462 results
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2. Research and the promotion of child health: a position paper of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.
- Author
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Koletzko B, Kolacek S, Phillips A, Troncone R, Vandenplas Y, Thapar N, Baumann U, van Goudoever J, Mihatsch W, de Swarte C, Benninga M, and Mearin L
- Subjects
- Child, Epigenesis, Genetic, Europe, Exercise, Female, Gastroenterology, Humans, Infant, Microbiota, Nutritional Sciences, Pregnancy, Socioeconomic Factors, Diet, Gastrointestinal Tract, Health Promotion, Liver, Nutritional Status, Pediatrics, Research
- Abstract
Children comprise one-fifth of Europe's population. Promoting child health and development is of key importance for society and its future. This position paper highlights opportunities of investing in gastrointestinal, liver, and nutritional research to promote child health and delineates priorities for research. Investing in child health plays a key role in the promotion of population health, well-being, and disease prevention lifelong, with large health economic benefits. Major opportunities for improving knowledge and translational application arise from recent scientific and technological developments, for example, the long-term impact of early environmental cues interacting with genes. Personalised approaches to therapy and prevention should be enhanced. Deciphering the microbiome and its effects on functions can help in promoting long-term health. Epigenetic research can help to understand how early environmental factors influence later gastrointestinal and hepatic health and disease. A linked nutrition and physical activity strategy can promote health and prevent nutritional deficiencies, inactivity, and chronic noncommunicable diseases, such as diabetes, to ensure optimal health and cognition. Special attention should be devoted to populations with low socioeconomic status, migrant background, and ethnic minorities, and to critical life periods, including pregnancy, lactation, infancy, and childhood. Improved understanding of optimal nutrition and on maintaining gut and liver homeostasis throughout childhood will help prevent chronic diseases in later life.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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3. AUSTRALIAN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION CONFERENCE, 1962, REVIEWS, PAPERS, AND REPORTS.
- Author
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Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Melbourne (Australia).
- Abstract
IN THIS REPORT OF AN AUSTRALIAN TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION, EMPHASIS IS PLACED ON CASE STUDIES AND RESEARCH APPLICABLE TO PROFESSIONAL EXTENSION WORK, INCLUDING FARMER CONTACTS AND SUCH SUPPORTING ACTIVITIES AS LIAISON WORK AND COURSE WORK IN THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES. THE FIRST SECTION DESCRIBES SERVICES IN EACH STATE AND IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY, NEW GUINEA, AND NEW ZEALAND. THE NEXT THREE SECTIONS COVER COMPARTIVE EXTENSION IN AUSTRALIA, EUROPE, AND THE UNITED STATES, SPECIAL PROBLEMS RELATING TO AUSTRALIAN PASTORAL AND OTHER INDUSTRIES, AND THE WORK AND PROBLEMS OF DISTRICT ADVISORS. THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF COMMERCIAL FIRMS AND PRIVATE ADVISORY SERVICES (INCLUDING FARM MANAGEMENT CLUBS) IN FARM MANAGEMENT EXTENSION ARE DOCUMENTED IN THE FIFTH SECTION. OTHER SECTIONS DEAL WITH PROGRAM PLANNING, GROUP METHODS AND DEMONSTRATIONS, TELEVISION AND OTHER MASS MEDIA. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXTENSION AND REGULATORY SERVICES AND RESEARCH EXTENSION LIAISON, RESEARCH IN COMMUNICATIONS, ADULT LEARNING, DECISION MAKING, AND PROGRAM EVALUATION, ASPECTS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING (HIGHER EDUCATION, INSERVICE TRAINING, INTERNATIONAL AID), AND POSTCONFERENCE REPORTS BY OVERSEAS VISITORS AND ORGANIZING COMMITTEES. ALSO INCLUDED ARE FOUR FIGURES, 35 TABLES, AND NUMEROUS REFERENCES. (LY)
- Published
- 1963
4. Application of Blockchain Technology in Higher Education
- Author
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Fedorova, Elena P. and Skobleva, Ella I.
- Abstract
Emergence and development of the blockchain technology, which is able to transform into "a most powerful disruptive innovation", shall definitely concern universities. Moreover, nowadays the blockchain technology meets the challenges that both the system of higher education and the entire society are currently facing. Advantages of the blockchain technology are decentralized open data, absence of forgeries, safe storage of information, and reduction of transaction expenses related to data checkup, control, and verification. This paper provides a critical analysis of application of the blockchain technology considering with its applicability opportunities and restrictions in education; it also aims to identify the consequences of its influence upon the development of education. The article analyzes real cases when this technology was applied, with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) as an example. The MIT applied it to protect and validate the certificates that it issued. Another example is the Sony Global Education that forms individual data on its trainees' competencies and productivity; a third one relates to the University of Nicosia, which was the first to use smart contracts and accept cryptocurrency as a form of payment. The paper also considers the elements of the blockchain technology at universities (both in Russia and outside it), which participate in massive open online courses. It determines the scope of application of this technology in the Russian educational system. In addition, this article provides a literature review related to application of the blockchain technology; the review includes works by such renowned researchers as D. Tapscott, B. Bleir, A. Watters, A. Grech, A. Camilleri, M. Swan, A. Zaslavsky, etc. The paper analyzes the obtained findings of the survey that its authors have conducted among experts, professors, and specialists involved in accreditation. Thus, the paper provides an analysis of opportunities and restrictions related to application of the blockchain technology in higher education.
- Published
- 2020
5. Bibliometrics of Scientific Productivity on Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Down Syndrome
- Author
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Cossio Bolaños, Marco, Vidal Espinoza, Rubén, Pezoa-Fuentes, Paz, Cisterna More, Camila, Benavides Opazo, Angela, Espinoza Galdámez, Francisca, Urra Albornoz, Camilo, Sulla Torres, Jose, De la Torre Choque, Christian, and Gómez Campos, Rossana
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare bibliometric indicators of scientific productivity in physical activity (PA) in children and adolescents with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Down syndrome (DS) in the PubMed database. A bibliometric study was conducted for the last 5 years (2017 to 2021). The data collected for each article were: year of publication, language of publication, country, journal name, and type of paper. The results showed that there was higher scientific productivity in the population with DS (20 studies) relative to their counterparts with ASD (31 studies). The language of publication in both cases was English. There were 10 countries that published on PA in ASD and 14 countries that published on DS. Overall, the greatest interest in publishing on PA in children and adolescents with ASD was in North America (6 studies), followed by Asia (5 studies) and Europe (4 studies). In the DS population it was in Europe (13 studies), North America (9 studies) and South America (4 studies). Nineteen journals were identified that published in the ASD population and 29 journals in DS. Six experimental studies were identified in ASD and 7 in DS. There was a higher scientific productivity with original studies. There was a positive trend of increasing scientific productivity over the years in both populations. We suggest the need to promote research on PA in both populations, regardless of the type of study, as it is an indicator of overall health status.
- Published
- 2022
6. Learning Loss, Learning Gains and Wellbeing: A Review of Policy and Grey Literature
- Author
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Education Development Trust (United Kingdom) and Ndaruhutse, Susy
- Abstract
COVID-19 has caused considerable disruption to education around the world. Disadvantaged and marginalised learners are being particularly hard hit. Naturally, throughout the pandemic, the focus of much attention has been on how to open schools safely with a preoccupation with the hygiene and social distancing considerations. A shift is noticeable and welcome. With schools in many jurisdictions reopening partially or fully there is a growing interest in the immensely important area of recovering the lost learning that has occurred while learners have been away from face-to-face education. This report documents an analysis of policy and grey literature. It is one output from the first phase of our collaboration and links are made to two other outputs: (1) A rapid evidence assessment (REA) of the academic literature; and (2) An overarching summary paper drawing out key messages and introducing the next phase of the collaboration. [This report is written with assistance from Anna Riggall, Ella Page, Elnaz Kashefpakdel and Sonia Guerriero. For the companion report, "Learning Loss, Learning Gains and Wellbeing: A Rapid Evidence Assessment," see ED615066.]
- Published
- 2021
7. The current and future role of the medical oncologist in the professional care for cancer patients: a position paper by the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO).
- Author
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Popescu, R. A., Schäfer, R., Califano, R., Eckert, R., Coleman, R., Douillard, J.-Y., Cervantes, A., Casali, P. G., Sessa, C., Van Cutsem, E., de Vries, E., Pavlidis, N., Fumasoli, K., Wörmann, B., Samonigg, H., Cascinu, S., Cruz Hernández, J. J., Howard, A. J., Ciardiello, F., and Stahel, R. A.
- Subjects
- *
ONCOLOGISTS , *CANCER patients , *CANCER research , *MEDICAL personnel , *MEDICAL specialties & specialists , *EVIDENCE-based medicine - Abstract
The number of cancer patients in Europe is rising and significant advances in basic and applied cancer research are making the provision of optimal care more challenging. The concept of cancer as a systemic, highly heterogeneous and complex disease has increased the awareness that quality cancer care should be provided by a multidisciplinary team (MDT) of highly qualified healthcare professionals. Cancer patients also have the right to benefit from medical progress by receiving optimal treatment from adequately trained and highly skilled medical professionals. Built on the highest standards of professional training and continuing medical education, medical oncology is recognised as an independent medical specialty in many European countries. Medical oncology is a core member of the MDT and offers cancer patients a comprehensive and systemic approach to treatment and care, while ensuring evidence-based, safe and cost-effective use of cancer drugs and preserving the quality of life of cancer patients through the entire ‘cancer journey’. Medical oncologists are also engaged in clinical and translational research to promote innovation and new therapies and they contribute to cancer diagnosis, prevention and research, making a difference for patients in a dynamic, stimulating professional environment. Medical oncologists play an important role in shaping the future of healthcare through innovation and are also actively involved at the political level to ensure a maximum contribution of the profession to Society and to tackle future challenges. This position paper summarises the multifarious and vital contributions of medical oncology and medical oncologists to today's and tomorrow's professional cancer care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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8. TITLES AND ABSTRACT OF PAPERS.
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RESEARCH , *NATURAL resources , *GEOGRAPHICAL research - Abstract
The article presents abstracts of geographical research papers. In the research paper "A Geographical Study of Nova Scotia," researcher R.H. Whitebeek discusses the geographic conditions of Nova Scotia. Lying nearer Europe and possessing many excellent harbors and peopled by immigrants from the best European stocks, the province of Nova Scotia in Canada has now, after 300 years, fewer people than the city of Boston, Massachusetts. Its total manufacturing output is less than that of single companies in New England, and the province has shared but slightly in Canada's economic growth.
- Published
- 1914
9. Moving forward.
- Author
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Miller P
- Subjects
- Demography, Developed Countries, Europe, Family Planning Services, Fertility, Ireland, Population, Population Dynamics, Pregnancy, Reproduction, Sexual Behavior, Abortion, Induced, Legislation as Topic, Pregnancy Outcome, Pregnancy, Unwanted, Research
- Published
- 1999
10. American Dream, Humboldtian Nightmare: Reflections on the Remodelled Values of a Neoliberalized Academia
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Tomicic, Ana
- Abstract
While universities now lie between two philosophical poles -- idealism and utilitarianism -- the Humboldtian ideal primarily serves to give a humanist glaze to a technocratic discourse. Regardless of its autonomy on paper, the University does not control its finances. This guise of autonomy has set a double authoritarian heteronomy of the university: from increased administrative supervision and from market control. While the current debate is strongly permeated by the idea that we should simultaneously compete with and copy the model of elite US universities, this article presents reflections on how detached from Humboldtian ideals we now are, explores the consequences of that transformational logic and encourages debate through critical distance.
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- 2019
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11. Research Round Up: Working Paper Summaries.
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RESEARCH ,MARKETING ,ELECTRONIC commerce - Abstract
Summarizes several research working papers submitted to the 'Business Strategy Review' journal as of September 2000. Measures of marketing performance in Great Britain and Spain; Observation of the trends in market competition in line with the export and import trading; Proliferation of electronic commerce and the emergence of small-to-medium size businesses.
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- 2000
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12. Abortion, obtained and denied: research approaches.
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Newman SH and Beck MB
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- Abortion Applicants, Abortion, Criminal, Abortion, Therapeutic, Contraception Behavior, Demography, Developing Countries, Europe, Family Planning Services, Female, Fertility, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Legislation as Topic, Mental Health, Morbidity, Pregnancy, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Abortion, Induced mortality, Research
- Published
- 1970
13. Ireland's newest import.
- Author
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Kissling F
- Subjects
- Behavior, Developed Countries, Europe, Ireland, Politics, Public Opinion, Abortion, Induced, Research, Violence
- Published
- 1999
14. [Vocationally motivated migration behavior in double-income households. An empirical analysis using GSOEP data].
- Author
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Jurges H
- Subjects
- Behavior, Demography, Developed Countries, Emigration and Immigration, Europe, Germany, Marriage, Population, Population Dynamics, Social Sciences, Humans, Decision Making, Economics, Employment, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Family Characteristics, Interpersonal Relations, Marital Status, Research, Sociology, Transients and Migrants
- Published
- 1998
15. Challenges in Transition of Care for People with Variations in Sex Characteristics in the European Context.
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Gramc, Martin
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AFFINITY groups ,MEDICAL quality control ,RESEARCH ,FOCUS groups ,SOCIAL support ,TRANSITIONAL care ,SEX differentiation disorders ,QUALITATIVE research ,DOCUMENTATION ,HEALTH care teams ,RESEARCH funding ,THEMATIC analysis - Abstract
Objective: People with variations in sex characteristics (VSCs) have been receiving inadequate care for many decades. The Chicago consensus statement in 2006 aimed to introduce improved comprehensive care, which would include the transition of care from pediatric to adult services organized by multidisciplinary teams. Yet, the evidence for transitional care is scarce. The aim of this paper is to outline the delivery of transition of care for adolescents and young adults with VSCs. Method: Seven focus groups were conducted with health care professionals and peer support groups by care teams in Central, Northern, and Western Europe. The data from the focus groups were examined using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Even though the transition of care has been implemented in the last two decades, it remains inadequate. There are differences among countries, as the quality of care depends on available resources and variations in sex characteristics. Moreover, there are significant hurdles to adequate transition of care, as there is lack of time and funding. The lack of adult care providers and psychosocial support often leaves young adults with VSCs to navigate the health care system alone. Conclusion: The outcome of the study shows that the transition of care is organized through the department of pediatric endocrinology. The quality of care varies due to resources and variations in sex characteristics. A lack of adult specialists, and especially psychosocial support, represents the biggest obstacle for young adults and adults in navigating the health care system and for improvements in the provision of health care to adults. There is a risk of re-traumatization, as adolescents and young adults must often repeat their medical history and educate adult care providers who are insufficiently trained and knowledgeable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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16. European value-based healthcare benchmarking: moving from theory to practice.
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García-Lorenzo, Borja, Gorostiza, Ania, Alayo, Itxaso, Zas, Susana Castelo, Baena, Patricia Cobos, Camiña, Inés Gallego, Narbaiza, Begoña Izaguirre, Mallabiabarrena, Gaizka, Ustarroz-Aguirre, Iker, Rigabert, Alina, Balzi, William, Maltoni, Roberta, Massa, Ilaria, López, Isabel Álvarez, Lobera, Sara Arévalo, Esteban, Mónica, Calleja, Marta Fernández, Mediavilla, Jenifer Gómez, Fernández, Manuela, and Hitar, Manuel del Oro
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RESEARCH ,STATISTICAL significance ,HEALTH facilities ,HUMAN research subjects ,KEY performance indicators (Management) ,LUNG tumors ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,MEDICAL care costs ,REGRESSION analysis ,VALUE-based healthcare ,BENCHMARKING (Management) ,INFORMED consent (Medical law) ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,CLINICAL medicine ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors ,ELECTRONIC health records ,CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) ,BREAST tumors ,LONGITUDINAL method ,DELPHI method - Abstract
Background Value-based healthcare (VBHC) is a conceptual framework to improve the value of healthcare by health, care-process and economic outcomes. Benchmarking should provide useful information to identify best practices and therefore a good instrument to improve quality across healthcare organizations. This paper aims to provide a proof-of-concept of the feasibility of an international VBHC benchmarking in breast cancer, with the ultimate aim of being used to share best practices with a data-driven approach among healthcare organizations from different health systems. Methods In the VOICE community—a European healthcare centre cluster intending to address VBHC from theory to practice—information on patient-reported, clinical-related, care-process-related and economic-related outcomes were collected. Patient archetypes were identified using clustering techniques and an indicator set following a modified Delphi was defined. Benchmarking was performed using regression models controlling for patient archetypes and socio-demographic characteristics. Results Six hundred and ninety patients from six healthcare centres were included. A set of 50 health, care-process and economic indicators was distilled for benchmarking. Statistically significant differences across sites have been found in most health outcomes, half of the care-process indicators, and all economic indicators, allowing for identifying the best and worst performers. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first international experience providing evidence to be used with VBHC benchmarking intention. Differences in indicators across healthcare centres should be used to identify best practices and improve healthcare quality following further research. Applied methods might help to move forward with VBHC benchmarking in other medical conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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17. Innovative Ways for Information Transfer in Biobanking
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Macheiner, Tanja, Huppertz, Berthold, and Sargsyan, Karine
- Abstract
Purpose: Biobanks are collections of biological samples (e.g. tissue samples and body fluids) and their associated data intended for various approaches in medical research. The field of biobanking evolves rapidly as an interdisciplinary branch of research and requires educational efforts to provide skilled experts in Europe and beyond. New ways in research and research education play a pivotal role in the future of biobanking. Design/methodology/approach: The increasing of requests and potential uses of biospecimens from biobanks necessitates an international and national intensified transfer of forward looking knowledge and know-how. In Austria, this could be realized by special trainings as well as a postgraduate education. Furthermore, the forward looking research and further development of infrastructure will play a pivotal role in biobanks in the future. Findings: Few opportunities are available for specific education on biobanking in Europe. This could be remedied by the creation networks of ISO-certified biobanks and co-operation with interested parties. Research limitations/implications: The current research focuses on the situation of information transfer in the field of biobanking in Europe. A wider investigation in better harmonization and standardization of methods in other parts of the world would be beneficial. Originality/value: The value of biomolecular resources such as biobanks has previously been discussed in detail, e.g. by the "Time" magazine. The paper focuses on demonstrating the importance for education in the future of biobanking in general.
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- 2013
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18. TRAINING OF OLDER WORKERS--ENGLISH AND WEST EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE.
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BELBIN, R. MEREDITH
- Abstract
THE ROLE OF THE ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT IS ILLUSTRATED IN REPORTS OF VARIED RETRAINING PROGRAMS (PART OF THE ACTIVE MANPOWER POLICY) IN GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND SWEDEN. THE PROGRAMS INCLUDE SUCH ACTIVITIES AS--(1) FINANCIAL ENCOURAGEMENT OF INDUSTRY TO PARTICIPATE IN TRAINING THE OLDER ADULT, (2) RETRAINING TO MEET SPECIFIC SHORTAGES IN THE WORK FORCE, (3) TRAINING FOR FUTURE INDUSTRIAL NEEDS, AND (4) PROVISION OF TRAINING ALLOWANCES. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH DONE IN ENGLAND HAS PROVIDED EVIDENCE THAT IT IS SOUND PUBLIC POLICY TO INVEST IN TRAINING OF OLDER PERSONS, AND SPECIALLY-DESIGNED TRAINING FOR THEM IS VERY EFFECTIVE. THE RESULTS OF TWO STUDIES DEMONSTRATE AN ACTIVITY METHOD OF LEARNING IS SUPERIOR TO MEMORIZATION, AND WHEN INFERENCE, OR DEDUCTION, IS INTRODUCED INTO PROGRAMED AND ACTIVITY LEARNING, SUCCESS IS GREATER THAN BY EITHER METHOD, AS WELL AS BY MEMORIZATION. A HIGH DROPOUT RATE AT COMMENCEMENT OF TRAINING AND AFTER TRANSFER TO THE WORK SITUATION, AND LOW EMPLOYMENT IN LARGER, MORE ADVANCED FIRMS WERE ALSO REVEALED BY SURVEYS. INFORMATION RESULTING FROM THESE STUDIES IS BEING APPLIED IN EXPERIMENTAL PROJECTS IN FIVE COUNTRIES. THIS PAPER WAS PRESENTED AT THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MANPOWER TRAINING AND THE OLDER WORKER, WASHINGTON, JANUARY 17-19, 1966. (PT)
- Published
- 1966
19. A framework for cross-cultural development and implementation of complex interventions to improve palliative care in nursing homes: the PACE steps to success programme.
- Author
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Hockley, Jo, Froggatt, Katherine, Van den Block, Lieve, Onwuteaka-Philipsen, Bregje, Kylänen, Marika, Szczerbińska, Katarzyna, Gambassi, Giovanni, Pautex, Sophie, Payne, Sheila Alison, on behalf of PACE, Arrue, Borja, Baranska, Ilona, Deliens, Luc, Engels, Yvonne, Finne-Soveri, Harriet, Kijowska, Viola, ten Koppel, Maud, Kylanen, Marika, Mammarella, Federica, and Smets, Tinne
- Subjects
PALLIATIVE treatment ,NURSING home care ,NURSING home employees ,NURSING care facilities ,NURSING interventions ,UNIVERSAL language ,LONG-term care facilities ,CLUSTER randomized controlled trials ,QUALITY assurance standards ,COMPARATIVE studies ,LONG-term health care ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH funding ,TERMINAL care ,ETHNOLOGY research ,EVALUATION research ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials - Abstract
Background: The PACE Steps to Success programme is a complex educational and development intervention to improve palliative care in nursing homes. Little research has investigated processes in the cross-cultural adaptation and implementation of interventions in palliative care across countries, taking account of differences in health and social care systems, legal and regulatory policies, and cultural norms. This paper describes a framework for the cross-cultural development and support necessary to implement such an intervention, taking the PACE Steps to Success programme as an exemplar.Methods: The PACE Steps to Success programme was implemented as part of the PACE cluster randomised control trial in seven European countries. A three stage approach was used, a) preparation of resources; b) training in the intervention using a train-the-trainers model; and c) cascading support throughout the implementation. All stages were underpinned by cross-cultural adaptation, including recognising legal and cultural norms, sensitivities and languages. This paper draws upon collated evidence from minutes of international meetings, evaluations of training delivered, interviews with those delivering the intervention in nursing homes and providing and/or receiving support.Results: Seventy eight nursing homes participated in the trial, with half randomized to receive the intervention, 3638 nurses/care assistants were identified at baseline. In each country, 1-3 trainers were selected (total n = 16) to deliver the intervention. A framework was used to guide the cross-cultural adaptation and implementation. Adaptation of three English training resources for different groups of staff consisted of simplification of content, identification of validated implementation tools, a review in 2 nursing homes in each country, and translation into local languages. The same training was provided to all country trainers who cascaded it into intervention nursing homes in local languages, and facilitated it via in-house PACE coordinators. Support was cascaded from country trainers to staff implementing the intervention.Conclusions: There is little guidance on how to adapt complex interventions developed in one country and language to international contexts. This framework for cross-cultural adaptation and implementation of a complex educational and development intervention may be useful to others seeking to transfer quality improvement initiatives in other contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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20. Unemployment and Substance Use: An Updated Review of Studies from North America and Europe.
- Author
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Nolte-Troha, Carina, Roser, Patrik, Henkel, Dieter, Scherbaum, Norbert, Koller, Gabriele, and Franke, Andreas G.
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SUBSTANCE abuse treatment ,SUBSTANCE abuse prevention ,SUBSTANCE abuse risk factors ,RESEARCH ,ONLINE information services ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,SUBSTANCE abuse ,SMOKING cessation ,PSYCHIATRIC drugs ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,RISK assessment ,DISEASE relapse ,DISEASE prevalence ,ATTRIBUTION (Social psychology) ,MEDLINE ,EARLY medical intervention - Abstract
Since the industrial revolution, the relationship between unemployment and psychiatric disorders has been a subject of high interest. Currently, regarding the correlation between unemployment and substance-use disorders (SUDs), only older, often isolated and fragmented research results are available in the literature. This review was based on an extensive literature search of the European and North American literature in most relevant databases for "unemployment" and "substance use" related to "drugs", "alcohol", "nicotine", and "tobacco" between November 2022 and January 2023, according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. A total of 59,117 papers were identified, of which only 33 articles were identified as relevant to the research objective. The literature showed significantly higher prevalence rates of SUDs involving divergent psychotropic substances among unemployed people. Unemployment was found to be a risk factor for SUD, and vice versa. However, the correlation between unemployment and relapses or smoking cessation was inconsistent. In addition, there appeared to be a mild effect of business cycles on SUD. The results showed significant multifaceted correlations between unemployment and SUD, indicating that prevention and early intervention are required to prevent harmful psychosocial consequences, such as social disintegration and severe psychiatric disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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21. Health promotion research literature in Europe 1995-2005.
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Clarke, A., Gatineau, M., Thorogood, M., and Wyn-Roberts, N.
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HEALTH promotion ,RESEARCH ,MEDICAL literature ,PREVENTIVE medicine ,PREVENTIVE health services - Abstract
Background: To undertake an overview of health promotion research in the EEA to inform the collaborative study--SPHERE (Strengthening Public Health Research in Europe). Methods: A 'filter' (search strategy) was used to search Medline and Embase for a 10-year period from 1995 to 2005. A 32% (6000) sample of the filter output was assessed for proportion constituting health promotion. Output was analysed by country, population, gross domestic product (GDP) and health need (disability-adjusted life years, DALYs). Disease prevention (screening and immunization) and health improvement papers were separately identified. The latter were classified by methodology, level of intervention and topic area. Results: 18862 papers were identified. One-third was identified as health promotion (2206/6000, 36.7%) equivalent to 6935 (CI 6651-7230). Production varied: Nordic countries were highest producers per million population; the UK the largest net producer. There was a weak relationship between health promotion publication and population size (r²=0.38); a weak inverse relationship with relative health (DALYs per million population) (r²=0.07) and a slightly stronger relationship with GDP (r²=0.45). Twenty-eight percent (626/2206) of the papers identified were disease prevention (screening and immunization). The largest topic areas of the remainder (1580) were diet and exercise, smoking and tobacco, and cardiovascular disease reduction. Accidents and violence, alcohol and mental health each accounted for <5% of total output. Intervention studies were a minority; with less aimed at the regional/national or policy or legal and fiscal levels. Conclusion: Health promotion research production varies across Europe. Research commissioning should stress interventional and policy level research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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22. On the acceptability and feasibility of pronatalist population policy in the Netherlands.
- Author
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Leeuw FL
- Subjects
- Demography, Developed Countries, Economics, Europe, Health Planning, Netherlands, Organization and Administration, Sampling Studies, Aid to Families with Dependent Children, Data Collection, Education, Family Planning Policy, Fertility, Information Services, Motivation, Population, Population Characteristics, Population Density, Population Dynamics, Public Policy, Research, Sex Education, Socioeconomic Factors
- Published
- 1987
23. Tax Policy Towards Energy and the Environment.
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Metcalf, Gilbert E.
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RESEARCH ,TAXATION ,ENVIRONMENTAL impact charges ,ENERGY policy ,ENVIRONMENTAL policy ,POLLUTION ,EMISSIONS trading - Abstract
The article discusses a research on the role of taxes and other instruments in environmental and energy policy. It reviews a similar study which showed that while environmental tax enhanced efficiency by discouraging pollution, it was still a distortionary tax. An analysis of European energy and climate policy suggest that the benefits of auctioning permits from a European carbon cap and trade system vary substantially across countries.
- Published
- 2006
24. Medicine and management in European hospitals: a comparative overview.
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Kirkpatrick, Ian, Kuhlmann, Ellen, Hartley, Kathy, Dent, Mike, and Lega, Federico
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MEDICINE ,HEALTH services administration ,MEDICAL care ,HOSPITALS ,LEADERSHIP ,NEW public management ,COMPARATIVE studies ,HEALTH care reform ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL care research ,MEDICAL cooperation ,HEALTH policy ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,PUBLIC hospitals ,RESEARCH ,EVALUATION research ,MEDICAL offices ,OFFICE management - Abstract
Background: Since the early 1980s all European countries have given priority to reforming the management of health services. A distinctive feature of these reforms has also been the drive to co-opt professionals themselves into the management of services, taking on full time or part time (hybrid) management or leadership roles. However, although these trends are well documented in the literature, our understanding of the nature and impact of reforms and how they are re-shaping the relationship between medicine and management remains limited. Most studies have tended to be nationally specific, located within a single discipline and focused primarily on describing new management practices. This article serves as an Introduction to a special issue of BMC Health Services Research which seeks to address these concerns. It builds on the work of a European Union funded COST Action (ISO903) which ran between 2009 and 2013, focusing specifically on the changing relationship between medicine and management in a European context.Main Text: Prior to describing the contributions to the special issue, this Introduction sets the scene by exploring four main questions which have characterised much of the recent literature on medicine and management. First is the question of what we understand by the changing relationship between medicine and management and in particular which this means for the emergence of so called 'hybrid' clinical leader roles? A second question concerns the forces that have driven change, in particular those relating to the wider project of management reforms. Third, we raise questions of how medical professionals have responded to these changes and what factors have shaped their responses. Lastly we consider what some of the outcomes of greater medical involvement in management and leadership might be, both in terms of intended and unintended outcomes.Conclusions: The paper concludes by summarising the contributions to the special issue and highlighting the need to extend research in this area by focusing more on comparative dimensions of change. It is argued that future research would also benefit theoretically by drawing together insights from health policy and management literatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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25. The new economics of education: methods, evidence and policy.
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Machin, Stephen
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EDUCATION & economics ,EDUCATION policy ,GOVERNMENT policy ,RESEARCH ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
In this paper (my keynote talk from the 2006 ESPE conference), I discuss the recent upsurge in research on the economics of education that has occurred, especially in Europe. I discuss the reasons for the increased interest and present some examples from my recent research in the area. The paper concludes that the increased research interest seems likely to be sustained for some time to come. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
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26. Designing and piloting a generic research architecture and workflows to unlock German primary care data for secondary use.
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Bahls, Thomas, Pung, Johannes, Heinemann, Stephanie, Hauswaldt, Johannes, Demmer, Iris, Blumentritt, Arne, Rau, Henriette, Drepper, Johannes, Wieder, Philipp, Groh, Roland, Hummers, Eva, and Schlegelmilch, Falk
- Subjects
GENERAL Data Protection Regulation, 2016 ,SECONDARY care (Medicine) ,PRIMARY care ,SECONDARY analysis ,DATA integration ,WORKFLOW software ,COMPLIANT mechanisms ,COMPUTER software ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,PRIMARY health care ,COMPARATIVE studies ,SYSTEM analysis - Abstract
Background: Medical data from family doctors are of great importance to health care researchers but seem to be locked in German practices and, thus, are underused in research. The RADAR project (Routine Anonymized Data for Advanced Health Services Research) aims at designing, implementing and piloting a generic research architecture, technical software solutions as well as procedures and workflows to unlock data from family doctor's practices. A long-term medical data repository for research taking legal requirements into account is established. Thereby, RADAR helps closing the gap between the European countries and to contribute data from primary care in Germany.Methods: The RADAR project comprises three phases: (1) analysis phase, (2) design phase, and (3) pilot. First, interdisciplinary workshops were held to list prerequisites and requirements. Second, an architecture diagram with building blocks and functions, and an ordered list of process steps (workflow) for data capture and storage were designed. Third, technical components and workflows were piloted. The pilot was extended by a data integration workflow using patient-reported outcomes (paper-based questionnaires).Results: The analysis phase resulted in listing 17 essential prerequisites and guiding requirements for data management compliant with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Based on this list existing approaches to fulfil the RADAR tasks were evaluated-for example, re-using BDT interface for data exchange and Trusted Third Party-approach for consent management and record linkage. Consented data sets of 100 patients were successfully exported, separated into person-identifying and medical data, pseudonymised and saved. Record linkage and data integration workflows for patient-reported outcomes in the RADAR research database were successfully piloted for 63 responders.Conclusion: The RADAR project successfully developed a generic architecture together with a technical framework of tools, interfaces, and workflows for a complete infrastructure for practicable and secure processing of patient data from family doctors. All technical components and workflows can be reused for further research projects. Additionally, a Trusted Third Party-approach can be used as core element to implement data privacy protection in such heterogeneous family doctor's settings. Optimisations identified comprise a fully-electronic consent recording using tablet computers, which is part of the project's extension phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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27. Job stress and interpersonal relationships cross country evidence from the EU15: a correlation analysis.
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Nappo, Nunzia
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JOB stress ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,WELL-being ,WORK environment ,PROFESSIONAL relationships ,STATISTICAL correlation ,RESEARCH ,CROSS-sectional method ,RESEARCH methodology ,INTERVIEWING ,EVALUATION research ,MEDICAL cooperation ,COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
Background: The aim of the study is to analyse the association between job stress and interpersonal relationships on and outside of the job in Europe. The main assumption of the paper is that since social relations at various levels enhance individual well-being, they may counteract stress created by an unfavourable work environment.Methods: The econometric analysis, based on a standard ordered probit model, employs data taken from the Sixth European Working Conditions Survey carried out in 2015 and released in 2017.Results: The results show significant correlations between interpersonal contacts on and outside of the job and job stress. Help and support provided by one's manager decreases the probability of being stressed at work, while receiving help and support from co-workers is likely to increase the probability of job stress occurrence. However, maintaining cooperation and getting on well with colleagues decrease the probability of experiencing stress, confirming the positive and gratifying features of contact with co-workers reported by the literature.Conclusions: While we were not able to establish the direction of causality between job stress and interpersonal relationships (a limitation of this paper), the present work contributes new evidence to the literature on occupational stress. Our results show that interpersonal relationships on and outside of the job can be considered valuable resources that, when available to an individual, are useful for managing stress created by workplace stressors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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28. Barriers to the conduct of randomised clinical trials within all disease areas.
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Djurisic, Snezana, Rath, Ana, Gaber, Sabrina, Garattini, Silvio, Bertele, Vittorio, Ngwabyt, Sandra-Nadia, Hivert, Virginie, Neugebauer, Edmund A. M., Laville, Martine, Hiesmayr, Michael, Demotes-Mainard, Jacques, Kubiak, Christine, Jakobsen, Janus C., and Gluud, Christian
- Subjects
RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,CLINICAL medicine research ,MEDICAL research ,RESEARCH methodology ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation ,RESEARCH & economics ,RESEARCH laws ,CLINICAL trial laws ,SYMPTOMS ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,CLINICAL trials ,COOPERATIVENESS ,DIET therapy ,ENDOWMENT of research ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,HEALTH attitudes ,MEDICAL cooperation ,MEDICAL ethics ,MEDICAL personnel ,PRIVACY ,RESEARCH ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,EVIDENCE-based medicine ,EQUIPMENT & supplies ,RESEARCH personnel ,ECONOMICS ,THERAPEUTICS ,MEDICAL laws - Abstract
Background: Randomised clinical trials are key to advancing medical knowledge and to enhancing patient care, but major barriers to their conduct exist. The present paper presents some of these barriers.Methods: We performed systematic literature searches and internal European Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (ECRIN) communications during face-to-face meetings and telephone conferences from 2013 to 2017 within the context of the ECRIN Integrating Activity (ECRIN-IA) project.Results: The following barriers to randomised clinical trials were identified: inadequate knowledge of clinical research and trial methodology; lack of funding; excessive monitoring; restrictive privacy law and lack of transparency; complex regulatory requirements; and inadequate infrastructures. There is a need for more pragmatic randomised clinical trials conducted with low risks of systematic and random errors, and multinational cooperation is essential.Conclusions: The present paper presents major barriers to randomised clinical trials. It also underlines the value of using a pan-European-distributed infrastructure to help investigators overcome barriers for multi-country trials in any disease area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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29. Costs of management of acute respiratory infections in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Shanshan Zhang, Wahi-Singh, Pia, Wahi-Singh, Bhanu, Chisholm, Alison, Keeling, Polly, Nair, Harish, Zhang, Shanshan, and RESCEU Investigators
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EVALUATION research ,RESPIRATORY infections ,HOSPITAL care ,META-analysis ,WORLD health ,FERRANS & Powers Quality of Life Index ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,COMPARATIVE studies ,POVERTY - Abstract
Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) accounted for an estimated 3.9 million deaths worldwide in 2015, of which 56% occurred in adults aged 60 years or older. We aimed to identify the cost of ARI management in older adults (≥50 years) in order to develop an evidence base to assist decision-making for resource allocation and inform clinical practice.Methods: We searched 8 electronic databases including Global Health, Medline and EMBASE for studies published between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2021. Total management costs per patient per ARI episode were extracted and meta-analysis was conducted by World Health Organization (WHO) region and World Bank income level. All costs were converted and inflated to Euros (€) (2021 average exchange rate). The quality of included studies and the potential risk of bias were evaluated.Results: A total of 42 publications were identified for inclusion, reporting cost data for 8 082 752 ARI episodes in older adults across 20 countries from 2001 to 2021. The majority (86%) of studies involved high-income countries based in Europe, North America and Western Pacific. The mean cost per episode was €17 803.9 for inpatient management and €128.9 for outpatient management. Compared with costs reported for patients aged <65 years, inpatient costs were €154.1, €7 018.8 and €8 295.6 higher for patients aged 65-74 years, 75-84 years and over 85 years. ARI management of at-risk patients with comorbid conditions and patients requiring higher level of care, incurred substantially higher costs for hospitalization: €735.9 and €1317.3 respectively.Conclusions: ARIs impose a substantial economic burden on health systems, governments, patients and societies. This study identified high ARI management costs in older adults, reinforcing calls for investment by global health players to quantify and address the scale of the challenge. There are large gaps in data availability from low-income countries, especially from South East Asia and Africa regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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30. Council adds weight to white paper review.
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CHEMICAL industry ,CHEMICALS ,RESEARCH - Abstract
Reports on the establishment of a competition council to evaluate the European chemicals white paper together with the environment committee of the European Union. Concerns regarding the environment committee; Overview of the responsibilities of the council.
- Published
- 2003
31. Space versus networks in the geography of innovation: A European analysis.
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Maggioni, Mario A., Nosvelli, Mario, and Uberti, Teodora Erika
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RESEARCH ,PATENTS ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,ECONOMETRICS ,ECONOMICS ,ECONOMIC models - Abstract
Copyright of Papers in Regional Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2007
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32. Research by Psychiatric Trainees and Early Career Psychiatrists—Results of a Survey From 34 Countries in Europe.
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Koelkebeck, Katja, Andlauer, Olivier, Asztalos, Marton, Jovanovic, Nikolina, Kazakova, Olga, Naughton, Sean, Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja, Riese, Florian, and Pinto da Costa, Mariana
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PSYCHIATRIC research ,PSYCHIATRISTS ,CLINICAL trials ,WORKING hours ,ADULTS - Abstract
Clinical psychiatric practice should be intricately linked with research work. Although psychiatric trainees and early career psychiatrists (ECPs) are in the frontline of clinical services, little is known about how much access they have to research opportunities. A semi-structured questionnaire of 35 questions—exploring research goals achieved, facilitators and barriers as well as personal context—was sent to psychiatric trainees and ECPs across Europe. The survey was disseminated through the local committees of the main professional psychiatric societies in Europe. A total of 258 individuals working in 34 European countries participated. The majority (69.8%) were psychiatric trainees within training in adult psychiatry. Most participants (69.0%) were highly interested in research, but faced major obstacles toward their research activities, such as lack of time and funding. They were highly satisfied with mentoring and publishing papers. Only half of the participants, however, had already published a scientific article, and only a few have been able to contribute to randomized clinical trials (20.9%). A large proportion of participants (87.2%) reported to conduct research after or during a mixture of working hours and after working hours. Only one tenth ever received a grant for their work. These findings highlight that the key barriers for the performance of research are lack of time and funding. Psychiatric trainees and ECPs are motivated to perform research but need support and regular opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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33. What is the impact of reporting guidelines on Public Health journals in Europe? The case of STROBE, CONSORT and PRISMA.
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Mannocci, Alice, Saulle, Rosella, Colamesta, Vittoria, D'Aguanno, Silvia, Giraldi, Guglielmo, Maffongelli, Emanuele, Meggiolaro, Angela, Semyonov, Leda, Unim, Brigid, and La Torre, Giuseppe
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AUTHORSHIP ,PUBLIC health ,RESEARCH ,PUBLISHING ,SERIAL publications ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,STANDARDS - Abstract
Background The aim was to evaluate the use of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses), CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) and STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) methods in reviews, clinical trials and observational studies, respectively, which were published in European journals within the field of Public Health (PH). Methods Papers published between 2010 and 2013 in seven PH journals were evaluated. The presence of the words PRISMA, STROBE and CONSORT was considered in the search criteria. (Results In total, 2355 of 3456 retrieved articles were included: 1.5% appeared to follow the guidelines. The boundaries within which the criteria were applied are 0-100% for CONSORT, 0-0.6% for STROBE and 0-37% for PRISMA. Conclusions A strong heterogeneity in the application of guideline statements was observed. A common agreement among journals regarding research-reporting methodologies could improve the quality of PH research publishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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34. Consolidating RRI and Open Science: understanding the potential for transformative change.
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Shelley-Egan C, Gjefsen MD, and Nydal R
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- Ethics, Research, Europe, Humans, Research standards, Science ethics, Science standards, Inventions, Research organization & administration, Science organization & administration, Social Responsibility
- Abstract
In European research and innovation policy, Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) and Open Science (OS) encompass two co-existing sets of ambitions concerning systemic change in the practice of research and innovation. This paper is an exploratory attempt to uncover synergies and differences between RRI and OS, by interrogating what motivates their respective transformative agendas. We offer two storylines that account for the specific contexts and dynamics from which RRI and OS have emerged, which in turn offer entrance points to further unpacking what 'opening up' to society means with respect to the transformative change agendas that are implicit in the two agendas. We compare differences regarding the 'how' of opening up in light of the 'why' to explore common areas of emphasis in both OS and RRI. We argue that while both agendas align with mission-oriented narratives around grand societal challenges, OS tends to emphasize efficiency and technical optimisation over RRI's emphasis on normative concerns and democracy deficits, and that the two agendas thus contrast in their relative legitimate emphasis on doable outcomes versus desirable outcomes. In our conclusion, we reflect on the future outlook for RRI and OS' co-existence and uptake, and on what their respective ambitions for transformation might mean for science-society scholars and scholarship.
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- 2020
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35. Self-rated health among undocumented and newly regularized migrants in Geneva: a cross-sectional study.
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Fakhoury, Julien, Burton-Jeangros, Claudine, Guessous, Idris, Consoli, Liala, Duvoisin, Aline, and Jackson, Yves
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IMMIGRANTS ,GOVERNMENT policy ,SOCIAL integration ,INTERNATIONAL economic integration ,RESEARCH ,NOMADS ,CROSS-sectional method ,RESEARCH methodology ,HEALTH status indicators ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH funding ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Background: In Europe, knowledge about the social determinants of health among undocumented migrants is scarce. The canton of Geneva, Switzerland, implemented in 2017-2018 a pilot public policy aiming at regularizing undocumented migrants. We sought to test for associations between self-rated health, proven eligibility for residence status regularization and social and economic integration.Methods: This paper reports data from the first wave of the Parchemins Study, a prospective study whose aim is to investigate the effect of residence status regularization on undocumented migrants' living conditions and health. The convenience sample included undocumented migrants living in Geneva for at least 3 years. We categorized them into those who were in the process of receiving or had just been granted a residence permit (eligible or newly regularized) and those who had not applied or were ineligible for regularization (undocumented). We conducted multivariate regression analyses to determine factors associated with better self-rated health, i.e., with excellent/very good vs. good/fair/poor self-rated health. Among these factors, measures of integration, social support and economic resources were included.Results: Of the 437 participants, 202 (46%) belonged to the eligible or newly regularized group. This group reported better health more frequently than the undocumented group (44.6% versus 28.9%, p-value < .001), but the association was no longer significant after adjustment for social support and economic factors (odds ratio (OR): 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67-1.87). Overall, better health was associated with larger social networks (OR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.04-2.64). This association remained significant even after adjusting for health-related variables.Conclusion: At the onset of the regularization program, access to regularization was not associated with better self-rated health. Policies aiming at favouring undocumented migrants' inclusion and engagement in social networks may promote better health. Future research should investigate long-term effects of residence status regularization on self-rated health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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36. Twin Peaks: more twinning in humans than ever before.
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Monden, Christiaan, Pison, Gilles, and Smits, Jeroen
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REPRODUCTIVE technology ,TWINS ,CHILD mortality ,MOTHER-child relationship ,MEDICAL literature ,RESEARCH ,BIRTH rate ,RESEARCH methodology ,ACQUISITION of data ,MEDICAL cooperation ,EVALUATION research ,COMPARATIVE studies ,HUMAN reproductive technology ,QUESTIONNAIRES - Abstract
Study Question: How many twins are born in human populations and how has this changed over recent decades?Summary Answer: Since the 1980s, the global twinning rate has increased by a third, from 9.1 to 12.0 twin deliveries per 1000 deliveries, to about 1.6 million twin pairs each year.What Is Known Already: It was already known that in the 1980s natural twinning rates were low in (East) Asia and South America, at an intermediate level in Europe and North America, and high in many African countries. It was also known that in recent decades, twinning rates have been increasing in the wealthier parts of our world as a result of the rise in medically assisted reproduction (MAR) and delayed childbearing.Study Design, Size, Duration: We have brought together all information on national twinning rates available from statistical offices, demographic research institutes, individual survey data and the medical literature for the 1980-1985 and the 2010-2015 periods.Participants/materials, Setting, Methods: For 165 countries, covering over 99% of the global population, we were able to collect or estimate twinning rates for the 2010-2015 period. For 112 countries, we were also able to obtain twinning rates for 1980-1985.Main Results and the Role Of Chance: Substantial increases in twinning rates were observed in many countries in Europe, North America and Asia. For 74 out of 112 countries the increase was more than 10%. Africa is still the continent with highest twinning rates, but Europe, North America and Oceania are catching up rapidly. Asia and Africa are currently home to 80% of all twin deliveries in the world.Limitations, Reasons For Caution: For some countries, data were derived from reports and papers based on hospital registrations which are less representative for the country as a whole than data based on public administrations and national surveys.Wider Implications Of the Findings: The absolute and relative number of twins for the world as a whole is peaking at an unprecedented level. An important reason for this is the tremendous increase in medically assisted reproduction in recent decades. This is highly relevant, as twin deliveries are associated with higher infant and child mortality rates and increased complications for mother and child during pregnancy and during and after delivery.Study Funding/competing Interest(s): The contribution of CM was partially supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant No 681546, FAMSIZEMATTERS), Nuffield College, and the Leverhulme Trust. The contribution of GP was partially supported by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant No ANR-18-CE36-0007-07). The authors declare no conflict of interest.Trial Registration Number: N/A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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37. Population health information research infrastructure—from data to public health actions.
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Schutte, Nienke, Bogaert, Petronille, Saso, Miriam, and Oyen, Herman Van
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DIFFUSION of innovations ,POPULATION health ,HEALTH policy ,ELECTRONIC data interchange ,RESEARCH ,HEALTH information systems ,PUBLIC health ,COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
The authors introduce the issue, themed From Data to Public Health Actions, which features work conducted by the Population Health Information Research Infrastructure (PHIRI). Topics discussed include an overview of PHIRI, essential pillars covered by PHIRI to support strong and resilient HIS and research for evidence-based policy making across Europe, and role of PHIRI in the implementation of the European Health Data Space (EHDS).
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- 2024
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38. Professional standards in bibliometric research evaluation? A meta-evaluation of European assessment practice 2005-2019.
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Jappe A
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- Data Accuracy, Databases as Topic standards, Europe, Scandinavian and Nordic Countries, Bibliometrics, Professional Competence standards, Research standards
- Abstract
Despite growing demand for practicable methods of research evaluation, the use of bibliometric indicators remains controversial. This paper examines performance assessment practice in Europe-first, identifying the most commonly used bibliometric methods and, second, identifying the actors who have defined wide-spread practices. The framework of this investigation is Abbott's theory of professions, and I argue that indicator-based research assessment constitutes a potential jurisdiction for both individual experts and expert organizations. This investigation was conducted using a search methodology that yielded 138 evaluation studies from 21 EU countries, covering the period 2005 to 2019. Structured content analysis revealed the following findings: (1) Bibliometric research assessment is most frequently performed in the Nordic countries, the Netherlands, Italy, and the United Kingdom. (2) The Web of Science (WoS) is the dominant database used for public research assessment in Europe. (3) Expert organizations invest in the improvement of WoS citation data, and set technical standards with regards to data quality. (4) Citation impact is most frequently assessed with reference to international scientific fields. (5) The WoS classification of science fields retained its function as a de facto reference standard for research performance assessment. A detailed comparison of assessment practices between five dedicated organizations and other individual bibliometric experts suggests that corporate ownership and limited access to the most widely used citation databases have had a restraining effect on the development and diffusion of professional bibliometric methods during this period., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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- 2020
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39. Working to improve the management of sarcoma patients across Europe: a policy checklist.
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Kasper, Bernd, Lecointe-Artzner, Estelle, Wait, Suzanne, Boldon, Shannon, Wilson, Roger, Gronchi, Alessandro, Valverde, Claudia, Eriksson, Mikael, Dumont, Sarah, Drove, Nora, Kanli, Athanasia, and Wartenberg, Markus
- Subjects
SARCOMA ,CANCER treatment ,HEALTH policy ,MEDICAL quality control ,CLINICAL trials ,MEDICAL specialties & specialists ,MEDICAL care laws ,MEDICAL care standards ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH ,EVALUATION research - Abstract
Background: The Sarcoma Policy Checklist was created by a multidisciplinary expert group to provide policymakers with priority areas to improve care for sarcoma patients.Main Body: This paper draws on this research, by looking more closely at how France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom are addressing each of these priority areas. It aims to highlight key gaps in research, policy and practice, as well as ongoing initiatives that may impact the future care of sarcoma patients in different European countries. A pragmatic review of the published and web-based literature was undertaken. Telephone interviews were conducted in each country with clinical and patient experts to substantiate findings. Research findings were discussed within the expert group and developed into five core policy recommendations. The five identified priority areas were: the development of designated and accredited centres of reference; more professional training; multidisciplinary care; greater incentives for research and innovation; and more rapid access to effective treatments. Most of the countries studied have ongoing initiatives addressing many of these priorities; however, many are in early stages of development, or require additional funding and resources.Conclusion: Gaps in access to quality care are particularly concerning in many of Europe's lower-resourced countries. Equitable access to information, clinical trials, innovative treatments and quality specialist care should be available to all sarcoma patients. Achieving this across Europe will require close collaboration between all stakeholders at both the national and European level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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40. Health assessments for health governance--concepts and methodologies.
- Author
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Fehr, Rainer, Alexanderson, Kristina, Favaretti, Carlo, de Jong, Judith, La Torre, Giuseppe, Tek-Ang Lim, Martin-Olmedo, Piedad, Mekel, Odile C. L., Michelsen, Kai, Rosenkötter, Nicole, Verschuuren, Marieke, de Waure, Chiara, and Zeegers Paget, Dineke
- Subjects
PUBLIC health & economics ,COMPARATIVE studies ,EXPERTISE ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL care research ,MEDICAL personnel ,HEALTH policy ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,PUBLIC health ,PUBLIC health surveillance ,RESEARCH ,TECHNOLOGY ,CLINICAL governance - Abstract
Background: For better supporting the science-governance interface, the potential of health assessments appears underrated. Aims: To identify what various types of health assessment have in common; how they differ; which assessment(s) to apply for which purpose; and what needs and options there are for future joint development. Methods: This review is based on five types of health assessment: monitoring/surveillance/reporting, assessment of health impact, of health technology, of health systems performance, health-related economic assessment. The approach is exploratory and includes: applying an agreed set of comparative criteria; circulating and supplementing synoptic tables; and interpreting the results. Results: Two of the assessments deal with the question 'Where do we stand?', two others with variants of 'What if' questions. Economic Assessment can take place in combination with any of the others. The assessments involve both overall 'procedures' and a variety of 'methods' which inescapably reflect some subjective assumptions and decisions, e.g. on issue framing. Resources and assistance exist for all these assessments. The paper indicates which type of assessment is appropriate for what purpose. Conclusions: Although scientific soundness of health assessments is not trivial to secure, existing types of health assessment can be interpreted as a useful 'toolkit' for supporting governance. If current traces of 'silo' thinking can be overcome, the attainability of a more unified culture of health assessments increases and such assessments might more widely be recognized as a prime, 'tried and tested' way to voice Public Health knowledge and to support rational governance and policy-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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41. Piloting a generic cancer consumer quality index in six European countries.
- Author
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Wind, Anke, Roeling, Mark Patrick, Heerink, Jana, Sixma, Herman, Presti, Pietro, Lombardo, Claudio, and van Harten, Wim
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CANCER patient care ,PATIENT satisfaction ,MEDICAL quality control ,ACQUISITION of data ,INTERNET surveys ,TUMORS & psychology ,CLINICAL medicine ,COMPARATIVE studies ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,PSYCHOMETRICS ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH ,PILOT projects ,EVALUATION research ,KEY performance indicators (Management) - Abstract
Background: Accounting for patients' perspective has become increasingly important. Based on the Consumer Quality Index method (founded on Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems) a questionnaire was recently developed for Dutch cancer patients. As a next step, this study aimed to adapt and pilot this questionnaire for international comparison of cancer patients experience and satisfaction with care in six European countries.Method: The Consumer Quality Index was translated into the local language at the participating pilot sites using cross-translation. A minimum of 100 patients per site were surveyed through convenience sampling. Data from seven pilot sites in six countries was collected through an online and paper-based survey. Internal consistency was tested by calculating Cronbach's alpha and validity by means of cognitive interviews. Demographic factors were compared as possible influencing factors.Results: A total of 698 patients from six European countries filled the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha was good or satisfactory in 8 out of 10 categories. Patient satisfaction significantly differed between the countries. We observed no difference in patient satisfaction for age, gender, education, and tumor type, but satisfaction was significantly higher in patients with a higher level of activation.Conclusion: This European Cancer Consumer Quality Index(ECCQI) showed promising scores on internal consistency (reliability) and a good internal validity. The ECCQI is to our knowledge the first to measure and compare experiences and satisfaction of cancer patients on an international level, it may enable healthcare providers to improve the quality of cancer care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
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42. THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF RESEARCH.
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Alì, Mario
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GLOBALIZATION ,RESEARCH ,HUMAN capital ,THEORY of knowledge - Abstract
This paper focuses on the importance given to strategies for internationalization and research, two topics currently at the centre of European debate. What is made evident is the concept of investment in terms of capital human, knowledge, as well as economic -- to foster awareness of the fact that the growth of a society is closely linked to the production of knowledge and research. These are factors of primary importance for a society wanting to successfully deal with the challenge represented by the current crisis. Investing in the development of internationalization and research is one way of meeting this challenge. The paper outlines the different steps for carrying out the structural reforms needed to achieve the objectives set by the EU Communication 2020. In the same way, the progressive phases of the Directorate General for the Internationalization of Research (Ministry of Education) and other interested Ministries are also made evident in the Italian context. As part of these measures, the European Commission underlines the need to share a common European policy by integrating objectives, actors, strategies, actions and instruments, so that it can be implemented in the next Framework Programme -- "Horizon 2020-The Framework Programme for Research and Innovation". This review highlights the need to work jointly on important common objectives, regarding research, innovation and internationalization, aimed at achieving tangible results for public welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
43. The theory/practice gap: a problem for research in business schools?
- Author
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Reed, Michael I.
- Subjects
THEORY ,MANAGEMENT ,BUSINESS schools ,RESEARCH - Abstract
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview and evaluation of the "theory/practice" gap in business and management research as it has been developed in relation to US and European business and management schools. Design/methodology/approach - The paper combines theoretical and institutional analysis to construct a framework for analyzing the "theory/practice" gap and its wider implications. Findings - The paper suggests that a "dialogical" rather than "linear" model of knowledge production and dissemination is the most analytically and practically useful way of approaching the "theory/practice" gap in business and management research. Originality/value - The paper reviews and updates the "theory/practice" gap in business and management research and offers a more nuanced and realistic appreciation of how it might be resolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
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44. New challenges for universities in the knowledge triangle.
- Author
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Unger, Maximilian, Marsan, Giulia Ajmone, Meissner, Dirk, Polt, Wolfgang, and Cervantes, Mario
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UNIVERSITY & college administration ,TRIANGLES ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,HELICES (Algebraic topology) ,PRIVATE sector - Abstract
This paper discusses the role of higher education institutions within the framework of the knowledge triangle between academic education, scientific research and innovation, as it has gained importance in recent years as a framework for innovation policies especially in the OECD and Europe. First, complementary concepts of universities' outreach activities and extended role model such as 'third mission', 'triple helix', 'entrepreneurial or civic university' models and 'smart specialization' are reflected against their fit with the concept of the knowledge triangle, also with respect to new requirements for university governance. Second, a new understanding of spillovers between public sectors research and the business sector according to knowledge triangle is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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45. PUBLIC POLICY EDUCATION GOES GLOBAL: A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL CHALLENGE.
- Author
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Fritzen, Scott A.
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RESEARCH ,PUBLIC institutions ,PUBLIC administration ,EDUCATIONAL planning ,SURVEYS - Abstract
The article examines several papers relating to public policy schools and programs around the world. According to the author, the paper focused on six emerging programs that had representatives present, including four that usefully supplemented the conference paper's survey of broad trends in Canada, Europe, Australia and New Zealand. In addition, the programs examined have complex relationship with the demand side of policy education. Furthermore, a table showing a descriptive overview of some of the programs discussed is offered.
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- 2008
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46. New methodologies for comparative research? Establishing 'constants' and 'contexts' in educational experience.
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Osborn *, Marilyn
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RESEARCH ,COMPARATIVE studies ,STUDENTS ,ACADEMIC achievement ,FOREIGN study ,EDUCATION policy - Abstract
Drawing upon a programme of comparative studies in three European countries, England, France and Denmark, this paper discusses some of the particular issues and problems that can arise in comparative research. It outlines some ways in which the research has attempted to resolve these and to shed light on the complex interplay of factors—personal, social and structural—that influence young people's engagement with learning. It argues that comparative approaches which combine careful measurement with ‘up-close’, deep understanding of real-world contexts, can be a very powerful mix. The paper proceeds to discuss some innovative features of comparative research design such as the use of student quotations from the three countries as a stimulus to group interviews with students and the employment of an ‘insider-outsider’ perspective, both in the development of research instruments and in fieldwork, by collaborators from more than one country working together and writing up their observations of countries other than their own. It is argued that such an approach can give valuable insights to other comparative researchers who wish to acknowledge the importance of both structure and agency in order to illuminate the complexities of the interaction between culture, social structure and institutions and individual action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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47. Pediatric suicide attempts lagged during the COVID-19 pandemic: a European multicenter study.
- Author
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Moscoso, Ana, Cousien, Anthony, Serra, Giulia, Erlangsen, Annette, Vila, Mar, Paradžik, Ljubica, Pires, Sandra, Villar, Francisco, Bogadi, Marija, da Silva, Pedro Caldeira, Vicari, Stefano, Krantz, Mette Falkenberg, Delorme, Richard, do Amaral, Sarah, Andracchio, Elisa, Apicell, Massimo, Bilić, Ivana, Chieppa, Fabrizia, Duarte, Nuno Araújo, and Faustino, Iolanda
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STATISTICAL models ,BEHAVIOR modification ,EMERGENCY services in psychiatric hospitals ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,MENTAL illness ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,FAMILY history (Medicine) ,SUICIDAL behavior ,ODDS ratio ,REWARD (Psychology) ,RESEARCH ,STATISTICS ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,COVID-19 pandemic ,GOVERNMENT regulation ,ALGORITHMS ,POISONING ,TIME ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Background: Elevated rates of suicidal behavior were reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, information is scarce on patients' profiles during this period. Studies evoke the potential adverse effects of the mandatory lockdown, but they remain relatively speculative. Methods: We monitored fluctuations in suicide attempts (SA) in six European countries. We gathered data, retrospectively for under 18-year-old SA episodes (1 January 2018 to 31 December 2021), through records of psychiatric emergency services. We collected clinical profiles individually. We extracted environmental indicators by month, as provided by Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT). We used the Pruned Exact Linear Time (PELT) method to identify breakpoints in SA episodes reported for each country, and logistic regressions to estimate changes in patients' characteristics after the breakpoints. Finally, we used a univariate and multivariate negative binomial model to assess the link between SA and OxCGRT indicators, accounting for the delay (lag) between the interventions and their impact on SA. Results: The study comprised 2,833 children and adolescents (mean age = 15.1 years (SD 1.6); M: F sex-ratio = 1:5.4). A significant increase in SA was found either 6 or 10 months after the beginning of the pandemic, varying by country. Patients were more likely to be girls (aOR = 1.77 [1.34; 2.34]) and used SA methods "other than self-poisoning" (aOR = 1.34 [1.05; 1.7]). In the multivariate model, an association was found between SA and the contact tracing indicator with an 11 months delay, and the number of COVID-19 deaths with a 3-months delay. Conclusions: Findings confirmed a delayed increase in SA during the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adolescents as well as changes in patients' profiles. The duration and severity of the pandemic emerged as the strongest predictor in the rise of SA. If faced with a similar pandemic in the future, the gap between the onset of pandemic and the increase in suicide attempts presents an opportunity for prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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48. Reasonability of Frequent Laboratory Analyses during Therapy with Nivolumab and Nivolumab+Ipilimumab in Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma during the Phase 2 Clinical Trial TITAN-RCC.
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Franke, Klara, Foller, Susan, Rosero Moreno, Michele Estephania, Ali, Nalyan, Leistritz, Lutz, Leucht, Katharina, and Grimm, Marc-Oliver
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THERAPEUTIC use of antineoplastic agents ,LEUKOCYTE count ,CREATININE ,DATA analysis ,STATISTICAL significance ,RESEARCH funding ,DRUG therapy ,ASPARTATE aminotransferase ,BILIRUBIN ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,METASTASIS ,CLINICAL pathology ,DOSE-effect relationship in pharmacology ,LONGITUDINAL method ,KAPLAN-Meier estimator ,RENAL cell carcinoma ,RESEARCH ,ALANINE aminotransferase ,LIPASES ,NIVOLUMAB ,CANCER patient psychology ,THYROTROPIN ,DATA analysis software ,IPILIMUMAB ,AMYLASES - Abstract
Simple Summary: In this work, we evaluated the need for frequent laboratory assessments in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab and nivolumab+ipilimumab during the TITAN-RCC clinical trial. We analysed how often reached criteria for dose delay or permanent discontinuation of therapy would have been missed if the frequency of laboratory testing had been reduced, in order to avoid over-sampling patients and to optimise clinical workflow and staffing. Our study showed that if the frequency of laboratory tests had been reduced, reached dose delay criteria would hardly have been missed. This would have affected up to 1% (2/207) of patients. An exception was dose delay due to the elevation of lipase blood levels which would have been missed in up to 7% (15/207) of patients. However, these patients presented with symptoms and would have been identified based thereupon. Discontinuation criteria would have only been overlooked for lipase (2% [4/207] of patients) and amylase (0.5% [1/207] of patients). Again, these patients would have been identified, since only symptomatic patients would have needed to discontinue treatment due to amylase or lipase laboratory values. In conclusion, in asymptomatic patients in our setting, laboratory analyses do not seem to be necessary before every treatment application. In clinical trials, laboratory values are assessed with high frequency. This can be stressful for patients, resource intensive, and difficult to implement, for example in office-based settings. In the prospective, multicentre phase 2 TITAN-RCC trial (NCT02917772), we investigated how many relevant changes in laboratory values would have been missed if laboratory values had been assessed less frequently. Patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (n = 207) received a response-based approach with nivolumab and nivolumab+ipilimumab boosts for non-response. We simulated that laboratory values were obtained before every second dose instead of every dose of the study drug(s). We assessed elevated leukocyte counts, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, creatinine, amylase, lipase, and thyroid-stimulating hormone. Dose delay and discontinuation criteria were defined according to the study protocol. With the reduced frequency of laboratory analyses, dose delay criteria were rarely missed: in a maximum of <0.1% (3/4382) of assessments (1% [2/207] of patients) during nivolumab monotherapy and in a maximum of 0.2% (1/465) of assessments (1% [1/132] of patients) during nivolumab+ipilimumab boosts. An exception was lipase-related dose delay which would have been missed in 0.6% (25/4204) of assessments (7% [15/207] of patients) during nivolumab monotherapy and in 0.8% (4/480) of assessments (3% [4/134] of patients) during nivolumab+ipilimumab boosts, but would have required the presence of symptoms. Discontinuation criteria would have only been missed for amylase (<0.1% [1/3965] of assessments [0.5% (1/207) of patients] during nivolumab monotherapy, none during nivolumab+ipilimumab boosts) and lipase (0.1% [5/4204] of assessments [2% (4/207) of patients] during nivolumab monotherapy; 0.2% [1/480] of assessments [0.7% (1/134) of patients] during nivolumab+ipilimumab boosts). However, only symptomatic patients would have had to discontinue treatment due to amylase or lipase laboratory values. In conclusion, a reduced frequency of laboratory testing appears to be acceptable in asymptomatic patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab or nivolumab+ipilimumab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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49. Immigration policies and trends: a comparison of Canada and the United States.
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Boyd, Monica and Boyd, M
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EMIGRATION & immigration ,UNITED States emigration & immigration ,KINSHIP ,IMMIGRANTS ,COMPARATIVE studies ,ECONOMICS ,LEGISLATION ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,OCCUPATIONS ,RESEARCH ,SOCIAL change ,SOCIAL control ,EVALUATION research - Abstract
This paper discusses recent migration to North America with reference to the 1962 and 1967 Canadian immigration regulations and the 1965 United States Immigration and Nationality Act. Despite the similar emphasis on manpower and kinship criteria as the basis for the admission of immigrants, differences between Canada and the United States exist with respect to the importance of immigration for the respective economies, the organization of immigration, the formal regulations, and the size and composition of migrant streams. After an examination of the volume, origin, and occupational composition of immigration to Canada and the United States, flows between the two countries are studied. The paper concludes with a scrutiny of changes in immigration regulations which are pending in both countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 1976
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50. Specialist health care services use in a European cohort of infants born very preterm.
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Seppänen, Anna‐Veera, Bodeau‐Livinec, Florence, Boyle, Elaine M, Edstedt‐Bonamy, Anna‐Karin, Cuttini, Marina, Toome, Liis, Maier, Rolf F, Cloet, Eva, Koopman‐Esseboom, Corine, Pedersen, Pernille, Gadzinowski, Janusz, Barros, Henrique, Zeitlin, Jennifer, Seppänen, Anna-Veera, Bodeau-Livinec, Florence, Edstedt-Bonamy, Anna-Karin, Koopman-Esseboom, Corine, and Effective Perinatal Intensive Care in Europe (EPICE) research group
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MEDICAL care use ,MEDICAL care ,HEALTH information services ,INFANTS ,PREMATURE labor ,BIRTH size ,LOW birth weight ,COMPARATIVE studies ,LONGITUDINAL method ,MEDICAL cooperation ,MEDICAL specialties & specialists ,RESEARCH ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,EVALUATION research ,PATIENTS' attitudes - Abstract
Copyright of Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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