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This paper offers an overview of the history of queer activism in South Korea, paying special attention to the formation of yeondae (solidarity) and sosuja jeongchi (minority politics) in queer politics since the 1990s. In particular, this paper engages in the ways in which queer activism has aligned and/or conflicted with broader social movements in postauthoritarian South Korea. This paper traces the radical kernel of queerness in practicing solidarity based on anti-capitalist and feminist critiques, bridging a range of forms of social marginality in South Korea. Queer activists have contested heteronormativity in mass protests and critically intervened in the democratic nation-building process of the liberal regimes of Kim Dae-jung (1998--2003), Roh Moo-hyun (2003--2008), and Moon Jae-in (2017--present) presidencies, as well as the Candlelight Protests (2016--2017) against Park Geun-hye. In curating and portraying six historical scenes of queer protests, this paper illuminates queer activist labor to imagine a new futurity based on minority politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to test the hypothesis that the fundamentals of the supply chain relationships have not changed during the digital transformation period in Korea between 2006 and 2018. Design/methodology/approach - The data for this study were collected through a questionnaire-based survey during two different time periods in Korea, 2006 and 2018. Findings - This study reveals that supply chain professionals in 2006 regarded trust building process as the most important construct for the successful supply chain operations while in the 2018 survey, trust-based commitment became the most important construct. This paper concludes that supply chain sustainability will be enhanced based on strong supply chain relationship framework. Originality/value - This study reaffirmed that a supply chain relationship built on a trust-based commitment is still the pathway to successful supply chain implementation. As far as we know, no studies have been published in examining supply chain relationships during the digital transformation in two time periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bibliometric approach using network analytical methods was applied to explore the research trends on acupuncture for neck pain treatment. Publications related to acupuncture for neck pain treatment from 2000 to 2020 were retrieved from the Web of Science database. The extracted records were analyzed in terms of publication year, research area, journal title, country, organization, authors, and keywords. The research trends on acupuncture for neck pain treatment were visualized using the VOSviewer program. Analyses of 325 articles revealed that the total number of publications has continually increased over the last 20 years. The most represented research area was integrative complementary medicine. The country producing the most articles was the US, followed by China, England, and the Republic of Korea. By assessing the total link strength of organizations and authors, we identified influential organizations and authors who have contributed to research on acupuncture for neck pain treatment. A network analysis based on the cooccurrence of keywords revealed the following two major study designs: clinical study and research methodology. This study examined the research trends on acupuncture for neck pain treatment using bibliometric methods. Our findings provide useful guidelines for researchers in searching for relevant topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the scale of electricity consumption grows, the peak electricity consumption prediction of campus buildings is essential for effective building energy system management. The selection of an appropriate model is of paramount importance to accurately predict peak electricity consumption of campus buildings due to the substantial variations in electricity consumption trends and characteristics among campus buildings. In this paper, we proposed eight deep recurrent neural networks and compared their performance in predicting peak electricity consumption for each campus building to select the best model. Furthermore, we applied an attention approach capable of capturing long sequence patterns and controlling the importance level of input states. The test cases involve three campus buildings in Incheon City, South Korea: an office building, a nature science building, and a general education building, each with different scales and trends of electricity consumption. The experiment results demonstrate the importance of accurate model selection to enhance building energy efficiency, as no single model's performance dominates across all buildings. Moreover, we observe that the attention approach effectively improves the prediction performance of peak electricity consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO), officially named as Danuri, is the Republic of Korea's first spacecraft to orbit the Moon. The goal of KPLO is to secure core deep space technology for future space exploration in Korea and contribute to lunar science by gathering data from the lunar orbit for one year. This paper presents the results of KPLO's Lunar Orbit Acquisition (LOA) phase in detail, with a particular focus on the operational results of Flight Dynamics (FD). During the LOA phase, the KPLO FD team experienced many expected and unexpected issues. These issues were mitigated by making real-time updates to the LOA phase Design Reference Mission (DRM). The paper also presents the results of the Orbit Determination (OD) and performance of each Lunar Orbit Insertion (LOI) maneuver conducted during the actual flight operation. The importance of considering operational constraints when designing the DRM is emphasized by presenting lessons learned based on actual flight experiences. Unlike the original KPLO LOA phase DRM, KPLO successfully achieved the final mission orbit using only three LOI burns, instead of the planned five LOI burns and an Orbit Trim Maneuver (OTM). Despite the extensive revisions made to the DRM, all mission requirements were still fulfilled during the final lunar orbit insertion, taking into account the significant operational constraints. • Real flight operation results of the Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter's lunar orbit acquisition phase are presented. • Orbit determination and lunar orbit insertion maneuver performance are analyzed based on actual flight data. • Unexpected issues during the actual flight operation were mitigated through real-time updates on the design reference mission. • Considering real-world operational constraints while designing the design reference mission is very critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze significant changes in family law and their relationship to gender equality, which has emerged as one of several factors contributing to low fertility in Korea from a socio-legal perspective. Fertility changes in Korea can be categorized into two distinct periods. The first period, spanning from 1960 to the late-1990s, saw a rapid decline in the fertility rate from approximately six children per woman to slightly below the replacement level. The second period began around the early 2000s, and is characterized by a further decline in the fertility rate to an extremely low level that continues until recent times. During the first phase of low fertility, several revisions were made to the family law, including major revisions related to hojuje, along with subsequent changes. This paper analyzes the implications of some of these family law revisions, specifically, examining provisions related to son preference and gender discrimination in inheritance and the parent-child relationship in family law and their impact on fertility. Through this analysis, this study aims to establish a connection between the revisions of family law and changes in fertility, ultimately shedding light on the complex relationship between law and society in modern Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Is collective agency important for information security management? Drawing on social cognitive theory, this paper proposes four efficacy-shaping factors as antecedents of workgroup collective efficacy and examines its influence on workgroup information security effectiveness. For empirical analysis, a structural model is proposed with theoretical support. 306 individual responses were collected from 33 branch offices of a law enforcement organization in South Korea. Our results support the focal hypotheses that workgroup collective efficacy has significant positive relationships with its antecedents as well as workgroup information security effectiveness. This indicates that the exercise of collective agency is important in enhancing information security effectiveness in organizations. Further theoretical and practical implications will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Streptococcus pneumoniae has been one of the most common bacterial causes of disease in humans, its impact has been blunted by the broad use of vaccines. Since 2018, the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in Korea decreased with effective pneumococcal vaccines but is on the rise again recently. In this paper I will review the epidemiology, risk factors, and antibiotic resistance of invasive pneumococcal disease after the introduction of the pneumococcal vaccine in Korean adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in maritime traffic and vessel size has strengthened the need for economical and safe maritime transportation networks. Currently, ship path planning is based on past experience and shortest route usage. However, the increasing complexity of the marine environment and the development of autonomous ships require automatic shortest path generation based on maritime traffic networks. This paper proposes an efficient shortest path planning method using Dijkstra's algorithm based on a maritime traffic network dataset created by extracting maritime traffic routes through a spatial-temporal density analysis of large-scale AIS data and Delaunay triangulation. Additionally, the depth information of all digital charts in Korea was set as a safety contour to support safe path planning. The proposed network-based shortest path planning method was compared with the path planning and sailing distance of a training ship, and compliance with maritime laws was verified. The results demonstrate the practicality and safety of the proposed method, which can enable the establishment of a safe and efficient maritime transportation network along with the development of autonomous ships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maritime shipping is considered a major air pollutant that directly affects global warming and climate change. This study aims to design an emission control route (ECR) that can contribute to long-term initiatives along with emission prevention policies. Applying a scenario analysis, this paper has analyzed the impact of ECR implementation on air quality in the shipping route between Korea and Japan. In this study, the ECR is defined as eco-friendly shipping routes that recommend maintaining a specific level of speed while sailing. Based on the navigation trajectories of 55 O/Ds, which were extracted by the automatic identification system (AIS) data of 135 container ships for each port call during one year, the ECR domains were designated. To analyze the introduction impacts, this study employed a scenario analysis based on the current Vessel Speed Reduction Program (VSRP) recommendation of 12 knots or less. The results demonstrated that the introduction of ECR in the liner services between Korea and Japan would increase the average travel time by 10.47–16.98%. However, according to the results of the scenario analysis, the introduction of the ECR can reduce emissions by 25.65% to 39.73%. By suggesting the initial concept of ECR and analyzing the emission reduction effects of its implementation, this study provides useful insights for a balance between economic and environmental performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The residual value (RV) of a vehicle refers to its estimated worth at some point in the future. It is a core component in every auto finance product, used to determine the credit lines and the leasing rates. As such, an accurate prediction of RV is critical for the auto finance industry, since it can pose a risk of revenue loss by over‐prediction or make the financial product incompetent through under‐prediction. Although there are a number of prior studies on training machine learning models on a large amount of used car sales data, we had to cope with real‐world operational requirements such as compliance with regulations (i.e., monotonicity of output with respect to a subset of features) and generalization to unseen input (i.e., new and rare car models). In this paper, we describe how we addressed these practical challenges and created value for our business at Hyundai Capital Services, the top auto financial service provider in Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continued interest in air pollution and stratospheric ozone variability has motivated the development of a Geostationary Environmental Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) for hourly ozone monitoring. This paper provides the atmospheric science community with the world's first assessment of GEMS total column ozone (TCO) retrieval performance and diurnal ozone variation. The algorithm used for GEMS is a more advanced version of its predecessor, the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) V8, that incorporates several improvements, including a new lookup table, a simple Lambertian-equivalent reflectivity model, and a spectral dependence correction. The GEMS algorithm also uses the optimal estimation method (OEM) to make error analysis more accessible and robust. The estimated retrieval errors range from 1.5 to 2 DU in September and 2 DU in December, with a constant degree of freedom of the signal (DFS) of 1 in September and a variable DFS of 1.25 to 1.4 in December throughout the day, depending on solar zenith angle (SZA). To assess the performance of the GEMS algorithm, the hourly GEMS total ozone was compared with ground-based measurements from Pandora instruments and other satellite platforms from TROPOMI (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument) and OMPS (Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite Nadir Mapper). GEMS has a high correlation of 0.97 and small RMSE values compared to Pandora TCO at Busan and Seoul in South Korea. It is notable that despite exhibiting seasonal dependence in the mean bias of GEMS with Pandora, GEMS is capable of observing daily variations in ozone that are highly consistent with Pandora measurements, with a bias of approximately 1 %. The comparison of GEMS TCO data with TROPOMI and OMPS TCO data shows a high correlation of 0.99 and low RMSE compared to TROPOMI and OMPS TCO data, but the data have a negative bias of -2.38 % and -2.17 %, with standard deviations of 1.33 % and 1.57 %, respectively. Similar to OMPS, the influence of SO 2 from volcanic eruptions is not properly removed in some regions, leading to GEMS overestimating TCO in those areas. The mean biases of GEMS TCO data with TROPOMI and OMPS TCO are within ±1 % at low latitudes but become negative at midlatitudes, with an increasingly negative dependence on latitude. Furthermore, this dependence becomes more prominent from summer to winter. The empirical correction applied to the GEMS irradiance data improves the dependence of the mean bias on season and latitude, but a consistent bias still remains, and a marginal positive trend was observed in December. Therefore, further investigation into correction methods is needed. The results are a meaningful scientific advance by providing the first validated, hourly UV ozone retrievals from a satellite in geostationary orbit. This experience can be used to advance research with future geostationary environmental satellite missions, including the incoming TEMPO (Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution) and Sentinel-4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Referring to the wave of digital feminism in the modern era, this paper formulates the problem of South Korea's digital feminism strategy in reconstructing Confucianism culture with respect to morality. The study aims to analyze the development of digital feminist activist morality in South Korea against the background of a Confucian society and rapid economic growth. Of the numerous online feminist activist groups, Megalia and Womand have garnered attention from several feminist scholars. Moreover, later Webtoon comic artists incorporated feminist ideologies into their comic narratives. Based on Andrew Heywood's cultural conflict and identity politics perspective, as well as political morality in realism, the author has identified two crucial findings. First, the three of them operate from a realistic perspective that excludes Confucian morality as a factor in their decision making. Second, Megalia and Womand tend to exhibit radical behavior due to their exclusive focus on identity politics. This contrasts with Webtoon, which creates comics driven by economic interests, resulting in more moderate behavior and a preference for cultural distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study which is positioned in the ambit of control research investigates the impact of ex ante contractual completeness on opportunistic behaviors and ex post transaction costs, while assessing how these affect relationship termination intention. This study aims to examine alternative attractiveness as a necessary moderator of the nexus between transaction cost and relationship termination intention. Design/methodology/approach: Data gathered from 211 companies in South Korea that have installed and run outsourced vending machines are analyzed and used to validate the study's theoretical and empirical contributions. Findings: The findings, which rely only on data from companies that outsource and those that run outsourced vending machines, show that contractual completeness negatively affects both active and passive opportunism. The study also discovers that active opportunism positively affects both bargaining costs and monitoring costs, whereas passive opportunism has a positive and direct effect on maladaptation costs but a negative effect on monitoring costs. It further finds that both bargaining and maladaptation costs have positive and direct effects on relationship termination intention, while monitoring costs have a negative effect on the same. Furthermore, it is observed that alternative attractiveness moderates the relationships between bargaining costs and relationship termination intention, as well as maladaptation costs and relationship termination intention. Practical implications: This study demonstrates that contractual completeness can serve as an important ex ante control mechanism, whereas the two types of opportunism can raise transaction costs. Furthermore, alternative attractiveness is identified as a driver of the impact of transaction costs on relationship termination intention. Originality/value: A key point of the departure of this study is that it examines the moderating role of alternative attractiveness in the relationship between transaction cost and relationship termination intention. The paper also advances the control literature by emphasizing the critical role that contractual completeness plays in reducing the occurrence of (both active and passive) opportunism in business relationships (especially companies that outsource). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-intrusive technique that provides comprehensive insights into the electrical activities of the brain's cerebral cortex. The brain signals obtained from EEGs can be used as a neuropsychological biomarker to detect different stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through quantitative EEG (qEEG) analysis. This paper investigates the difference in the abnormalities of resting state EEG (rEEG) signals between eyes-open (EOR) and eyes-closed (ECR) in AD by analyzing 19-scalp electrode EEG signals and making a comparison with healthy controls (HC).Participants and Methods: The rEEG data from 534 subjects (ages 40– 90) consisting of 269 HC and 265 AD subjects in South Korea were used in this study. The qEEG for EOR and ECR states were performed separately for HC and AD subjects to measure the relative power spectrum density (PSD) and coherence with functional connectivity to evaluate abnormalities. The rEEG data were preprocessed and analyzed using EEGlab and Brainstorm toolboxes in MATLAB R2021a software, and statistical analyses were carried out using ANOVA.Results: Based on the Welch method, the relative PSD of the EEG EOR and ECR states difference in the AD group showed a significant increase in the delta frequency band of 19 EEG channels, particularly in the frontal, parietal, and temporal, than the HC groups. The delta power band on the source level was increased for the AD group and decreased for the HC group. In contrast, the source activities of alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands were significantly reduced in the AD group, with a high decrease in the beta frequency band in all brain areas. Furthermore, the coherence of rEEG among different EEG electrodes was analyzed in the beta frequency band. It showed that pair-wise coherence between different brain areas in the AD group is remarkably increased in the ECR state and decreased after subtracting out the EOR state.Conclusion: The findings suggest that examining PSD and functional connectivity through coherence analysis could serve as a promising and comprehensive approach to differentiate individuals with AD from normal, which may benefit our understanding of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relationship between ideological polarization and party disloyalty, focusing on the moderating role of the status of a political party in the legislature, i.e., the ruling party or the opposition party. It hypothesizes that the ruling party is willing to endorse disloyal candidates whose issue positions are not close to their own party's platform, whereas the opposition party is likely to punish disloyal candidates to demonstrate party unity in the nomination process. The present study tests this hypothesis, using data from South Korea, where the nomination process for the parliamentary election is dominated by party leaders. The results are by and large consistent with the hypotheses. In line with previous studies, our results suggest that party loyalty is one of the driving forces of polarization in politics. In order to fully understand party polarization at the level of political elites, it is necessary to consider heterogeneous effects of party members' behavior on candidate selection, varying across the party's status, either the ruling party or the opposition party. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the proportion of renewable energy (RE) sources in a power system has been increasing worldwide to reduce carbon emissions. To effectively accommodate renewable energy, there is a growing need to develop integrated planning strategies for both renewable energy sources and transmission lines in a power system, taking into account the location-specific characteristics of renewable energy. Economically viable and rapid system expansion plans are required to resolve the problem of delayed integration of renewable energy into existing power system, which arises due to inadequate transmission facilities. To address these problems, this paper presents an integrated economic evaluation method that considers the inherently uncertain output characteristics of renewable energy, contingent on location, the costs associated with installing transmission lines, and environmental benefits. The case study is conducted using a modified power system in Korea. In the case study, it is assumed that by integrating solar power generators in a low-demand area and wind power generators in a high-demand area, wind power plants have higher construction costs than solar power generators. However, the transmission costs for wind power plants are lower than those for solar power generators due to the regional characteristics of the power grid in the installation areas because renewable energy in high-demand areas typically requires less additional power infrastructure than in low-demand areas. The results of this study show that the net benefit for the wind power plant is estimated at USD 225.4 M, while the solar power plant yields a net benefit of USD 22.9 M in the example system. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, underscoring its potential to mitigate the challenges faced in the practical implementation of renewable energy projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper suggests an alternative approach to measuring systemic risk in financial markets by examining the interconnectedness among heterogeneous investors. Utilizing variance decomposition and a trading database from the Korea Stock Exchange spanning 2002-2018, we find that systemic risk, as quantified by total connectedness based on microlevel investor activity, intensifies during both domestic and global financial crises. In addition, our analysis indicates that retail investors, often termed noise traders, are pivotal contributors to the propagation of financial shocks. We also find that portfolios constructed by the sensitivity of total connectedness yield additional returns. This study could enhance our understanding of the contagion effect by incorporating the investor perspective, and the findings could offer valuable insights for policy-makers and regulators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the climate change scenario, climate change in the Korean Peninsula is expected to worsen due to extreme temperatures, with effects such as rising average temperatures, heat waves, and droughts. In Republic of Korea, which relies on foreign countries for the supply of forage crops, a decrease in the productivity of forage crops is expected to cause increased damage to the domestic livestock industry. In this paper, to solve the issue of climate vulnerability for forage crops, we performed a study to predict the productivity of forage crops in relation to climate change. We surveyed and compiled not only forage crop production data from various regions, but also experimental cultivation production data over several years from reports of the Korea Institute of Animal Science and Technology. Then, we crawled related climate data from the Korea Meteorological Administration. Therefore, we were able to construct a basic database for forage crop production data and related climate data. Using the database, a production prediction model was implemented, applying a multivariate regression analysis and deep learning regression. The key factors were determined as a result of analyzing the changes in forage crop production due to climate change. Using the prediction model, it could be possible to forecast the shifting locations of suitable cultivation areas. As a result of our study, we were able to construct electromagnetic climate maps for forage crops in Republic of Korea. It can be used to present region-specific agricultural insights and guidelines for cultivation technology for forage crops against climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wheels of railway vehicles are of paramount importance in relation to railroad operations and safety. Currently, the management of railway vehicle wheels is restricted to post-event inspections of the wheels whenever physical phenomena, such as abnormal vibrations and noise, occur during the operation of railway vehicles. To address this issue, this paper proposes a method for predicting abnormalities in railway wheels in advance and enhancing the learning and prediction performance of machine learning algorithms. Data were collected during the operation of Line 4 of the Busan Metro in South Korea by directly attaching sensors to the railway vehicles. Through the analysis of key factors in the collected data, factors that can be used for tire condition classification were derived. Additionally, through data distribution analysis and correlation analysis, factors for classifying tire conditions were identified. As a result, it was determined that the z-axis of acceleration has a significant impact, and machine learning techniques such as SVM (Linear Kernel, RBF Kernel) and Random Forest were utilized based on acceleration data to classify tire conditions into in-service and defective states. The SVM (Linear Kernel) yielded the highest recognition rate at 98.70%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to data from the Ministry of Employment and Labor in Korea, a significant portion of fatal accidents on construction sites occur due to collisions between construction workers and equipment, with many of these collisions being attributed to worker negligence. This study introduces a method for accurately localizing construction equipment and workers on-site, delineating areas prone to collisions as 'a danger area of a collision', and defining collision risk states. Utilizing advanced deep learning models which specialize in object detection, video footage obtained from strategically placed closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras across the construction site is analyzed. The positions of each detected object are determined using transformation or homography matrices representing the conversion relationship between a sufficiently flat reference plane and image coordinates. Additionally, 'a danger area of a collision' is proposed for evaluating equipment collision risk based on the moving equipment's speed, and the validity of this area is verified. Through this, the paper presents a system designed to preemptively identify potential collision risks, particularly when workers are located within the 'danger area of a collision', thereby mitigating accident risks on construction sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using traditional methods based on detection rules written by human security experts presents significant challenges for the accurate detection of network threats, which are becoming increasingly sophisticated. In order to deal with the limitations of traditional methods, network threat detection techniques utilizing artificial intelligence technologies such as machine learning are being extensively studied. Research has also been conducted on analyzing various string patterns in network packet payloads through natural language processing techniques to detect attack intent. However, due to the nature of packet payloads that contain binary and text data, a new approach is needed that goes beyond typical natural language processing techniques. In this paper, we study a token extraction method optimized for payloads using n-gram and byte-pair encoding techniques. Furthermore, we generate embedding vectors that can understand the context of the packet payload using algorithms such as Word2Vec and FastText. We also compute the embedding of various header data associated with packets such as IP addresses and ports. Given these features, we combine a text 1D CNN and a multi-head attention network in a novel fashion. We validated the effectiveness of our classification technique on the CICIDS2017 open dataset and over half a million data collected by The Education Cyber Security Center (ECSC), currently operating in South Korea. The proposed model showed remarkable performance compared to previous studies, achieving highly accurate classification with an F1-score of 0.998. Our model can also preprocess and classify 150,000 network threats per minute, helping security agents in the field maximize their time and analyze more complex attack patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transparent and FAIR disclosure of meta-information about healthcare data and infrastructure is essential but has not been well publicized. In this paper, we provide a transparent disclosure of the process of standardizing a common data model and developing a national data infrastructure using national claims data. We established an Observational Medical Outcome Partnership (OMOP) common data model database for national claims data of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service of South Korea. To introduce a data openness policy, we built a distributed data analysis environment and released metadata based on the FAIR principle. A total of 10,098,730,241 claims and 56,579,726 patients' data were converted as OMOP common data model. We also built an analytics environment for distributed research and made the metadata publicly available. Disclosure of this infrastructure to researchers will help to eliminate information inequality and contribute to the generation of high-quality medical evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the impact of the Chile-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (CKFTA) over the bilateral extensive and intensive margins of trade. Using disaggregated product-level data for the period 1996-2017, the paper tests the impact of CKFTA on bilateral flows, as well as differentiate these effects between intensive and extensive margins at the product level. To estimate, a Poisson-Pseudo Maximum Likelihood model is proposed. It is found that the CKFTA had a positive effect over bilateral trade flows, and although new products were added to the bilateral export basket (extensive margin), the impact is stronger on goods already traded (intensive margin). Moreover, the paper concludes that this effect is stronger for Chilean exports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the history of crossing the Sino-Chosŏn borders in various contexts. The evolution of border crossing can be traced from its origins as a political mission that was part of the diplomatic ritual to its later development as an economic circuit where individuals vied for profits, and finally to its status as a public program that carried significant weight in high-level politics. Throughout its history, border crossing was characterized by its dual nature, encompassing both ritual and mundane, exotic and domestic, national and international elements. It was emblematic of the ongoing interactions between China/Chinese and Korea/Koreans, and the flows of people and goods between them. These individuals and items were re-identified and re-categorized following their crossing of the borders, and the processes of identification and categorization shed light on the political dynamics of both countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid growth of digital trade has had a profound impact on global economies, revolutionizing trading practices and facilitating trade expansion. The purpose of this paper is to explore the digital partnership between Korea and the European Union (EU) and its implications for their shared agenda in digital trade to theorize the dynamics of digital trade. A case study method is used to explore trade between Korea and the EU with in-depth descriptive analysis. Digital trade-flow statistics were analyzed to develop the case for Korea and EU digital trade and derive implications for both countries. The findings were generalized by discussing the relevant literature and data from other countries to identify the wider implications. The analysis was focused on the areas of information and communication technology and e-commerce. The findings suggest uncovered trade imbalances, such as Korea's surplus of ICT goods exports and the EU's dominant position in online trade. There is an influence of supply chain dynamics, specifically the presence of Korean manufacturers' production units in countries like Vietnam, and the same dynamics have shaped Korea's actual place in the supply of ICT goods to the European market. While the digital partnership was established to align regulatory frameworks and foster trust, transparency, and harmonization in the digital domain, it has failed to adequately reflect the importance of digital trade. Although both sides are motivated to collaborate on the harmonization of digital trade rules, there have been instances where the partners' interests diverge. It is concluded that some political and economic factors may hinder the effectiveness of the digital partnership, unless concrete measures that go beyond traditional bilateral policymaking approaches are implemented. It is therefore recommended to emphasize the need to enhance the efficacy of the digital partnership by taking bolder actions to develop digital trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a multimodal maritime dataset and the data collection procedure used to gather it, which aims to facilitate autonomous navigation in restricted water environments. The dataset comprises measurements obtained using various perception and navigation sensors, including a stereo camera, an infrared camera, an omnidirectional camera, three LiDARs, a marine radar, a global positioning system, and an attitude heading reference system. The data were collected along a 7.5-km-long route that includes a narrow canal, inner and outer ports, and near-coastal areas in Pohang, South Korea. The collection was conducted under diverse weather and visual conditions. The dataset and its detailed description are available for free download at https://sites.google.com/view/pohang-canal-dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital music is one of the most important commodities on the market due to music royalty distribution in Korea. As the music market has been transformed into a digital music market by means such as downloading and streaming, the distribution of music royalties via online service providers (OSPs) has become a highly important issue for music rights holders. Currently, one of the most important issues in music royalty distribution in Korea is the unfair distribution of royalties due to the indiscriminate repeat streaming of digital music. To prevent this, music consumption log data from several OSPs were collected via a day-based system; however, there was a limit on the identification of detailed information on the use of music in its current state. This paper analyzes the structural problems and limitations related to the settlement of music royalties and provides a structure in which there can be transparent settlement and distribution between users and rights holders as an institutional measure. We also propose various AI (artificial intelligence)-based applications using music consumption log data. The proposed system will hopefully be used for public purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of educational research in the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) from 2008 to 2017. Using GraphPad Prism and VOSviewer tools, we analyzed 3,484 articles from South Korea, Singapore, and Japan. The annual number of published articles from South Korea and Japan increased significantly. Singapore was in the first place in the most accumulated citations, average Times Cited count and 10 high-impact factor journals, because universities in Singapore have extremely stringent criteria about promotion of their faculty and their publication venues. South Korea had the most number of articles in the top 10 most popular journals, which could owing to many South Korea scholars concern nation and regional journals have relative higher acceptance rate. Japan and South Korea had the most common studies concerning educational research. The annual number of articles showed strong positive correlations with research and development (R&D) expenditures and R&D expenditures as a percentage of GDP in South Korea. Plain Language Summary: Publications in Educational Research Journals from Singapore, Japan, and South Korea In this study, the educational research performance of Singapore, Japan, and South Korea between 2008 and 2017 in SSCI was examined from a bibliometric perspective, which also has demonstrated the potential of using GraphPad Prism and VOSviewer tools together. A total of 110,241 education and educational research articles were published between 2008 and 2017 in SSCI, of which 3,484 (3.16%) were from Singapore, Japan, and South Korea. Among these, researchers from South Korea were the most prolific (1,493, 1.35%, 16th highest in the world), followed by Singapore (1,128, 1.02%, 22nd), and Japan (910, 0.83%, 23rd). The annual number of published articles from South Korea and Japan increased significantly (P < 0.05). However, R&D expenditures and R&D expenditures as a percentage of GDP showed strongly positive correlations with the annual number of publications just in South Korea. Singapore had the most accumulated and average Times Cited count. The most highly-cited article was cited 468 times. Of the ten most highly-cited articles, five were from Singapore. Of the 42 articles published in the top ten high-impact education and educational research journals in terms of the impact factors in 2017, 20 were from Singapore. South Korea, accounting for about half the publications, was ranked first from the perspective of the number of articles in the top ten most popular journals. Researchers from Japan and South Korea had the most common studies concerning education and educational research category, probably because Japan is close to South Korea geographically and more related historically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A ship's automatic mooring system relies on vacuum suction pads with rubber seals to withstand external loads, such as mooring forces. This paper focused on the design requirements and performance testing of vacuum suction pads to develop a high-performance automatic mooring system and evaluated the performance of vacuum suction pads through real-scale testing. The mooring capacity of the target ship, the training ship HANBADA, was estimated based on the port and fishing port design standards of the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries. Under the most extreme ocean conditions (beafort 6), the estimated longitudinal (surge) and lateral (sway) mooring forces acting on HANBADA were 17.7 and 248 kN, respectively. In the real-scale performance test, stable suction was achieved under both dry and water spraying conditions, with the suction force ranging from 180 to 200 kN, under sway conditions. The vacuum ratio remained satisfactory, indicating stable suction. However, under surge conditions, the vacuum ratio decreased slightly to 0.99. Furthermore, the rubber seals returned to their initial shape after load removal, demonstrating their effectiveness in the automatic mooring system. This study provides valuable insights into the design requirements and performance testing of vacuum suction pads, establishing their suitability for developing high-performance automatic mooring systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study analyzed bibliometric data of papers published in Korea Citation Index (KCI) and Web of Science (WoS) journals from 2002 to 2021. After examining size differences of KCI and WoS domains in the number of authors, institutions, and journals to put publication and citations counts in perspective, the study investigated co-authorship patterns over time to compare collaboration trends of Korean and international scholars and analyzed the data at author, institution, and journal levels to explore how the influences of authors, institutions, and journals on research output differ across domains. The study also conducted frequencybased analysis of keywords to identify key topics and visualized keyword clusters to examine topic trends. The result showed Korean LIS authors to be twice as productive as international authors but much less impactful and Korean institutions to be at comparable levels of productivity and impact in contrast to much of productivity and impact concentrated in top international institutions. Citations to journals exhibited initially increasing pattern followed by a decreasing trend though WoS journals showed far more variance than KCI journals. Co-authorship trends were much more pronounced among international publication, where larger collaboration groups suggested multi-disciplinary and complex nature of international LIS research. Keyword analysis found continuing diversification of topics in international research compared to relatively static topic trend in Korea. Keyword visualization showed WoS keyword clusters to be much denser and diverse than KCI clusters. In addition, key keyword clusters of WoS were quite different from each other unlike KCI clusters which were similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: A scientometric analysis to obtain knowledge mapping of Coptis revealed the current research situation, knowledge base and research hotspots in Coptis research. Methods: Coptis -related documents published from 1987 to 2020 were selected through the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace, VOSviewer and Microsoft Excel were used to construct knowledge maps of the Coptis research field. Results: A total of 367 documents and their references were analyzed. These papers were primarily published in mainland China (214), followed by Japan (57) and South Korea (52), and they each formed respective cooperation networks. The document co-citation analysis suggested that the identification of Coptis Salisb. species, the production of alkaloids, and the mechanisms of action of these alkaloids formed the knowledge bases in this field. A keyword analysis further revealed that the research hotspots were primarily concentrated in three fields of research involving berberine, Coptis chinensis Franch, and Coptis japonica (Thunb) Makino. Oxidative stress, rat plasma (for the determination of plasma alkaloid contents), and Alzheimer's disease are recent research hotspots associated with Coptis. Conclusion: Coptis research was mainly distributed in three countries: China, Japan, and South Korea. Researchers were concerned with the identification of Coptis species, the production of Coptis alkaloids, and the efficacy and pharmacological mechanism of the constituent alkaloids. In addition, the anti-oxidative stress, pharmacokinetics, and Alzheimer's disease treatment of Coptis are new hotspots in this field. This study provides a reference for Coptis researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The financial industry has become one of the most data-driven industries and the recent technological developments in big data, financial services, consumer-data management, social network services, and filtering data quality has made better interpretation of analyzed data possible in the finance industry. Financial data consist of a huge volume of quotes, market data, historical trade data, and time-sequenced transaction data used to model market and customer behavior. Many papers found that the stock market Volatility and Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) are closely correlated. This study aims to find (1) the EPU index generated by big data can trace the volatility of the stock market and (2) the long-run equilibrium and shot-run relation between EPUs and Volatility index in the two countries are existed. The study has utilized the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to seek the dynamic relation between EPU and stock market volatility of the U.S. and S. Korea. The main findings of the study are (1) In most cases, the long-run equilibrium relation between EPU index and Volatility index exists, (2) a positive bi-directional relation between US_EPU and VIX and a positive uni-directional relation between KOR_EPU and VKOSPI, US_EPU and VKOSPI, KOR_EPU and VIX were found in the short-run, and finally (3) the EPU index in both countries affects the volatility of the stock market significantly. The paper concludes that the EPU index in different countries that have co-movements in stock price can provide useful information to investors in the stock and derivatives markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a wind power probabilistic model (WPPM) using the reflection method and multi-kernel function kernel density estimation (KDE). With the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into power systems, several probabilistic approaches have been introduced to assess the impact of RESs on the power system. A probabilistic approach requires a wind power scenario (WPS), and the WPS is generated from the WPPM. Previously, WPPM was generated using a parametric density estimation, and it had limitations in reflecting the characteristics of wind power data (WPD) due to a boundary bias problem. The paper proposes a WPPM generated using the KDE, which is a non-parametric method. Additionally, the paper proposes a reflection method correcting for the boundary bias problem caused by the double-bounded characteristic of the WPD and the multi-kernel function KDE minimizing the effect of tied values. Six bandwidth selectors are used to calculate the bandwidth for the KDE, and one is selected by analyzing the correlation between the normalized WPD and the calculated bandwidth. The results were validated by generating WPPMs with WPDs in six regions of the Republic of Korea, and it was confirmed that the accuracy and goodness-of-fit are improved when the proposed method is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares the cases of Seoul, Taipei and Keelung to illustrate the dynamics of the local state in leading the process of cultural preservation. We argue that political ambitions of local leaders, driven by economic and political incentives to boost local development, create policy networks centered around local bureaucracies. Various actors, such as local political elites, local bureaucracies, civic groups and developers, are involved in the process of political and economic entangling. The cultural preservation projects are thus the reflection of the political interpretation of memory, as well as the realization of local state power to implement innovative goals of urban rebranding and regeneration. The Korean and Taiwanese cases demonstrate that political functions, such as regime legitimacy and the formation of new identities, have been instrumental in the process of urban regeneration. This paper brings the "politics" back into local developmentalism in the democratic societies of South Korea and Taiwan. This paper also argues that central-local relationship matters as well. The local developmental states are not totally isolated from political entanglements at the central level. Policy supports from the central level are mainly out of political concerns to legitimize ongoing efforts of historical reconstruction and re-interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate snowfall forecasting and quantitative snowfall estimation remain challenging due to the complexity and variability of snow microphysical properties. In this paper, the microphysical characteristics of snowfall in the Yanqing mountainous area of Beijing are investigated by using a Particle Size and Velocity (PARSIVEL) disdrometer. Results show that the high snowfall intensity process has large particle-size distribution (PSD) peak concentration, but the distribution of its spectrum width is much smaller than that of moderate or low snowfall intensity. When the snowfall intensity is high, the corresponding D m value is smaller and the N w value is larger. Comparison between the fitted μ − Λ relationship and the relationships of different locations show that there are regional differences. Based on dry snow samples, the Z e − S R relationship fitted in this paper is more consistent with the Z e − S R relationship of dry snow in Nanjing, China. The fitted ρ s − D m relationship of dry snow is close to the relationship in Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea, but the relationship of wet snow shows greatly difference. At last, the paper analyzes the statistics on velocity and diameter distribution of snow particles according to different snowfall intensities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most serious threats to humankind today are environmental and ecological problems. The global warming in particular is generally perceived as a serious threat to the survival of humanity and this sense of urgency has given us a chance to consider our place in the ecosystem and question our anthropocentrism. Various faiths acknowledge human obligations to protect the environment and preserve biodiversity. In the Korean context, while the eco-friendly worldviews of Buddhism are well-known, very little is known about other Korean religions' views on the environment. This paper examines whether representative new religions of Korea, namely Donghak and Won Buddhism, can contribute as "religious mechanisms" in alleviating ecological problems. The paper particularly focuses on the former's doctrine of samgyeong or "the Threefold Respect" and the latter's philosophy of saeun or "the Fourfold Grace," examining their relevance for religious governance. The paper argues that these two doctrines are permeated with an ecological view implying the need for all living things, including humans, animals and plants as well as the natural environment, to coexist. The paper also argues that these two religions, complete with guidelines for actions or practices, provide a path for building the possibility of religious governance through religious awakening of believers, mutual respect and mutual trust, and mutual communication and reflective cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examined the relationship between foreign aid and export, for the case of Korea from 1965 to 2015. I argue that foreign aid promotes donor's export to the recipient for following reasons: (1) the explicit and implicit tied-aid agreements directly increase export; and (2) implementing aid policy involves transferring not only money but also people. Thus, it serves as building the political, economic, and social relationships between donor and recipient countries. Those spillover effects of foreign aid can increase the export of donor countries. By applying a dynamic gravity model with GMM estimators, I provided empirical evidence that Korean bilateral ODA is positively related to its export to the recipients. The result showed that the impact of Korean ODA on its exports is positive and more significant in the post-1990s. In specific, for the later period, a percentage increase in Korean bilateral aid is associated with 0.095% increase in export in the short-term and 0.22% increase in export in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IoT technology is used in various industries, including the manufacturing, energy, finance, education, transportation, smart home, and medical fields. In the medical field, IoT applications can provide high-quality medical services through the efficient management of patients and mobile assets in hospitals. In this paper, we introduce an IoT system to the medical field using Sigfox, a low-power communication network for indoor location monitoring used as a hospital network. A proof-of-concept (PoC) was implemented to evaluate the effectiveness of medical device and patient safety management. Specific requirements should be considered when applying the IoMT system in a hospital environment. In this study, the location and temperature of various targets sending signals to the monitoring system using three different networks (Sigfox, Hospital and Non-Hospital) were collected and compared with true data, the average accuracy of which were 69.2%, 72.5%, and 83.3%, respectively. This paper shows the significance in the application of an IoMT using the Sigfox network in a hospital setting in Korea compared with existing hospital networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endophytic fungi occupy inner plant tissues, which results in various interactions between the fungus and host. Studies on endophytic fungi have been conducted in Korea for over 30 years. This paper summarizes the published results of those studies. The endophytic fungi of approximately 132 plant species in Korea have been studied since the 1990s, resulting in over 118 publications. The host plants featured in these studies comprised 3 species of mosses, 34 species of woody plants, and 95 species of herbaceous plants. At the family level, the most studied plants were members of the Poaceae family, covering 18 species. Regionally, these studies were conducted throughout Korea, but over half of the studies were conducted in Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gangwon-do, and Chungcheongnam-do. Relatively few studies have been conducted in a metropolis such as Seoul. We confirmed 5 phyla, 16 classes, 49 orders, 135 families, 305 genera, and 855 taxa of endophytic fungi, excluding Incertae sedis, whose relationship with others are unknown. Most of the endophytic fungi belonged to Ascomycota (93.2%), and a few belonged to Basidiomycota (3.6%). Since the diversity of endophytic fungi differs depending on the host plant, plant tissue, and distribution region, future studies should be conducted on multiple host plants and in various regions. Future studies on endophytic fungi are expected to broaden, including genomics and taxonomic and ecological studies of secondary metabolites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to critically examine the practices of teaching and learning for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the context of higher education institutions (HEIs) in South Korea (Korea). With the use of a case study, this paper offers a close examination of the practices carried out at Seoul National University and Kyung Hee University in Korea, focusing on how the SDGs are embedded in teaching and learning for sustainable development and identifying barriers and challenges in the process. A few specific initiatives and curriculum developments to meet the SDGs have been identified, but their rhetorical visions and practices of teaching and learning contradict, resulting in little actual transformation. This study reveals the gap between the rhetoric and the reality of teaching and learning for the SDGs from the perspective of transformative learning and offers policy suggestions to provide a well-rooted practice of educating the SDGs in Korean HEIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problems with overvoltage and reverse energy flow arise as the percentage of distribution energy resources (DERs) in distribution system rises. This paper implements a MATLAB/Simulink linked model that communicates with the OpenDSS engine. The point of common coupling (PCC) voltage typically mitigates using the inverter outputs control. However, case overvoltage issues occur in distribution networks and the influence of the volt–var control effect is insufficient to reduce PCC voltage to a stable range. To improve the reactive control effect, this paper proposes active power control and voltage error compensation methods that maximize the reactive power control effect. The DER management system (DERMS) platform was constructed to analyze the effect of changing DER output values. The DERMS data are organized based on real distribution line (D/L) system data where overvoltage occurred in Korea and the control effect of the real system is analyzed. This control method analysis can be used to develop an inverter control scheme for the over voltage issues described in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unmanned Aircraft System Traffic Management (UTM) is a traffic management system enabling drones to safely and efficiently fly in low-altitude airspace below 120~150m (400~500ft). UTM provides services such as communication, flight route management, location monitoring, and collision avoidance so that drones completing various missions can fly beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) safely and increase the usability of airspace. In other words, UTM is a new air traffic management for drones with high levels of automation, advanced decision making and control. Many countries around the world are developing UTM systems that systematically manage the traffic of drones flying at low altitude. In Korea, UTM research has been ongoing as an R&D project since 2017. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Korean UTM system and to apply it to actual flight demonstration through the developed operational procedures. The approach of this article is to establish Korean UTM architecture through existing references and examples from other countries, devise an operational procedure suitable for the system, and describe the results of using it for flight demonstration. In other words, this paper covers Korea's UTM architecture, operational procedures, and flight demonstration through a macro approach to UTM. In addition, this paper presents policy and technical challenges that UTM must go through and that need to be solved in the future, which are classified into four categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has been attracting interest as a new radiation modality for cancer therapy because it can selectively destroy cancer cells while maintaining the healthy state of surrounding normal cells. Many experimental trials have demonstrated significant BNCT treatment efficacy using neutron beams from research reactors. However, nuclear reactor technology cannot be scaled to sites in hospitals delivering patient treatment. Therefore, compact accelerator-based neutron sources that could be installed in many hospitals are under development or have even been commissioned at many facilities around the world. In Korea, a radio-frequency (RF) linac-based BNCT (A-BNCT) facility is under development by DawonMedax (DM). It provides the highly efficient production of an epithermal neutron beam with an optimized neutron energy spectrum range of 0.1~10 keV. With a 2-mA 10-MeV proton beam from the accelerator, the irradiation port epithermal neutron flux is higher than 1 × 109 n/cm2⋅s. Comprehensive verification and validation of the system have been conducted with the measurement of both proton and neutron beam characteristics. Significant therapeutic effects from BNCT have been confirmed by DM in both in vitro and in vivo non-clinical trials. Further, during exposure to epithermal neutrons, all other unintended radiation is controlled to levels meeting International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) recommendations. Recently, the Korean FDA has accepted an investigational new drug (IND) and the first-in-human clinical trial of BNCT is now being prepared. This paper introduces the principles of BNCT and accelerator-based neutron sources for BNCT and reports the recent advances of DM A-BNCT facility which is the main part of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acorn remains are reported from prehistoric sites across the world. Acorn is argued to have been an important food resource for human beings in prehistory. However, relevant research is still limited and it is often difficult to recognize archaeological remains relating to acorn utilization. The Chaîne Opératoire of acorn utilization is yet to be addressed. Such is of great significance to the study of human subsistence strategy in pre-agricultural period and moreover the origin of agriculture. By conducting a case study of mook making' using acorns in Yongdong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea, the current paper explores the Chaîne Opératoire of acorn utilization in prehistory using an ethnological approach. We draw attention to the laborious nature of acorn processing and to different methods of acorn processing due to different species and culinary tradition. Our case study also brings new insights into archaeological interpretations of acorn remains from prehistoric sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For several years, industrial damages caused by massive blooming and drifting of Sargassum horneri (S. horneri) called "golden tides" seaweeds have been continuously reported in Korea. National efforts have been made to produce useful cases of application by using the troublesome S. horneri. As a part of that, a CNDs–ZnO nanocomposite with antibacterial and antifungal properties was synthesized through a simple hydrothermal reaction using S. horneri, and the results were verified in this paper. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were mainly determined by the disk diffusion test against five bacterial and fungal strains, respectively. Of note, the inhibitory effect of the CNDs–ZnO on the growth of both Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Vibrio alginolyticus) bacteria was highly effective. Moreover, the nanocomposite showed low toxicity compared to chlorine bleach. In addition, the CNDs–ZnO showed antifungal activities against both yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa) and mold (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus terreus). This work showed the potential usability in antimicrobial application based on poor marine brown alga considered as useless in Korea. Through this paper, it seems that sufficient utility and possibility can be expected upon various unappreciated and uninterested marine species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The IEEE International Conference on Communications 2022 (ICC 2022) was held in Seoul, Korea, from 16–20 May 2022. Headquartered at Seoul COEX, the largest exhibition and convention venue in the Republic of Korea, ICC 2022 was in hybrid format with virtual (on-line) sessions as well as on-site sessions for in-person participants. ICC 2022 put together cutting-edge research results and technical contributions from academics, industry practitioners, experts and leaders in the area of communications and networking from all over the world. The technical program included physical sessions with on-site presentations and virtual (on-line) sessions for remote participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between transformational leadership (TL) and the innovative behavior of Korean workers. To this end, this paper also examines whether knowledge sharing and perceived organizational support (POS) influence the above causal relationship. Design/methodology/approach – The paper used a cross-sectional design, with questionnaires administered to 356 employees working in Korea manufacturing firms to test the relationship between TL and innovative behavior through knowledge sharing and the moderating role of POS. Findings – TL was significantly related to both employee innovative behavior and knowledge sharing. The results also shown that knowledge sharing mediated and POS positively moderated the relationship between TL and innovative behavior of employees. Research limitations/implications – Future research should examine antecedents of knowledge sharing and measure the effect of TL in other level such as team level, to enhance generalizability. Data should be also collected longitudinally, to extend the current cross-sectional design. Practical implications – Understanding the link between TL and innovative behavior with mediating and moderating factors can provide useful information to increase positive leadership outcomes and innovation performance. Originality/value – The findings point toward a positive relationship between TL and innovative behavior with mediating and moderating factors. In doing so, the paper adds to a body of work where innovative behavior was connected with leaders’ behavior and organizational-level predictors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite their importance, relatively little attention has been paid to vehicle routing problems with asymmetric costs (ACVRPs), or their benchmark instances. Taking advantage of recent advances in map application programming interfaces (APIs) and shared spatial data, this paper proposes new realistic sets of ACVRP benchmark instances. The spatial data of urban distribution centers, postal hubs, large shopping malls, residential complexes, restaurant businesses and convenience stores are used. To create distance and time matrices, the T map API, one of the most frequently used real time path analysis and distance measurement tools in Korea, is used. This paper also analyzes some important issues prevailing in urban transportation environments. These include the challenges of accounting for the frequency and distance in which air travel differs from reality when measuring closeness, the differences in distance and time for outgoing and return trips, and the rough conversion ratios from air distance to road distance and to road time. This paper contributes to the research community by providing more realistic ACVRP benchmark instances that reflect urban transportation environments. In addition, the cost matrix analyses provide insights into the behaviors of urban road networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2003 Korea has experienced the highest suicide rate among OECD countries. One of the societal risk factors that triggers suicide is the contagious nature of suicide. This paper empirically examines the effect of celebrity suicide reports on subsequent copycat suicides, using daily suicide data and information of highly publicized suicide stories in Korea from 2005 to 2018. The findings from the Poisson regression model suggest that the number of public suicides soars after media reports on celebrity suicides. On average, the number of suicides in the population increased by 16.4% within just one day after the reports. Further analysis reveals that female and younger subgroups are more likely to be affected by celebrity suicides. Moreover, the public reacts more strongly to suicide incidents of celebrities of the same gender and even imitates the methods of suicide used by celebrities. This paper highlights the significance of careful and responsible media coverage of suicide stories to prevent copycat suicide. For policymakers, it is crucial to implement regulations not only for traditional media but also for new media where younger people can freely access unfiltered information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]