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Background: The financial sector, especially the Indonesian capital market, shows a positive trend with an increase in the number of IPO companies each year. The contribution of national GDP and the number of SME companies in Indonesia are high, so development efforts to facilitate the provision of capital through the capital market are carried out by the government. Basically, IPO funding obtained by the company will provide an opportunity for the issuer in the hope of improving financial performance so that the company's valuation among investors increases and also improves corporate governance. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the influence of Initial Public Offerings on Financial Performance, Good Corporate Governance and Valuation in SME’s Issuer on Indonesia Stock Exchange. Design/methodology/approach: The research was conducted using the Mann-Whitney test and OLS multiple regression analysis. Findings/Result: The results showed that financial performance has a significant difference after IPO particularly on activity ratio and leverage ratio. It is known that the variables company such as size, outstanding shares, profitability ratio and dummy covid have an effect on company valuation. While leverage, income and activity ratio have no effect on company value. In addition, leverage, company size, outstanding shares and dummy covid have significant effect on good corporate governance. Conclusion: Issues from SME can be considered potential options for investors in the capital market. Besides that, it encourages other SME to obtain funding from the capital market. Originality/value (State of the art): This study examines opportunities for SME companies that can increase their business scale through the capital market by meeting the requirements of financial performance prospects and the implementation of good corporate governance so that they can increase the company's value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trade distance is an important constraining factor underpinning the emergence of social and economic interactions of complex systems. However, agent-based studies supported by the granular analysis of distances are limited. Here, we present a complexity method that places the actual geographical locations of individual firms in Japan at the epicentre of our research. By combining methods derived from network science together with information theory measures, and by using a comprehensive dataset of Japanese inter-firm business transactions, we evaluate the effects of spatial features on the structural patterns of the economy. We find that the normalised probability distributions of the distances between interacting firms obey a power law like decay concomitant with the sizes of firms and regions. Furthermore, small firms would reach large distances to become customers of large firms, while trading between either only small firms or only large firms tends to be at smaller distances. Furthermore, a time evolution analysis suggests a reduction in the overall average trading distances in last 20 years. Lastly, our analysis concerning the trading dynamics among prefectures indicates that the preference to trade with neighbouring prefectures tends to be more pronounced at rural regions as opposed to the larger central conurbations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Working from home (homeworking) is currently a much discussed topic and an area of working life that is already becoming a standard issue for employees. Homeworking (HW) provides employees with a very important degree of flexibility and freedom in their work organization and thus represents an important management tool for an effective work-life balance. The ability to work from home has proved essential in the face of the two-year Covid-19 pandemic, which has confronted the whole world and especially business managers. A whole range of work (especially administrative work) moved to employees' homes very quickly. Homeworking has also become very widespread due to better IT support and online communication capabilities in most businesses and is poised to become even more prevalent in the future. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the aspects that influence the adoption of HW in the Czech Republic and to describe the different perceptions of HW depending on the size of the enterprise. The research was conducted towards the end of 2020 during the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. The authors managed to collect data from 216 enterprises through a questionnaire survey. Managers as the Covid-19 crisis, the nature of HW-enabling work and the possibility of working most frequently cited the main reasons for HW adoption during light sickness. Important aspects influencing the adoption of HW from managers' perspectives include the possibility of working in light sickness, the required availability of employees, as well as employee satisfaction and flexibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The security architecture of modern networks undergoes periodic changes, given (i) the diversity of security solutions, (ii) the emergence of new attack vectors, and (iii) corporate needs in terms of access control (ZTNA: Zero Trust Network Access). The complexity of setting up a secure infrastructure lies in the design of the network architecture, on the one hand, and the choice of configurations appropriate to the company's security policy, on the other. Indeed, misconfiguration is considered a vulnerability, which makes the task of setting up a secure network somewhat critical, given the technical skills it requires. In this paper, we will address this problem by proposing a modern security architecture applied to all sizes of enterprises: medium-sized, large, and sometimes even small companies. Therefore, we will describe the equipment required and their roles in the security layer, the security technologies adopted, and best practices for optimal deployment. To evaluate our proposal, we generated malicious traffic using the firewall inspection tester based on the "fit.py" script to study the architecture's resilience and behavior in the face of multiple attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern networks no longer only require a good level of quality of service. Indeed, thanks to the powerful infrastructures of operators and the variety of bandwidth available to businesses, Software-Defined Wide Area Network (SD-WAN) is now a reality. For this reason, security is currently a major challenge for businesses of all sizes, because all corporate data is exchanged via this public infrastructure. The problem of choosing the right security attributes for a given company for a specific flow always remains a challenge for the research community. Companies are currently opting for multi-site architectures for several reasons, including established business-to-business, business-to-consumer, or business-to-government partnerships. Our article involves measuring the impact of the security layer on the performance of multi-site infrastructures by varying a combination of 1) the number of sites, 2) the encryption algorithms, 3) the hashing algorithms, 4) the key extraction algorithms, and 5) the nature of the traffic (real-time, elastic, network). The results obtained will enable a company to choose the attributes that offer the best indicators of quality of service, taking these different variables into account. For the experimental study to be valid, we took measurements on a connected campus of several sites using solutions from different manufacturers, namely Cisco and Fortinet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial performance is an important phenomenon for measuring organizational success. This research aims to determine and analyze the influence of leverage, company size, and market value on financial performance. The research methods used are explanatory; the population used is food and beverage Manufacturing companies in the Food and Beverage sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2019 period are used to determine the number of samples in this study. From 31 December 2017 to 31 December 2019. The sampling technique used is a purposive sampling method and there are 12 companies published audited financial reports and reported them completely and consistently using the purposive sampling technique with criteria. The Source of data used is secondary data with a time series type of data. The hypothesis is tested using Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis with Smart PLS 3.0 software. The results show that Leverage has a significant effect on Financial Performance. At the same time, Firm Size had no significant effects on Financial Performance and Market Value had no significant effects on Financial Performance. This research implies that food and beverage companies need to develop financial strategies to improve their financial performance by increasing their leverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to assess the adequacy of state aid provided to Polish enterprises during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research sample encompasses 21,687 non-financial enterprises classified as large, medium, and small, accounting for 32.7% of all non-financial enterprises in Poland falling into these groups. The article develops an original method for measuring the justification and accuracy of state aid directed to enterprises in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, utilising changes in firms’ sales revenues. The conducted analyses confirmed that the level of effectiveness of support policies varied significantly across economic sectors. In the first year of the pandemic, support policies were most effective in sectors P (education), Q (healthcare and social assistance), and I (accommodation and food service activities). In the second and third years of the pandemic, sectors Q and E (water supply; sewerage, waste management, and remediation activities) exhibited the highest effectiveness. The analyses also led to the conclusion that sectors with lower average firm size measured by sales revenues demonstrated higher effectiveness of support policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims at an analysis of the capital structure and its determinants in companies listed in Poland compared to companies in other European Union countries. It begins with a presentation of the most influential theories and determinants of capital structure in European companies identified so far. The analyses show that companies in Poland are far less leveraged, especially with long-term debt, than companies from both old and new EU countries. Factors such as profitability, company size and inflation are the most important for the capital structure of all companies under scrutiny, irrespective of country. However, the strength of the relationship with leverage among the analysed groups of companies differs for the non-interest tax shield, operational risk, bid-ask spread, and GDP dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior studies have reported the positive impact of social media on box office performance. There is limited evidence of the dynamics of the positive impact and how box office performance influences social media. This study examines how owned social media (OSM) and earned social media (ESM) impact box office performance in a dynamic manner and vice versa in the opening week of movies. We also examine how these impacts vary with firm size of a movie's marketing company and platform specificity of where the movie is advertised. We applied the panel vector auto-regression method to analyze a merged dataset of 289 movies distributed in the Chinese movie market. We found that OSM and ESM had different impacts on box office performance. Box office performance reacted faster to ESM than to OSM and the reaction lasted longer to OSM than to ESM. In addition, the impact of OSM was more significant for large firms while ESM's impact was more significant for small firms. Finally, social media on specialized platforms did not have a faster impact on box office performance than that on general platforms. The impact on general platforms did not last longer than that on specialized platform. Overall, we recommend movie marketing firms develop tailored social media strategies by means of customizing their choices of social media based on firm size and platform specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interplay between a firm's customer portfolio and the firm's performance presents a theoretical conundrum that challenges traditional supply chains. In particular, the role of government customer concentration—how extensively a firm incorporates government entities as part of its customer base—emerges as a pivotal factor with the potential to both bolster and burden firm performance. Analyzing 3,643 firm‐year observations from the U.S. Federal Procurement Data System‐Next Generation, Compustat, and FactSet Revere reveals an inverse U‐shaped relationship between government customer concentration and firm performance. Excessive or insufficient government customer concentration adversely impacts performance, suggesting that a strategic balance is essential. Firm size, absorptive capacity, and network embeddedness are crucial in navigating this complex relationship, guiding a firm toward optimizing its government customer portfolio. This research advances the discourse on customer base management, underscoring the essential strategic considerations for firms interacting with government buyers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building upon resource-based view (RBV) theory, this cross-sectional study employed binary logistic regression to examine the influence of firm-level factors on the performance of 435 Tanzanian micro and small agri-food processing firms. The results of the study show that intangible resources, age (enterprise, manager), and management practices (target setting, working capital management, and performance monitoring) have a significant influence on firm performance. Firm size, tangible resources, and managers' education level were not significant predictors of firm performance. The findings confirmed the RBV argument that intangible resources contribute more to the variation in firm performance compared to tangible resources. This study adds to the limited research on the combined effect of firm-specific characteristics, firm resources, managerial characteristics, and selected management practices on the performance of micro and small firms in emerging economies. The findings will help managers to identify success factors that are significant for better performance and will support policymakers to design strategies that can effectively contribute to the development of micro and small enterprises in the agri-food subsector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study is to elucidate the impact of a vigorous board on the performance of firms. The contributive concept of vigorous board has been formulated through data employment analysis while contemplating the seven attributes such as board meetings, non-duality, number of external directors, number of supervisors, audit committee member, the presence of female among board members, and incumbent CEO education. Significantly, the data of Romanian manufacturing firms have been accumulated for the years 2009–2019. To contemplate with deep insight, the moderating impact of environmental disclosure, environmental performance, green innovation, and innovation output has been accentuated for firm performance. Empirical underpinnings signify that environmental performance and green innovation are the catalytic moderators for escalating the firms' performance under the aegis of vigorous board. Furthermore, environmental disclosure also increases the growth of Romanian companies, while innovation output remains stagnant. Under the aegis of upper echelon theory, theoretical contribution has been signified while emphasizing on environmental situation of Romanian firms. Remarkably, the moment quantile regression method demonstrates the long-term and short-term influence of the vigorous board, the size of the firms and the total sales, while the leverage and age of the CEO mitigate the firm performance in the short term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The article explores the linkages between the type of environmental strategy (ES), the use of internal communication (IC), and the greening of organizational culture (OC). Moreover, the article empirically examines whether company size matters in the use of environmental IC practices in the green context. Additionally, the article considers differences between people employed at different organizational hierarchy levels. The basis for such a comparison is their opinions about the effectiveness of communication practices. Design/methodology/approach: Empirical research employed a survey method done on 199 organizations in 2020. Statistical analyses used the chi-squared test, Kendall's Tau-b correlation coefficient, and the Mann–Whitney U test. Findings: The research showed that companies with a proactive green strategy more often use different communication practices related to ES and have a greener culture. The study proved that larger companies more often use the analyzed communication practices. However, we found no significant difference in opinion between middle managers and line employees about the effectiveness of these practices. Practical implications: The main contribution to business practice is the exploratory model based on the empirical study, which allows organizations to successfully implement the ES. Originality/value: Studies rarely combine the three organizational elements: IC, OC, and ES. This article provides new empirical evidence on relationships between features of OC, green strategy types, and communication practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are often used in business of various sizes and industries to assess operational efficiency and evaluate process effectiveness. A universal model for implementing and utilizing KPIs has been elaborated in the company, and its functionality has been verified in a selected enterprise. In accordance with the developed model, efficiency indicators have been proposed, and among them, key performance indicators (KPIs) have been selected. In addition to commonly used financial indicators, indicators evaluating the performance of the quality management system have been included, along with the need for quality cost optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The article identifies and explores differences in how employees and managers assess the importance of retention factors. It also looks at predictors of the importance employees attach to these factors. Research Design & Methods: Literature studies and quantitative empirical research were carried out with CAWI. The research questionnaire included a self-designed WCR form and the MQSS-JSS scale. Findings: Employees and managers differ in how they assess the importance of retention factors. Managers tend to underestimate the importance of individual factors. All of the predictors studied - company size, job satisfaction, age, gender and seniority - proved important in assessing the importance of the factors tested. Implications / Recommendations: Research results indicate the importance of personalisation in retention strategies. Effective retention strategies should take the predictors of the importance of specific factors for employees into account. Contribution: Managers' tendency to underestimate the importance of retention factors has been revealed and it has been shown that the individual and organisational features tested are important predictors of factor selection in retention strategies. Article type: original article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co-operative banks (CBs) in many countries have recently been experiencing increased competitive pressure. Although studies have analysed how competitive intensity affects the stability of CBs, research dedicated to its impact on employee attitudes is extremely scarce. Furthermore, it is unknown how human resource management (HRM) practices modify these relationships. To fill this gap, this article examines the influence of competitive intensity on turnover intention in CBs and assesses the moderating role of training and company size in this relationship. Several hypotheses are formulated on the basis of human capital theory and social exchange theory, which are then verified with data from a nationwide survey covering the responses of 1707 employees from 43 CBs in Poland. The results of multilevel modelling confirm that competitive intensity increases employee turnover intention. Moreover, this influence is much weaker when employees receive intensive training. Finally, adding company size to the analysis has a marginal impact on the interaction between competitive intensity and training. The article contributes to the literature on co-operative banks by analysing what shapes CB employees' attitudes in the current dynamic environment. It also adds to HRM research by exploring how contextual variables (competition, company size) affect turnover intention and interact with HRM practices (in particular, training). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to determine whether capital structure, investment decisions, and firm size have an impact on firm value by examining profitability as a moderating factor. A quantitative methodology is used in this study. The population used in this study are companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange through the website www.idx. co.id Jakarta Islamic Index 70 company in the 2019-2022 period. This study uses panel data regression model analysis. Within this research, STATA 17 version was used, also Breusch and Pagan Lagrangian is used to test the ordinary least square model versus random effect model regression. Meanwhile, Chow test is used to test ordinary least square model regression versus fixed effect model and Hausman test is used to find the most suitable panel data regression model between fixed effect model and random effect model. The results of this study indicate that capital structure affects firm value, investment decisions and firm size have no effect on firm value, profitability is able to moderate the effect of capital structure and investment decisions on firm value, while profitability is unable to moderate firm size on firm value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibility that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) mix and match prediction and non-prediction while making decisions during internationalization remains a highly unaddressed scenario. The rare studies considering it do not go beyond domestic effects when contextualizing the decisions that guide SMEs' foreign expansion. This study links SMEs' decision-making strategies to performance and suggests that such a relationship is moderated by the host market's institutional development and the associated institutional voids. The analysis combines primary survey data from 851 SMEs in Brazil, China, Italy, Poland, and Sweden with secondary data retrieved from the World Bank. Besides supporting both independent and synergistic performance effects of predictive and non-predictive strategies, the results indicate that foreign market institutions affect these effects differently and suggest firm size effects worth consideration. Contributions include the expansion of the debate on the relationship between prediction and non-prediction beyond the either-or reasoning that prevails in existing research and the contextualization of SMEs' decision-making strategies in terms of the institutional dynamics that SMEs encounter abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses how working from home affects workplace learning in terms of theoretical and practical knowledge during COVID19. We employ panel data gathered in monthly surveys of respondents in training companies between October 2020 and March 2022 to investigate this question. Apprentices in Switzerland are our case study. We address potential endogeneity concerns in two ways. First, we exploit variation across survey respondents and time in two-way fixed effects models. Second, we pursue an instrumental variable "shift-share"-type approach that leverages how occupations react to exogenous changes in working from home regulations. The results suggest that working from home has a significantly negative impact on practical knowledge but not theoretical knowledge, relative to frequenting the workplace. We do not find significant heterogeneity across company size. Similarly, our results do not vary significantly between occupations in which working from home is relatively more or less prevalent. Our findings remain robust to a wide range of robustness checks. Our evidence-based recommendations aim to preserve the acquisition of knowledge through workplace training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This research aims to determine the influence of environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors on market performance. The study shows the perspective of ESG on market performance. The study attempted to test the relationship between ESG and Tobin's Q and the effect of control variables. Design/methodology/approach: The study used panel data from a sample covering 720 firms and ran a fixed-effects model regression during the 2007–2019 period for eight European countries' listed companies. Findings: The findings reveal that ESG positively impacts Tobin's Q. According to the findings, high company ESG performance boosts market performance via the moderator effect of competitive advantage. The results indicate that all control variables are significant. The firm's leverage has a negative relationship with ESG. The size of the firm impacts ESG positively. Also, the results prove that the firm's size and industry positively affect Tobin's Q. Research limitations/implications: The findings of this study suggest that managers, practitioners and authorities interested in learning about ESG scores (ESGSs), market performance and competitive advantage might draw intriguing conclusions from the data. Managers can identify the appropriate levels of competitive advantage that improve market performance. Practitioners must determine whether fit, size, growth, leverage and industry could enhance market performance. The findings also give authorities and the board of directors information on future growth opportunities for the company and the country. Originality/value: The research presents a vision of how ESG factors affect market performance. This study aims to identify the positive link between ESGSs and European market performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning is the key for people to become different, have an identity and expand their creativity and dedication. That is also the key for a business to continuously grow in capacity, contributing to the overall development of the organization. The goal of this article is to explore the impact of organizational learning and organizational agility on innovation performance. Create cutting-edge solutions and improve corporate innovation performance by enhancing organizational learning and organizational agility across the business. In particular, businesses need to transform strongly to promptly adapt to market changes. The article uses quantitative research methods with the sample size of 295 enterprises in Vietnam. The results show that organizational learning and the general aspect of organizational agility measured in the study: sensing agility and responding agility have a positive impact on innovation performance. Thereby, suggestions to improve organizational agility and innovation performance basing on enhancing the positive impact of organizational learning are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the impact of company size on the application of human resources (HR) investments. Data were collected through a questionnaire distributed to 610 SMEs in the Czech Republic. Properly completed questionnaires were obtained from 581 enterprises. The data were evaluated using the Chi-square test of independence, Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and analysis of variance. Research questions were divided into four groups. The first group examined the application of HR investments as a reward, and the second group as a tool for increasing the interest in employment with the company. Another group focused on human capital management (HCM) and its impact on corporate financial performance. The last group dealt with HCM to improve the competitive advantage and the market position of the company. The results show that company size has a significant impact on the application of HC investments. In all groups, large enterprises (150+ employees) make investments to a greater extent than smaller companies. As for sector, the highest rating was recorded for companies operating in logistics and transport. The overall evaluation shows that large companies use the items more often, and no significant differences were recorded between different sectors. The findings may help large enterprises to realize that investment in human capital is long-term, increases competitiveness, and generates indirect returns. Small enterprises can also make investments in human capital, although to a limited extent, and it is not advisable to totally avoid such investments. The limitations are in the selected research method, the number of questions and respondents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a first assessment of the causal impact of the 2018–2021 reform in Korea meant to combat its long working‐hour culture. The reform consists of lowering the statutory limit on total weekly working hours from 68 to 52. We apply a difference‐in‐difference approach in which we take advantage of the stepwise implementation of the reform by firm size using individual‐level data. We present three main findings. First, the introduction of the 52‐h limit reduced but far from eliminated the incidence of working more than 52 h. Second, there is some evidence that the introduction led to a reallocation of working hours, with more employees shifting from working fulltime to working overtime within the new limit (41–52 h). Third, and more tentatively, this reallocation more likely took place within firms to account for fewer overtime hours worked by their employees, rather than within households to compensate for any income effects. Overall, our results show that a lower statutory limit can help to lessen a long working‐hour culture, but is an insufficient measure by itself to fully eradicate it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate the impact of industrial robotics, examining the process integration in a sample of +600 companies located in the Province of Brescia, an intensive industrial area in the North of Italy. Through a detailed economic investigation, this study analyses the adoption of robotic solutions in companies of varying sizes, using a survey and financial databases to investigate the most used types of robots, their applications, the impacts at the operational and personnel level, and the companies' growth (sales, employees, other). The results highlight a significant presence of robotic solutions, particularly articulated robots, in the large companies involved. Robotics diffusion positively correlates with significant improvements in terms of productivity and quality. The introduction of robots is associated with increased corporate growth indicators, including staff expansion. Large companies demonstrate a superior ability to adapt to these technologies, supported by more significant financial resources and a wide range of internal competencies for managing robots. Furthermore, large companies proactively hire qualified personnel or initiate internal training courses. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), although currently less equipped with robotic technologies, exhibit a significant interest in future adoption, highlighting the opportunity for growth and innovation. The results suggest that integrating robotics in the manufacturing sector not only constitutes an effective means to enhance operational performance but also acts as a catalyst for developing human capital and strengthening the local economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a framework that intersects strategic management and institutional economics, we show how differences in institutional environments and firm resources influence different types of strategic change (i.e., internationalization, innovation, and diversification) in family firms. We review 193 quantitative and qualitative articles to identify differences in strategic change and their performance consequences among family firms and between family and nonfamily firms. We conclude that institutional environments and firm resources impact not only the extent family firms engage in different types of strategic change but also their performance and long-term survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the nexus between working capital management (WCM) and financial performance of listed non-financial firms in Ghana. An unbalanced panel data for the period 2008 to 2021 was used for the study. It is observed that the residual terms of the models were cross-sectionally independent and all the series were first-differenced stationary and cointegrated in the long term The elasticities of the predictors were explored via the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) techniques. The findings of the study indicate that WCM proxied by accounts receivable period (ACP), accounts payment period (APP), and inventory turnover period (ITP) have significant positive effect on firms' financial performance measured by return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and return on capital employed (ROCE). This suggests that the working capital management practices of non-financial firms in Ghana improve their financial performance. Also, firm size and asset growth improve firm financial performance. On the causalities between the variables, bidirectional causalities between ACP, APP, ITP, size, and thecompanies' ROA, ROE, and ROCE are disclosed. Finally, causality from growth to the ROA, ROE, and ROCE of the firms are unraveled. It is recommended that policy makers of non-financial firms in Ghana should not overlook WCM practices in their financial decisions, since ignoring them could seriously compromise the firms' short- and long-term sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate attributes has been identified as one of the main factors that influence company’s growth. In line with this statement, this research work investigated the effect of corporate attributes on sustainable growth of listed conglomerate companies in Nigeria for the period of twenty-three years, 2000 to 2022. Secondary data acquired from annual report and accounts of sampled firms were used. Data obtained were subjected to analysis using descriptive, correlation and fixed effect regression technique. Results of fixed effect technique revealed that corporate attributes of profitability, assets efficiency, firm size and innovation of conglomerate companies in Nigeria have positive and substantial impact on their sustainable growth. Firm age and managerial ownership have favourable but frivolous effect on sustainable growth. Furthermore, the results also indicated that together as a whole all the corporate attributes examined by this research work has strong and important influence on sustainable growth of quoted conglomerate companies in Nigeria. It was recommends that management of quoted conglomerate companies in Nigeria should continue to sustain and further improve their corporate attributes that have positive and significant influence on their sustainable growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to analyse the relationship between the degree of use of accrual-based earnings management and real earnings management instruments and the size of public companies. The empirical analyses are based on the results of a survey of finance and accounting professionals representing 124 non-financial companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The Kruskal-Wallis test (along with tests of intergroup comparisons) was considered the primary method for assessing the relationships occurring between the variables considered. The research showed that the intensity of using accrual-based earnings management and real earnings management tools is statistically dependent on both the value of generated net revenues from the sale of products, goods and materials and the value of total assets of a given company. However, a greater diversification of the values of variables describing the degree of use of earnings management instruments was recorded in individual sub-populations separated on the basis of the value of realised sales. The research appears to be relevant from the perspective of a further search for the determinants of financial performance manipulation in the Polish capital market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper empirically investigates the association between the size of accounting firm offices and corporate tax aggressiveness. We find that clients audited by large offices have lower levels of corporate tax aggressiveness. We also find that such a negative relation is less pronounced when an accounting firm office provides tax services or when the office possesses tax‐specific industry expertise, and it is more pronounced when a client is financially important. The study contributes to the literature by documenting the role of accounting firm offices in influencing tax aggressiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigating the impact of sustainability committee characteristics (SCCs) on corporate sustainability performance (CSP) utilised environmental, social and governance (ESG) scoring. Based on secondary data obtained from Refinitiv, Fame and FTSE 150 databases, the sample consists of 112 non‐financial companies from 2010 to 2018, thus 926 firm‐year observations. The results reveal a positive and significant relationship between organisational factors including firm size, profitability and firm age across combined ESG and environmental scores. As for the sustainability committee characteristics, there is a positive association between frequency of committee meeting and age diversity with governance scores and a negative relationship between frequency of committee meeting and environmental performance. The empirical finding shows positive and negative relationships under the presence of focussed and non‐focussed committees equally. Furthermore, the presence of focussed or non‐focussed sustainability committees (SCs) do appear to have an association with the overall CSP. Furthermore, this paper provides empirical evidence of the insignificant relationship of SCC with the sub‐dimension of social performance, which contradicts our hypothesis and existing studies. Together with SCC's weak associations with environment and governance dimensions, this finding supports the argument that firms are actively using sustainability committees to create positive public image and reputation to protect legitimacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainability issues became ever more important for firms' business strategies. Not living up to public and stakeholders' expectations results in controversies damaging the firm's reputation. Firms integrate sustainability aspects – environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues – in their business strategies to satisfy stakeholders ranging from customers to investors. Substantial resources are invested to increase their sustainability engagement to avoid sustainability‐related controversies. However, the degree to which sustainability engagement is effective is an open issue, as the occurrence of sustainability‐related controversies has structural components, which are under the firms' control, but also random components. Using data on firms' sustainability engagement, this paper investigates to what degree firms can actually avoid controversies by engaging in sustainability and to what degree such controversies are caused by factors beyond the firm's control, like random events or the societal environment. Our findings indicate strong sustainability engagement to be a significant factor for avoiding controversies, albeit the magnitude of the effect is very limited. While controversies are not purely random events, they are driven strongly by factors beyond the firm's strategic control, like firm size and country of origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of data-driven innovation and information quality on the adoption of blockchain technology on crowdfunding platforms through adopting a mono method quantitativae approach. Micro-level theoretical perspectives have been less explored in studies of successful crowdfunding innovation than macro-level theoretical perspectives. Furthermore, crowdfunding platforms' performance varies because of issues like trust, information asymmetry, and transparency of funds flow, among others. There is a solution to these issues in the form of Blockchain Technology (BCT). While BCT has been adopted and used by other businesses, its adoption and usefulness for crowdfunding platforms have not been studied. We investigate crowdfunding platform success using the "task-technology fit theory" and "resource-based view theory". Authors collected primary level data from task owners of crowdfunding platforms to test the hypotheses. The proposed theoretical model is tested with a sample size of 314 business units, and the proposed hypotheses are tested using Warp PLS 7.0. We also control for the type of crowdfunding activities for our study. The study will help in understanding and improving the success of crowdfunding tasks on crowdfunding platforms. Additionally, it will contribute to TTF and RBV theory as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The successful implementation of Business Process Management (BPM) requires a holistic perspective. Previous studies have found that the adoption of BPM Methods (BPMM) indirectly contributes to Process Performance (PP) by building a culture that supports BPM. This study examines the mediating role of BPM Culture (BPMC) and the moderating role organization size on the Performance of BPMM and Processes in Situbondo Regency and Surabaya City. Surveys were designed and distributed to employees in each agency. The results are analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results reveal that organizational size also influences the BPMC relationship between BPMM and PP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial literacy is the ability of people to process economic information to make better financial decisions. Therefore, the financial literacy of entrepreneurs could affect the management of their companies and their results. The aim of this research is to determine if there is a significant relationship between companies' performance and financial knowledge, financial behavior, and financial attitude of micro, small, and medium-sized entrepreneurs. The incidence of the variables age, size, and sector of the companies, as well as the entrepreneur's age, gender, and educational level on companies' performance, is also analyzed. Data from 206 entrepreneurs from Veracruz, Mexico, were analyzed using a logistic regression model. The results show that the financial behavior of the entrepreneurs has a positive and highly significant effect on companies' performance, although the entrepreneur´s knowledge and attitude don´t have a significant relationship with companies´ performance. The results also show that companies in the industrial sector led by men are less likely to obtain high performance compared to those in the commerce sector. No incidence was found of the variables age, size of the company, and entrepreneur´s educational level on the performance of their companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research paper is to propose a robust framework for understanding the correlation between organizational learning, innovation, and the performance of Saudi Arabian firms, encompassing both financial and non-financial aspects. Additionally, the study evaluates how factors such as "firm type" and "firm size" influence organizational learning, innovation, and overall firm performance. For this study, we distributed a questionnaire to Jeddah, Saudi Arabia's private firm employees for a year. Analysis involved 815 complete sets, utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to explore relationships among latent variables via path analysis. Organization learning significantly enhances both financial and nonfinancial performance. Additionally, innovation positively influences firm performance. The combined impact of organizational learning and innovation strongly influences overall firm performance. Introducing the mediating variable "type of firm" enhances the relationship between organizational learning, innovation, and firm performance, as depicted in Model 2. The result of path analysis shows that "firm size" as moderating variable is significantly negatively related with innovation and firm performance. This study contributes by exploring the interplay of organizational learning, innovation, and their impact on firm performance, particularly within the emerging Saudi context, enhancing existing knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, disasters caused by climate change have brought marked losses to individual economic agents. To cope with fluctuating climate risks, climate policies have witnessed frequent adjustments worldwide, resulting in heightening uncertainty on climate policies that have become an important factor affecting business operations. This paper uses a fixed-effects model to study the role of climate policy uncertainty on the financialization of China's A-share listed enterprises. Our results find that a rise in climate policy uncertainty has a dampening effect on corporate financialization, while energy-intensive enterprises are most affected. Although climate policy uncertainty negatively impacts the size of enterprises' financial assets, the impact varies for different types of financial assets. We recommend that the government should maintain a robust climate policy to prevent frequent policy changes from harming company operations. This paper fills the gap by investigating the relationship between climate policy and corporate financialization. Under the backdrop of a rising climate policy uncertainty, our findings possess important implications for the improvement in enterprises' business strategies and policy effectiveness against global climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green technology is a sign of sustainability, productivity, and minimizing the negative impacts on the manufacturing process. This study investigates the impacts of green technology implementations (GTI) on employee size, age, and job experience in the manufacturing process. The investigation of three parameters designed the questionnaire approach to get study aims. The questionnaires were distributed to those manufacturing firms that utilize green technologies. To achieve study objectives, linear regression, generalized linear model, and Shannon entropy algorithms were proposed to analyze the empirical data. Based on the examination technique, the GTI influence on labor size indicated that an R-value (0.585), labor age (0.546), and (0.346) was a significant impact. Simultaneously, the data were examined through the Shannon entropy algorithm and the found satisfactory examination of three parameters. The present work was robust evidence via empirical analysis of GTI impacts leading to multiple configurations of employee satisfaction and increment production performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inability of labor markets to function effectively to satisfy the needs of employers and workers suggests that there is a growing need for policy interventions to promote workplace cultures of learning and innovation. Past research suggests that publicly funded incumbent worker training programs are a promising antidote against market failures. With only a handful of studies published in the last two decades, however, this is one of the least-researched types of business support programs. This paper examines the impact of a state program in California that uses a pay-for-performance approach to reimburse employers that train their employees: the California Employment Training Panel (ETP). Based on a mixed-methods study of ETP, the authors found that, overall, ETP had positive and significant impacts on company sales and firm size. The study suggests the need to abandon ideological debates and engage in more evidence-based policy discussions about incumbent worker training programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Firms adopt different green supply chain management (GSCM) practices at varying levels. Drawing on institutional field theory, this study aims to explore the heterogeneity in GSCM practice adoption considering different firm characteristics, including firm size, industry, and ownership. Secondary data from 394 firms operating in China show that four organizational groupings—brown, light brown, light green, and green—firms exist. Multinomial logistic regression results show that larger firms and firms in the electronics industry are more likely to be greener, indicating that firm size and industry play a strong role in discriminating GSCM practice adoption. Interestingly, no differences between domestic and foreign‐owned firms exist, implying that the gaps in institutional perspectives between Chinese domestic and non‐domestic ownership may be disappearing. This study provides practical implications for strategic benchmarking of GSCM practices. The results also have broader implications for firm operations within China and Chinese firms competing elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to assess the readiness of Italian farms to actively engage in the journey of "Agriculture 4.0" (Agri 4.0). Specifically, the focus lies on analyzing the levels of knowledge and adoption of specific Agri 4.0 enabling solutions, while also considering the underlying business needs and the primary benefits of the paradigm. A descriptive survey was conducted involving 543 respondents associated with agricultural companies of varying sizes. The collected data was analyzed to address four specific research questions. The survey findings indicate that Italian farms are at different stages in their progression towards the Agri 4.0 paradigm, primarily influenced by their revenue and land size. Furthermore, notable similarities exist in both the benefits associated with adopting the Agri 4.0 paradigm and business needs that bring farmers in adopting such technologies. In terms of future research, conducting a similar study in other countries would be beneficial for comparative and benchmark analyses. Despite scholarly discussions regarding technology adoption and the benefits of the Agri 4.0 paradigm are present to the authors' knowledge few empirical surveys have been conducted thus far to evaluate the level of digital solution adoption in agriculture within a specific country. Specifically, this preliminary study follows research conducted two years ago, paving the way for a longitudinal comparison of the two datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Existing theories on the determining factors of corporate investment decisions raise the importance of financial market imperfections in explaining investment behavior. Many factors have been proposed as drivers of investment, mainly in developed economies, while emerging countries have almost been neglected. The main purpose of this study is to examine the effect of financing constraints on the investment behavior of a small context, namely, Jordan, with an imperfect environment. Design/methodology/approach: This study considers panel data regressions from the industrial companies traded at the Amman Stock Exchange with a total of 1,058 firm-year observations. Findings: The results are able to demonstrate that business size, tangibility, market-to-book ratio, profitability, financial slack and leverage are major drivers of investment choices. The results support the importance of information asymmetry in explaining the investment behavior of firms. Nonetheless, the Q-theory is in place, as is firm agility. Practical implications: Policies to reduce information asymmetry are immediately needed to help firms increase investments by providing them with access to training, technology and market information. They also should enhance the firms' opportunities for growth. Moreover, they should make it easier for businesses to access financial slack, such as by improving access to credit and financial institutions. They also can work to improve the financial infrastructure to meet the financing needs of businesses. Finally, smaller businesses should be assisted by improving their ability to invest and grow. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is one of the first studies, if any, to investigate this issue in a distinct environment. Despite the unique characteristics of Jordan, the findings are applicable to other countries that experience comparable political and economic circumstances because Jordan has traits common to many emerging nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the applicability of different algorithms in forecasting the audit opinion on the financial statements of listed companies in Vietnam. We collected data from 492 enterprises listed on the stock market from 2016 to 2020 with 2460 observations, of which 154 observations have audit reports that are unqualified opinions, accounting for 6.26%. We use logistic regression algorithms, decision trees, and random forests. We consider two research models to assess the influence of factors, including groups of financial factors, factors belonging to the Board of Directors, and other factors on the audit report with an unqualified opinion. For model machine learning algorithms, the data is divided into two sets of Training and Testing with a ratio (of 80:20). The Testing dataset is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the predictive model. The results show that the audit opinion of the previous year has the most significant influence on the audit opinion, followed by profit after tax on equity, the ratio of receivables to revenue, and the business size. In particular, the ability to accurately predict the total non-acceptance audit opinion reaches 97% for the random forest algorithm. This study contributes to the current literature by examining which algorithm is appropriate for predicting the auditor’s opinion. Furthermore, this research adds empirical findings to the literature on audit reports to make the financial statement audit process more efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to investigate the factors that impact the implementation of strategic management accounting (SMA) practices in Vietnamese enterprises. While SMA is considered a modern management tool that provides relevant information for decision-making, as managers increasingly view SMA as a vital modern management tool that provides valuable information for long-term strategies and daily activities. Although many motivating factors can influence the use of SMA, recent digitalization trends, particularly the application of big data, have the potential to enhance SMA implementation. However, factors such as managers’ perceptions of SMA, knowledge of big data, accountants, corporate culture, enterprise size, networking, information system (IS) quality, and market competition may also significantly impact the adoption of SMA techniques. This exploratory study employs a quantitative survey approach, and data is collected using purposive sampling techniques from 180 Vietnamese enterprises. The findings indicate that networking, enterprise size, corporate culture, big data, and IS quality have a positive relationship with the implementation of SMA practices. Moreover, the role of big data as a new factor impacting SMA practices is identified. The study’s contribution lies in providing insights into the influencing factors on SMA practices in Vietnamese enterprises, benefiting both practical management and theoretical perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study provides an in-depth analysis of employment trends within the European Union's meat processing industry over a ten-year period, from 2011 to 2020. It specifically focuses on companies across various employee size categories, emphasizing Romania's position within these dynamics. The research employs comprehensive data from Eurostat, assessing changes in the labour force across different company sizes and countries. The study uncovers notable variances in labour force evolution, reflecting the distinct impacts of economic conditions, industry-specific factors, and regulatory frameworks in each nation. Germany exhibited a significant rise in its labour force in larger companies, while Spain showed the highest growth rate, more than doubling its labour force in this sector. Contrarily, Poland experienced a minor decrease, illustrating a different trend. Italy and Romania both marked considerable growths, with Romania demonstrating notable progress, particularly in larger companies. These findings highlight the multifaceted nature of labour dynamics in the EU meat processing industry, influenced by a complex interplay of market demand, technological advancements, and economic policies. The study underscores the sector's essential role in the EU's economy and the need for adaptable labour force strategies in response to changing industry landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Facultad de Ciencias Economicas: Investigacion y Reflexion is the property of Revista Facultad de Ciencias Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the modern business world, where hybrid business processes are widespread, effective resource and operations management defines the success of companies. One of the most critical areas is logistics, which is a critical component for many organizations, regardless of size or industry. The management of logistics processes is becoming more complex every year, as the demands on the industry are becoming more complicated and today consists not only of efficiency issues but also of environmental friendliness, and globalization. In this situation, RPA technology is one of the main solutions, enabling companies to achieve new levels of efficiency, accuracy, and speed in managing warehouse processes. In this article, we will consider modern approaches to managing hybrid business processes using the example of warehouses and explore how RPA technology has become the main optimization tool. The paper observes specific examples of the use of RPA in the context of warehouse management, identifies the benefits and risks associated with automation, and defines the development prospects and future of this innovative technology in logistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic capabilities analyze the sources and methods of better performance and wealth creation and capture by firms operating in environments of rapid technological changes. Based on this, The objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between absorptive, adaptive, and innovation capabilities on financial and non-financial performance of family businesses was analyzed in the context of emerging economies, a relationship that has not been analyzed in this context. Through the application of structural equation modeling in a sample of 235 family businesses of agricultural supplies and machinery, located in the G46 and G47 categories of the International Standard Industrial Classification – ISIC, the results allowed us to identify that absorptive capability has a positive influence on financial performance, while innovation capability has a positive influence on no-financial performance. No evidence was found that other capabilities were related to the performance of the organizations analyzed. In addition, it was shown that the size of the companies does not generate any moderating effect in the relationship between these variables. This study contributes to dynamic capabilities theory by exploring how absorptive and innovative capabilities influence financial and non-financial performance in a specific and underexplored context: family businesses in emerging economies. Furthermore, the importance of developing and enhancing absorptive and innovation capabilities is high-lighted. This could lead to the implementation of training programs, investment in R&D, and adoption of knowledge management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People who have lost their jobs are affected by the Covid-19 epidemic, which lowers demand and prevents them from updating daily used internet services. A company’s deteriorating financial health may be a warning indication of impending financial trouble. With company size serving as a moderating variable, the purpose of this study is to ascertain the impact of earnings management, corporate strategy, the board of directors, and debt asset ratio on financial distress. Ten telecoms businesses in Southeast Asia were the result of the purposive sampling technique from 2013 to 2022. Both logistic regression and moderated regression analysis are used in this study. These findings show how financial hardship simultaneously affects management of earnings, corporate strategy, the board of directors, and the debt asset ratio. However, financial distress is partially impacted negatively by the factors debt asset ratio, board of directors, and earnings management. The business strategy variable is now untouched by financial difficulties. Financial distress is not significantly impacted by company size, which moderating the debt asset ratio from the regression analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]