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In the multi-robot patrol task, it is difficult for a single robot to obtain global information due to the limitation of the communication distance. However, most existing multi-robot distributed patrol algorithms require each robot to obtain global information of its patrol area for decision-making. Therefore, this paper addressed on the communication radius constrain and the local information constrain to completes patrol tasks through the interaction between neighbor robots, and proposed two solution algorithms based on discrete-time consensus theory. Algorithm 1 used global information for decision-making. Algorithm 2 used discrete-time consensus theory to predict and make decisions based on local information. Through the simulator Stage, the proposed algorithm and the comparison algorithm were simulated and compared under different robot numbers, communication radii and map environments. The simulation verifies that the proposed fully distributed multi-robot patrol algorithm based on local information has similar characteristics and performance to the original algorithm, enabling robots to judge the global state without global information and complete patrol tasks based on the negotiation between neighbors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the relationship between serum C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, S100B protein and the severity of traumatic brain injury and its complication with acute traumatic coagulation disease. Methods: 80 patients with brain injury admitted to our hospital from March 2020 to March 2023 were selected as the research subjects. All patients were evaluated using the Glass Coma Score (GCS), and the severity of the brain injury was determined based on the score results. 25 patients with a GCS score of ≤ 8 were divided into a severe group, and 55 patients with a GCS score of>8 were divided into a non severe group. Compare the expression levels of serum CRP, albumin, and S100B protein between two groups of patients. Subsequently, 80 patients with traumatic brain injury were divided into an acute traumatic coagulation disease group (n=20) and a non acute traumatic coagulation disease group (n=60) based on whether they were complicated with acute traumatic coagulation disease. The general clinical situation of the two groups of patients was compared, and the predictive value of serum CRP, albumin, and S100B protein for the occurrence of acute traumatic coagulation disease in patients with traumatic brain injury was analyzed. Results: There was no difference in albumin levels among patients with different severity of brain injury(P>0.05), but there was a difference in CRP and S100B protein levels. The CRP level in the severe group was higher than that in the non severe group, while the S100B protein level was lower than that in the non severe group (P<0.05); The Spearman correlation analysis results showed that there was no significant correlation between albumin and the severity of brain injury (P>0.05), CRP was positively correlated with the severity of brain injury, and S100B protein was negatively correlated with the severity of brain injury (P<0.05); There was no significant difference in gender, age, BMI, and type of brain injury between the acute traumatic coagulation disease group and the non acute traumatic coagulation disease group(P>0.05). However, there was a significant difference in the range of brain contusion, treatment time, GCS score, shock index, CRP, albumin, and S100B protein levels between the acute traumatic coagulation disease group and the non acute traumatic coagulation disease group(P<0.05); The results of logistic regression analysis showed that GCS score, shock index, CRP, and albumin were independent influencing factors for acute traumatic coagulation disease after brain injury(P<0.05). Conclusion: The detection of CRP and S100B protein on admission can assist the severity of craniocerebral injury early, and when patients with high CRP level and low S100B protein and albumin level, they should be alert to the occurrence of acute traumatic coagulopathy, and take timely measures to intervene for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On December 23-24, 2023, the 2023 Annual Conference on Information Behavior Research was held at Peking University, with more than 200 participants from over 70 universities across China. The theme of this year's conference is "Research on Information Behaviors from the AI Empowerment perspective". The agenda of the conference include keynote speeches, panel discussions, poster presentations, sub- forum oral presentation of full papers, and a workshop on eyetracking method, to conduct in-depth discussions on theoretical innovation, method application, situational expansion, humanistic care, social development, and other aspects of information behavior research in the new wave of artificial intelligence (AI) technology. The article summarizes the academic achievements and main viewpoints of the participants, providing theoretical enlightenment and research guidance for the exploration and innovation of information behavior research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] The development of the Internet has led to the rapid development of social networks, providing users with a convenient channel for the release, dissemination and acceptance of information. However, its low-threshold characteristics have also given rise to a group of the "Internet water army"・・online social spammers, who are paid to post online comments with particular content and spread false information on purpose. They have become a major problem for the Internet ecology. It is of great significance to detect the Internet water army, prevent their malicious attacks, and combat and eliminate their negative effects on the security of the online public opinion. [Method/Process] First, we analyzed the development process and characteristics of the online social spammers, summarized the algorithms used in previous studies and the characteristics mentioned, and sorted out three research starting points: text features, interaction features and graph structure features. Then, an online social spammer detection method based on deep learning was proposed. Combined with the three aspects of user basic information, historical remarks and interaction behavior, six types of features were extracted from the basic information, recent remarks, social intimacy, interaction behavior, microblog number and membership level. Through feature depth extraction and vector splicing and fusion, the user feature vectors were formed with the same length. Finally, a convolutional neural network was used as a classifier to build an automatic, high-precision and high-efficiency spammer detection model. Two Chinese online spammer datasets collected from the Sina Weibo platform were selected for the experiment. The features of the datasets were spliced and aligned to form the Weibo Spammer 2023 dataset as the model training dataset, which prevented the data features of a single dataset from being too discrete and reducing modle generalization. Considering the overfitting problem in the model training process, we solved the problem by adding abandoned layers. [Results/Conclusions] The online spammer detection model constructed in this experiment has significantly improved in terms of metrics such as precision and accuracy. At the same time, the ablation experiment shows that the six features extracted in this e迎eriment have a positive effect on the detection process. Through empirical analysis, the model constructed in this paper has a high detection accuracy and detection efficiency, which can provide certain technical support and theoretical guidance for online spammer identification. By using machine learning methods to actively identify online social spammer accounts, real-time monitoring and prevention of key spammer accounts can prevent the occurrence of malicious network events more timely and effectively and reduce the risk of illegal forces damaging the public opinion ecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, as the transportation system becomes more and more developed and people travel more and more frequently, it has become an important means to check people′s packages through X-ray security screening machines to prevent incidents endangering public safety. At present, dangerous goods detection of X-ray images in many places is still carried out manually by security inspectors, which has problems of heavy workload and low efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to use the existing target detection technology to detect dangerous goods automatically. However, the background of dangerous goods in X-ray images is often complicated, which leads to the low accuracy of the automatic detection of dangerous goods. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved att＿decouple＿YOLOv5s model. By introducing the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) in the feature fusion part of YOLOv5s model, the relevant feature information is strengthened and the background information is suppressed; The detection head of the model is decoupled by the parallel branch method to solve the conflict problem caused by the coupling of classification and positioning tasks. Finally, this paper tested 12 kinds of dangerous goods in X-ray images in the public data set pidray. The experimental results showed that the average accuracy of the detection performance index of the proposed model reached 88.1% when the IoU (Intersection over Union) threshold was 0.5, which was 2.8% higher than that of the YOLOv5s model; When the IoU threshold was between 0.5 and 0.95, the average precision reached 76.6%, which was 4.3% higher than that of YOLOv5s. The effectiveness of the improved algorithm is fully verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the correlation between CT bone imaging parameters and lateral meniscus injury and postoperative knee function in patients with Schatzker type Ⅱ tibial plateau fracture. Methods: 106 patients with Schatzker type Ⅱ tibial plateau fracture treated in Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi ’an Jiaotong University from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected as research objects. According to whether there was lateral meniscus injury,they were divided into meniscus injury group and meniscus normal group. CT examination was performed on all patients to detect bone imaging parameters [collapse value of lateral tibial plateau (LPD),widening value of lateral tibial plateau (LPW) ], and LPD and LPW of injured and non-injured groups were compared. The efficacy of LPD and LPW in predicting lateral meniscus injury was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) . Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between LPD, LPW and postoperative knee HSS score. Results: LPD and LPW in the injured meniscus group were higher than those in the normal meniscus group (P＜0.05) . According to ROC curve analysis, the best truncation values of LPD and LPW for predicting lateral menisus injury in patients with Schatzker type Ⅱ tibial plateau fracture were 14.13 mm and 8.67 mm,respectively,and the AUC was 0.655 and 0.750, respectively, and the AUC predicted by the combination of LPD and LPW was 0.925.The excellent grade distribution of knee function evaluation in LPD＜14.13 mm group was better than that in LPD ≥14.13 mm group (P＜0.05) . LPW＜8.67 mm group was better than LPW≥8.67 mm group (P＜0.05) . According to Pearson correlation analysis, LPD, LPW and postoperative knee HSS scores in Schatzker type Ⅱ tibial plateau fracture were negatively correlated (P＜0.05) . Conclusion: In the CT bone imaging parameter detection of Schatzker type Ⅱ tibial plateau fracture patients, LPD combined with LPW has a good efficacy in predicting lateral meniscus injury, and both of them are closely related to postoperative knee function,worthy of further study and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the 2018—2022 bird resource survey in Jilin Province, five species of European robin (Erithacus rubecula； 43°52′34.76″ N,125°21′52.74″ E), azure tit (Cyanistes cyanus； 43°52′33.61″ N, 125°21′53.08″ E； 43°49′18.99″ N,125°21′19.65″ E), black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla； 43°48′44.02″ N, 125°20′56.08″ E), intermediate egret (Ardea intermedia； 43°57′46.09″ N,125°22′5.71″ E) and red-crested pochard (Netta rufina； 43°58′2.72″ N,125°22′4.42″ E； 43°48′27.18″ N,125°20′49.41″ E) were recorded and photographed. It was confirmed as new distribution records in Jilin Province after reviewing the relevant literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, V-shaped and W-shaped hole blocking layer (HBL) structures are designed to improve hole leakage in the n-type region of AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet laser diodes (DUV-LD). Using Crosslight software, three kinds of hole-blocking layer structures of reference rectangular, V-shaped and W-shaped are simulated and studied, and the DUV-LD energy band, n-region hole concentration, radiative recombination rate, electro-optical and optical properties of the three different structures are compared respectively. Conversion efficiency, carrier concentration in the active region and other characteristics, the results show that the DUV-LD with a W-shaped hole blocking layer has higher hole effective barrier height, higher radiative recombination rate, lower hole The leakage and better slope efficiency can effectively reduce the hole leakage in the n-type region of the deep ultraviolet laser diode, and improve its optical and electrical performance [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: It is of great importance to precisely acquire the spatial distribution and dynamic variations of plastic greenhouses for agricultural development planning, grain assessment, and ecological environment monitoring. High-resolution remote sensing images offer detailed information of plastic greenhouse shapes and boundaries, satisfies the requirements of precision agriculture, and have irreplaceable advantages in conducting precise surveys of plastic greenhouses in crucial regions. Nevertheless, the mapping model of plastic greenhouses meets the challenges including inadequate prior information and unbalance between mapping accuracy and model complexity. Methods: This paper introduces a semantic segmentation model for plastic greenhouse that integrates the advanced plastic greenhouse index (APGI) and high-resolution red green blue (RGB) images. The proposed model primarily comprises the APGI semantic branch, RGB semantic branch, and RGB detail branch, and it incorporates an attention mechanism to effectively merge reliable prior information from the APGI index and spatial detail information derived from high-resolution RGB images. Furthermore, a model training mechanism guided by boundary information is proposed to enhance the precise recognition capability of the proposed model for plastic greenhouse boundary pixels. Results: The study reveals that, within an attention-guided fusion framework, the medium-resolution APGI can significantly enhance the identification capabilities of plastic greenhouses in high-resolution images. The proposed model can not only improve the mapping accuracy of plastic greenhouses but also greatly simpl-ifie the parameter size and computational complexity of the semantic segmentation model. Conclusions: This study meets the demands for rapid and accurate extraction of plastic greenhouse in high-resolution remote sensing images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chishan REE deposit is located in southwest of western Shandong uplift area. It is a hard rock and ultra-large type light rare earth deposit. Previous studies have found that the rare earth mineralization is closely related to the Chishan alkaline complex. The genesis of the rock mass and the formation age of the deposit are still scientific issues that need attention. Therefore, a systematic study on the petrography, geochronology, trace element and isotope geochemistry of the Chishan alkaline complex was carried out in this paper, and Re-Os isotopic dating of the deposit was carried out for the first time using the molybdenite. The results show that the zircon U-Pb age of the Chishan alkaline complex is 119. 9±0. 9 Ma, and the molybdenite Re-Os isotope age is 120. 0±1. 8 Ma, indicating that the diagenesis and mineralization are the products of Early Cretaceous magmatism. The Chishan alkaline complex rock mass is characterized by rich alkali and poor magnesium, belonging to alkaline rock series. The total amount of rare earth elements is high, and the REE pattern is characterized by a strong enrichment of light rare earth elements as a right-leaning direction. The trace elements are enriched in Ba, Th, U and Nd, and depleted in Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf. The whole rock ( 87Sr/ 86Sr)i value is 0. 706 36-0. 711 68, the εNd(t) value is from -9. 70 to -8. 82, and the zircon εHf(t) value is from -6. 75 to -12. 22, indicating that the magma source area has the characteristics of mantle enriched in EMⅠ. In summary, the diagenesis and mineralization of the Chishan REE deposit should be formed in an extensional tectonic setting, which is closely related to the enriched mantle upwelling caused by the destruction and reduction of North China Craton lithosphere in Early Cretaceous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the analysis of some special Chinese characters in the Xin Dynasty, Wuzhou Dynasty, Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and modern times, it can be concluded that the special Chinese characters have three super linguistic sign functions: rhetoric, taboo and reflecting emotion. These functions are derived from the particularity of the nature of Chinese characters: some functions are realized by connecting words unrelated to form and meaning with pictographic characters as a bridge; some functions are realized by highlighting or weakening the meaning of a component in the glyph; and other functions are realized by the square appearance of Chinese characters. Through the analysis of characters such as “囧 (jiong)”“叕 (zhuo)”“疊 (die)”, it can be found that the study of the super linguistic sign functions of special Chinese characters reasonably combines the ontology of Chinese characters with the cultural connotation behind them, which has a certain role in promoting the study of Chinese character culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WRKY is a plant-specific transcriptional regulator with zinc-finger domain, which is involved in regulating plant stress resistance, growth and development, and metabolism. To explore the biological function of the WRKY transcription factor ZjWRKY22 in the easily cracked jujube variety Huping, and provide a theoretical basis for revealing the molecular mechanism of jujube WRKY in response to abiotic stress, in this study, the coding region of the ZjWRKY22 gene sequence was cloned for bioinformatics prediction, and the differential expression analysis of the bearing branches, stem, leaf, flower, and fruit of the jujube were carried out. The results showed that the length of CDS sequence of ZjWRKY22 gene obtained in the jujube variety Huping was 1 068 bp, encoding 335 amino acids with a molecular weight of 38.9 ku and isoelectric point of 5.92. Its molecular formula was C1682H2582N472O568S13. The protein contained 18% of serine and was hydrophilic unstable protein. It embraced 76 phosphorylation sites without signal peptides and transmembrane domains. The secondary structure mainly consisted of random curl with a typical WRKY domain. The tertiary structure was mainly composed of four β-folds, namely WRKYGQK, RGYYR, RKQVER, and FIVTYT, which belonged to the IIe group of the WRKY family. The homologous sequence alignment showed that the homology of jujube with bayberry, peach, almond, and plum was 75.86%, 74.88%, 74.41%, and 74.88%, respectively. The phylogenetic tree showed that ZjWRKY22 was the closest relative to sour jujube. Real-time fluorescence quantification showed that the expression of ZjWRKY22 was the highest in fruits with tissue specificity. Further, the fusion expression vector pCAMBIA1300-GFP-ZjWRKY22 was constructed, and subcellular localization was performed by instantaneous injection of Agrobacterium into Ben's tobacco to verify that protein ZjWRKY22 was located in the nucleus, simultaneously, the plant overexpression vector pCAMBIA-1300-ZjWRKY22 was successfully constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the fertilizer effect of appropriate application of organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers and provide the thoretic basis for reduction of fertilizers, increase of efficiency, and high yield, in this experiment,Jingu 59 was taken as the experimental material, four fertilization modes including no fertilization, single chemical fertilizer application, single organic fertilizer application, and combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer were designed to study the effects of the four different fertilization modes on the yield, economic benefits of millet from 2018 to 2020. The results showed that the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium under single chemical fertilizer application was the highest among all fertilization treatments. Compared with no fertilizer treatment, the yield and economic benefit of millet treated with organic fertilizer alone increased, but decreased compared with the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer. Compared with no fertilization, the average nitrogen harvest index, phosphorus harvest index, and potassium harvest index of millet from 2018 to 2020 increased by 6.18%-28.67%, 16.90%-37.00% and 15.68%-32.49%, respectively. The average grain yield increased by 22.96%-65.09%. The average economic income increased by 3 522.5-8 982.8 yuan/ha. Among them, the treatment of combination of organic and half inorganic fertilizer had obvious effect of increasing yield and income compared with no fertilization treatment, increasing average yield by 44.65% and annual income by 5 389 yuan/ha. Considering from the aspects of fertilizer application amount, millet yield, and economic benefit, the combination of organic and half inorganic fertilizer treatment was the optimal combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers and could be recommended in the similar areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There were few reports about neonatal chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Early diagnosis of CGD is of great value for treatment and prognosis. In this case, the onset of the disease was in neonatal period. In addition to sever infection that with no response to conventional treatments such as antibiotics, multiple nodules were visible in CT images of the lung. Respiratory burst function test of neutrophils showed abnormal, and the expression of gp91 was lost. CGD was highly suspected. CYBB gene analysis showed maternal missense mutation, c. 665 (exon6) A>G (p. H222P). After diagnosis of CGD, the neonate improved with antifungal therapy and waited for transplantation of hemopoietic stem cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tracking students’ knowledge level is one of the most important techniques in intelligent education. Traditional deep knowledge tracking methods mainly focus on Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), but RNN has the problem of gradient disappearance or gradient explosion. And many knowledge tracking methods do not take into account the impact of forgetting behavior on the results of learning. Aiming at the above problems, in order to accurately predict the knowledge level of students, this paper proposes a deep Temporal Convolutional Knowledge Tracking model, which integrates Forgetting factors (F-TCKT). This method introduces three factors that affect students’ forgetting behavior, including the time interval of learning the same knowledge point, the time interval of learning the same knowledge point and the times of learning the same knowledge point. Firstly, the method uses the Fully Connected Network to calculate the vector that represents the degree of forgetting of students, and then the vector is concatenated with the answer record of students. Finally, the method uses the Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) and Attention Mechanism to predict the probability of students’ next answer. Experimental results show that F-TCKT has better prediction performance than traditional methods [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil surface water content, which exists at the land air interface, is an important variable to simulate the global hydrological, energy and carbon cycles and their interactions, and is crucial for climate and earth system research. In order to evaluate the accuracy and applicability of the soil moisture products of FY-3B, FY-3C and AMSR2 in Xilingol grassland and different land cover types, authors applied time series correlation (R), root mean square error (RMSE), the average deviation (Bias) and unbiased root mean square error (ubRMSE) were to analyze the reliability on these three grid products. The results showed that: (1) on a daily scale, FY-3B and FY-3C soil moisture products overestimated the land surface water content, while AMSR2 underestimated the soil water content. Each evaluation index showed that the three soil water content products can capture the time change trend of surface soil water content in Xilingol grassland. (2) On a monthly scale, compared with AMSR2, the monthly distribution of FY-3B and FY-3C soil moisture products was more consistent with the measured soil moisture distribution. (3) In the growing season scale, the three satellite soil moisture products reflected the soil moisture status of each grassland subtype. FY-3B and FY-3C soil moisture products had good applicability in areas with high vegetation coverage, AMSR2 had good reliability in areas with low vegetation coverage, and the three products had complementary functions in monitoring soil moisture. FY-3B had the best consistency with the change trend of in-situ soil water content, FY-3B and FY-3C can better reflect the variation of soil moisture in the west and east of the study area, and AMSR2 can well capture the variation of soil moisture in the middle of the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors and Logistic regression analysis of interscalenus brachial plexus block affecting heart rate variability. Methods: Selection in May 2021 to March 2022 in our hospital in patients with shoulder joint open surgical treatment of 60 cases as the research object, according to the different anesthesia were randomly divided into experimental group and control group in two groups, one group patients give between scalene muscle under the guidance of ultrasound brachial plexus block, between the control group patients with pure scalenus brachial plexus block. General clinical data of the patients were collected, and heart rate variation index, SpO2, heart rate and mean arterial pressure level before and after block were compared and analyzed. The relationship between risk factors and heart rate variability was also studied. Results: Univariate analysis of interbrachial plexus block affecting heart rate variability showed that risk factors were not related with sex, mean age, BMI, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, chronic diseases (diabetes, hypertension), smoking and alcohol history (P>0.05), and interanginal brachial plexus block with shorter analgesic maintenance, longer exercise recovery and fewer blocks were more likely to show heart rate variability (P<0.05). After the block, LF, HF, LF/HF, RMSSD, SDNN and PNN50% were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), how- ever, there was no difference in SpO, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure after the block (P>0.05). The multiple factors affecting the risk factors of HEART rate variability were maintenance time of analgesia (OR-6.224, P 0.001 <0.05), exercise recovery time (OR=9. 556, P=0.002<0.05), number of blocks (OR=7.591, P-0.001 <0.05). Conclusion: The heart rate variability in brachial plexus block was related to the maintenance time of analgesia, the recovery time of exercise and the number of blocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the current status and related factors of clinicians in implementing blood transfusion notification obligations, in order to provide scientific basis for the formulation of measures to improve the quality of implementing the blood transfusion notification obligation.Methods Using the method of prevalence survey, a total of 144 clinicians who had received at least one red blood cell transfusion order from April 1 to June 30,2019 in a tertiary hospital were taken as the research objects, and the revised questionnaire about clinicians′ notification obligation of blood transfusion in British blood transfusion review was used as the survey tool, which mainly included the general situation of the research objects and the implementation of the notification obligations of 15 core blood transfusion items.The SPSS23.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results 73.61%（106/144） clinicians had the time of implementing the notification of blood transfusion more than five minutes, which could effectively answer 75.00%（108/144） patients′ questions.There were significant differences in the proportion of clinicians′implementation of notification obligations of the blood transfusion items, among which 34.72%（50/144） clinicians had poor implementation of blood transfusion notification obligation（entries score less than 10 points）.The department, age, gender, professional and technical position, and working years had nothing to do with clinicians′ notification obligation of blood transfusion, and the differences were not statistically significant（P>0.05）.However, receiving transfusion training in clinical practice was an independent factor affecting the quality of transfusion notification obligation（OR=4.72,95%CI:1.71-13.02,P=0.003）.When implementing the obligation of notification, clinicians rarely notifed the relatively rare blood transfusion methods or infrequent transfusion risks, and did not fully notify the alternative treatment plan of blood transfusion.More than half of clinicians did not notify the patients that they could not donate blood within one year after transfusion.Conclusion The quality of clinicians′ implementing part of the notification obligation blood transfusion needs to be improved.Targeted systematic training is conducive to improving the quality of clinicians′ implementation of the notification obligation blood transfusion, so that patients can actively participate in blood transfusion decision-making, so as to improve the quality and safety of blood transfusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the space-time parameters characteristics of different ages of healthy people and elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis by the gait analysis in order to provide a new scientific basis for the clinical diagnosis of early elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods Twenty patients with bilateral knee osteoarthritis hospitalized in the orthopedic department of this hospital from January to June 2021 were selected,20 healthy elderly subjects and 20 healthy young subjects were collected from the outpatient department. All 60 subjects conducted the gait analytical test. The subjects were divided into three groups:the young control group,elderly control group and elderly knee osteoarthritis group. Results Compared with the elderly control group and young control group,the walking speed and stride frequency in the elderly knee osteoarthritis group were slower,the stride length was shorter,the gait cycle was longer,and the double support phase was increased (P <0. 05); compared with the young control group,the walking speed, stride length,gait period and double support phase in the elderly control group had no significant changes(P > 0. 05). Seeing Table 2. The step length bias had no statistically significant differences among 3 groups (P > 0. 05). Conclusion The gait of elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis is characterized by slow walking speed,low stride frequency,short stride length,long gait cycle and long dual support phase [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is the “gold standard” for the diagnosis of portal hypertension, which could be applied in the evaluation of liver cirrhosis. Combined use of HVPG with model for endstage liver disease (MELD) scoring system may more accurately match the donors and recipients undergoing liver transplantation for liver cirrhosis, select the appropriate timing of surgery, and provide guidance for bridging treatment for patients on the waiting list for liver transplantation. Besides, HVPG may also predict clinical prognosis of liver transplant recipients, and provide evidence for early detection and intervention of potential complications. Therefore, the value of HVPG in preoperative evaluation and prognosis prediction of liver transplant recipients was reviewed, aiming to provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment of liver transplant recipients before and after surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) / nuclear transcription factor-kB（NF-kB) in the lung of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To explore the molecular mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of GBE on COPD. 90 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: blank control group, COPD model group, GBE high dose group, GBE medium dose group, GBE low dose group and SB203580 (p38MAPK inhibitor) group, with 15 rats in each group. The COPD rat model was established by smoking cigarette smoke and injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the airway. After modeling, the drugs were administered in groups. The blank control group and COPD model group were given intraperitoneal injection of normal saline, the high, medium and low dose GBE groups (14, 7, 3.5 mg·kg-1·d -1) were given intraperitoneal injection of GBE of different concentrations, and the SB203580 group was given intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg·kg-1·d -1 once a day for 14 days. The pathological changes of rat alveoli and airways were observed by HE staining, the levels of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in rat alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), The protein and mRNA expression of p38MAPK, NF-kB p65, IkBα in rat lung tissue were detected by Western blot and Real-time qPCR. Compared with the COPD model group, each drug group could inhibit the destruction of alveoli and airway remodeling, and reduce the inflammatory infiltration around alveoli and bronchi; Compared with the blank control group, the contents of IL-6 and IL-8 in BALF and serum of COPD model group increased significantly (P<0.05), the contents of IL-10 decreased significantly (P<0.05), The expression of p38MAPK, NF-kB p65protein and p38MAPK, NF-kB mRNA in lung tissue increased significantly (P<0.05), IkBα Protein and IkBα mRNA expression decreased significantly (P<0.05); Compared with COPD model group, each drug group could significantly reduce the content of IL-8 in BALF and serum and increase the content of IL-10 (P<0.05), while the effect of GBE high dose group and SB203580 group was more obvious; The content of IL-6 in BALF in GBE high dose group and SB203580 group was significantly lower than that in GBE low dose group and COPD model group (P<0.05); Compared with COPD model group, each drug group could significantly reduce the expression of p38MAPK, NF-kB p65 protein, p38MAPK and NF-kB p65mRNA in rat lung tissue (P<0.05), and GBE high and medium dose groups and SB203580 groups could significantly increase IkBα protein and IkBα mRNA expression (P<0. 05). GBE can inhibit inflammatory response and airway remodeling in COPD rats,the mechanism may be related to the regulation of p38MAPK/NF-kB signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By integrating flexible energy facilities such as the high-voltage electrode boiler with coal-fired power units, the flexibility of the coal-fired power platform can be significantly improved, which is the key solution for the challenges of system frequency regulation due to the high penetration of renewable energy in power system. In order to allocate resources properly and improve the flexibility of power system for frequency regulation while ensuring the optimal economy, an optimized economic dispatching approach for highvoltage electrode boiler combined with coal-fired power units to participate in frequency regulation service was proposed. First, the revenue of frequency regulation auxiliary services were analyzed and the revenue model was established. Then, the frequency regulation characteristics of high-voltage electrode boiler and coal-fired power units were elaborated and compared. For dispatching single frequency regulation signal properly, the economy was taken as the optimized goal and different constraints were considered related to the units ramping rate, capacity and signal amplitude, etc. Therefore, an optimized economic dispatching approach were proposed for the highvoltage electrode boiler combined with coal-fired power units to participate in a single frequency regulation. When the frequency regulation service stresses high requirements for the response time, the economic dispatching diagram or dispatching table of the combined units under the single frequency regulation could be formulated by the proposed approach for the practical operation. A calculation case is carried out, and the results show that the proper dispatching frequency regulation signal among different units by the proposed approach can improve the flexibility of units in frequency regulation while ensuring the optimal economy, which provides a reference for joint operation between flexible energy facilities and coal-fired power units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the original and secondary side high-order topology is more and more used in the wireless transmission of electric energy. To analyze the influence of compensation network parameters on transmission characteristics in the radio energy transmission system with S-LCC topology, firstly, the loop circuit equation was established by using the double coil equivalent circuit model, and the expression of system output power was derived. Secondly, the constant current and constant voltage characteristics of the system were discussed under different parameter conditions, Determined the relationship between the parameters of the compensation network aiming at the optimal output power, analyzed the influence of load resistance, resonant inductance and parasitic resistance on the system output power, and built a double coil wireless power transfer （WPT） physical system. The results show that the relationship between the primary and secondary side resonant capacitance with the optimal output power as the target can be accurately determined. With the increase of load resistance, the output power of the system increases first and then decreases, or increases first and then decreases, then increases and then decreases. The optimal load resistance decreases first and then increases with the decrease of resonant capacitance, decreases first and then increases with the decrease of resonant inductance, and increases with the increase of parasitic resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the preventive effect of dexrazoxane on cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapy with epirubicin in breast cancer patients. Methods Ninety patients with breast cancer were randomly divided into the observation group and control group，with 45 patients in each. Patients in both groups were treated with chemotherapy using the epirubicin regimen（The EC-T regimen was that 50 mg/m² epirubicin hydrochloride combined with 500 mg/m² cyclophosphamide were administered intravenously for the first 4 treatment cycles，and 75 mg/m² sequential docetaxel was ad⁃ ministered intravenously for the last 4 treatment cycles；every 21 days was a treatment cycle，for a total of 8 treatment cycles）. Patients in the observation group were given a rapid intravenous dose of dexrazoxane 30 min prior to the EC-T regimen in a 10：1 dose ratio with epirubicin，while patients in the control group were not given dexrazoxane. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase（AST），lactate dehydrogenase（LDH），creatine kinase（CK），creatine kinase isoenzyme（CKMB）and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase（α-HBDH）were measured by ELISA，and the left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）was measured by cardiac ultrasound as well as electrocardiography（ECG）at 1 d before the first，third，fifth and eighth cycles of chemotherapy and at 3 d after chemotherapy in both groups. Results Before and after each treatment cy⁃ cle，cardiac enzyme in the control group was higher than that before treatment（P<0. 05）；after the end of each treatment cycle，cardiac enzyme in the control group was higher than that before the 1st cycle of treatment（P<0. 05），and LVEF was lower than that before chemotherapy in the 1st treatment cycle，but the difference was statistically significant only between the 3rd and 5th treatment cycles（P<0. 05）. Before and after each treatment cycle，except for the reduction of AST index， all other cardiac enzymes in the observation group were higher than those before treatment，but the statistical significance was not significant（P>0. 05）；after the end of each treatment cycle，cardiac enzymes in the observation group were higher than that before the 1st treatment cycle，but the statistical significance was still not significant（P>0. 05）；CK and CKMB in the 3rd treatment cycle and CK in the 5th treatment cycle were lower in the observation group than in the control group before chemotherapy（all P<0. 05）；after chemotherapy，AST，LDH，and CK in the 1st treatment cycle，AST，LDH， CK，and CKMB in the 3rd treatment cycle，AST，α-HBDH，CK，and CKMB in the 5th treatment cycle and AST in the 8th treatment cycle were all lower in the observation group than in the control group（all P<0. 05）；LVEF was lower in the observation group at the end of each treatment cycle than before chemotherapy in the 1st treatment cycle，but none of them had statistically significant difference（P>0. 05）. After chemotherapy，LVEF in the observation group was higher than that in the control group，but the difference was not statistically significant（P>0. 05）；after each treatment cycle，the abnormal rates of cardiac ultrasound and electrocardiogram in the observation group were lower than those in the control group（both P<0. 05）. Conclusions Dexamphetamine has a preventive effect on cardiotoxicity induced by chemothera⁃ py with epirubicin in breast cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI). Methods: Clinical data of36 patients with AMI were collected and analyzed retrospectively. All patients were treated with MDT, vascular surgery and gastrointestinal surgery. Surgical exploration was performed in all treated cases. Intraoperative fluorescence endoscopy was used to determineintestinal blood supply in 3 patients. The relevant data of abdominal CT, white blood cell count and D-dimer during the diagnosis andtreatment were counted, and the correlation between them and intestinal necrosis was analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The specificfeatures of abdominal CT and the increase of white blood cell count were correlated with intestinal necrosis. Among the treated patients,11 underwent intestinal resection and 8 underwent postoperative rehabilitation therapy in our hospital after surgical treatment in anotherhospital. Postoperative short bowel syndrome occurred in 8 cases. 1 patient was discharged automatically. One death occurred. Postoper-ative intestinal necrosis and intestinal fistula occurred in 1 patient. 3 months later, the patient underwent intestinal fistula resection, andthe postoperative recovery was good. Five patients underwent ostomy for retraction 6 months after operation. Fluorescent endoscopyshowed good results in determining intestinal blood supply and vitality. Conclusion: AMI is a dangerous disease, improving the under-standing of the disease, early diagnosis, early reconstruction of small intestinal blood circulation is the key to improve the efficacy andprognosis. Precision therapy after multidisciplinary discussion can improve the therapeutic effect. Preoperative abdominal CTA has im-portant significance for the diagnosis of AMI and the judgment of intestinal necrosis. Intraoperative use of indoliclegreen fluorescentimaging agent, coupled with fluorescence navigation endoscopy, to determine the extent of intestinal ischemia, it is worth further discus-sion. Double abdominal wall ostomy is conducive to timely detection of intestinal blood supply recovery, and distal ostomy can be usedfor early enteral nutrition, which is worthy of promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: With the development of remote sensing technology, the spatial resolution of remote sensing image keeps improving, which brings both opportunities and challenges for the traditional remote sensing image classification and change detection. In order to improve the reliability of change detection of high resolution remote sensing image, this paper proposes a method of change detection of remote sensing image based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Methods: Firstly, images of two‑phases were overlapped to a new image which can be segmented at multi‑scale. Secondly, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was established for objects in certain scale to calculate membership of pixels in each object, which took the spectral and texture characteristics of two‑phase remote sensing image objects into comprehensive consideration. Finally, the entropy method was used to fuse the fuzzy evaluation membership degree of each pixel in different scales based on information entropy. Results: Taking two groups of high resolution images with different phases as examples, we realized the effective fusion of multi‑scale change detection based on fuzzy logic, which made full use of multi‑level pixel features and consequently improved the overall effect of single scale object‑oriented change detection. Conclusions: The proposed method provides a new idea for the exploration of multi‑scale change detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Human walking is closely related to the changes of the surface electromyography signal of the lower limbs, but the difference of electromyography signal under the heterogeneous gait environment has not been studied in depth. OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively analyze the differences of surface electromyography signals of lower limb muscles in heterogeneous gait environments, and study muscle characteristics of lower limb muscles in different phases in heterogeneous footpaths. METHODS: Twenty healthy male subjects were recruited. The surface electromyography signals of lower limb muscles were collected in the environment of straight road, curve road, ramp, and stairs. A complete gait cycle was divided into four phases: the first dual support phase (0%-12%), the single support phase (13%-48%), and the second dual support phase (49%-60%) and swing phase (61%-100%). The muscle activation timing and difference of surface electromyography signal in different gait environments were studied through one-way analysis of variance. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Tianjin University of Science & Technology. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The study showed that compared with the straight path environment, in the process of making turn, the internal and external rotation muscles (Biceps Femoris, Gastrocnemius Medialis, Tibialis Anterior) of hip joint and ankle joint were used to complete the turn. When going upstairs and uphill, in the stage of single support phase, Vastus Lateralis and Vastus Medialis had the most significant difference (P < 0.05), and muscle strength increased significantly. In the second double support phase, the amplitude of Gastrocnemius Medialis increased significantly. When going downstairs and downhill, in the first dual support phase, Vastus Lateralis and Vastus Medialis were required to exert additional assistance. In the single support phase, the amplitudes of Gastrocnemius Medialis and Semitendinosus were significantly increased. In the second double support phase, the amplitude of Gastrocnemius Medialis decreased significantly. (2) The research results can provide reference value for the research and development of the control system of lower limb rehabilitation walking aid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goji (Lycium barbarum L.) is one of the most popular medicinal plants, particularly as a typical nutritional fruit supplement rich with bioactive compounds. However, fruits browning, taste loss, and storage intolerance often occur during postharvest, because of tender and juicy tissue. Among them, the temperature is one of the most significant factors to maintain the quality and extend the shelf life of fruits. It is necessary to place fruits in a constant temperature environment after harvest since temperature fluctuations and variation tend to induce product quality deterioration. This study aims to investigate the effect of precise temperature control on storage quality and aroma components of fresh goji fruits. Three treatments of storage temperature at 0℃ were also set, including foam box (CK), foam box + cool storage agent (ice temperature), as well as the precise temperature control box and cool storage agent (phase temperature). The temperature was real-time recorded in different cabinets to evaluate the storage quality. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate the aroma components of goji. Results showed that the foam box containing the self-made refrigerant performed better at ambient temperature, compared with that with the ice. Temperatures in the box of CK, ice, and phase temperature group were (0.12±0.17), (-0.04±0.07) and (-0.05±0.04)℃, respectively, during the whole storage period. A cold accumulator provided a cold source in the box to maintain a low-temperature environment. The temperature distribution was more uniform in the precision temperature control box, while the maintenance time of low temperature was longer than before, due to the excellent performance of heat preservation. The time of mildew and rot in the CK group, ice, and phase temperature group were 10, 20, and 40 d, respectively. At the storage of 40 d, the rot rate, mildew rate, and soft fruit rate in the phase temperature group were 4.11%, 4.50%, and 5.08%, respectively, much lower than 14.85%, 15.44%, and 15.01% in the CK group. Chromatic aberration ΔE was lower than 3, while Brightness L value reached 34.12. The content of soluble solid, titratable acid, Vitamin C conten, carotenoid were 0.65 percentage, 0.03 percentage, 4.34 mg/100g, 2.90 mg/g higher than CK group, respectively. Correspondingly, the treatment in the phase temperature group inhibited the increase of decay rate and weight loss rate, indicating the delay of ΔE and L, as well as a higher soluble solid, titratable acid, VC, and carotenoid content. The principal component analysis demonstrated that the goji quality in three groups was in the order of phase temperature group, ice temperature group and CK group. Moreover, the contents of favorable aroma components, such as lycium aldehydes and terpenoids, were relatively higher in the storage under precise temperature control. Consequently, the ice and phase temperature storage was the most effective in the long-term preservation of goji, where the color change of goji was delayed to facilitate the release of volatile substances, while effectively prolonging the storage period of goji to 30 days. The finding can be greatly beneficial to guide the preservation of goji fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the characteristic clinical manifestations and prognostic factors of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Methods The clinical data of 36 patients with PCNSL confirmed by pathology in the Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from June 2008 to December 2019, were retrospectively summarized and analyzed in detail. It included the impact of the patient’s general data (gender, age, course of disease), tumor status (quantity, edema), treatment plan (operation, postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy) on the patient’s survival. Results There were 21 males and 15 females in this group. The age ranged from 16 to 77 years old, including 22 cases > 60 years old and 14 cases≤60 years old. The course of disease was ≤3 months in 29 cases and > 3 months in 7 cases. The clinical manifestations were nonspecific, and no tumor cells were found in cerebrospinal fluid examination. Imaging examination showed that the tumors were located in 31 cases above the tentorium,2 cases below the tentorium, and 3 cases involved both above and below the tentorium; There were 27 single cases and 9 multiple cases. Plain CT scan showed slightly higher density in 26 cases, slightly equal in 9 cases and significantly increased in only 1 case. Plain MRI showed low signal on T1 WI and high signal on T2 WI. Contrast enhanced scanning showed that 25 cases had densely homogenious enhancement,7 had uneven enhancement,4 had ring enhancement with cystic change or necrosis, and 14 had the imaging features of PCNSL such as “umbilical concave sign”, “ sharp angle sign” and “butterfly sign”. DWI showed that there were 31 cases of mild perifocal edema, 4 of moderate edema and only 1 of severe edema. MRS showed that 19 patients had lip peak and 6 had Lip/Lac complex peak. Among the surgical methods,23 cases underwent craniotomy and 13 underwent biopsy only. 17 cases received combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy,9 received radiotherapy alone,8 received chemotherapy alone, and 2 did not receive any subsequent treatment. Pathological examination showed that Ki-67 > 70% in 15 cases and Ki-67 ≤70% in 21. The average follow-up was 23. 7 months,27 cases died, and the overall median survival time was 18. 7 months. Conclusions Enhanced MRI,DWI and MRS can provide reference value for the early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PCNSL. The age of patients, the number of lesions, the choice of treatment and Ki-67 proliferation index are the related factors affecting their prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the rule of medication and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the treatment of brucellosis based on data mining technique and network pharmacology. Methods A total of 1 095 effective TCM prescriptions were collected from patients with brucellosis from January 2018 to December 2019. Using Microsoft Excel to work out frequency statistics. IBM Modeler 18. 0 software and SPSS 20. 0 software were used for association rule analysis and cluster analysis. TCMSP database was used to search the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine. Brucellosis-related gene targets were screened out by Gene Cards database， and the core target proteins were obtained by taking the intersection. STRING was used to construct protein-protein interaction （PPI） network. Go analysis and KEGG analysis were performed on the target proteins of core Chinese medicine active compounds to construct the target-signal pathway network diagram. Results The herbs which were commonly used to treat brucellosis were the tonifing deficiency drugs， blood-activating and stasis-eliminating drugs and heat-cleaning drugs. The meridian tropism of the herbs mainly focused on spleen （stomach）. While the main four natures and five flavors of drugs were warm and sweet. The high-frequency drugs were Gancao （Radix Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae） etc. Dihuang （Rehmanniae Radix），Beishashen （Glehniae Radix）， Zhimu （Anemarrhenae Rhizoma），etc. were the core herbs which were commonly used in the acute phase of brucellosis. Huangqi （Astmgali Radix），Danggui （Angelicae Sinensis Radix），Dangshen （Codonopsis Radix），etc. were the core herbs which were commonly used in the chronic phase of brucellosis. The main active components were quercetin， beta-sitosterol， kaempferol， stigmasterol， and luteolin. They mainly regulated interleukin-17（IL17），NF- κB（NF- κB），Th17 cell differentiation， osteoclast differentiation and other signaling pathways by regulating PTGS1，PTGS2，IL6，TNF， MAPK14，MMP9，TGFB1，CXCL8 and other targets. Conclusion The main active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in the treatment of brucelelopathy include quercetin， beta-sitosterol， kaempferol， Stigmasterol， luteolin， etc. ，which mainly inhibit inflammation， improve bone and joint function， and regulate immune function by regulating IL-17，NF-KB，Th17 cell differentiation， osteoclast differentiation and other signaling pathways， so as to achieve the therapeutic purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HBsAg clearance can significantly reduce the risk of end-stage liver disease and liver cancer in patients with chronic hepatitis B;however,HBsAg clearance rate is very low,either by spontaneous clearance or antiviral therapy. This article summarizes the influencing factors for spontaneous clearance of HBsAg and HBsAg clearance after antiviral therapy and the durability of HBsAg clearance. In addition,thisarticle reviewsthe potentialofnew drugsindevelopment,suchasnucleic acid polymersand immunomodulators,in HBsAg clearance,so as to provide clues for the clinical cure of chronic hepatitis B in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HBsAg clearance can significantly reduce the risk of end-stage liver disease and liver cancer in patients with chronic hepatitis B; however,HBsAg clearance rate is very low,either by spontaneous clearance or antiviral therapy. This article summarizes the influencing factors for spontaneous clearance of HBsAg and HBsAg clearance after antiviral therapy and the durability of HBsAg clearance. In addition,this article reviews the potential of new drugs in development,such as nucleic acid polymers and immunomodulators,in HBsAg clearance,so as to provide clues for the clinical cure of chronic hepatitis B in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problem of improving the performance of electromagnet components in thread cartridge solenoid valve, taking an electromagnetic directional valve as an example, the main structure affecting the magnetic circuit was analyzed and improved. By using the principle of magnetic circuit, the structural factors which affected the magnetic circuit and suction characteristics were analyzed. The Maxwell finite clement analysis modd of the valve was established. Based on the model, the influence of coil shell thickness, magnetic breaking thickness, armature angle and magnetic ring on the electromagnetic suction characteristics were simulated. The influence of each structural parameter on the suction of the maximum working air gap m1d stroke force curve was mainly analyzed. According to the simulation results, each structural parameter w,L~ analyzed and improved ., and a comprehensive improved model was proposed. The results indicate that the comprehensive model improves the suction charm, teristics of the electromagnet in thread cartridge solenoid valve, not only increases the suction at the maximum working air gap by about 30%,, hut also reduces the suction at the closing position by ahem! 50%·, which improves the phenomenon of rapid increase of suction during dosing, makes the reversing process of the directional valve more stable, and better meets the working requirements of the directional valve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the operating performance of the deep-ultraviolet laser diodes（DUV-LD）, three structures of n-doped, p-doped and n-p-doped with active region quantum barrier are proposed in this paper. Using Crosslight software, the original structure and the three active region doped structures are simulated and studied to compare the P-I characteristic curves, V-I characteristic curves, carrier concentrations, radiation recombination rates and energy band diagrams of the four structures. The simulation results show that the performance of n-p doped structure is better, i.e., its threshold voltage and threshold current of the n-p doped structure decrease to 4.40 V and 23.8 mA, respectively; radiation recombination rate reaches 1.64cm-3/s; The electro-optical conversion efficiency reaches 42.1% at the same injection current, which increases 3.9% compared with the original structure and greatly improves the operating performance of the DUV-LD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water-cement ratio- packing density and specific surface area are important factors that influence backfill strength. However- few studies have investigated the significance of these influencing factors. Hence- uniaxial compressive strength tests were carried out on test blocks aged 3 d- 7 d and 28 d using a 3-factor 5-level orthogonal design. A variance analysis was performed on the experimental results. The results from this statistical analysis indicated the following F-value ratios for the three factors(water-cement ratio: packing density: specific surface area) at different ages: 3 d(698.404: 26.148: 0.910)- 7 d(862.626: 35.465: 1.286) and 28 d (1 585.404: 31.695: 1.338). According to the analysis results- the influencing factors had the following order of significance: water-cement ratio > specific surface area > packing density. Due to the small F-values of the specific surface area and packing density- these variables were not considered as factors affecting strength when establishing a strength prediction model. To obtain a backfill with the maximum strength- the optimal mixture had a 1.2 water-cement ratio- a specific surface area of 410 m ² / kg- and a packing density of 0.6% . To study the relationship between the water-cement ratio and strength- the water-cement ratio in the optimal mixture was varied- and 30 groups of strength tests were performed with samples containing different water cement ratios after ageing for 3 d.7 d and 28 d. Based on the experimental results-a combined model was established for predicting strength at 3 d.7 d and 28 d with a combination of grey theory-fuzzy set theory and Markov theory. The measured values were plotted on the same scatter diagram as the values predicted with the GM(1-2) model-the regression analysis model and the combined model. A subsequent analysis verified that the combined model had higher accuracy and robustness than other models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two different materials of NiCrMoAlAg alloy and NiCrMoAlAg AI2 0$ composite were prepared by high energy ball milling and vacuum hot press sintering technology. The effects of Al20$ on the microstructure and mechanical properties of NiCrMoAlAg A12O$ composite were studied. The friction and wear properties of the composite and the wear mechanism were investigated from room temperature to 800 PC. The results show that the NiCrMoAlAg Al2 O3 composite is mainly composed of Ni based solution? Ag? Al2 O3 and trace phase. With the addition of AI2 0$，the density of the composite decreases ? but the hardness ?tensile strength and compressive strength of the composite increase» The friction coefficient of NiCrMoAlAg Al2 0$ composite decreases with increasing of temperature ? and the wear rates increases firstly and then decreases with increasing of temperature. SEM and Raman analysis show that a lubricating film composed of NiO ? M0O2，MoO$ and Ag2 M0O4 is formed on the worn surface during the friction process at 600 °C and above，which reduces the friction coefficient and wear rate of the composite at high temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Wenyang Yisui Recipe is developed based on Yougui Pills according to many years of clinical practice. The clinical application of Wenyang Yisui Recipe in the treatment of early knee osteoarthritis as a prophylactic and therapeutic treatment has achieved favorable clinical effect. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of Wenyang Yisui Recipe combined with arthroscopic osteochondral autografts in the treatment of cartilage lesions of the knee. METHODS: Eighty-three patients under arthroscopic osteochondral autografts for cartilage lesions of the knee were enrolled, including 49 males and 34 females, aged 40 to 67 years old, with an average of (50.2±4.8) years old. The course of disease ranged from 1 to 27 months, with an average of (12.3±5.2) months. According to the Doll’s method, all the patients were divided into study group and control group. The patients in the study group received arthroscopic osteochondral autografts, followed by oral Wenyang Yisui Recipe, 300 mL per day in two divided doses, beginning at 2 days postoperatively for 2 continuous weeks as a session, three sessions in total. The control group only undertook arthroscopic osteochondral autografts. The Lysholm score and visual analogue scale score were used for assessing the knee function and pain, respectively, before surgery and 3 months after surgery. The study protocol was implemented in line with the relevant ethical requirements of Wang Jing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences in February 2014 (approval No. 221). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All patients were followed up for 3 months after surgery. The study group was superior to the control group in the improvement of knee joint pain and swelling score at 3 months after surgery, and the intergroup difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The visual analogue scale score was significantly better in the study group than the control group at 3 months after surgery (P < 0.001). The visual analogue scale scores in the two groups were both improved at 3 months after surgery (P < 0.001). Therefore, arthroscopic osteochondral autografts combined with oral Wenyang Yisui Recipe can significantly ameliorate knee pain and function, with definite clinical effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land use/land cover change (LUCC) is one of the important driving forces of ecosystem services change. Because ecosystem services depend on different ecological and geographical processes on different spatial and temporal scales, it is of great significance to study ecosystem services based on LUCC. In recent years, the LUCC in the Lower Yellow River has changed obviously, which has a huge impact on the regional ecological environment. Strengthening the research on the land use and Ecosystem Services Value (ESV) can effectively promote the protection of the ecological environment in the Lower Yellow River, which is of great significance for the sustainable development of the whole Yellow River basin ecosystem. Based on the land use classification data of the Lower Yellow River from 1990 to 2015, using the land use change degree and land use transfer matrix, this paper explored the spatiotemporal distribution of land transfer change, and used the equivalent factor method, hot spot analysis and focus model to explore the spatiotemporal evolution and spatial heterogeneity of the county ecosystem service value in the Lower Yellow River. The results showed that: 1) During 1990-2015, the area of farmland, grassland and unused land decreased by 2 894, 1 476 and 856 km² respectively, and the area of built-up land increased by 4598 km² . Farmland was the main contributor of the increase of built-up land. 2) From the perspective of spatiotemporal scale, the ESV of the Lower Yellow River decreased by1.885 billion yuan in 25 years, and the areas with higher average ESV decreased gradually, while the areas with lower average ESV increased gradually. The ESV at the county level changed obviously, and most of the regions showed a downward trend. Sensitivity analysis showed that the ESV of the Lower Yellow River was inelastic to the value coefficient. Even though the value coefficient was uncertain, the calculation of ecosystem services in the whole study area was still stable, which could prove that the research results were credible. 3) From 1990 to 2015, the spatial concentration degree of the high value and low value areas of average ESV in the Lower Yellow River was obvious, but there was a trend of gradual weakening. The barycenter of ESV was located in Yuncheng County, Shandong Province. The ecosystem service value of Shandong Province was always higher than Henan Province. 4)The spatial differentiation of ecosystem service value in the lower reaches of the Yellow River was influenced by the interaction of natural factors, social factors and economic factors, and was the result of the interaction of different driving factors, among which the human comprehensive impact index has the greatest impact on the spatial differentiation of ecosystem service. Therefore, the ecological protection of the Yellow River should strengthen the protection of the vulnerable areas of the ecosystem, strengthen the construction of regional ecological barriers, build the evaluation system of the coordinated development of the ecological economy, and realize the high-quality development of the ecological economy in the Lower Yellow River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new method was developed to measure the pesticide deposition rate on fruit trees using canopy characteristics of fruit trees and leaf deposition. This new method has provided a general calculation method for the pesticide deposition rate in orchards with different planting patterns, which could solve the imprecise problem of traditional measuring methods for actual utilization rate of pesticides in orchards. The ground loss rate of an orchard atomizing sprayer in an orchard with sparse cultivation of vigorous stock was calculated. To prove the applicability of this new method, the value of the ground loss rate was compared with the pesticide deposition rate calculated by the method developed in this work. And this method was also verified by calculating the pesticide deposition rate in an orchard with low anvil dense planting and the pesticide deposition rate of the traditional stretcher plunger pump sprayer and the emerging plant protection UAV. The evaluation results of the ground loss rate was basically consistent with that of the pesticide deposition rate proposed by this paper. Those two methods both can be used for the evaluation of the pesticide utilization efficiency of a plant protection equipment. Of note, the method developed in this study is more comprehensive in terms of influencing factors about the pesticide utilization efficiency of a plant protection equipment. The influences of leaf deposition and canopy structure of trees were also considered. Moreover, this method is more suitable for orchards with different planting patterns. The pesticide deposition rate was calculated by using canopy characteristics of fruit trees and leaf deposition, which could reflect the actual utilization efficiencies of pesticides in orchard. Meanwhile, the canopy structure of orchard was quantified into "leaf area index", "canopy shadow area" and other indicators, which could be used to select suitable plant protection equipments for orchards with different planting patterns. Moreover, the outer drift of pesticides could also be calculated by using the measurement of ground loss rate, which could be used to optimize the plant protection equipment and achieve accurate spraying by adjusting spray angle, droplet size, spraying flow and other parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is a big agricultural country, and modern agricultural production can not do well without agricultural chemicals. After nearly 70 years of development, China's pesticide industry has gradually developed from imitation of foreign varieties to combination of imitation and independent innovation. On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the founding of China, this paper briefly summarizes the development history of agrochemicals discovery in China, and the structure, performance, discovery process, mode of action, patent and registration, and further prospect of most pesticides discovered and developed in China are also introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Timely and accurate information of crop planting structure is of great significance for monitoring agricultural conditions, estimating crop yield, adjusting agricultural structure and formulating food policies. However, currently only little explicit information about spatial crop patterns is known, especially in China where the farmland landscapes are extremely fragmented and heterogeneous. At present, techniques for quantifying crop spatial patterns may be insufficient to map crops in complex planting areas, the plot sizes of which are smaller than the spatial resolution of ready-to-use satellite data. In order to achieve the fine mapping of crops in complex planting areas, this study aimed to explore approaches that simultaneously mapping multiple crops on parcel scales with high spatial resolution images. A 2.9 km×2.6 km complex heterogeneous planting area in the suburb of Wuhan, Hubei Province was selected as the typical study area. Combined with high spatial resolution images, an improved method of fine crop mapping based on geo-parcels was presented. Using the spectral, shape and texture information of images, combined with random forest (RF), artificial neural network (ANN), and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithms, WorldView-2 images were accurately classified through the following steps. First, Worldview-2 images were visually interpreted to obtain the distribution of cropland and non-cropland in this study area, so as to mask out non-cropland information in remote sensing images. Second, the pre-processed WorldView-2 images were segmented by using the land parcel boundary vector data obtained from manual visual interpretation, and 32 feature variables of the image object were extracted, including NDVI, area, GLCM-correlation, etc. Third, the ReliefF-Pearson feature dimension reduction method was adopted to remove redundant features with high correlation and weak classification ability. Then, RF classification was performed with optimal features and field sampling data, and the accuracy of the classification results was evaluated. Subsequently, the accuracy of RF classification was compared with that of ANN and KNN to verify the effectiveness of RF algorithm. Finally, four feature combination sets were constructed based on optimal features, and RF classification accuracy was compared under four feature combinations to evaluate the contribution of shape and texture features to crop classification. The results showed that 1) The 12 feature variables, such as RVI, NDVI, GLCM-correlation and border length, were the optimal features of parcel-level crop classification based on high spatial resolution images, which can fully characterize image features and reduce data redundancy; 2) The RF method had the highest classification accuracy, with an overall accuracy of 79.07%, kappa coefficient of 0.76, and the overall accuracy of KNN and ANN method was above 70%; 3) Compared with the method of only using spectral features, adding shape or texture information could effectively improve the accuracy of crop classification, and the overall accuracy could be improved by 3.86% and 3.05%, respectively; 4) Based on the optimal features and RF classification method, the classification accuracy of rice, cotton, lotus, bare upland field and bare paddy field was over 80%, while that of abandoned cropland, peanut and ‘other crops’ was only about 60%. This study provides new ideas, methods and technical means for realizing the fine classification of crops by remote sensing in complex planting areas, and can provide references for accurate survey of crop planting information, refined management of rural land use and dynamic monitoring of agricultural industrial structure adjustment. In the future, the image segmentation technology will be further studied to ensure the consistency between segmentation objects and geographical entities as much as possible, and improve the accuracy and automaticity of crop remote sensing classification on parcel scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problem that it is difficult for the traditional fault diagnosis method to extract effective features from QAR data, this paper proposed a dual-channel fusion model called CNN-LSTM, which combined the CNN and the LSTM. Respectively as two channels, it fused CNN and LSTM through the attention mechanism to make the model be able to simultaneously express the features of the data in both space dimension and time dimension. And it also verified the validity of the feature extraction of the fusion model through time series prediction. Results of the experiment show that when compared with single CNN or LSTM, the dual-channel fusion model can extract data features more effectively, make the errors of both single-step prediction and multi-step prediction reduce by an average of 35.3%. It provides a new research idea for fault diagnosis based on QAR data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate the hydraulic fracturing effect in the low permeability reservoir of Huagu 6 well， a microseismic monitoring system was established on the surface of the well. Based on microseismic data， the spatio-temporal extension process and fracture mechanism of hydraulic fractures are analyzed by means of crack extension path and moment tensor inversion. The results show that the spatial distribution characteristics of fractures changed with the liquid viscosity. The injection of high viscosity liquid formed a fracture network with low fracture density. The injection of low viscosity liquid formed a large-ranged dense fracture network with short extension path， and many crack branches. The injection of medium viscosity liquid formed some fractures that initiated from the branching fracture ends. The fracture type was mainly shear fracture(89.5%)， and was not affected by the viscosity of the liquid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of the era of digital intelligent diagnosis and treatment, the clinical application of new techniques plays an important role in improving the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. The rapid development of digital intelligent diagnosis and treatment techniques, such as three - dimensional visual simulation, three - dimensional printing, virtual reality, augmented - reality surgical navigation, and radiomics, shows the new directions of the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic diseases and leads digital pancreatic surgery into the era of digital intelligence. With reference to related articles in China and foreign countries and the authors ’ experience in the digital intelligent diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer, this article elaborates on the current application of related techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer and introduces the application of these techniques in preoperative resectability assessment, individualized surgical planning, and visual - guidance surgery for pancreatic cancer, as well as the perspectives of the digital intelligent diagnosis and treatment techniques in improving clinical diagnostic rate of pancreatic cancer, selecting a reasonable treatment regimen, and improving the effect of surgical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moisture content of the aquatic feed after extruder is frequently high in the production process, and drying is necessary to reduce moisture content of the aquatic feed. The thickness of feed layer is an important parameter during the aquatic feed drying. On one hand, the thickness of feed layer represents the capacity of the belt dryer per unit time(the thicker the feed layer, the higher the productivity), which affects the working energy consumption of the belt dryer. On the other hand, the thickness of feed layer also affects airflow distribution inside the belt dryer, thus affecting the distribution uniformity of airflow velocity on the surface of feed layer. The airflow velocity on feed layer surface directly influences the moisture content of aquatic feed after drying, and the uniformity of airflow velocity on feed layer surface directly influences the uniformity of moisture content of aquatic feed. In this paper, effects of aquatic feed layer thickness on airflow distribution in belt dryer and airflow velocity distribution on feed layer surface was studied. Firstly, three different kinds of internal airflow distribution inside the belt dryer were simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), corresponding to three kinds of feed layer thicknesses (20, 30, 40 mm). Secondly, a belt dryer was designed and manufactured as the experimental platform based on the actual production needs in the National Feed Processing Equipment Engineering and Research Center. Thirdly, three series of experiments were conducted using the experimental platform corresponding to three kinds of feed layer thickness (20, 30, 40 mm). And repeat three times in every series of the experiment. Before the experiment, nine airflow velocity sensors were placed at nine points on the surface of the feed layer in order to measure the airflow velocity values of that nine points during the experiment. After the simulations and experiments, not only the simulation results of the airflow velocity distribution on the feed layer surface and experimental results of that were compared. but also the difference of airflow velocity distribution on feed surface between different feed layer thickness were compared. Results showed that the trend of airflow velocity distribution in simulation results and experimental results were consistent, which proved the simulations and experiments in this paper were reliable. Besides, the error between simulations and experimental results were also explained in this paper. According to the simulation and experimental results, aquatic feed layer thickness affected the airflow distribution inside the belt dryer and the airflow velocity distribution on the feed layer surface. When the feed layer thickness was 20 mm, the airflow velocity ranged from 0.6-1.3 m/s and the uniformity of airflow velocity distribution was not good. But when the feed layer thickness was 40 mm, airflow velocity ranged from 0.5-0.8 m/s and the uniformity of airflow velocity distribution was respectively good. The research in this paper provides theoretical guidance for the selection of feed layer thickness parameters in actual production of belt dryers, which can reduce the moisture content of aquatic feed and make the moisture content uniformity of aquatic feed good after drying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze and understand the epidemic situation and trend of HIV/AIDS in Changshou District of Chongqing,and to provide reference for the formulation of HIV/AIDS prevention and control measures. Methods The basic information system of HIV/AIDS prevention and control in disease prevention and control information system of China was used to download the epidemic data of HIV/AIDS new cases in Changshou District from 2003 to 2017 according to the current address, established a database and conduct descriptive epidemiological studies. Results 1 160 HIV/AIDS cases were reported in Changshou District from 2003 to 2017, of which 221 died, and the number of new cases was increasing year by year. Of the cases reported, 912 males accounted for 78.6%.People aged 15-<50 accounted for 69.5% of the total, and the proportion of people aged 50 and over were increasing year by year, reached 56.1%in 2017.Among the transmission channels, heterosexual transmission accounted for 68.1%,and its proportion was increasing year by year. The population classification was highest in retirement, household/unemployed people and farmers,29.7%and 28.0%respectively, and the proportion of cases classified as "unknown" was 11.6%. Statistics by sample source,the passive detection of other diseases in hospital or preoperative detection accounted for 43.1%. Secondly, 28.3% and 19.9% of the cases were reported by examination and consultation,detention or re-education through labor or physical examination of drug addicts. Conclusion The newly discovered cases of HIV/AIDS in Changshou District have increased year by year, mainly sexual transmission, and the proportion of males is higher than that of females, the proportion of people aged 50 and over in newly discovered cases has increased year by year. Intervention and testing of high-risk groups should be strengthened, publicity and education on AIDS knowledge for people aged 50 and over should be carried out, and the construction of voluntary counseling and testing clinics for AIDS should be strengthened to slow down and control the epidemic of AIDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on previous research and field investigation of the hazards chain, this paper analyzed the development type and structure of mountain hazards chain, using SINMAP slope stability analysis model to do numerical simulation of small watershed slope stability and analyze the regional distribution characteristics of instability in the basin. Using the focused model in the multiple hazards chain evolution model, it analyzed the development characteristics of geological hazards chain in the typical debris flow gully of small watershed—theHanlin gully. The results show that the hazard types of chain head are ground fissure, collapse, landslide, slope debris flow and gully debris flow. Due to the relatively narrow opening of Hanlin gully and the channel drainage capacity is weak, large-scale gully debris flow is formed by extreme rainfall or other extrasolar forces, so a barrier lake is easily formed. Once barrier lake dam can’t withstand the impact of huge debris flow, dam collapse is very likely to form major mountain flood disasters. Therefore, the mountain flood hazards chain forms the finally hazards chain after the debris flow hazard occurred in the Hanlin gully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Change detection from satellite images provides scientific foundations for natural resource management, disaster mitigation, ecological environmental protection and sustainable development. Change detection based on optical remote sensing image has become an important research area in the field of remote sensing. Over the past 40 years, scholars worldwide have developed many methods on remote sensing image-based change detection. This paper attempts to review and analyze the research progress made in change detection from the perspectives of the key problems, methods, challenges and application areas. The research achievements made in the past 40 years are summarized based on the publications both internationally and in China; the state-of-the-art change detection methods is analyzed; and furthermore new research initiatives for the future research innovation are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatial and temporal distribution of surface parameters and evapotranspiration(ET),and their variation,were determined in a typical area of Horqin Sandy Land. Landsat 7 remote sensing images and meteorological data were obtained and the Mapping Evapotranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration(METRIC)model was used to determine spatio-temporal variations of net radiation(Rn) and ET,ET properties under different land cover types,and the factors influencing ET. Three key results were obtained.(1) Model estimates were strongly linearly correlated with observed values,which confirmed that METRIC provided reasonable ET estimates in the Horqin Sandy Land.(2) The spatio-temporal variations of Rnand ET in the underlying surface of the study area showed that the inter-annual Rnand ET had the same trend in each year,with the maximum Rnand ET occurring from water bodies followed by farmland and meadows,while the minimum was from sandy dunes.(3) The coefficient of variation(CV) of sandy dunes was larger than that of farmland and meadows. The most obvious inter-annual variation occurred in sandy dunes,whereas farmland and meadows were stable. In all three types of land,inter-annual changes in ET were mainly due to meteorological factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigat the distribution and drug resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae in urinary tract infec⁃ tion of the hospital，and provide a reliable basis for the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection. Methods 510 urine culture specimens of UTIs patients admitted to the hospital from January 1，2007 to December 31，2016 were collected. Routine methods were used to isolate bacteria which were identified and tested for minimum in hibitory concentration by VITEK 2 Compact automatic bacteria analyzer. κ⁃B disk diffusion method as a supplement，and the results were judged according to CLSI standard. Results The isolating rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae was highest in nephrology department for 18.4%（94/510）；the resistance rates of Cephalosporins were all above 39.0%，that of Piperacillin/Tazobactam and Cefoperazole/Sulbactam were lower than 39.0%，that of Amikacin，Imipenem and Meropenem were lower than 22.0%；CRE isolating rate was rising. Conclusion Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important pathogen of nosocomial infection，whose isolatingand drug resistance rate are increasing. Paying great attention，strengthening the monitoring，nursing and infection control，as well as using antibiotic rationally are essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]