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Abstract We aimed to look at the potential relationship between patterns of protein intake and risk of death in adults with type 2 diabetes. We included 4646 adults with type 2 diabetes participating in NHANES (1999–2018). We estimated intake of proteins from 11 animal- and plant-based food groups and then, used principal component analysis to explore data-driven patterns of protein intake. All-cause mortality was ascertained through linkage to National Death Index until December 31, 2019 (n = 969 deaths). Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Four dietary protein patterns were identified: “healthy” (high in proteins from legumes, fruits, nuts, seeds, and fish and low in red meat protein), “red meat and egg” (high in red meat and egg proteins and low in fish and poultry proteins), “vegetables/fish” and “dairy/nuts” patterns. The HRs of all-cause mortality for the highest compared to the lowest quartile of “healthy” and “red meat and egg” protein patterns were, respectively, 0.77 (95%CI: 0.62, 0.97; Ptrend = 0.014) and 1.28 (95%CI: 1.06, 1.54; Ptrend = 0.033). Greater adherence to a healthy protein pattern may be associated with a reduced risk of death in patients with type 2 diabetes, while greater adherence to a dietary pattern rich in red meat and egg proteins and low in fish and poultry proteins may be associated with a higher risk.

Abstract Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) residing in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are characterized by their pivotal roles in tumor progression, antitumor immunity, and TME remodeling. However, a thorough comparative characterization of tumor-TAM crosstalk across IDH-defined categories of glioma remains elusive, likely contributing to mixed outcomes in clinical trials. We delineated the phenotypic heterogeneity of TAMs across IDH-stratified gliomas. Notably, two TAM subsets with a mesenchymal phenotype were enriched in IDH-WT glioblastoma (GBM) and correlated with poorer patient survival and reduced response to anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI). We proposed SLAMF9 receptor as a potential therapeutic target. Inference of gene regulatory networks identified PPARG, ELK1, and MXI1 as master transcription factors of mesenchymal BMD-TAMs. Our analyses of reciprocal tumor-TAM interactions revealed distinct crosstalk in IDH-WT tumors, including ANXA1-FPR1/3, FN1-ITGAVB1, VEGFA-NRP1, and TNFSF12-TNFRSF12A with known contribution to immunosuppression, tumor proliferation, invasion and TAM recruitment. Spatially resolved transcriptomics further elucidated the architectural organization of highlighted communications. Furthermore, we demonstrated significant upregulation of ANXA1, FN1, NRP1, and TNFRSF12A genes in IDH-WT tumors using bulk RNA-seq and RT-qPCR. Longitudinal expression analysis of candidate genes revealed no difference between primary and recurrent tumors indicating that the interactive network of malignant states with TAMs does not drastically change upon recurrence. Collectively, our study offers insights into the unique cellular composition and communication of TAMs in glioma TME, revealing novel vulnerabilities for therapeutic interventions in IDH-WT GBM.

Given the critical role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the cause of cervical cancer and other malignancies, there is aneed for innovative approaches to preventing this infection. It has been shown that immunoinformatics is an importantstrategy in computational vaccinology. It is used to design new multi-epitope vaccines against different types of HPVand subsequent cervical cancer. This paper reviews the scope of the entire computational pipeline of HPV vaccinedesign, starting from data analysis at the genomic and proteomic levels and continuing to epitope predictions of theinnate and adaptive immune systems. The search strategy was based on investigating original articles published in“Google Scholar" and “PubMed" from 2015 to 2023-2024. The terms "Immunoinformatics", "Bioinformatics", "Humanpapillomavirus (HPV)", "Vaccine design", "In silico vaccine design", "Multi-epitope vaccine design", "Vaccinology" and"HPV vaccine" were used to for this purpose. We discussed various essential tools involved in the computationaldesign of the vaccine process, e.g., sequence analysis, epitope prediction, conservancy analysis, tertiary structuremodeling, refinement, molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and in silico cloning. This reviewarticle describes immunoinformatics methods that facilitate the design of a multi-epitope vaccine against HPV.However, this pipeline can also be used to design novel chimeric vaccines for other pathogens.

Feminist criticism emphasizes the position of women within society. The novel Alati Ta’ud al Salalim (She who counts the staircases) was authored by the Omani author Hoda Hamed. In her novel, she takes a critical approach to women’s position in society critically in her novel, addressingconcepts like social class inequality among women, cultural challenges they face, and masculine dominance. The present study aims to investigate this novel based on four gynocriticism models that Elaine Showalter has proposed: biological, linguistic, psychoanalytic, and cultural. The objective of this study is to provide an answer to the following inquiry: “how does the writer reflect women’s components in her novel?” She has brought up concerns regarding childbirth, female circumcision, and pregnancy, considering the biological model. In terms of the psychoanalytic model, she has made reference to bipolar disorder, obsessions, compulsions, and sleep. Hamed has produced an exemplary and enlightening piece by utilizing noticeable linguistic characteristics, including vocabulary and Arabic dialect, to address women’s concerns and cultural challenges, like women trafficking and physical abuse. According to the findings of the research, she has effectively identified women who are concerned with the social and cultural issues of women. Furthermore, its feministic nature is confirmed by the high frequency with which the components of Showalter’s model appear in the novel under study. The narrative places such an emphasis on the cultural dimension of women that fundamental and profound cultural concerns are overshadowed by biological and psychoanalytic issues.

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) poses treatment challenges, with treatment response and disease outcome often determined by the immune response, particularly mononuclear phagocytes. Monocytes can differentiate into various subpopulations influenced by AHR. Statins, known for inflammation modulation, may impact monocyte function via AHR activation. This study explored rosuvastatin (RSV)’s effects on monocyte subtypes, inflammatory markers, and AHR in CHB patients. Fifteen CHB patients were randomly assigned to receive either 20 mg RSV or a placebo daily for three months. Flow cytometry assessed CD14+ CD16− (classical), CD14+ CD16+ (intermediate), and CD14dim CD16+ (patrolling) monocyte subtypes, along with AHR levels in each subset. ELISA quantified cytokines IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-10, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-1β. RSV expanded CD14+ CD16− classical and reduced CD14+ CD16+ intermediate monocytes in CHB patients while increasing AHR+ cell percentages in all subsets. RSV treatment upregulated key AHR target genes (Cyp1a1, Cyp1b1, and ARNT), indicating robust AHR signaling activation. It also reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-6, IFNγ, IL-12, TNF-α) and elevated anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β). Thus, RSV may modulate the immune response by altering monocyte subtypes in CHB patients via AHR activation.

Abstract In the context of Turkiye’s most recent parliamentary and presidential elections (“seçim” in Turkish), social media has played an important role in shaping public debate. It is of utmost importance to capture social media trends during the 2023 Turkish elections, since it uncovers a great deal of information of election propaganda, political debates, smear campaigns, and election manipulation by domestic and international actors. We provide a comprehensive dataset for social media researchers to study Turkish elections, develop tools to prevent online manipulation, and gather novel information to inform the public. We are committed to continually improving the data collection and updating it regularly leading up to the election. Using the #Secim2023 dataset, researchers can examine the social and communication networks between political actors, track current trends, and investigate emerging threats to election integrity. Our dataset and analysis code available through Harvard Dataverse and Github, respectively.

Purpose: One of the most effective tools in enhancing the efficiency of the capital market is transparency in information. A lack of transparency poses significant risks to investors. Effects of reduced transparency in capital information include fraudulent practices and inadequate financial reporting. This study aims to investigate the causes of anomalies in corporations and their impact on the transparency of capital market information. Method: This research employs a qualitative approach grounded in the foundations of data theory. Qualitative data collection relies on a judicious selection of ten legal cases pertaining to the transgressions of stock companies adjudicated in the criminal courts of Tehran during the years 2013 to 2019. The purposive sampling technique is applied, and qualitative data analysis is executed through a systematic data plan grounded in foundational principles. Consequently, the elicited concepts undergo a multistage assessment encompassing open, axial, and selective coding. Findings: The codes identified in relation to causal conditions are organized into four overarching categories, comprising 31 sub-categories. In the pursuit of elevating capital market transparency, mitigating impediments within the business milieu, minimizing government ownership, and rescinding obligatory market interventions, the identified causative factors are categorized into three primary domains, encompassing 25 sub-categories. These factors illuminate the inadequacy of punitive and repressive measures in curbing transgressions and irregularities within the stock and securities markets. Consequently, the implementation of proactive and deterrent mechanisms emerges as a fundamental instrument for enhancing capital market transparency. Underlying causes are classified into three primary categories, housing six sub-categories. These underpinning factors underscore the necessity of amalgamating education-driven and awareness-enhancing initiatives, with the objective of bolstering financial literacy and inculcating principles of equity ownership. Furthermore, these factors spotlight the importance of averting the characterization of individuals as malefactors in the capital market. Weaknesses in internal monitoring mechanisms, such as lapses in the appointment of internal auditors and audit committees, engender an environment conducive to fraudulent activities. This, in turn, results in a diminishment of financial reporting quality and a reduction in the transparency of information disclosed by corporate entities, thereby augmenting market risk. Conclusion: The utilization of market regulation measures will significantly contribute to transparency in the capital market. This is because minimal and minimalistic criminal measures in the business sector not only prevent irregularities but also prevent the productive sectors of the economy from becoming inefficient.

Background and Aim: The prison system in Iran is considered to be a part of sanctions that restrict or restrict freedom. Judiciary authorities use it repeatedly and irregularly due to the numerous prison-oriented laws, until now, all kinds of methods of reducing imprisonment have not been able to remove this punishment of deprivation of liberty from the circle of judges. The prison system aims to help reduce the return of prisoners and create security in society through the correct implementation of prison sentences in such a way that dangerous criminals and those who must be removed from it to protect society are reformed and those for whom prison is not their place and is due to coercion. The law is designed to prevent serious harm from being together with other criminals or staying away from family and society. Research Methodology: This qualitative research has been done in a descriptive-analytical method, relying on international instruments and studying national laws and regulations in the form of documents and libraries. Findings and Conclusion: Therefore, in this system, special regulations regarding prisoner services, legal friendships, prisoner employment, clarifying the duration of the prisoner's presence and programs during imprisonment, and the ways to get out of it have been discussed.

Abstract Background The need for intelligent and effective treatment of diseases and the increase in drug design costs have raised drug repurposing as one of the effective strategies in biomedicine. There are various computational methods for drug repurposing, one of which is using transcription signatures, especially single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data, which show us a clear and comprehensive view of the inside of the cell to compare the state of disease and health. Methods In this study, we used 91,103 scRNA-seq samples from 29 patients with colorectal cancer (GSE144735 and GSE132465). First, differential gene expression (DGE) analysis was done using the ASAP website. Then we reached a list of drugs that can reverse the gene signature pattern from cancer to normal using the iLINCS website. Further, by searching various databases and articles, we found 12 drugs that have FDA approval, and so far, no one has reported them as a drug in the treatment of any cancer. Then, to evaluate the cytotoxicity and performance of these drugs, the MTT assay and real-time PCR were performed on two colorectal cancer cell lines (HT29 and HCT116). Results According to our approach, 12 drugs were suggested for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Four drugs were selected for biological evaluation. The results of the cytotoxicity analysis of these drugs are as follows: tezacaftor (IC10 = 19 µM for HCT-116 and IC10 = 2 µM for HT-29), fenticonazole (IC10 = 17 µM for HCT-116 and IC10 = 7 µM for HT-29), bempedoic acid (IC10 = 78 µM for HCT-116 and IC10 = 65 µM for HT-29), and famciclovir (IC10 = 422 µM for HCT-116 and IC10 = 959 µM for HT-29). Conclusions Cost, time, and effectiveness are the main challenges in finding new drugs for diseases. Computational approaches such as transcriptional signature-based drug repurposing methods open new horizons to solve these challenges. In this study, tezacaftor, fenticonazole, and bempedoic acid can be introduced as promising drug candidates for the treatment of colorectal cancer. These drugs were evaluated in silico and in vitro, but it is necessary to evaluate them in vivo.

From a cognitive linguistics viewpoint, metaphor not only is a linguistic process but also is connected with human thought and we can be aware of the speaker's method of thought with it. The main cognitive application of metaphor is to provide an understanding of an abstract concept through a more tangible concept. Then it plays a significant role in the determination of mystical concepts. One of the main and fundamental issues in religious literature is the concept of "Love" due to its abstractness, it is expressed generally at the framework of conceptual metaphor. Imam Ali has used this art structure in Nahj Al-Balagheh as a tool to understand abstract concepts. Therefore, in the current study, those metaphorical statements containing the concept of "Love" are extracted from Nahj Al-Balagheh's speeches adapting a quality approach and analytical-descriptive method and they were analyzed and studied based on cognitive metaphorical theory. The conceptual metaphor has been categorized from different aspects. Metaphors in the first category are studied from the role viewpoint (structural, ontological, and orientational), and in the second category from the nature viewpoint (propositional, pictorial-schematic, and pictorial). According to the results of this study, Imam Ali made the abstract concept of "love" understandable for the audiences at the cognitive metaphorical framework, schema, and tangible and objective areas of destination. In structural metaphors, he depicted the concept of "love" using "Hijab", "Disease", "Commodity", and "Object' as the areas of origin for the audiences. The ontological metaphors play an important role in the description of the "love" concept and the sentences implied it. He tried to stabilize its meaning in the mind of the audience by objectification to abstract concepts, sometimes using description and animatism. He used the volumetric schema for conceptualization of the "love" and introduced the love of God internalized in the angels' beings as the cup of love. On the other place imagined the concept of "guidance" as a place where its doors are open for the entrance of lovers and the people should use this opportunity, to enter the atmosphere of divine mercy, and be on the way of guidance before the door is closed. Imam Ali at a motion schema used the motion that is an inevitable and objective behavior of every person to do daily affairs to describe the concept of "love". In such a way, using "God" visualization at a place framework, encouraged the God lovers to step and move toward the path of salvation through jihad and fighting which is a means to reach the true god.

Abstract Background It has been demonstrated in the literature that a dysbiotic microbiome could have a negative impact on the host immune system and promote disease onset or exacerbation. Co-occurrence networks have been widely adopted to identify biomarkers and keystone taxa in the pathogenesis of microbiome-related diseases. Despite the promising results that network-driven approaches have led to in various human diseases, there is a dearth of research pertaining to key taxa that contribute to the pathogenesis of lung cancer. Therefore, our primary goal in this study is to explore co-existing relationships among members of the lung microbial community and any potential gained or lost interactions in lung cancer. Results Using integrative and network-based approaches, we integrated four studies assessing the microbiome of lung biopsies of cancer patients. Differential abundance analyses showed that several bacterial taxa are different between tumor and tumor-adjacent normal tissues (FDR adjusted p-value

Abstract Background P4 medicine (predict, prevent, personalize, and participate) is a new approach to diagnosing and predicting diseases on a patient-by-patient basis. For the prevention and treatment of diseases, prediction plays a fundamental role. One of the intelligent strategies is the design of deep learning models that can predict the state of the disease using gene expression data. Results We create an autoencoder deep learning model called DeeP4med, including a Classifier and a Transferor that predicts cancer's gene expression (mRNA) matrix from its matched normal sample and vice versa. The range of the F1 score of the model, depending on tissue type in the Classifier, is from 0.935 to 0.999 and in Transferor from 0.944 to 0.999. The accuracy of DeeP4med for tissue and disease classification was 0.986 and 0.992, respectively, which performed better compared to seven classic machine learning models (Support Vector Classifier, Logistic Regression, Linear Discriminant Analysis, Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, Random Forest, K Nearest Neighbors). Conclusions Based on the idea of DeeP4med, by having the gene expression matrix of a normal tissue, we can predict its tumor gene expression matrix and, in this way, find effective genes in transforming a normal tissue into a tumor tissue. Results of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) and enrichment analysis on the predicted matrices for 13 types of cancer showed a good correlation with the literature and biological databases. This led that by using the gene expression matrix, to train the model with features of each person in a normal and cancer state, this model could predict diagnosis based on gene expression data from healthy tissue and be used to identify possible therapeutic interventions for those patients.

Abstract Background Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) could be classified as 5q and non-5q, based on the chromosomal location of causative genes. A rare form of non-5q SMA is an autosomal-recessive condition called spinal muscular atrophy with progressive myoclonic epilepsy (SMA-PME), phenotypically characterized by myoclonic and generalized seizures with progressive neurological deterioration. SMA-PME is a clinically heterogeneous disorder that arises from biallelic pathogenic variants in ASAH1 gene. Methods Following clinical and primary laboratory assessments, whole-exome sequencing was performed to detect the disease-causing variants in three cases of SMA-PME from different families. Also, Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was employed for determining the copy numbers of SMN1 and SMN2 genes to rule out 5q SMA. Results Exome sequencing revealed two different homozygous missense mutations (c.109 C > A [p.Pro37Thr] or c.125 C > T [p.Thr42Met]) in exon 2 of the ASAH1 gene in the affected members of the families. Sanger sequencing of the other family members showed the expected heterozygous carriers. In addition, no clinically relevant variant was identified in patients by MLPA. Conclusion This study describes two different ASAH1 mutations and the clinical picture of 3 SMA-PME patients. In addition, previously reported mutations have been reviewed. This study could help to fortify the database of this rare disease with more clinical and genomic data.

This study investigated into the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Origanum onites essential oil (OEO) and the application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on Iranian white cheese quality during storage at 4°C for 45 days. OEO contains 28.43 ± 0.34 mg GAE/g dw and exhibited antioxidant and antimicrobial activity in in vitro tests. Iranian white cheese inoculated with Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus followed by the addition of OEO at two concentrations of 2000 and 3000 ppm, and then treated by CAP for 3 and 7 min. Samples were stored at 4°C. pH, thiobarbituric acid value (TBA), L∗, a∗, b∗ color indexes, microbial count, and sensory properties of cheese samples were evaluated on days 0, 7, 15, 30, and 45. The pH value, L∗, a∗, b∗ indexes and sensorial properties of all samples decreased over time, while the TBA value and bacterial count increased. The physiochemical, microbial, and sensorial findings suggested that a combination of OEO (2500 ppm) and CAP (3 min) could be helpful in the induction of microbial growth and oxidative reactions in Iranian white cheese.

Burn injuries are considered an important public health problem in the world. Burns are considered the fourth most common kind of trauma in the world, after traffic accidents, falls, and interpersonal violence. Various biochemical agents are involved in the burn healing process such as cytokines (such as IL-6 and TNF-α), antioxidants, and liver and kidney damage biomarkers. Cichorium intybus L. and milk thistle extracts showed a wide range of pharmacological activities such as significant antimicrobial effect and antioxidant activity, as well as anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiproliferative, antiprotozoal, and hepatoprotective effect. Also, these two herbs possess blood-cleansing, detoxifying, laxative, and invigorating activities. Some research confirmed that the preparations of the extract are very suitable for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This is a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Patients with 2nd and 3rd degree burns have been selected to participate in the study according to the inclusion criteria. A total of 60 patients were selected and divided into intervention and control groups (30 patients in each group). Patients in the intervention group received chicory seed syrup 10 cc three times a day and 1 placebo capsule, and those in the control group received placebo syrup (10 cc three times a day) and one Livergol (140 mg of silymarin in each capsule) capsule. Lab data such as liver function tests, albumin, creatinine, BUN, and hemoglobin were checked every 3 days and 1 week after discharge. The treatment lasted for 4 weeks. According to the results of the study, although the average of liver enzymes at the end of the study does not show a significant difference between the two groups, the level of liver enzymes in each group decreased on the 15th day of the study compared to the first day. This trial is registered with IRCT20180609040016N1.

Background and purpose: There are many studies on the health effects of dietary advice and physical activity in pregnancy while only a few reported the effects of simultaneous administration of motivational interviewing, dietary advice, and physical activity on neonatal outcome in pregnant women with metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study was designed to examine the effects of these interventions on fetal-neonatal outcome in pregnant women with MetS. Materials and methods: A randomized, single‑blind, controlled clinical trial was performed in 120 pregnant women with metabolic syndrome at 15- 20 weeks of gestation in two hospitals in Babol, north of Iran, 2018. The participants were allocated into two groups (n= 60 per group) using blocking randomization and were followed up until the end of pregnancy. Fetal-neonatal outcomes were compared between the two groups from week 32 of pregnancy. The interventional program included one motivational interview, two nutrition consultation sessions, and three sessions of physical activity (per week). The control group received routine care. Demographic and fertility characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical and pregnancy outcomes were recorded. Data analysis was done applying independent t test, ANOVA, and logistic regression. Results: The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome was found to be significantly lower in intervention group (3.7%) compared with the control group (14.5%) at the end of the pregnancy (P=0.01). Conclusion: Dietary recommendations, motivational interviewing, and physical activity in pregnant women with MetS during prenatal care can be used as safe and practical interventions to prevent respiratory distress syndrome. (Clinical Trials Registry Number: IRCT2017042333070N1)

Abstract During Iraq-Iran conflict, chemical weapons, particularly SM gas, were used numerous times, whose aftereffects are still present. This study aimed to compare serum proteome in the chronic ML (n = 10) and HC (n = 10). TMT label-based quantitative proteomics was used to examine serums from two groups. Among total significant proteins, 14 proteins were upregulated (log2 ≥ FC 0.5, p 0.05), and 6 proteins were downregulated (log2 ≤ FC − 0.5, p 0.05). By helping PPI network, and EA, 11 main pathways connected to significantly different protein expression levels were discovered, including inflammatory and cell adhesion signaling pathways. It may be deduced that the wounded organs of exposed individuals experience poor repair cycles of cell degeneration and regeneration because certain repair signals were elevated while other structural and adhesion molecules were downregulated. The systems biology approach can help enhance our basic knowledge of biological processes, and contribute to a deeper understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms, as well as the identification of potential biomarkers of disease.

Precise prognostic classification of patients and identifying survival subgroups and their associated genes can be important clinical references when designing treatment strategies for cancer patients. Multi-omics and data integration techniques are powerful tools to achieve this goal. This study aimed to introduce a machine learning method to integrate three types of biological data, and investigate the performance of two other methods, in identifying the survival dependency of patients. The data included TCGA RNA-seq gene expression, DNA methylation, and clinical data from 368 patients with colon cancer also we use an independent external validation data set, containing 232 samples. Three methods including, hyper-parameter optimized autoencoders (HPOAE), normal autoencoder, and penalized principal component analysis (PPCA) were used for simultaneous data integration and estimation under a COX hazards model. The HPOAE was thought to outperform other methods. The HPOAE had the Log Rank Mantel-Cox value of 14.27 ± 2, and a Breslow-Generalized Wilcoxon value of 13.13 ± 1. Ten miRNA, 11 methylated genes, and 28 mRNA all by (importance of marginal cutoff > 0.95) were identified. The study demonstrated that hsa-miR-485-5p targets both ZMYM1 and tp53, the latter of which has been previously associated with cancer in numerous studies. Furthermore, compared to other methods, the HPOAE exhibited a greater capacity for identifying survival subgroups and the genes associated with them in patients with colon cancer. However, all of the results were obtained by computational methods, and clinical and experimental studies are needed to validate these results.

In criminal proceeding, the victim participation as a precondition of enforcement of law is very important. The comparative study of victims participation in various generations of criminal courts and their effectiveness from new developments of criminal justice specially the restorative justice, will help us to understand the approach of these courts towards victim participation in international criminal law. The end of cold war and aftermath developments in the regions like Rwanda and ex-Yugoslavia resulted to shaping international criminal tribunals. After making International Criminal Court some cases in Africa refer to ICC, and the proceed African cases in ICC result the unhappy of some African head of states. Meanwhile, the matter of reparations of damages to victims due to international crimes became very important. The experiences of restorative justice can be a good model for criminal justice and reparation of damages and victim participation in Africa. In this article the legal developments of protection of international crimes victims and the lessons that can be a model for protection of victims rights will examined.

Chan et al. develop an open-source smartphone-based tympanometer to evaluate middle ear function. The authors test their device in a group of paediatric patients at an audiology clinic and report a high level of agreement in audiologists’ classification of tympanograms produced using this device compared with a commercial device.

Language is a translation of imagination and mental concepts, so the connection between language and translation is an irrefutable fact. Applicability as a subbranch of morphology studies examines some of the speeches inside context. Speech act is one of the most important applicability concepts, which is somehow related to discourse analysis since discourse is a series of speech acts. Because of the importance of this topic, writers want to compare the translation of speech acts in Maryam Surah based on translations of 5 different translators, Ghomshei, Khorramshahi, Fouladvand, Saffarzadeh and Makarem Shirazi by a descriptive-analytic method. One of the results of this research is that translators did well in translating direct speech act like direct and true imperative action and promissory act, but in the translation of declarative, emotional, persuasive, and especially interrogative actions, which sometimes deviate from their original meaning due to rhetorical reasons, they performed poorly and in some cases did not even convey the meaning to the reader and just paid attention to the syntactic structure of the verse. The other result is that these translations didn’t pay attention to the context and important elements in speech like speaker, audience and message and time, and place and also didn’t use important ways of transmitting speech act, especially indirect speech acts such as punctuation marks and some syntactical and musical norms of the Qur'an.

Applying a constant electric field on a suspended film of liquid that carries an electric current, either by the transport of ions or surface charges, induces a rotation in the film. This system is known as “liquid film motor”. So far, the effect of permittivity of the liquid on its rotation has been ignored. We showed that the permittivity of the liquid can significantly affect the dynamics of rotation. Using an experimental approach, we studied the liquid film rotation for a broad range of pure liquids with diverse permittivities and surface tensions. We observed two different regimes of rotation depending on the permittivity of the liquids. We also found that there is no correlation between the surface tension of the liquid and the angular velocity of the rotation. We considered a theoretical framework and suggested scenarios to explain our experimental observations. These results help in better understanding the physics of liquid film motors and suggest opportunities for new flow manipulation techniques at small scales.

Abstract A liquid film that is under the action of two electric forces, an external electric field parallel to the film and a lateral voltage difference applied to both edges of the film, exhibits a universal rotational flow. In this article, we revisit this phenomena by considering an idealized so-called liquid-film motor and provide a theoretical description of the underlying physical mechanism that is responsible for the rotation. Based on this theory, the external electric field induces a non-uniform distribution of freely moving charges on the film. Then the internal field that is mainly resulted from the lateral voltage difference, will exert forces on induced charges and subsequently will result the rotational flow. We show, how the fields contribute in developing a universal flow pattern.

The judgment post stratification is a method of stratification of observation by using a key variable, such that stratification will be done after selecting the sample. In this paper, this method will use in two stage cluster sampling. In other words, instead of simple random sampling without replacement, we use the judgment post stratification method and the generalized judgment post stratification method in second stage of two stage cluster sampling, and obtain new estimators of the population mean. Finally, the proposed estimators are compared to usual two stage cluster simple random sampling estimator of the population mean by Monte Carlo simulation studies on a set of real data and generated data from symmetric and asymmetric distributions. The results of simulation study show that, in most cases, the proposed estimators have better performance than the mean of two stage cluster simple random sample../files/site1/files/72/17Abstract.pdf

Abstract Flow pumping in viscous fluids is of prime importance in micro-fluidic applications. Here we show that a single colloidal particle in front of a soft wall, manipulated by external means like an optical tweezer, can pump the ambient viscous fluid. The particle, moving back and forth parallel to the soft wall, can produce an averaged net flow in a direction perpendicular to the wall. Using a perturbative scheme, we present the results. Analysis show that this flow in terms of capillary number, scales as $${\text {Ca}}^2$$ Ca 2 .

Correction to: Effect of Motivational Interviewing, Dietary Advice, and Physical Activity on Fetal-Neonatal Outcome in Pregnant Women with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial Farideh Mohsenzadeh-ledari1, Zahra Motaghi2, Ziba Taghizadeh3, Afsaneh Keramat4, Ali Najafi5, Mahmood Moosazadeh6, Shahla Yazdani7 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 2 Associate Professor, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran 3 Associate Professor, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran 4 Professor, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran 5 Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran 6 Associate Professor, Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 7 Assistant Professor, Department of Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Corresponding Author: Farideh Mohsenzadeh-ledari - Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. (E-mail: mohsenzadh2008@gmail.com) In the article published in volume 32, issue 214, 2022, the correspondence address of Farideh Mohsenzadeh-ledari was published incorrectly, which is now corrected.

In all the languages of the world, some words and expressions indicate an unpleasant and impolite concept, which are called "linguistic taboos" or "rhetoric" and are generally avoided from their obvious and direct use. Examination of the "Mokhtarnameh" TV series indicates the use of a significant number of these taboos; In light of this, what is important for the authors of this article is to identify and extract the desired interpretations in the series in the first step, and in the next step, the authors identify techniques used in the translation of this series by a qualitative approach and descriptive-analytical method, evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the translation by criticizing and examining the inputs of Persian taboos in the Arabic dubbing of the TV series, and present the result to the audience. The result indicates that the translation of the taboos used in the TV series under study can be defined, formatted, and recognized by the most important linguistic strategies in constructing euphemism, including semantic implication, semantic expansion, permissible, omission, reduction, duplication, contradiction, and literal or semantic translations. Another conclusion is that using the method of reduction and contradiction, respectively, has been the most frequent and least frequent strategies in translating the studied TV series.

In the present age by Getting more complicated of human and social intercommunications the more needs to present of lawyers to make balance at justice, lawyers activities have so many benefits such as transparency in the proceeding and avoid mistakes. A lawyer should have competent skills beside of independency and safety in their profession. Unfortunately lawyers have confronted many obstacles which constrain their independency and safety during and after the defense and these issue changes the advocacy rights of accused person. These obstacles such as note of article 48 of the code of criminal procedure have caused guild discrimination in addition of deprivation of accused person from having a competent lawyer. Also issuing lawyer’s license by judiciary bar which is a dependent organization to the judiciary, not only didn’t make the situation better but the move was backward which caused weakening of independent bar association. Practical analysis also shows that these issues have caused separation between advocacy and judiciary organizations and the solution is the concentrate of judiciary on courts affairs not interference at advocacy affairs.

Background and Objective: Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer after prostate (breast in women) and lung cancer; it is also the third cause of cancer deaths reported in both men and women in 2020. Currently, the most commonly used diagnostic tools for CRC are colonoscopy, serological methods, and other imaging techniques. Despite the benefits and abilities of these methods, each of them has disadvantages that reduce its functionality and acceptance. The aim of this study was identifying specific and non-invasive genetic biomarkers to diagnose colorectal cancer. Methods & Material: In this study, changes in the expression of HLTF and SEPT9 genes were evaluated by Real Time PCR in blood and tissue samples of CRC patients. A total of 100 samples (50 Blood and 50 Tissue samples) were evaluated with a definite diagnosis of CRC in Firoozgar Hspital, Tehran, Iran, in 2018. The QPCR method was used to compare the expression of candidate genes between the patients group and control group in both samples. Sensitivity and specificity of the test were examined using ROC curve analysis. Results: The results showed a significant down-regulation in the expression of both selected genes in tissue and peripheral blood in the various stages of the CRC. The sensitivity and specifity of both genes was about 80%. Conclusion: The findings showed that the two candidate genes can be suggested as specific biomarkers for diagnosis of CRC using the peripheral blood as a non-invasive method. For a definite conclusion, more research is needed.

The critical aesthetic theory of Frankfurt school regards art as an independent field and emphasizes its genuineness. According to this theory, success of a work of art depends on irreconcilability to compatibilities and disapproval of them. Ali Ahmad Saeid, a contemporary Arab poet, has been considered as a modernist in Arabic literature, and he has tried to use new language structures to experience new poetry. His critical language shakes the dominant ruling system and reveals the contrasts in the society. He tries to create a society based on justice, freedom and thinking. This research seeks to review Adonis's critical poetry in his anthology based on critical linguistics and the conceptual analysis method. The chapters of his book of poems challenge the events in the society, raise public awareness and awaken the society so as to criticize the current turbulent situation freely. The research gives evidence that the poet not only believes in the independence of poets of the government or certain people but also regards this as a poet’s duty to stand against any force which restricts him.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of internal factors of the company on the Tobin's Q ration and the value of companies admitted in Tehran Securities Exchange Stock Exchange with the approach of structural equation modeling. In this study the effect of corporate governance, capital structure and profit sharing policy as internal variables on corporate value was investigated. This research is practical in terms of goal. Statistical population of the present study is the companies accepted in the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2012 to 2016. Among them, 161 companies were selected as sample through systematic elimination. After finding to fit the acceptable model of ‏ measurement and structure of the research, the results showed that internal variables have a positive effect on the Tobin's Q ratio. Among the internal variables, the return-sharing policy has the most impact on the Tobin's Q ratio. The Tobin's Q ratio can mediate the relationship between local variables and the corporate value.

BackgroundResearch on perceived school safety has been largely limited to studies conducted in Western countries and there has been a lack of large-scale cross-national studies on the topic.MethodsThe present study examined the occurrence of adolescents who felt unsafe at school and the associated factors of perceived school safety in 13 Asian and European countries. The data were based on 21,688 adolescents aged 13-15 (11,028 girls, 10,660 boys) who completed self-administered surveys between 2011 and 2017. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.FindingsThe number of adolescents who felt unsafe at school varied widely across countries, with a mean occurrence of 31.4% for the total sample: 31.3% for girls, and 31.1% for boys. The findings revealed strong independent associations between feeling unsafe and individual and school-related factors, such as being bullied, emotional and behavioral problems and feeling that teachers did not care. The study also found large variations in perceived school safety between schools in many countries.ConclusionThe findings emphasize the need to create safe educational environments for all students, based on positive relationships with teachers and peers. School-based interventions to prevent bullying and promote mental health should be a natural part of school safety promotion.

Este estudio emplea un estudio de mapeo sistemático para analizar publicaciones sobre evaluación del desempeño de la biblioteca con análisis por envoltura de datos (DEA, por sus siglas en inglés). La revisión se basa en una búsqueda exhaustiva en la literatura académica que incluye bases de datos científicas de Scopus y Web of Science. Se seleccionaron 44 artículos publicados entre 1997 y 2018 como el núcleo del estudio. Los resultados muestran que los estudios publicados son realizados principalmente por especialistas en economía, administración, ingeniería y apenas por especialistas en bibliotecología y ciencias de la información. Curiosamente, una gran cantidad de los estudios se llevan a cabo en Taiwán y los Estados Unidos con un enfoque específico en la evaluación del desempeño de las bibliotecas universitarias. Los resultados de este estudio identifican lagunas en términos de técnicas, métodos y procesos utilizados para evaluar el rendimiento de las bibliotecas. Identificar estas brechas puede ayudar a los investigadores de las Ciencias de la Información y Bibliotecología a prestar más atención a la investigación sobre la evaluación del desempeño de las bibliotecas. Además, el estudio identifica las variables clave de entrada y salida en la evaluación del desempeño de las bibliotecas.

One of the most important issues in the national and international arena in recent decades, especially in the present era, is the issue of the drug phenomenon and its harmful effects on human societies. All societies and most governments agree that drugs and crime As a result, it poses a serious threat to the human race. However, you have to think of a solution to this sinister phenomenon. The solutions that have been implemented in recent years have been based on a kind of criminal strictness in punishments. Thus, the main policy of the deterrence view is to threaten or enforce criminal penalties to reduce the motive for the crime; That is, the use of punishment as a deterrent that prevents the offender from repeating the crime and also reduces the motivation of others to commit the same crime in general. In Iran's anti-narcotics criminal law, too, a strict approach has always been taken towards drug offenders and with severe punishments of deprivation of liberty and deprivation of life. However, in recent years, a fundamental question has been raised in this regard, whether the imposition of severe punishments such as execution and life imprisonment, etc., has had the effect of deterring the commission of drug-related crimes? In the present article, which has been done in a descriptive-analytical method, using library resources and texts, with the aim of explaining and explaining the deterrence of severe punishments related to drug crimes, and in this regard, different dimensions of the issue in terms of field, statistics, policy The criminological and sociological studies have concluded that the intensification of punishment does not play a significant role in crime prevention and that recognizing the causes of crime and adopting preventive and corrective approaches is more necessary and effective than necessary. In this article, in addition to brief references to the purposes of punishment, deterrence as one of the most famous and oldest theories of justification of punishment and its types, the subject of this type of application is severely restrained. Punishments do not in principle have the effect of deterring drug-related crimes, and it is better for the legislature to pay more attention to non-criminal methods of prevention.

There are a plenty of templates and styles for the comic genre of writing. One of these templates is karikalamator, a kind of writing stunt from a different point of view to highlight the contradictions of the world and the phenomena in it. Among contemporary Arab comedians, Ahmad Matar is one of the most prolific and famous authors in this field. As a committed poet, in his poems, he recreates his subjects in his poems and presents the spiritual conflicts and inconsistencies of speech and action to his audience. In his caricatures, he uses some tools and strategies like alliteration, personification, simile, allusion, Irony, paradox, antonomasia, and half-truth. In this article using a descriptive-analytical method, first, the samples of his karikalamator are presented in the poems of Ahmad Matar as a master of this technique in the contemporary Arabic literature. Then, the strategies that have been used by the poet are categorized and described. Since Ahmad Matar was a caricature designer, some cartoons and caricature patterns have been attached to his karikalamator to show the visual capability of his karikalamator. The results of the research reveal that Ahmad Matar utilizes karikalamator as a method to show the existing contradictions and differences on the one hand and to unmask the reality of inactive and garrulous governors as well as the indifference and incuriosity of Arab citizens on the other hand. In this regard, he dreams of the ignominy of governors and betterment of the people of his land.

In recent decades, high-ranking and prominent people in the country have used terms and expressions in their interviews and speeches that due to their relatively high semantic load were welcomed by many Persian speakers and became prevalent in the Iranian society. These terms and expression have also been reflected in the Arabic and foreign language media, and by interpreting the news, sometimes several Arabic equivalents have been presented for a specific term, the identification, critique and study of which are of special importance. Considering the importance of the issue, the present research tries to identify and extract the latest and most important interpretations and common terms in the political and social literature of the country, and evaluate the performance of those media in translating the above-mentioned terms based on Ivir’s model, using an inductive-analytical method. The statistical population of this study are: Al-Alam, Al-Kawthar, ISNA, IRNA and Khamenei news agencies. The foreign news agencies studied include: Al-Arab, Al-Jazeera, Al-Yawm Al-Sabeeh, Al-Hayah, Al-Ghad, Al-Sharq Al-Awsat, Al-Watan, Al-Ahram, Al-Dastour, Al-Rayya, Al-Ittihad and Al-Maaref. One of the most important findings of this study is that the domestic Arabic-language news agencies have the fewest "borrowings" and the most "deletions", and in contrast, the foreign Arabic-language news agencies have the fewest "deletions" and the most "replacements" in translating the interpretations and terms in question.

Abstract Background asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are three serious pulmonary diseases that contain common and unique characteristics. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers that differentiate these diseases is of importance for preventing misdiagnosis. In this regard, the present study aimed to identify the disorders at the early stages, based on lung transcriptomics data and drug-target interactions. Methods To this end, the differentially expressed genes were found in each disease. Then, WGCNA was utilized to find specific and consensus gene modules among the three diseases. Finally, the disease-disease similarity was analyzed, followed by determining candidate drug-target interactions. Results The results confirmed that the asthma lung transcriptome was more similar to COPD than IPF. In addition, the biomarkers were found in each disease and thus were proposed for further clinical validations. These genes included RBM42, STX5, and TRIM41 in asthma, CYP27A1, GM2A, LGALS9, SPI1, and NLRC4 in COPD, ATF3, PPP1R15A, ZFP36, SOCS3, NAMPT, and GADD45B in IPF, LRRC48 and CETN2 in asthma-COPD, COL15A1, GIMAP6, and JAM2 in asthma-IPF and LMO7, TSPAN13, LAMA3, and ANXA3 in COPD-IPF. Finally, analyzing drug-target networks suggested anti-inflammatory candidate drugs for treating the above mentioned diseases. Conclusion In general, the results revealed the unique and common biomarkers among three chronic lung diseases. Eventually, some drugs were suggested for treatment purposes.

The association between non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is now well established, as people with COPD are more likely to develop lung carcinoma. However, the evidence for this relationship is inconclusive and there is currently little information on the underlying molecular mechanisms. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are one of the regulatory factors in NSCLC and COPD that their functions are widely studied in many chronic diseases and cancers. In this study, we applied systems biology approaches to identify and predict miRNAs that potentially play regulatory roles between COPD and NSCLC. We performed differential expression analysis on public miRNA and mRNA expression datasets, for both of diseases, and then we reconstructed two miRNA-mRNA co-expression networks and merged these two co-expression networks into a community co-expression network. Results indicated the existence of very common miRNAs (ex. hsa-miR-326 and hsa-miR-1293) and mRNAs (such as FAT2, ALOX5AP, and LDB2) between the two mentioned diseases. Moreover, we discovered specific miRNAs (hsa-miR-574-3p) that targeted common mRNAs. We utilized drug-target interaction networks to identify candidate drugs for common mRNAs, which can be considered in the treatment of two diseases (e.g. iloperidone). Generally, our study highlighted common miRNAs between COPD and NSCLC that as new signatures or biomarkers for therapeutic purposes. Investigating the miRNA biomarkers in this study improves our understanding about the shared mechanisms between COPD and NSCLC.

In the last century, the emergence of in silico tools has improved the quality of healthcare studies by providing high quality predictions. In the case of COVID-19, these tools have been advantageous for bioinformatics analysis of SARS-CoV-2 structures, studying potential drugs and introducing drug targets, investigating the efficacy of potential natural product components at suppressing COVID-19 infection, designing peptide-mimetic and optimizing their structure to provide a better clinical outcome, and repurposing of the previously known therapeutics. These methods have also helped medical biotechnologists to design various vaccines; such as multi-epitope vaccines using reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics methods, among which some of them have showed promising results through in vitro, in vivo and clinical trial studies. Moreover, emergence of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms have helped to classify the previously known data and use them to provide precise predictions and make plan for future of the pandemic condition. At this contemporary review, by collecting related information from the collected literature on valuable data sources; such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, we tried to provide a brief outlook regarding the importance of in silico tools in managing different aspects of COVID-19 pandemic infection and how these methods have been helpful to biomedical researchers.

Introduction: Integration of rapidly expanding high-throughput omics technologies and electronic health record (EHR) has created an unprecedented advantage in terms of acquiring routine healthcare data to accelerate genetic discovery. In this regard, EHR can also provide several important advantages to omics research if the integration challenges are well handled. The main purpose of the present study was to review available and published knowledge in the related literature and then to classify and discuss stakeholders’ requirements in this domain. Material and Methods: At first, a broad electronic search of all available literature in English was conducted on the topic through a search in the databases of Medline, Web of Science, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Scopus, and Cochrane. Then, stakeholders’ requirements were tabulated, and finally, a word cloud was generated and analyzed to achieve functional and non-functional cases. Results: A total of 81 articles were included in the given analysis. Integration requirements also consisted of nine functional cases including a uniform approach to the interpretation of genetic tests, standardized terminologies and ontologies, structured data entry as much as possible, an integrated online patient portal, multiple data source handling, machine-readable storing and reporting, research-oriented requirements, pharmacogenomics decision support capabilities, and phenotyping algorithms and knowledge base. Besides, there were three non-functional cases comprised of interoperability of multiple systems, ethical, legal, security factor, and big data computations. Conclusion: The main challenges in this way could also have semantic and technical themes. Therefore, system developers could guarantee the success of systems by overcoming the given challenges.

Background and purpose: Etiology of rheumatoid arthritis is not fully recognized. The purpose of this study was to use universal and specific primers to trace bacteria in the blood and synovial fluid in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, a PCR method was developed to identify a wide range of bacteria in general and Staphylococcus aureus in specific. Ninety five synovial fluid and 100 blood samples being stored at -80°C were assayed. Genome extraction was performed. Universal primer pairs were used for amplification of 16SrRNA and a specific primer was used for nuc gene of Staphylococcus aureus. Then, the PCR product of the specific primer was sequenced and data were analyzed. Results: The samples of synovial fluid and blood samples of rheumatoid arthritis patients which were negative in bacteriological culture showed 33 (34%) and 36 (36%) cases to be positive for 16Sr RNA, respectively. Also, 21 cases of synovial fluid and only 1 blood sample were positive for Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: The results showed the presence of 16SrRNA gene of different bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus in blood and synovial fluid of patients. Based on current findings, it is likely to explain a part of the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis, thereby modifying some treatment protocols.

Rashid al-Din Meybodi completed the great commentary book of Kashf al-Asrar and oddat al-abrar in 520 AH. This work Includes a complete course of translation, interpretation and gloss of the Holy Quran verses. The fourth volume of Kashf al-Asrar, deals with a narrative of a Muezzin, who involved in the love of a Christian lady, and thereafter, he lost his all reputation and respect. It seems that this mystic narrative is one of the Attar Neishaburi's sources (537-627) in Sheikh San'an narrative, in the couple-poems of Manteghotteir. Attar has developed this mythological allegorical narrative and has recreated it in another way. The main axis in the story of Sheikh San'an and the narrative of the Muazzin in Kashf al-Asrar, is the idolatry anecdote of the aged devout to a Christian girl. Both characters of these two stories see a Christian, beautiful and courageous girl who has robbed their hearts and intelligence, as they burrow their cloak and hang it, they lick the lips to the wine with the beloved command, and act against their whole religious laws and beliefs according to the wishes of the girl. There is a kind of kinship between these two narratives, and the present article comparatively tries to study these two mystical narratives.

Background: Retraction is a mechanism for correcting the literature and a warning for readers in relation to publications that contain serious flaws or erroneous data. As a result of growth and development of Iranian publications in the last two decades, that brings unethical behavior of researchers led to retraction of their publications. We aimed to investigate Iranian retracted publications indexed in PubMed database. Methods: All Iranian retracted publications published in PubMed up to Dec 2017 have been retrieved. Bibliographic information of retracted publications, retraction notice, time lag between article publication date and the date of retraction notice, reasons of retraction, Issuer of retraction and acknowledge information of retracted publication were recorded. Additionally, citation data of retracted publications before 2013 were analyzed. Results: Overall, 164 Iranian retracted publications were identified. Meantime lag was 20.8 months. "Islamic Azad University" and "Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)" were two affiliations that have received highest number of retracted publications. The most issuer of retraction publications was editor-in-chief and the most mentioned reasons for retractions were authorship issues, plagiarism, and redundant publication. Thirty-three (20.12%) publications have received funds from various agencies. Citation study of retracted publications indicates that these publications have received 789 citations (Citation per publication=11.6). Conclusion: Although Iranian retracted publications represent small portion of all Iranian publications, but the number of retracted publications has increased. More than half of retracted publications have had authorship issues and plagiarism that requires more attention to research ethics authorities.

Background & objective: Microarray and next generation sequencing (NGS) data are the important sources to find helpful molecular patterns. Also, the great number of gene expression data increases the challenge of how to identify the biomarkers associated with cancer. The random forest (RF) is used to effectively analyze the problems of large-p and small-n. Therefore, RF can be used to select and rank the genes for the diagnosis and effective treatment of cancer. Methods: The microarray gene expression data of colon, leukemia, and prostate cancers were collected from public databases. Primary preprocessing was done on them using limma package, and then, the RF classification method was implemented on datasets separately in R software. Finally, the selected genes in each of the cancers were evaluated and compared with those of previous experimental studies and their functionalities were assessed in molecular cancer processes. Result: The RF method extracted very small sets of genes while it retained its predictive performance. About colon cancer data set DIEXF, GUCA2A, CA7, and IGHA1 key genes with the accuracy of 87.39 and precision of 85.45 were selected. The SNCA, USP20, and SNRPA1 genes were selected for prostate cancer with the accuracy of 73.33 and precision of 66.67. Also, key genes of leukemia data set were BAG4, ANKHD1-EIF4EBP3, PLXNC1, and PCDH9 genes, and the accuracy and precision were 100 and 95.24, respectively. Conclusion: The current study results showed most of the selected genes involved in the processes and cancerous pathways were previously reported and had an important role in shifting from normal cell to abnormal.

Abstract Background TEK signaling plays a very important role in folliculogenesis. It activates Ras/ERK/MYC, PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 and ovarian steroidogenesis activation pathways. These are the main pathways for cell growth, differentiation, migration, adhesion, proliferation, survival and protein synthesis. Results TEK signaling on each of the two important pathways where levels of pERK, pMYC, pAkt, pMCL1 and pEIF4EBP1 are increased in dominant follicles and pMYC is decreased in dominant follicles. Over activation of ERK and MYC which are the main cell growth and proliferation and over activation of Akt, MCl1, mTORC1 and EIF4EBP1 which are the main cell survival and protein synthesis factors act as promoting factors for folliculogenesis. In case of over expression of hsa-miR-30d-3p and hsa-miR-451a, MYC activity level is considerably increased in subordinate follicles. Our simulation results show that in the presence of has-miR-548v and bta-miR-22-3p, downstream factors of pathways are inhibited. Conclusions Our work offers insight into the design of natural biological procedures and makes predictions that can guide further experimental studies on folliculogenesis pathways. Moreover, it defines a simple signal processing unit that may be useful for engineering synthetic biology and genes circuits to carry out cell-based computation.

Cancer testis antigens (CTAs), a large family of tumor-associated and immunogenic antigens expressed in human tumors of various histological origins, are highly restricted to the testis and trophoblast. CTAs have been identified as potent targets for tumor-specific immunotherapeutic advances and have immensely lead to the development of different clinical trials of CTA-based vaccine therapy because of their resilient in vivo immunogenicity and tumor-restricted expression pattern. Bladder cancer, non-small cell lung carcinoma, and melanoma are grouped as high CT gene expressors. Prostate and breast cancer as moderate, and colon and renal cancers are considered as low CT gene expressors. Large percentages of these identified CT genes are expressed during spermatogenesis but their function is still vaguely unknown. Researchers have taken a keen interest in CT genes as pertaining to their role in tumor growth and spermatogenesis. Testis has many similarities with cancerous tissues like cell division, immigration, and immortalization. The aim is to give a concise in-depth review on the role of some specific CT genes in spermatogenesis.

Introduction: The term Leishmaniasis applies to a group of parasitic diseases caused by the genus Leishmania. Route of infection is one of the variables that have been reported to influence the immune responses as well as the disease outcome in experimental models of leishmaniasis. This research aims to study the effect of route of infection on the pathogenicity of Leishmania major in BALB/c mice. Methods: Low (103 parasites/mouse) and high (106 parasites/mouse) doses of L. major was injected into footpad or ear dermis of BALB/c mice. Lesion diameter was determined throughout the study. Parasite load of draining lymph nodes and spleen were assessed at three intervals. Results: Footpad in comparison to ear route showed higher pathogenicity of L. major in BALB/c mice as assessed by lesion diameter, parasite load in the draining lymph node, and dissemination of the parasite to the spleen. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that substantial differences between footpad and ear route need particular attention when we use experimental models for the study of Leishmania infections.

Cancer classification is an important problem in cancer diagnosis and treatment. One of the most effective methods in cancer classification is gene selection. However, selecting a subset of genes which increases the classification accuracy is an NP-Hard problem. A variety of algorithms were proposed for gene selection in cancer classification in previous studies. In this study, a hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm, which is an integration of Genetic Algorithm and Learning Automata (GALA), is proposed for this purpose. The time complexity of GALA is O(G.m.n3) and it has acceptable accuracy and performance on some well-known cancer datasets. To evaluate the performance of GALA, six different cancer datasets including Colon, ALL_AML, SRBCT, MLL, Tumors_9 and Tumors_11 were selected. Based on the evaluation process, the GALA algorithm provided remarkable results on each dataset compared to some recently proposed algorithms.

Objective: Bullying and victimization are common and serious problems in schools resulting in development of emotional and behavioral disorders in adolescents. This study aimed at examining the prevalence of bullying behavior and some of its associated factors among students. Method: This was a cross sectional analytic study involving junior high schoolers in grades seven, eight and nine. This study was part of an international study that used a questionnaire as a tool for data collection. The questionnaire investigated some of the characteristics and qualities possessed by most juveniles and some occasional problems which they may experience. Also, it was used to examine participants’ experiences with bullying and victimization. This questionnaire comprised of 15 sections on demographic characteristics, individual health, family status and types of bullying experiences at school and outside of school, along with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which is an instrument for screening emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents. A multistage cluster sampling from five regions, consisting of the north, south, west, east, and central regions of Tehran, was conducted and 1456 questionnaires were completed by the students. Results: According to the results of this study, prevalence rate for bullying and victimization was 17.4% and 25.8%, respectively. The results indicated that gender had a significant relationship with bullying and victimization, with boys being more likely to be bullies and also more prone to victimization than girls (p < 0.001). Other parameters such as emotional, behavioral, and environmental influence also had a significant relationship with bullying and victimization. Conclusion: Bullying is more prevalent in boys than in girls, and boys are more likely to be victimized as well. Emotional and behavioral problems are identified as risk factors, and future interventions should focus on these risk factors to develop preventive measures.