 optically stimulated luminescence ages derived from sediment collected inside and from around the cave. The anthropogenic origin of the spatially-structured, non-figurative marks found within the cave is confirmed using taphonomic, traceological and experimental evidence. Cave closure occurred significantly before the regional arrival of H . sapiens , and all artefacts from within the cave are typical Mousterian lithics; in Western Europe these are uniquely attributed to H . neanderthalensis . We conclude that the LRC engravings are unambiguous examples of Neanderthal abstract design.
Published: 2023
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35. Remote Sensing Data for Digital Soil Mapping in French Research—A Review

Author: Richer-De-Forges, Anne, Chen, Qianqian, Baghdadi, Nicolas, Chen, Songchao, Gomez, Cécile, Jacquemoud, Stéphane, Martelet, Guillaume, Mulder, Vera L., Urbina-Salazar, Diego, Vaudour, Emmanuelle, Weiss, Marie, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, Arrouays, D., Info&Sols (Info&Sols), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Zhejiang University, Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: scale, remote sensing, soil digital soil mapping, sampling density, review, resolution, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, covariates, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, sensors, wavelengths
Abstract: International audience; Soils are at the crossroads of many existential issues that humanity is currently facing. Soils are a finite resource that is under threat, mainly due to human pressure. There is an urgent need to map and monitor them at field, regional, and global scales in order to improve their management and prevent their degradation. This remains a challenge due to the high and often complex spatial variability inherent to soils. Over the last four decades, major research efforts in the field of pedometrics have led to the development of methods allowing to capture the complex nature of soils. As a result, digital soil mapping (DSM) approaches have been developed for quantifying soils in space and time. DSM and monitoring have become operational thanks to the harmonization of soil databases, advances in spatial modeling and machine learning, and the increasing availability of spatiotemporal covariates, including the exponential increase in freely available remote sensing (RS) data. The latter boosted research in DSM, allowing the mapping of soils at high resolution and assessing the changes through time. We present a review of the main contributions and developments of French (inter)national research, which has a long history in both RS and DSM. Thanks to the French SPOT satellite constellation that started in the early 1980s, the French RS and soil research communities have pioneered DSM using remote sensing. This review describes the data, tools, and methods using RS imagery to support the spatial predictions of a wide range of soil properties and discusses their pros and cons. The review demonstrates that RS data are frequently used in soil mapping (i) by considering them as a substitute for analytical measurements, or (ii) by considering them as covariates related to the controlling factors of soil formation and evolution. It further highlights the great potential of RS imagery to improve DSM, and provides an overview of the main challenges and prospects related to digital soil mapping and future sensors. This opens up broad prospects for the use of RS for DSM and natural resource monitoring.
Published: 2023
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36. Services provided by multifunctional agroecosystems : Questions, obstacles and solutions

Author: Alexia Stokes, Géraldine Bocquého, Pascal Carrere, Raphaël Conde Salazar, Marc Deconchat, Léo Garcia, Antoine Gardarin, Christian Gary, Cédric Gaucherel, Mamadou Gueye, Mickael Hedde, Françoise Lescourret, Zhun Mao, Nicolas Quérou, Gabrielle Rudi, Jean-Michel Salles, Raphael Soubeyran, Julie Subervie, Aude Vialatte, Fabrice Vinatier, Marielle Thomas, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA), AgroParisTech-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Agronomie, AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine (LEDa), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Géopolitique de l’Energie et des Matières Premières (LEDA-CGEMP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier (CEE-M), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), We acknowledge the funding and support provided by the INRAE Metaprogram ‘Ecosystem Services’, (https://colloque.inrae.fr/metaprograms-workshops_eng/Metaprograms/EcoServ). In particular, we thank Dr Guy Richard (INRAE, France) for his dynamic leadership of this research program. AS, MZ and CG received funding from the EU Horizon Europe Programme under grant agreement number 101059498 (eco2adapt: Ecosystem-based Adaptation and Changemaking to Shape, Protect and Maintain the Resilience of Tomorrow’s Forests)., and European Project: 101059498 ,eco2adapt
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Social-ecological system, Economics, Ecosystem services, Biodiversity, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Farm, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Model, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Highlights: • We investigated multifunctionality and ecosystem services in agroecosystems. • 18 research questions, obstacles and solutions were identified. • Future research must integrate knowledge from different sectors and communities. • Biodiversity is a key factor to explore and incorporate into modelling approaches. • Promoting dialogue, standardization and data-sharing would enhance progress.Abstract:Agroecosystems are facing new challenges in the context of a growing and increasingly interconnected human population, and a paradigm shift is needed to successfully address the many complex questions that these challenges will generate. The transition to providing multiple services within an agroecosystem is a starting point for heightened multifunctionality, however, there is still hesitation among stakeholders about moving towards multi-service systems, largely because of the lack of knowledge linking productivity and multifunctionality. We reason that much of this reticence could be overcome through a better understanding of stakeholder requirements and innovative transdisciplinary research extended in the dimensions of time and space. We assembled experts in France to identify priority research questions for co-constructing projects with stakeholders. We identified 18 key questions, as well as the obstacles that hinder their resolution and propose potential solutions for tackling these obstacles. We illustrate that research into agroecosystem multifunctionality and service production must be a hugely collaborative effort and needs to integrate knowledge from different sectors and communities. Promoting dialogue, standardization and data-sharing would enhance transdisciplinary progress. Biodiversity is highlighted as a key factor to explore and incorporate into modelling approaches, but major advances must be made in the understanding of dynamic changes in the biodiversity-function-service nexus across landscapes. Resolving these research questions will allow us to translate knowledge into decision objectives, identify adaptation and tipping points in agroecosystems and develop social-ecological economic pathways that are adaptive over time.
Published: 2023
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37. Concepts in Water Security, Natural Assurance Schemes and Nature-Based Solutions

Author: Peter van der Keur, Nora Van Cauwenbergh, Elena López Gunn, Jonatan Godinez Madrigal, Philippe Le Coent, Raffaele Giordano, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Institute for Water Education (IHE Delft ), I CATALIST MADRID ESP, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), CNR Water Research Institute (IRSA), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Water security, Ecosystem-based approach, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Natural assurance scheme, Readiness level
Abstract: This chapter provides the context of water security for ecosystem-based approaches, notably nature-based solutions (NBS) operationalized in natural assurance schemes (NAS). The huge potential and value of nature-based solutions to both mitigate the effect of water while providing large and important co-benefits is addressed in this book and for this a deeper understanding is needed on how this contributes to water security and how barriers to implementation of NBS and NAS can be overcome. Firstly, relevant concepts and approaches of water security are introduced and reviewed; secondly, the assurance and insurance value is elaborated upon as distinct properties of ecosystem-based approaches; thirdly, the concepts of readiness levels for technology and knowledge, socio-institutionality and investment are introduced to address barriers for the operationalization of the value of ecosystem-based schemes to develop and harvest the full potential of climate resilient investments while addressing EU policies, including the Green Deal, Climate Adaptation Strategy and Strategy for Biodiversity. Finally, based on this chapter, overarching questions are posed which are addressed and discussed in the course of this book.
Published: 2023
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38. Is a dissipation half-life of 5 years for chlordecone in soils of the French West Indies relevant?

Author: Pierre-Loïc Saaidi, Olivier Grünberger, Anatja Samouëlian, Yves Le Roux, Antoine Richard, Damien A. Devault, Cyril Feidt, Pierre Benoit, Olivier Evrard, Gwenaël Imfeld, Christophe Mouvet, Marc Voltz, Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agrosystèmes tropicaux (ASTRO), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre Universitaire de Formation et de Recherche de Mayotte (CUFR), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES), and Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)
Subjects: Dissipation, Chlordecone, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Environmental fate, Persistent organic pollutants, Modeling, Soils, General Medicine, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Toxicology, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, Pollution
Abstract: International audience; Recently, Comte et al. (2022) re-examined the natural degradation of chlordecone (CLD) in the soils of the French West Indies (FWI) by introducing an additional ‘dissipation parameter’ into the WISORCH model developed by Cabidoche et al. (2009). Recent data sets of CLD concentrations in FWI soils obtained by Comte et al. enabled them optimizing the model parameters, resulting in significantly shorter estimates of pollution persistence than in the original model. Their conclusions jeopardize the paradigm of a very limited degradation of CLD in FWI soils, which may lead to an entire revision of the management of CLD contamination. However, we believe that their study is questionable on several important aspects. This includes potential biases in the data sets and in the modeling approach. It results in an inconsistency between the estimated dissipation half-life time (DT50) of five years that the authors determined for CLD and the fate of CLD in soil from the application period 1972–1993 until nowadays. Most importantly, a rapid dissipation of CLD in the field as proposed by Comte et al. is not sufficiently supported by data and estimates. Hence, the paradigm of long-term persistence of CLD in FWI soils is still to be considered.
Published: 2023
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39. Reactive transport experiments of coupled carbonation and serpentinization in a natural serpentinite. Implication for hydrogen production and carbon geological storage

Author: Osselin, Florian, Pichavant, Michel, Champallier, R��mi, Ulrich, Marc, Raimbourg, Hugues, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Métallogénie - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), and ANR-11-EQPX-0036,PLANEX,Planète Expérimentation: simulation et analyse in-situ en conditions extrêmes(2011)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Serpentinization, FOS: Physical sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Reactive-percolation experiments, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics (physics.geo-ph), Physics - Geophysics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Carbonation, Serpentinites, Hydrogen, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Serpentinization and carbonation of ultramafic formations is a ubiquitous phenomenon, which deeply influences the biogeochemical cycles of water, hydrogen, carbon…while supporting the particular biosphere around the oceanic hydrothermal vents. Carbonation of peridotites and other mafic and ultramafic rocks is also a hot topic in the current energy landscape as the engineered sequestration of mineral CO2 in these formations could help reduce the atmospheric emissions and cope with climate change. In this study, we present two reactive percolation experiments performed on a natural serpentinite dredged from the ultraslow South-West Indian Oceanic Ridge. The serpentinite cores (length 3-4 cm and dia. 5.6 mm) were subjected for about 10 days to the continuous injection of a NaHCO3-saturated brine at respectively 160°C and 280°C. Petrographic and petrophysical results as well as outlet fluid compositions were compared to numerical batch simulations performed with the PHREEQC open software allowing to reconstruct the mineralogical evolution of both cores. The most striking observation is the fast and dramatic decrease of the permeability for both experiments principally due to the precipitation of carbonates. On the contrary, serpentine was found to be less impacting as it precipitates in low-flow zones, out of the main percolation paths. In total, about 5.6% of the total injected CO2 was retained in the core, at 280°C. In the same time, hydrogen was consistently produced with a total recovered H2 corresponding to 0.8% of the maximum H2 possible. The global behavior of the cores is interpreted as the result from an interplay between interacting spatio-temporal lengthscales controlled by the Damköhler number.
Published: 2022
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40. Catchment-scale variability and driving factors of fine sediment deposition: insights from a coupled experimental and machine-learning-based modeling study

Author: Thomas Grangeon, Cécile Gracianne, Yvonnick Favreau, Rosalie Vandromme, Grégory Dupeux, Olivier Cerdan, Jérémy Rohmer, Olivier Evrard, Sébastien Salvador-Blanes, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), HYDRO CONCEPT Bureau d’études, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Tours (UT)
Subjects: Connectivity, Erosion, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Stratigraphy, Fine sediment, Deposition, Catchment, Earth-Surface Processes, Random forest
Abstract: Purpose Fine sediment deposition is an important component of the catchment sediment budget and affects river morphology, biology, and contaminant transfer. However, the driving factors of fine sediment deposition remain poorly understood at the catchment scale, limiting our ability to model this process. Methods Fine sediment deposition and river reach characteristics were collected over the entire river network of three medium-sized (200–2200 km2) temperate catchments, corresponding to 11,302 river reaches. This unique database was analyzed and used to develop and evaluate a random forest model. The model was used to predict sediment deposition and analyze its driving factors. Results Fine sediment deposition displayed a high spatial variability and a weak but significant relationship with the Strahler order and river reach width (Pearson coefficient r = −0.4 and 0.4, respectively), indicating the likely nonlinear influence of river reach characteristics. The random forest model predicted fine sediment deposition intensity with an accuracy of 81%, depending on the availability of training data. Bed substrate granularity, flow condition, reach depth and width, and the proportion of cropland and forest were the six most influential variables on fine sediment deposition intensity, suggesting the importance of both hillslope and within-river channel processes in controlling fine sediment deposition. Conclusion This study presented and analyzed a unique dataset. It also demonstrated the potential of random forest approaches to predict fine sediment deposition at the catchment scale. The proposed approach is complementary to measurements and process-based models. It may be useful for improving the understanding of sediment connectivity in catchments, the design of future measurement campaigns, and help prioritize areas to implement mitigation strategies.
Published: 2023
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41. Dynamically coupling system dynamics and SWAT+ models using Tinamït: application of modular tools for coupled human–water system models

Author: Joel Z. Harms, Julien J. Malard-Adam, Jan F. Adamowski, Ashutosh Sharma, Albert Nkwasa, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IIT Roorkee), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, and Faculty of Engineering
Subjects: openmi, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, scarcity, resources, simulation, management, General Environmental Science, soil
Abstract: Participatory water resource management requires modeling techniques that are accurate and flexible yet stakeholder-friendly. While different modeling frameworks offer advantages and disadvantages, system dynamics (SDs) models have seen sustained use as a stakeholder-friendly approach for participatory water resource modeling. Physically based models (e.g., SWAT+) have seen sustained use to model the hydrological components of water systems. Proposed as a way to combine the relative strengths of both modeling paradigms, model coupling allows researchers to, for example, build participatory SD models with stakeholders, while delegating the hydrological components of the overall model to an external hydrological model. Recently developed to facilitate model coupling, the Tinamït Python package presents an extensible, outward-facing application programming interface (API). It allows for the development of extensions (wrappers) that expand compatibility with different physically based models. However, no watershed hydrological model has yet been connected to this API. In the present study, a socket and JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)-based communication protocol was developed with the goal of facilitating the coupling of models written in languages such as Fortran. This novel protocol served to develop a Tinamït-compatible wrapper for the hydrological model SWAT+, allowing it to be coupled to human–water SD models. The novel coupling protocol was then applied to a case study of Tanzania's Usa river catchment. This approach provides the modeler with the benefits of both physically based and SD models, thereby allowing the detection of potentially far-reaching effects of policy-makers' decisions.
Published: 2023
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42. Decision-support for land reclamation location and design choices in the Maldives

Author: Thomas van der Pol, Geronimo Gussmann, Jochen Hinkel, Angel Amores, Marta Marcos, Jeremy Rohmer, Erwin Lambert, Alexander Bisaro, Global Climate Forum e.V., Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), European Project: No 690462,INSeaPTION, and European Project: 869304,PROTECT
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, Flood risk management, Geography, Planning and Development, Coastal protection, Cost-benefit analysis, Climate change adaptation, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Land reclamation, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Sea level rise, Deep uncertainty, Maldives, Reliability analysis
Abstract: International audience; Land reclamation in the Maldives is widespread. Current land reclamation practices, however, lack a systematic approach to anticipate sea-level rise and do not account for local flood risk differences to inform location and design choices. To address these limitations, this paper applies two decision-support tools: a hazard threshold analysis, and a cost-benefit analysis. Both tools produce site-specific estimates of land elevations or flood defence heights but do so for different goals. The hazard threshold analysis identifies hazard-based solutions that meet an acceptable flood probability for an intended lifespan without follow-up actions by reliability optimisation. The cost-benefit analysis identifies risk-based solutions using dynamic programming. We apply both tools to two land reclamation sites, a newly reclaimed airport island and a land extension of an inhabited island, in the Maldives. We find that total hazard-based heights for long-term planning horizons are highly uncertain, with local height differences of up to 1.9 m across sealevel rise scenarios by 2100. Risk-based Island elevations, in contrast, differ much less across scenarios, offering a practical advantage for decision-making. However, land reclamation choices on location, land elevation and investment in flood protection are not only driven by hazardrelated aspects, such as reef characteristics, swell exposure, and sea-level rise, but also by estimates of exposed assets, reclamation, and flood protection costs. Taken together, the two decision-support tools are helpful for improving adaptation decisions and are also applicable in other small island regions.
Published: 2023
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43. Hydrogeological modeling of the Roussillon coastal aquifer (France): stochastic inversion and analysis of future stresses

Author: Ludovic Schorpp, Valentin Dall’Alba, Philippe Renard, Sandra Lanini, Yvan Caballero, Centre d'Hydrogéologie et de Géothermie [Neuchâtel] (CHYN), Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), University of Oslo (UiO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), MESR, FEDER, Agence de l'eau Rhône Méditerranée Corse, Région Occitanie, Perpignan Méditerranée Métropole, Conseil départemental des Pyrénées-Orientales, and Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - Dem’Eaux Roussillon
Subjects: Global and Planetary Change, Coastal aquifer, Seawater intrusions, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Soil Science, Geology, Pollution, Inverse modeling, Climate change, MODFLOW, Environmental Chemistry, PEST plus plus, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: International audience; Global climate change-induced stresses on coastal water resources include water use restrictions, saline intrusions, and permanently modifying or damaging regional resources. Groundwater in coastal regions is often the only freshwater resource available, so an in-depth understanding of the aquifer, and the aquifer's response to climate change, is essential for decisionmakers. In this study, we focus on the coastal aquifer of Roussillon (southern France) by developing and investigating a steady-state groundwater flow model (MODFLOW 6) and calibrated with PEST++ on a Python interface (FloPy and PyEmu). Model input and boundary conditions are constrained by various scenarios of climate projections by 2080, with model results predicting the aquifer's response (and associated uncertainty) to these external forcings. Using simple assumptions of intrusion estimates, model results highlight both strong climatic and anthropogenic impacts on the water table. These include aquifer drawdowns reaching several meters locally, and the seawater interface advancing locally several hundred meters inland and rising by several meters. Intrusions of this magnitude risk endangering exploited water wells and their sustainability. Our results demonstrate the critical importance of properly characterizing the geology and its heterogeneity for understanding aquifers at risk because poor predictions may lead to inappropriate decisions, putting critical resources at risk, particularly in coastal environments. Keywords Coastal aquifer • Climate change • Seawater intrusions • MODFLOW • Inverse modeling • PEST++
Published: 2023
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44. Assessing and modeling hydrogen reactivity in underground hydrogen storage: A review and models simulating the Lobodice town gas storage

Author: Joachim Tremosa, Rasmus Jakobsen, Yann Le Gallo, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), GEOSTOCK, Geostock, and European Project: 101007176 ,HyStorIES
Subjects: Economics and Econometrics, Fuel Technology, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Lobodice, hydrogen, geological storage, PHREEQC, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, methanogenesis, gas/water/rock interaction, sulfate-reduction, bio-geochemical modeling
Abstract: International audience; Underground Hydrogen storage (UHS) is a promising technology for safe storage of large quantities of hydrogen, in daily to seasonal cycles depending on the consumption requirements. The development of UHS requires anticipating hydrogen behavior to prevent any unexpected economic or environmental impact. An open question is the hydrogen reactivity in underground porous media storages. Indeed, there is no consensus on the effects or lack of geochemical reactions in UHS operations because of the strong coupling with the activity of microbes using hydrogen as electron donor during anaerobic reduction reactions. In this work, we apply different geochemical models to abiotic conditions or including the catalytic effect of bacterial activity in methanogenesis, acetogenesis and sulfate-reduction reactions. The models are applied to Lobodice town gas storage (Czech Republic), where a conversion of hydrogen to methane was measured during seasonal gas storage. Under abiotic conditions, no reaction is simulated. When the classical thermodynamic approach for aqueous redox reactions is applied, the simulated reactivity of hydrogen is too high. The proper way to simulate hydrogen reactivity must include a description of the kinetics of the aqueous redox reactions. Two models are applied to simulate the reactions of hydrogen observed at Lobodice gas storage. One modeling the microbial activity by applying energy threshold limitations and another where microbial activity follows a Monod-type rate law. After successfully calibrating the bio-geochemical models for hydrogen reactivity on existing gas storage data and constraining the conditions where microbial activity will inhibit or enhance hydrogen reactivity, we now have a higher confidence in assessing the hydrogen reactivity in future UHS in aquifers or depleted reservoirs.
Published: 2023
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45. Improved metamodels for predicting high-dimensional outputs by accounting for the dependence structure of the latent variables: application to marine flooding

Author: Jeremy Rohmer, Charlie Sire, Sophie Lecacheux, Deborah Idier, Rodrigo Pedreros, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Laboratoire d'Informatique, de Modélisation et d'Optimisation des Systèmes (LIMOS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne (ENSM ST-ETIENNE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Bureau d'expertise en hydrogéologie, risques Inondation, météorologiques et géotechniques (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SCAN/BEHRIG), Service de caractérisation des sites et des aléas naturels (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SCAN), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Applied Mathematics CIROQUO, and ANR-21-CE04-0012,ORACLES,Vers l'intégration des prévisions d'ensemble de submersions marines pour la prise de décision sous incertitude : un parcours à travers les défis de production, traduction et visualisation.(2021)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, General Environmental Science, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: Metamodelling techniques (also referred to as surrogate modelling) have shown high performance to overcome the computational burden of numerical hydrodynamic models for fast prediction of key indicators of marine flooding (e.g. total flooded area). To predict flood maps (e.g. spatial distribution of maximum value of water depth during a flood event), a commonly-used approach is to rely on principal component analysis to reduce the high dimensionality of the flood map (related to the number of pixels typically of several 1000 s) by transforming the spatial output into a low number of latent variables (typically
Published: 2023
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46. A Framework for Estimating Global River Discharge From the Surface Water and Ocean Topography Satellite Mission

Author: Michael Durand, Colin J. Gleason, Tamlin M. Pavelsky, Renato Prata de Moraes Frasson, Michael Turmon, Cédric H. David, Elizabeth H. Altenau, Nikki Tebaldi, Kevin Larnier, Jerome Monnier, Pierre Olivier Malaterre, Hind Oubanas, George H. Allen, Brian Astifan, Craig Brinkerhoff, Paul D. Bates, David Bjerklie, Stephen Coss, Robert Dudley, Luciana Fenoglio, Pierre‐André Garambois, Augusto Getirana, Peirong Lin, Steven A. Margulis, Pascal Matte, J. Toby Minear, Aggrey Muhebwa, Ming Pan, Daniel Peters, Ryan Riggs, Md Safat Sikder, Travis Simmons, Cassie Stuurman, Jay Taneja, Angelica Tarpanelli, Kerstin Schulze, Mohammad J. Tourian, Jida Wang, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), School of Earth Sciences [Columbus], University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), CS Group - SI Toulouse [France] (C-S Group), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], NOAA National Weather Service (NWS), University of Bristol [Bristol], U.S Geological Survey, Institut für Geodäsie und Geoinformationstechnik, Technical University of Berlin / Technische Universität Berlin (TU), Universität Bonn = University of Bonn, Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Peking University [Beijing], Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [UCLA - Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Environment and Climate Change Canada, University of Colorado [Boulder], Kansas State University, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), Texas A&M University [College Station], California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA, Research Institute for the Geo-Hydrological Protection, National Research Council (CNR), Perugia, and University of Stuttgart
Subjects: remote sensing, discharge, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, inverse problem, SWOT mission, hydrology, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: International audience; The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission will vastly expand measurements of global rivers, providing critical new data sets for both gaged and ungaged basins. SWOT discharge products (available approximately 1 year after launch) will provide discharge for all river that reaches wider than 100 m. In this paper, we describe how SWOT discharge produced and archived by the US and French space agencies will be computed from measurements of river water surface elevation, width, and slope and ancillary data, along with expected discharge accuracy. We present for the first time a complete estimate of the SWOT discharge uncertainty budget, with separate terms for random (standard error) and systematic (bias) uncertainty components in river discharge time series. We expect that discharge uncertainty will be less than 30% for two-thirds of global reaches and will be dominated by bias. Separate river discharge estimates will combine both SWOT and in situ data; these “gage-constrained” discharge estimates can be expected to have lower systematic uncertainty. Temporal variations in river discharge time series will be dominated by random error and are expected to be estimated within 15% for nearly all reaches, allowing accurate inference of event flow dynamics globally, including in ungaged basins. We believe this level of accuracy lays the groundwork for SWOT to enable breakthroughs in global hydrologic science.Plain Language Summary The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission was launched on 15 December 2022. SWOT is designed to produce estimates of river discharge on many rivers where no in situ discharge measurements are currently available. This paper describes how SWOT discharge estimates will be created, and their expected accuracy. SWOT discharge will be estimated using simple flow laws that combine SWOT measurements of river water elevation above sea level, river width, and river slope, with ancillary data such as river bathymetry. We expect that discharge uncertainty will be less than 30% for two-thirds of global reaches and will be dominated by a systematic bias. Temporal variations in river discharge time series are expected to be estimated within 15% for nearly all reaches, thus capturing the response of river discharge to rainfall and snowmelt events, including in basins that are currently ungaged, and providing a new capability for scientists to better track the flows of freshwater water through the Earth system.
Published: 2023
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47. Using anticipation to unveil drivers of local livelihoods in Transfrontier Conservation Areas: A call for more environmental justice

Author: Robin Bourgeois, Chloé Guerbois, Nicia Giva, Prisca Mugabe, Billy Mukamuri, Richard Fynn, William’s Daré, Moseki Motsholapheko, Lerato Nare, Etienne Delay, Raphaëlle Ducrot, Joaquim Bucuane, Sara Mercandalli, Christophe Le Page, Alexandre Caron, Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement (UMR ART-Dev), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles [Dakar] (ISRA), Nelson Mandela University [Port Elizabeth], Reconciling Ecological and Human Adaptations for Biosphere Sustainability (REHABS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nelson Mandela University [Port Elizabeth], Eduardo Mondlane University, University of Zimbabwe (UZ), University of Botswana, Savoirs, ENvironnement et Sociétés (SENS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), National University of Science and Technology [Bulawayo], Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), European Commission, Grant/Award Number: FED/2017/394-443, Université Eduardo Mondlane, This article was supported by the EU funded ‘ProSuLi in TFCAs’ project (FED/2017/394-443) and implemented within the framework of the research platform RP-PCP (www.rp-pcp.org)., and European Project: FED/2017394-443
Subjects: southern Africa, governance, well-being, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, local communities, participatory approach, futures, protected areas, recognition justice, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; Calling on the concept of environmental justice in its distributive, procedural and recognition dimensions, we implemented a coelaborative scenario building approach to explore sustainable livelihoods pathways in four sites belonging to two Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs) in southern Africa. Grounded on participation and transdisciplinarity, as a foundation for decolonised anticipatory action research, we aimed at stimulating knowledge exchange and providing insights on the future of local livelihoods engaging experts living within these TFCAs. Our results show that wildlife and wildlife-related activities are not seen as the primary drivers of local livelihoods, despite the focus and investments of dominant stakeholders in these sectors. Instead, local governance and land use regulations emerged as key drivers in the four study sites. The state of natural resources, including water, and appropriate farming systems also appeared critical to sustain future livelihoods in TFCAs, together with the recognition of indigenous culture, knowledge and value systems. Nature conservation, especially in Africa, is rooted in its colonial past and struggles to free or decolonise itself from the habits of this past despite decades of reconsideration. To date, the enduring coloniality of conservation prevents local citizens from truly participating in the planning and designing of the TFCAs they live in, leaving room for limited benefits to local citizens and often limiting Indigenous people's capacity to conserve. A practical way forward is to consider environmental justice as a cement between the two pillars of the TFCA concept, that is, nature conservation and socio-economic development of local or neighbouring communities, as part of a more broadly and urgent need to rethink the relationships between people in, and with, the rest of nature. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Published: 2023
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48. Effects of shade and deficit irrigation on maize growth and development in fixed and dynamic AgriVoltaic systems

Author: Isaac A. Ramos-Fuentes, Yassin Elamri, Bruno Cheviron, Cyril Dejean, Gilles Belaud, Damien Fumey, Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and This work is part of the R & D project 'Sun'Agri 3', supported by the PIA 2 (Programme d'investissement d'avenir) and ANRT (Association nationale de la recherche et de la technologie), under the ADEME (Agence de l'environnement et de la maitrise de l'energie) Grant Agreement N°1782C0103.
Subjects: AgriVoltaic systems, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Shading, AgriVoltaic systems Maize Shading Deficit irrigation Crop production, Soil Science, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Deficit irrigation, Crop production, Agronomy and Crop Science, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Maize
Abstract: International audience; Maize production is essential for global food security and represents a major supply in several value chains. However, the projected effects of climate change are likely to decrease drastically water availability for crops in many regions, affecting yield. AgriVoltaics (AV) systems are an innovative solution that may improve maize resilience in water-scarce regions mainly by protecting plants from excessive radiation and by reducing irrigation needs. However, shade from panels may also affect crop development and production. This study addresses the interplay between radiation transmission, crop development and irrigation needs of maize cropping in field conditions, by the description of crop development dynamics, distinguishing between fixed and dynamic panels. We showed that maize crop responded to both independent and combined stresses (shade and water deficit), with a significant decrease in leaf area index, total dry matter and grain yield. Concerning water use, we showed the potential of AV to reduce irrigation inputs (by up to 19-47% compared to unshaded plots) via reduced soil water depletion and reference evapotranspiration. The crop development was impacted by shade by increasing phyllochron and causing a generalized delay in phenology. At a finer temporal scale, we concluded that maize leaves react to shade by reducing stomatal conductance, net assimilation of CO2 and leaf temperature in a correlated way to radiation, opening the possibility to use this behavior to optimize water use and shading strategies. The spatial heterogeneities of radiation in fixed AV systems, compared to dynamic AV systems, were identified as a second-order effect at the plot level on leaf area index and phyllochron, compared to the effect of radiation reduction. Moreover, dynamic AV showed their ability to reduce the spatial heterogeneities in soil water depletion, showing the importance of controlled shade strategies in AV systems concerning water use.
Published: 2023
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49. The Norfolk Ridge: A Proximal Record of the Tonga‐Kermadec Subduction Initiation

Author: J. Collot, R. Sutherland, S. Etienne, M. Patriat, W. R. Roest, B. Marcaillou, C. Clerc, W. Stratford, N. Mortimer, C. Juan, A. Bordenave, P. Schnurle, D. Barker, S. Williams, S. Wolf, M. Crundwell, Service Géologique de Nouvelle Calédonie, Geological Survey of New Caledonia, Department of Industry Mines and Energy-Department of Industry Mines and Energy, Victoria University of Wellington, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Geo-Ocean (GEO-OCEAN), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), GNS Science [Lower Hutt], GNS Science, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Douglas Mental Health University Institute [Montréal], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), DIMENC/SGNC (SGNC), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Geophysics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract: Norfolk Ridge bounds the northeastern edge of the continent of Zealandia and is proximal to where Cenozoic Tonga-Kermadec subduction initiation occurred. We present and analyze new seismic reflection, bathymetric and rock data from Norfolk Ridge that show it is composed of a thick sedimentary succession and that it was formed and acquired its present-day ridge physiography and architecture during Eocene to Oligocene uplift, emergence and erosion. Contemporaneous subsidence of the adjacent New Caledonia Trough shaped the western slope of Norfolk Ridge and was accompanied by volcanism. Neogene extension along the eastern slope of Norfolk Ridge led to the opening of the Norfolk Basin. Our observations reveal little or no contractional deformation, in contrast to observations elsewhere in Zealandia, and are hence significant for understanding the mechanics of subduction initiation. We suggest that subduction nucleated north of Norfolk Ridge and propagated rapidly along the ridge during the period 40-35 Ma, giving it a linear and narrow shape. Slab roll-back following subduction initiation may have preserved the ridge and created its eastern flank. Our observations suggest that pre-existing structures, which were likely inherited from Cretaceous Gondwana subduction, were well-oriented to propagate rupture and create self-sustaining subduction. Key Points We present new marine geophysical and geological data of Norfolk Ridge located along the northeastern edge of the Zealandia continent We show that the ridge is not inherited from Cretaceous rifting that led to isolation of Zealandia but from the TECTA Cenozoic tectonic event Analysis of the structure and evolution of Norfolk Ridge underpins our understanding of tectonic processes of subduction initiation Plain Language Summary Plate tectonic theory established and proved that the surface of Earth is composed of rigid moving plates, but it remains unclear how and why these plates sometimes re-configure their boundaries and motions. Subduction zones are places where two plates converge and one plunges deep into the Earth beneath the other one. As the plate sinks, it drags the rest of the plate with it and acts as an engine that “pulls” the plate and drives horizontal motion. This is what drives the dynamics of plate tectonics. How are subduction zones created? This remains an open question, but we know from geological observations that new subduction zones do get created: more than half of all active subduction zones were created after the dinosaurs died out 65 million years ago. We present new observations from northern Zealandia (a submerged continent between New Zealand and New Caledonia) that document how one of the largest subduction zones on Earth, the Tonga-Kermadec system, started.
Published: 2023
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50. Saturation-excess overland flow in the European loess belt: An underestimated process?

Author: Valentin Landemaine, Olivier Cerdan, Thomas Grangeon, Rosalie Vandromme, Benoit Laignel, Olivier Evrard, Sébastien Salvador-Blanes, J. Patrick Laceby, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours (UT), Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), and ANR-16-CE03-0008,RICOCHET,Évaluation multirisques de territoires côtiers en contexte de changement global(2016)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Soil Science, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Agronomy and Crop Science, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: International audience; A major challenge in runoff and soil erosion modelling is the adequate representation of the most relevant processes in models while avoiding over parameterization. In the European loess belt, progressive soil crusting during rainfall events, resulting in infiltration-excess runoff, is usually considered the dominant process generating runoff on catchments covered with silty soils. Saturation-excess may also occur and affect their runoff and erosion behavior. However, saturation-excess runoff occurrence and quantification have rarely been performed and is usually not taken into account when modelling runoff and erosion in these environments. Accordingly, a continuous simulation of the Austreberthe catchment (214 km2), located in the European loess belt (Normandy, France), was conducted with the new Water and Sediment (WaterSed) model over 12 years, corresponding to more than 780 individual rainfall events, at a 25 m spatial resolution.The inter-annual variability of runoff and erosion was closely linked to the number of intense events per year and their distribution through the year. The model was properly calibrated over a representative set of 35 rainfall events, considering either infiltration-excess and/or saturation-excess runoff. It was also able to reproduce the measured runoff volume for most of the monitoring period. However, the three years with most rainfall were adequately modelled only including saturation-excess runoff. An analysis performed at the seasonal scale revealed that saturation was modelled in the catchment during almost all of the modelling period, suggesting the importance of this often overlooked process in current modelling attempts.
Published: 2023
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