55,953 results
Search Results
2. Angle of the Perforation Line to Optimize Partitioning Efficiency on Toilet Papers
- Author
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Joana Costa Vieira, André Costa Vieira, Marcelo L. Ribeiro, Paulo T. Fiadeiro, and Ana Paula Costa
- Subjects
FE model ,optimization ,perforation efficiency ,perforation line angle ,tissue toilet paper ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
Currently, tissue product producers try to meet consumers’ requirements to retain their loyalty. In perforated products, such as toilet paper, these requirements involve the paper being portioned along the perforation line and not outside of it. Thus, it becomes necessary to enhance the behavior of the perforation line in perforated tissue papers. The current study aimed to verify if the perforation line for 0° (the solution found in commercial perforated products) is the best solution to maximize the perforation efficiency. A finite element (FE) simulation was used to validate the experimental data, where the deviations from the experiments were 5.2% for the case with a 4 mm perforation length and 8.8% for a perforation of 2 mm, and optimize the perforation efficiency using the genetic algorithm while considering two different cases. In the first case, the blank distance and the perforation line angle were varied, with the best configuration being achieved with a blank distance of 0.1 mm and an inclination angle of 0.56°. For the second case, the blank distance was fixed to 1.0 mm and the only variable to be optimized was the inclination angle of the perforation line. It was found that the best angle inclination was 0.67°. In both cases, it was verified that a slight inclination in the perforation line will favor partitioning and therefore the perforation efficiency.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Order Allocation for Stock Cutting in the Paper Industry
- Author
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Menon, Syam and Schrage, Linus
- Published
- 2002
4. Production and Characterization of Paper from Banana Stem Fiber: Optimization Using Box-behnken Design (BBD)
- Author
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Vianney Andrew Yiga, Michael Lubwama, James Opio, Emmanuel Menya, Denis Nono, and Harriet Nalubega Lubwama
- Subjects
banana stem ,box-behnken design ,density ,optimization ,paper ,response surface methodology ,Science ,Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc. ,TP890-933 - Abstract
Banana stem is a known alternative to wood for the production of pulp and paper. During the production of paper, it is extremely important to save costs and time while at the same time enhancing quality of produced paper. In the present study, paper was developed from banana stem fiber by optimizing its density. Response surface methodology (RSM) using Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to determine optimum blending parameters of the developed papers. The influence of banana stem fiber amount (250-1000 g), water amount (1-2liters) and blending time (5-10 min) on paper density was analyzed using software Stat-Ease 360, Version 13. The optimum conditions of banana stem fiber amount, water amount and blending time to achieve a density of 675.75 g/m3 were determined as 461.83 g, 1.31liters, and 8.53 min, respectively. ANOVA results revealed that the quadratic model best fits the density response, with blending time and banana stem fiber amount as the most significant model terms. Linear effects were more predominant than quadratic and interaction effects. The developed density model was in close agreement with experimental findings with an R2 value of 0.9748. Developed paper had cellulosic contents, with volatiles as high as 82.11%wb and 2.11%wb ash composition. Future works on thermal properties of paper are encouraged.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Angle of the Perforation Line to Optimize Partitioning Efficiency on Toilet Papers.
- Author
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Vieira, Joana Costa, Vieira, André Costa, Ribeiro, Marcelo L., Fiadeiro, Paulo T., and Costa, Ana Paula
- Subjects
- *
TOILET paper , *GENETIC algorithms , *ANGLES - Abstract
Currently, tissue product producers try to meet consumers' requirements to retain their loyalty. In perforated products, such as toilet paper, these requirements involve the paper being portioned along the perforation line and not outside of it. Thus, it becomes necessary to enhance the behavior of the perforation line in perforated tissue papers. The current study aimed to verify if the perforation line for 0° (the solution found in commercial perforated products) is the best solution to maximize the perforation efficiency. A finite element (FE) simulation was used to validate the experimental data, where the deviations from the experiments were 5.2% for the case with a 4 mm perforation length and 8.8% for a perforation of 2 mm, and optimize the perforation efficiency using the genetic algorithm while considering two different cases. In the first case, the blank distance and the perforation line angle were varied, with the best configuration being achieved with a blank distance of 0.1 mm and an inclination angle of 0.56°. For the second case, the blank distance was fixed to 1.0 mm and the only variable to be optimized was the inclination angle of the perforation line. It was found that the best angle inclination was 0.67°. In both cases, it was verified that a slight inclination in the perforation line will favor partitioning and therefore the perforation efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Modeling and optimization of process parametric interaction during high-rate anaerobic digestion of recycled paper mill wastewater using the response surface methodology
- Author
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Haider M. Zwain, Hind Barghash, Mohammadtaghi Vakili, Hasan Sh. Majdi, and Irvan Dahlan
- Subjects
anaerobic digestion (ad) ,high-rate novel anaerobic baffled reactor (hr-nabr) ,modeling ,optimization ,recycled paper mill wastewater (rpmw) ,response surface methodology ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 - Abstract
This study carried out the anaerobic digestion of recycled paper mill wastewater (RPMW) in a high-rate novel anaerobic baffled reactor. The parametric interaction between influent chemical oxygen demand (CODin) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) was modeled, and process responses were optimized by the response surface methodology (RSM) using a three-level factorial design. The results showed that the optimal condition was determined at CODin of 4,000 mg/L and HRT of 2 days and predicted values for COD removal, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal, lignin removal, CH4 content, and CH4 production were found to be 94%, 98%, 68%, 85%, and 20.8 L CH4/d, respectively. According to the statistical analysis of the RSM, all models were significant with very low probability values (from 0.0045 to
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Production and Characterization of Paper from Banana Stem Fiber: Optimization Using Box-behnken Design (BBD).
- Author
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Yiga, Vianney Andrew, Lubwama, Michael, Opio, James, Menya, Emmanuel, Nono, Denis, and Lubwama, Harriet Nalubega
- Subjects
BANANAS ,RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics) ,WOOD-pulp ,PAPER pulp ,FIBERS - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Natural Fibers is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Techno-economic comparison of two hydroxyl and sulfate radicals based advanced oxidation process for enhancing biodegradability of pulp and paper mill wastewater.
- Author
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Tahmasebi, Ali, Ghaffari, Seyed-Behnam, and Sarrafzadeh, Mohammad-Hossein
- Subjects
- *
HYDROXYL group , *PAPER pulp , *PULP mills , *PAPER mills , *SEWAGE - Abstract
[Display omitted] • Optimization study of Photo-Fenton and PDS/UV processes for BOD and COD removal. • Photo-Fenton process was able to enhance biodegradability. • PDS/UV process on the best condition only could maintain the biodegradability. • The operational cost of Photo-Fenton processes is much cheaper than PDS/UV process. The aim of this study is to provide an Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) based solution to enhance biological treatment efficiency by improving biodegradability of wastewater. Photo-Fenton and Peroxydisulfate (PDS)/UV processes were selected in this study as a representative of hydroxyl and sulfate radical based AOPs. A central composition design (CCD) employed to optimize operational cost and BOD/COD ratio to determine optimal conditions for enhancing wastewater treatment efficiency. The study achieved a maximum COD removal of 71.5 % and increased wastewater biodegradability. Optimal conditions for Photo-Fenton process were DOD (H 2 O 2) 0.28, [Fe2+] 106.26 mg/L, and pH 2.32, costing 2.27 USD per 1 kg COD removed. For PDS/UV process, 75.5 % COD removal was achieved at a cost of 10.6 USD/1 kg removed COD. The PDS/UV process had higher COD removal than Photo-Fenton but did not improve wastewater biodegradability. Optimal conditions were DOD (PDS) 0.19, pH 6.68, costing 10.6 USD/1 kg COD removed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Paper mulberry fruit juice: a novel biomass resource for bioethanol production
- Author
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Ajayo, Pleasure Chisom, Huang, Mei, Zhao, Li, Tian, Dong, Jiang, Qin, Deng, Shihuai, Zeng, Yongmei, and Shen, Fei
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Trim Loss Optimization in Paper Production Using Reinforcement Artificial Bee Colony
- Author
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Suthida Fairee, Charoenchai Khompatraporn, Booncharoen Sirinaovakul, and Santitham Prom-On
- Subjects
Stock cutting ,optimization ,swarm intelligence ,artificial bee colony algorithm ,pulp and paper industry ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
In paper production, a jumbo reel is cut into multiple intermediate rolls, and each intermediate roll is then sheeted as finished goods. This problem is called a cutting stock problem and is proven to be NP-hard. The objective is to minimize material waste or trim loss from all the cuttings. In the case that any intermediate roll is not entirely used for its associated order, the intermediate roll itself could turn to be a dead stock. We use the concept of universal sizes of intermediate rolls to eliminate the dead stock. A pre-defined number of universal sizes of intermediate rolls is to be used to serve all the orders. The problem is solved using Reinforcement Artificial Bee Colony algorithm with Integer Linear Programming subroutine. This proposed approach is then tested with a set of 1,055 orders and 127 different sizes of sheet papers from a paper manufacturer. The results reveal that our method outperforms other algorithms. Our method offers the total trim loss of 3.51%, compared to the trim loss reported by the industry of at least 5%. This approach not only reduces the number of partially cut rolls, but also decreases the number of the jumbo reels needed to serve all the orders. Therefore, both the inventory cost and material cost can be saved.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Production and Optimization of Briquettes from Sugarcane Bagasse using Blends of Waste Paper and Clay as Binders.
- Author
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INUWA, F. M., MOHAMMED, J., and BAWA, M. A.
- Abstract
Demand for green environments has stimulated research on the migration from conventional to renewable energy sources. In the case of combustible energy for domestic applications, briquettes produced from biomass have proven to be a good replacement for wood fuel. In this study, investigation on the performance analysis and optimization of mix ratio of briquettes produced from sugarcane bagasse using composite binders (waste paper and clay) was carried out. Box-Behnken Design feature of the Design Expert software was employed for the optimization of the briquettes mix ratio. Briquettes were produced from sugarcane bagasse based on the optimum conditions of 9.12% clay, 12.57% waste paper, 78.31% proportion of sugarcane bagasse and 5 KN compaction pressure. The produced briquette was found to have a compressive strength of 6.4715 MPa and 0.857 g/min burning rate. The results of the study shows that the experimental values were close to the predicted values with a percentage error of 3.11% for compressive strength and1.79% for burning rate which confirms the validity and adequacy of the predicted models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Optimal Volume Planning and Scheduling of Paper Production with Smooth Transitions by Product Grades.
- Author
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Voronov, Roman, Shabaev, Anton, and Prokhorov, Ilya
- Subjects
PRODUCTION scheduling ,GREEDY algorithms ,PAPER mills ,CUTTING stock problem ,MATHEMATICAL models ,SIMPLEX algorithm - Abstract
The article deals with the problem of calculating the volume calendar plan of a paper mill. The presented mathematical model and methods make it possible to schedule paper production orders between several paper machines (PM) to even their loading, devise cutting plans for each winder and arrange the order of their implementation. When forming cutting plans, orders are grouped in accordance with such parameters as grammage, roll diameter, core diameter, product type and number of layers. Deadlines and volumes in customer orders are taken into account. The cutting plans for each winder account for the allowable roll width limits and the maximum number of knives. To find the optimal schedule, a combination of the following criteria is used: minimal trim loss, minimal changes to the knives' setup and smooth transitions by product grades. Solution algorithms are presented that use a combination of the simplex method, the column generation, the branch and bound methods, the greedy algorithm and the local search procedure. We tested the solution approach on real production data from a paper mill in European Russia and obtained the production sequence that better matches deadlines in customer orders compared to the plan devised manually by production planners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Production and Optimization of Briquettes from Sugarcane Bagasse using Blends of Waste Paper and Clay as Binders
- Author
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F. M. Inuma, J. Mohammed, and M. A. Bawa
- Subjects
Briquettes ,Optimization ,Binders ,Compressive strength ,Burning Rate ,Science - Abstract
Demand for green environments has stimulated research on the migration from conventional to renewable energy sources. In the case of combustible energy for domestic applications, briquettes produced from biomass have proven to be a good replacement for wood fuel. In this study, investigation on the performance analysis and optimization of mix ratio of briquettes produced from sugarcane bagasse using composite binders (waste paper and clay) was carried out. Box-Behnken Design feature of the Design Expert software was employed for the optimization of the briquettes mix ratio. Briquettes were produced from sugarcane bagasse based on the optimum conditions of 9.12% clay, 12.57% waste paper, 78.31% proportion of sugarcane bagasse and 5 KN compaction pressure. The produced briquette was found to have a compressive strength of 6.4715 MPa and 0.857 g/min burning rate. The results of the study shows that the experimental values were close to the predicted values with a percentage error of 3.11% for compressive strength and1.79% for burning rate which confirms the validity and adequacy of the predicted models.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Goal programming model applied to waste paper logistics processes.
- Author
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Defalque, Cristiane Maria, da Silva, Aneirson Francisco, and Marins, Fernando Augusto Silva
- Subjects
- *
WASTE paper , *PAPER recycling , *MIXED integer linear programming , *GOAL programming , *VEHICLE routing problem , *REVERSE logistics - Abstract
• A Goal Programming model to optimize a waste paper recycling network was elaborated. • The model considers objectives related to sustainability, multiple products and periods. • Vehicle routing, different-capacity vehicles and multiple trips are highlights. • The possibility of storing material at the collection points is considered. • The formulation provides relevant solutions to assist decision-makers. Organization and planning of reverse logistics networks make sustainable processes more efficient. Thus, an important sector for connecting the collection and waste paper recycling echelons is the intermediate center. In this study, a Mixed Integer Linear Programming model, which is multi-objective, multi-product, multi-level and multi-period, was developed to optimize the waste paper logistics processes of intermediate centers. The formulation includes the following echelons: collection, considering vehicle routing with different capacities; inventory of non-baling materials; baling sorted waste and inventory of bales; selling bales; disposal of non-recyclable waste. The aims of the model include: maximizing the collected waste; minimizing distances; maximizing both the production and sale of bales, and minimizing costs. According to research carried out in the literature, the developed model is a new proposal and to implement it, the Weighted Goal Programming and Revised Multi-Choice Goal Programming approaches were used to deal with multiple objectives and incorporate uncertainty into the quantity of waste available for collection. To analyze the proposed model, computational tests were executed with instances based on real data from a Brazilian company in the sector. For all performed tests, General Algebraic Modeling System 23.6.5 modeling language and CPLEX 12.2.0.2 solver were used for modeling and optimization. The results show that this study presents formulation and technological approaches that represent real situations and provide competitive solutions to the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Paper mulberry fruit juice: a novel biomass resource for bioethanol production
- Author
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Pleasure Chisom Ajayo, Mei Huang, Li Zhao, Dong Tian, Qin Jiang, Shihuai Deng, Yongmei Zeng, and Fei Shen
- Subjects
1G feedstock ,Ethanol conversion ,Response surface methodology ,Optimization ,Nutrient screening ,Technology ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Abstract By way of broadening the use of diverse sustainable bioethanol feedstocks, the potentials of Paper mulberry fruit juice (PMFJ), as a non-food, sugar-based substrate, were evaluated for fuel ethanol production. The suitability of PMFJ was proven, as maximum ethanol concentration (56.4 g/L) and yield (0.39 g/g) were achieved within half a day of the start of fermentation, corresponding to very high ethanol productivity of 4.7 g/L/hr. The established potentials were further optimally maximized through the response surface methodology (RSM). At the optimal temperature of 30 °C, yeast concentration of 0.55 g/L, and pH of 5, ethanol concentration, productivity, and yield obtained were 73.69 g/L, 4.61 g/L/hr, and 0.48 g/g, respectively. Under these ideal conditions, diverse metal salts were afterward screened for their effects on PMFJ fermentation. Based on a two-level fractional factorial design, nutrient addition had no positive impact on ethanol production. Thus, under the optimal process conditions, and without any external nutrient supplementation, bioethanol from PMFJ compared favorably with typical sugar-based energy crops, highlighting its resourcefulness as a high-value biomass resource for fuel ethanol production. Graphical Abstract
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Beyond influence: Contextualization and optimization for new narrative techniques and story-formats. Perspective paper
- Author
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Milica Petrovic, Johan Liedgren, and Andrea Gaggioli
- Subjects
storytelling ,digital narratives ,contextualization ,optimization ,ethics ,Communication. Mass media ,P87-96 - Abstract
In a society where advances and innovations occur on a daily basis, outreach and meaningful engagement with the general public become more challenging. The amount of information produced and repackaged surpasses existing systems in place to ensure truthful and factual engagement with the public, especially with complex matters regarding health science. This perspective paper discusses the value of contextualization and optimization for creating transparent and engaging content. We reflect on the innovative Transformative Storytelling Technique as a new category creating hybrid content to guide the experience of audiences, starting with the case of informal caregivers helping individuals living with neurological conditions. Moreover, we share our perspective on the important considerations for current and future development of highly targeted content using this technique. We include reflexions around the risks and ethical principles needed in the utilization and dissemination of “guided” content for the general public.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Invited paper: A Review of Thresheld Convergence
- Author
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Stephen Chen, James Montgomery, Antonio Bolufé-Röhler, and Yasser Gonzalez-Fernandez
- Subjects
Exploration ,Exploitation ,Heuristic Algorithms ,Optimization ,Multi-modality ,Management. Industrial management ,HD28-70 - Abstract
A multi-modal search space can be defined as having multiple attraction basins – each basin has a single local optimum which is reached from all points in that basin when greedy local search is used. Optimization in multi-modal search spaces can then be viewed as a two-phase process. The first phase is exploration in which the most promising attraction basin is identified. The second phase is exploitation in which the best solution (i.e. the local optimum) within the previously identified attraction basin is attained. The goal of thresheld convergence is to improve the performance of search techniques during the first phase of exploration. The effectiveness of thresheld convergence has been demonstrated through applications to existing metaheuristics such as particle swarm optimization and differential evolution, and through the development of novel metaheuristics such as minimum population search and leaders and followers.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Node Insertion Algorithm and Ant Colony Optimization: Performance Review on Travelling Salesman Problem Paper for the Optimality of Network Topology.
- Author
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Juhana, Tutun, Lukman, Selvi, Rachmana, Nana, Husni, Faizal, Adhiluhung, Gelar Pambudi, and Harjono, Hafizh Mulya
- Subjects
- *
ANT algorithms , *TRAVELING salesman problem , *POLYNOMIAL time algorithms , *TOPOLOGY , *APPROXIMATION algorithms , *INDUSTRIAL controls manufacturing , *DETERMINISTIC algorithms , *GRAPH theory - Abstract
The integrated industrial control systems require a reliable communication among each part of control systems. The limitation of network topology comprises the low latency of data transmission. The network algorithm topologies are sometimes failed to ensure the faulttolerant network design even if they offer it. Therefore, this works investigates a Node Insertion Algorithm (NIA) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) in order to solve the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) for network topologies in a communication network. The NP Non deterministic (polynomial time)-hardness based of TSP leads to the impossibility of polynomial time algorithm to solve an exponentially increasing amount of communication addresses. TSP itself is a well-known solution method known in the graph theory which is based on approximation algorithm. Therefore, this work also presents a comparison between the NIA and ACO for 200 nodes of network topologies. The results show that NIA is superior than ACO in terms of resulting ring's cost and computation duration. Three topologies are tested and it is observable that NIA requires only 14.88 seconds to finish the computation in which the resulting ring's length reaches 164019 units. Therefore, the achievement of the NIA can be applied for logical and physical nodes for a reliable connection in an industrial topology network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Goal programming model applied to waste paper logistics processes
- Author
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Fernando Augusto Silva Marins, Cristiane Maria Defalque, Aneirson Francisco da Silva, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rodovia Presidente Dutra, and Brazil
- Subjects
Optimization ,Operations research ,Modeling language ,Computer science ,Waste paper recycling ,Applied Mathematics ,Waste paper ,02 engineering and technology ,Reverse logistics ,Solver ,01 natural sciences ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Weighted goal programming ,Modeling and Simulation ,Goal programming ,0103 physical sciences ,Vehicle routing problem ,Revised Multi-Choice Goal Programming ,Production (economics) ,Center (algebra and category theory) ,010301 acoustics - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:31:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-10-01 Organization and planning of reverse logistics networks make sustainable processes more efficient. Thus, an important sector for connecting the collection and waste paper recycling echelons is the intermediate center. In this study, a Mixed Integer Linear Programming model, which is multi-objective, multi-product, multi-level and multi-period, was developed to optimize the waste paper logistics processes of intermediate centers. The formulation includes the following echelons: collection, considering vehicle routing with different capacities; inventory of non-baling materials; baling sorted waste and inventory of bales; selling bales; disposal of non-recyclable waste. The aims of the model include: maximizing the collected waste; minimizing distances; maximizing both the production and sale of bales, and minimizing costs. According to research carried out in the literature, the developed model is a new proposal and to implement it, the Weighted Goal Programming and Revised Multi-Choice Goal Programming approaches were used to deal with multiple objectives and incorporate uncertainty into the quantity of waste available for collection. To analyze the proposed model, computational tests were executed with instances based on real data from a Brazilian company in the sector. For all performed tests, General Algebraic Modeling System 23.6.5 modeling language and CPLEX 12.2.0.2 solver were used for modeling and optimization. The results show that this study presents formulation and technological approaches that represent real situations and provide competitive solutions to the problem. Sáo Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” [Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho] School of Engineering of Guaratinguetá [Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá] Production Department, Av. Ariberto Pereira da Cunha, 333, Portal das Colinas Agulhas Negras Military Academy [Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras] Rodovia Presidente Dutra, km 306, s/n Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Exército Avenida Papa Pio XII 350 Jardim Chapadão Campinas - SP Brazil, Avenida Papa Pio XII, 350, Jardim Chapadão, Campinas - SP Sáo Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” [Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho] School of Engineering of Guaratinguetá [Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá] Production Department, Av. Ariberto Pereira da Cunha, 333, Portal das Colinas
- Published
- 2021
20. Strategies for Reducing Power Consumption and Increasing Reliability in IoT
- Author
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Reis, Ricardo, Rannenberg, Kai, Editor-in-Chief, Sakarovitch, Jacques, Editorial Board Member, Goedicke, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Tatnall, Arthur, Editorial Board Member, Neuhold, Erich J., Editorial Board Member, Pras, Aiko, Editorial Board Member, Tröltzsch, Fredi, Editorial Board Member, Pries-Heje, Jan, Editorial Board Member, Kreps, David, Editorial Board Member, Reis, Ricardo, Editorial Board Member, Furnell, Steven, Editorial Board Member, Furbach, Ulrich, Editorial Board Member, Winckler, Marco, Editorial Board Member, Malaka, Rainer, Editorial Board Member, Strous, Leon, editor, and Cerf, Vinton G., editor
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Boise Paper: Process Pumping System Optimization Saves Energy and Improves Production
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Optimization of a Microbial Formulation Acclimated for Pilot-Scale Biodegradation of Paper Mill Effluent
- Author
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Luis Alberto Ordaz-Díaz, Sergio Valle-Cervantes, Juan Antonio Rojas-Contreras, Felipa de Jesus Rodriguez-Flores, and Ana María Bailón-Salas
- Subjects
Optimization ,Pilot scale ,Model ,Pulp and paper ,Real conditions ,Effluent ,Lagoon ,Microbial ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
A pilot-scale aerated lagoon was used for the aerobic treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent from September 1 to December 1, 2014. The aerated lagoon was installed at the chemistry laboratory in the Chemical Engineering Department at the Durango Institute of Technology and was fed with real pulp and paper mill effluent. The experimental work was run under various operating conditions. The operating parameters (total and volatile suspended solids (VSS) and dissolved oxygen concentration (DO)) and environmental variables (temperature, pH, COD, and BOD5 of influent water) were monitored daily. In all the experiments conducted, the aerated lagoon generated an effluent of optimal quality complying with the requirements of SEMARNAT (2003) and CONAGUA (2003). A model that explains the behavior of the system under realistic operating conditions was obtained. The model indicated an optimal DO of approximately 4 mg/L for concentrations up to 1000 mg/L, showing variations in concentrations above this value. This data indicate that the flexibility of the bacterial formulation and its ability to adapt to environmental changes play an important role in the stability of an aerated lagoon.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Design of the Paper Flowerpot Automatic Eyeletter Mechanism
- Author
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Li Ruifeng, Yao Ligang, He Jiaying, and Ji Wentao
- Subjects
Paper flowerpot eyeleting ,Optimization ,Cam contour ,Cam mechanism motion law ,Mechanical engineering and machinery ,TJ1-1570 - Abstract
Aiming at the problem of the high labor intensity,low eyeleting precision and low work efficiency of conventional paper flowerpot eyeletter with manual operation,an automatic eyeletter is proposed. And then,through building the mathematic model,the analysis and optimization of this mechanical structure is carried out by using mathematic analytic software. At last,two cam contour curves meeting the requirement of cam mechanism motion law well is designed. As a result,a strong theoretical basis for further study and object production in the future is provided.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Operating Conditions Optimization via the Taguchi Method to Remove Colloidal Substances from Recycled Paper and Cardboard Production Wastewater
- Author
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Mayko Rannany S. Sousa, Jaime Lora-García, María-Fernanda López-Pérez, Asunción Santafé-Moros, and José M. Gozálvez-Zafrilla
- Subjects
paper mill treated effluent ,ultrafiltration ,optimization ,fouling ,DoE ,Taguchi method ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 ,Chemical engineering ,TP155-156 - Abstract
Optimization of the ultrafiltration (UF) process to remove colloidal substances from a paper mill’s treated effluent was investigated in this study. The effects of four operating parameters in a UF system (transmembrane pressure (TMP), cross-flow velocity (CFV), temperature and molecular weight cut-off (MWCO)) on the average permeate flux (Jv), organic matter chemical oxygen demand (COD) rejection rate and the cumulative flux decline (SFD), was investigated by robust experimental design using the Taguchi method. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for an L9 orthogonal array were used to determine the significance of the individual factors, that is to say, to determine which factor has more and which less influence over the UF response variables. Analysis of the percentage contribution (P%) indicated that the TMP and MWCO have the greatest contribution to the average permeate flux and SFD. In the case of the COD rejection rate, the results showed that MWCO has the highest contribution followed by CFV. The Taguchi method and the utility concept were employed to optimize the multiple response variables. The optimal conditions were found to be 2.0 bar of transmembrane pressure, 1.041 m/s of the cross-flow velocity, 15 °C of the temperature, and 100 kDa MWCO. The validation experiments under the optimal conditions achieved Jv, COD rejection rate and SFD results of 81.15 L·m−2·h−1, 43.90% and 6.01, respectively. Additionally, SST and turbidity decreased by about 99% and 99.5%, respectively, and reduction in particle size from around 458–1281 nm to 12.71–24.36 nm was achieved. The field-emission scanning electron microscopy images under optimal conditions showed that membrane fouling takes place at the highest rate in the first 30 min of UF. The results demonstrate the validity of the approach of using the Taguchi method and utility concept to obtain the optimal membrane conditions for the wastewater treatment using a reduced number of experiments.
- Published
- 2020
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- View/download PDF
25. Development and optimization of porous carbon papers suitable for gas diffusion electrodes. Final report, December 2000
- Author
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Fleming, Patrick
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Production and Optimization of Briquettes from Sugarcane Bagasse using Blends of Waste Paper and Clay as Binders
- Author
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Inuma, F. M., Mohammed, J., and Bawa, M. A.
- Subjects
Burning Rate ,Optimization ,Binders ,General Medicine ,Briquettes ,Compressive strength - Abstract
Demand for green environments has stimulated research on the migration from conventional to renewable energy sources. In the case of combustible energy for domestic applications, briquettes produced from biomass have proven to be a good replacement for wood fuel. In this study, investigation on the performance analysis and optimization of mix ratio of briquettes produced from sugarcane bagasse using composite binders (waste paper and clay) was carried out. Box-Behnken Design feature of the Design Expert software was employed for the optimization of the briquettes mix ratio. Briquettes were produced from sugarcane bagasse based on the optimum conditions of 9.12% clay, 12.57% waste paper, 78.31% proportion of sugarcane bagasse and 5 KN compaction pressure. The produced briquette was found to have a compressive strength of 6.4715 MPa and 0.857 g/min burning rate. The results of the study shows that the experimental values were close to the predicted values with a percentage error of 3.11% for compressive strength and1.79% for burning rate which confirms the validity and adequacy of the predicted models.
- Published
- 2023
27. Production of bioplastic (poly-3-hydroxybutyrate) using waste paper as a feedstock: Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation employing Burkholderia sacchari.
- Author
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Al-Battashi, Huda, Annamalai, Neelamegam, Al-Kindi, Shatha, Nair, Anu Sadasivan, Al-Bahry, Saif, Verma, Jay Prakash, and Sivakumar, Nallusamy
- Subjects
- *
BIODEGRADABLE plastics , *WASTE paper , *BIOMASS , *CELLULASE , *HYDROGEN peroxide - Abstract
Abstract The global demand for bio-plastic particularly polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) have been increased in the last few decades as a substitute of petrochemical-based plastic. Utilization of waste paper, the primary constituent of municipal solid waste (MSW), as a carbon source for polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production is not only an alternative, environmental friendly route of waste management but also helps to valorize the waste. In this study, hydrogen peroxide pretreated waste paper saccharification has been optimized using central composite design (CCD). The maximum hydrolysis (88.18%) occurred at paper loading 5.0 g/L, agitation 242 rpm, working volume 20%, cellulase 49.82 U/g, β-glucosidase 20.9 U/g and hemicellulase 29.5 U/g. PHB synthesis and biomass accumulation by xylose-utilizing Burkholderia sacchari using waste paper hydrolysate were studied using different nitrogen sources and carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios. Maximum PHB and dry cell weight (DCW) occurred with ammonium sulfate and a C/N ratio of 20. The highest biomass (3.63 g/L), the maximum PHB accumulation (44.2%) and the maximum reducing sugar utilization (92.1%) were observed after 48 h of cultivation using diluted hydrolysate. The physicochemical properties of the extracted PHB were compatible with the standard PHB. Hence, the waste paper could be exploited as a renewable feedstock for the sustainable production of PHB. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • The maximum enzymatic hydrolysis 88.18% was achieved by response surface method. • PHB produced from waste paper hydrolysate using xylose utilizing B. sacchari. • Maximum PHB and dry cell weight occurred with (NH 4) 2 SO 4 and C/N ratio of 20. • High thermostability of PHB with a maximum degradation rate around ∼ 300 °C. • PHB production using waste paper is cost effective and ecofriendy approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Paper mulberry fruit juice: a novel biomass resource for bioethanol production
- Author
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Deng Shihuai, Mei Huang, Fei Shen, Qin Jiang, Yongmei Zeng, Dong Tian, Li Zhao, and Pleasure Chisom Ajayo
- Subjects
Optimization ,Technology ,Resource (biology) ,biology ,Ethanol conversion ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemical technology ,Nutrient screening ,Paper mulberry ,Biomedical Engineering ,Biomass ,TP1-1185 ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,Response surface methodology ,Biofuel ,Environmental science ,Production (economics) ,Fruit juice ,1G feedstock ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
By way of broadening the use of diverse sustainable bioethanol feedstocks, the potentials of Paper mulberry fruit juice (PMFJ), as a non-food, sugar-based substrate, were evaluated for fuel ethanol production. The suitability of PMFJ was proven, as maximum ethanol concentration (56.4 g/L) and yield (0.39 g/g) were achieved within half a day of the start of fermentation, corresponding to very high ethanol productivity of 4.7 g/L/hr. The established potentials were further optimally maximized through the response surface methodology (RSM). At the optimal temperature of 30 °C, yeast concentration of 0.55 g/L, and pH of 5, ethanol concentration, productivity, and yield obtained were 73.69 g/L, 4.61 g/L/hr, and 0.48 g/g, respectively. Under these ideal conditions, diverse metal salts were afterward screened for their effects on PMFJ fermentation. Based on a two-level fractional factorial design, nutrient addition had no positive impact on ethanol production. Thus, under the optimal process conditions, and without any external nutrient supplementation, bioethanol from PMFJ compared favorably with typical sugar-based energy crops, highlighting its resourcefulness as a high-value biomass resource for fuel ethanol production. Graphical Abstract
- Published
- 2022
29. Trim Loss Optimization in Paper Production Using Reinforcement Artificial Bee Colony
- Author
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Santitham Prom-on, Booncharoen Sirinaovakul, Charoenchai Khompatraporn, and Suthida Fairee
- Subjects
Mathematical optimization ,General Computer Science ,Computer science ,swarm intelligence ,General Engineering ,Paper production ,Stock cutting ,Inventory cost ,Trim ,Artificial bee colony algorithm ,pulp and paper industry ,Cutting stock problem ,General Materials Science ,artificial bee colony algorithm ,lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,Reinforcement ,Integer programming ,optimization ,lcsh:TK1-9971 - Abstract
In paper production, a jumbo reel is cut into multiple intermediate rolls, and each intermediate roll is then sheeted as finished goods. This problem is called a cutting stock problem and is proven to be NP-hard. The objective is to minimize material waste or trim loss from all the cuttings. In the case that any intermediate roll is not entirely used for its associated order, the intermediate roll itself could turn to be a dead stock. We use the concept of universal sizes of intermediate rolls to eliminate the dead stock. A pre-defined number of universal sizes of intermediate rolls is to be used to serve all the orders. The problem is solved using Reinforcement Artificial Bee Colony algorithm with Integer Linear Programming subroutine. This proposed approach is then tested with a set of 1,055 orders and 127 different sizes of sheet papers from a paper manufacturer. The results reveal that our method outperforms other algorithms. Our method offers the total trim loss of 3.51%, compared to the trim loss reported by the industry of at least 5%. This approach not only reduces the number of partially cut rolls, but also decreases the number of the jumbo reels needed to serve all the orders. Therefore, both the inventory cost and material cost can be saved.
- Published
- 2020
30. EANM position paper on article 56 of the Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom (basic safety standards) for nuclear medicine therapy
- Author
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Carsten Kobe, Ken Herrmann, Cecilia Hindorf, Frederik A. Verburg, Roland Hustinx, Michael Lassmann, Mark Konijnenberg, and Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- Subjects
Optimization ,Medizin ,Planning target volume ,Legislation ,Commission ,Safety standards ,Brief Communication ,Dosimetry ,Medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,ddc:610 ,European Union ,Medical prescription ,Radiometry ,Radionuclide Imaging ,Council directive ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Directive ,Europe ,Nuclear medicine therapy ,Position paper ,BSS directive ,Nuclear Medicine ,business ,Nuclear medicine - Abstract
Executive SummaryThe EC Directive 2013/59/Euratom states in article 56 that exposures of target volumes in nuclear medicine treatments shall be individually planned and their delivery appropriately verified. The Directive also mentions that medical physics experts should always be appropriately involved in those treatments. Although it is obvious that, in nuclear medicine practice, every nuclear medicine physician and physicist should follow national rules and legislation, the EANM considered it necessary to provide guidance on how to interpret the Directive statements for nuclear medicine treatments.For this purpose, the EANM proposes to distinguish three levels in compliance to the optimization principle in the directive, inspired by the indication of levels in prescribing, recording and reporting of absorbed doses after radiotherapy defined by the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU): Most nuclear medicine treatments currently applied in Europe are standardized. The minimum requirement for those treatments is ICRU level 1 (“activity-based prescription and patient-averaged dosimetry”), which is defined by administering the activity within 10% of the intended activity, typically according to the package insert or to the respective EANM guidelines, followed by verification of the therapy delivery, if applicable. Non-standardized treatments are essentially those in developmental phase or approved radiopharmaceuticals being used off-label with significantly (> 25% more than in the label) higher activities. These treatments should comply with ICRU level 2 (“activity-based prescription and patient-specific dosimetry”), which implies recording and reporting of the absorbed dose to organs at risk and optionally the absorbed dose to treatment regions. The EANM strongly encourages to foster research that eventually leads to treatment planning according to ICRU level 3 (“dosimetry-guided patient-specific prescription and verification”), whenever possible and relevant. Evidence for superiority of therapy prescription on basis of patient-specific dosimetry has not been obtained. However, the authors believe that a better understanding of therapy dosimetry, i.e. how much and where the energy is delivered, and radiobiology, i.e. radiation-related processes in tissues, are keys to the long-term improvement of our treatments.
- Published
- 2021
31. On the comparison of inventory replenishment policies with time-varying stochastic demand for the paper industry.
- Author
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Escuín, David, Polo, Lorena, and Ciprés, David
- Subjects
- *
TIME-varying systems , *PAPER industry , *MATHEMATICAL models , *MAKE-to-order (Manufacturing) , *VENDOR-managed inventory , *PRODUCTION planning - Abstract
The aim of this paper is the development of a mathematical model to compute the optimal inventory mix to face stochastic demand at minimum cost in a two-level supply chain. The paper addresses a multi-product dynamic lot-sizing problem under stochastic demand subject to capacity and service level constraints. This model is executed to compare a Make To Order (MTO) strategy to a Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) partnership between the supplier and their customers. Both strategies provide the demand order to be produced. A schedule of production orders is determined over the planning horizon in order to minimize the inventory holding costs of the supply chain, taking into consideration that the supplier is also responsible of initiating the replenishment orders and deliveries of their customers according to the VMI partnership. The simulation model is illustrated empirically using a real case study: a paper manufacturing company that pursues to improve customer service level and supply chain inventory costs through a proper production planning of their paper machines and a suitable VMI order replenishment schedule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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32. Pulp and paper from oil palm fronds: Wavelet neural networks modeling of soda-ethanol pulping
- Author
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Zarita Zainuddin, Wan Rosli Wan Daud, Pauline Ong, and Amran Shafie
- Subjects
Oil palm fronds ,Optimization ,Pulp and paper ,Soda-ethanol ,Wavelet neural networks ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Wavelet neural networks (WNNs) were used to investigate the influence of operational variables in the soda-ethanol pulping of oil palm fronds (viz. NaOH concentration (10-30%), ethanol concentration (15-75%), cooking temperature (150-190 ºC), and time (60-180 min)) on the resulting pulp and paper properties (viz. screened yield, kappa number, tensile index, and tear index). Performance assessments demonstrated the predictive capability of WNNs, in that the experimental results of the dependent variables with error less than 6% were reproduced, while satisfactory R-squared values were obtained. It thus corroborated the good fit of the WNNs model for simulating the soda-ethanol pulping process for oil palm fronds.
- Published
- 2012
33. Illustrated Technical Paper - On Modeling Network Slicing Communication Resources with SARSA Optimization
- Author
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Xavier, Eduardo S., Agoulmine, Nazim, and Martins, Joberto S. B.
- Subjects
Optimization ,Communication Slice ,Network Slicing ,Network Slicing Modeling ,SARSA ,Reinforcement Learning ,Multidomain Slicing - Abstract
This paper illustrates and complements the article “On modeling network slicing communication resources with SARSA optimization.” The illustrated technical paper is intended to complement and subsidize content information extracting and reading and highlights explanatory text and additional or focused bibliographic references., {"references":["Shalitha Wijethilaka and Madhusanka Liyanage. Survey on Network Slicing for Internet of Things Realization in 5G Networks. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, 23(2):957–994, 2021.","A. A. Barakabitze, A Ahmad, R Mijumbi, and A Hines. 5G Network Slicing Using SDN and NFV: A Survey of Taxonomy, Architectures and Future Challenges. Computer Networks, 167:106984, February 2020.","F. Yousaf, M. Gramaglia, V. Friderikos, B. Gajic, D. von Hugo, B. Sayadi, V. Sciancalepore, and M. Crippa. Network Slicing with Flexible Mobility and Qos/Qoe Support for 5g Networks. In IEEE International Conference on Communications, pages 1195–1201, May 2017.","P K Thiruvasagam, A Chakraborty, and C. Murthy. Resilient and Latency-Aware Orchestration of Network Slices Using Multi-Connectivity in MEC-Enabled 5G Networks. IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, 18(3):2502–2514, September 2021.","I Kovacevic, A Shafigh, S Glisic, B Lorenzo, and E Hossain. Multi-Domain Network Slicing With Latency Equalization. IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, 17(4):2182–2196, December 2020.","Jonathan Prados-Garzon and Tarik Taleb. Asynchronous Time-Sensitive Networking for 5G Backhauling. IEEE Network, 35(2):144–151, March 2021.","Y. Xiao and M. Krunz. Dynamic Network Slicing for Scalable Fog Computing Systems With Energy Harvesting. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 36(12):2640–2654, December 2018.","K. Samdanis, X. Costa-Perez, and V. Sciancalepore. From Network Sharing to Multi-Tenancy: The 5G Network Slice Broker. IEEE Communications Magazine, 54(7):32–39, July 2016.","Gilvan Durães, Rafael Reale, Romildo Bezerra, Alexandre Fontinele, André Soares, and Joberto S. B. Martins. Evaluating the Applicability of Bandwidth Allocation Models for EON Slot Allocation. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Advanced Networks and Telecommunications Systems (IEEEANTS), pages 1–6, India, December 2017.","Joberto S B Martins, Tereza C. Carvalho, Flavio Silva, and Rodrigo Moreira. SFI2 Network Slicing Reference Architecture. Technical Report TR03/2022, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, 2022.","G. N. Dias, J. F. Rezende, L N. Ciuffo, I. Machado, Flavio Silva, Tereza C. de Brito, F. Redigolo, Joberto S. B. Martins, Leobino Sampaio, and Antonio Abelem. SFI2 - Slicing Future Internet Infrastructures project. In Proceedings of the The Global Experimentation for Future Internet, pages 1–3, Coimbra, Portugal, November 2019.","S Clayman, A Neto, F Verdi, S Correa, S Sampaio, I Sakelariou, L Mamatas, R Pasquini, K Cardoso, F Tusa, C Rothenberg, and J Serrat. The NECOS Approach to End-to-End Cloud-Network Slicing as a Service. IEEE Communications Magazine, 59(3), March 2021.","J Nightingale, Qi Wang, J M. Alcaraz Calero, E Chirivella-Perez, M Ulbricht, J A. Alonso-López, R Preto, T Batista, T Teixeira, M J Barros, and C Reinsch. Qoe-driven, energy-aware video adaptation in 5g networks: The SELFNET self-optimisation use case. Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks, 12(1), 2016.","P Gouvas, A Zafeiropoulos, C Vassilakis, E Fotopoulou, G Tsiolis, R Bruschi, R Bolla, and F Davoli. Design, Development and Orchestration of 5G-Ready Applications over Sliced Programmable Infrastructure. In 29th International Teletraffic Congress (ITC), volume 2, pages 13–18, September 2017.","IETF. Framework for IETF Network Slices. RFC- Request for Comments draft-ietf-teas-ietf-network-slice-framework-00, Internet Engineering Task Force, March 2021.","3GPP. 5G-Evolution-3GPP. Technical Report Release 16-17, 3GPP, 2020.","Telecommunication Standardization ITU-T. Framework of Network Virtualization for Future Networks. Technical Report ITU-T Y.3011, ITU-T, January 2012.","ETSI. Mobile Edge Computing A key technology towards 5G. Technical Report WP No. 11, European Telecommunications Standards Institute, September 2015.","ONF Open Networking Foundations. Applying SDN Architecture to 5G Slicing. Technical Report TR-526, ONF - Open Networking Foundations, 2016.","Shunliang Zhang. An Overview of Network Slicing for 5G. IEEE Wireless Communications, 26(3):111–117, June 2019.","X Foukas, G Patounas, A Elmokashfi, and M K Marina. Network Slicing in 5G: Survey and Challenges. IEEE Communications Magazine, 55(5):94–100, May 2017.","Alexandros Kaloxylos. A Survey and an Analysis of Network Slicing in 5G Networks. IEEE Communications Standards Magazine, 2(1):60–65, March 2018.","Eduardo S. Xavier, Nazim Agoulmine, and Joberto Martins. On Modeling Network Slicing Communication Resources with SARSA Optimization. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on ADVANCEs in ICT Infrastructures and Services (ADVANCE), pages 1–12, Fortaleza, Brazil, February 2023.","I Afolabi, T Taleb, K Samdanis, A Ksentini, and H Flinck. Network Slicing and Softwarization: A Survey on Principles, Enabling Technologies, and Solutions. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, 20(3):2429–2453, 2018.","3GPP. 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; Management and Orchestration; Concepts, Use Cases and Requirements. Technical Specification 3GPP TS 28.530 V15.0, 3GPP, 2019.","Eliseu Torres, Rafael Reale, Leobino Sampaio, and Joberto S. B. Martins. A SDN/OpenFlow Framework for Dynamic Resource Allocation based on Bandwidth Allocation Model. IEEE Latin America Transactions, 18(5):853–860, April 2020."]}
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Pulp and paper characterization by means of artificial neural networks for effluent solid waste minimization—A case study
- Author
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Nadia Ucciardello, Daniele Almonti, Gabriele Baiocco, Almonti, D., Baiocco, G., and Ucciardello, N.
- Subjects
Artificial neural network ,Optimization ,Municipal solid waste ,Computer science ,engineering.material ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Process engineering ,Representation (mathematics) ,Effluent ,Pollutant ,business.industry ,Pulp (paper) ,Paper mill ,Zeta potential ,Settore ING-IND/16 ,Computer Science Applications ,Charge demand ,Manufacturing ,Sustainability ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Modeling and Simulation ,engineering ,Minification ,business - Abstract
Paper mills are among the most polluting industries, responsible for many organic and inorganic compounds emissions. The fibres electro-kinetic features strongly affect the ability to retain fillers since the fillers–fibres interactions are charge induced. The control and the prediction of these parameters would represent a precious aid for process management, allowing the fillers retention enhancement, a lower environmental impact and the paper sheet properties streamlining. The work presented deals with the implementation and training of four artificial neural networks (ANNs) for the prediction of the main electrochemical and physical features of cellulose pulp and paper. First, two ANNs predict the electrochemical parameters. Following, they were applied to predict the paper sheet properties and fillers retention. The neural models implemented showed outstanding prediction performance, with R2 in the order of 0.999 and a low mean error. The results demonstrate how Artificial Neural Networks may be a valuable instrument for paper mill pollutant reduction. However, they suggest a more inclusive investigation for a better fibres behaviour representation.
- Published
- 2021
35. Pulp and paper characterization by means of artificial neural networks for effluent solid waste minimization—A case study.
- Author
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Almonti, Daniele, Baiocco, Gabriele, and Ucciardello, Nadia
- Subjects
- *
ARTIFICIAL neural networks , *WASTE minimization , *SOLID waste , *PAPER pulp , *MANUFACTURING processes - Abstract
Paper mills are among the most polluting industries, responsible for many organic and inorganic compounds emissions. The fibres electro-kinetic features strongly affect the ability to retain fillers since the fillers–fibres interactions are charge induced. The control and the prediction of these parameters would represent a precious aid for process management, allowing the fillers retention enhancement, a lower environmental impact and the paper sheet properties streamlining. The work presented deals with the implementation and training of four artificial neural networks (ANNs) for the prediction of the main electrochemical and physical features of cellulose pulp and paper. First, two ANNs predict the electrochemical parameters. Following, they were applied to predict the paper sheet properties and fillers retention. The neural models implemented showed outstanding prediction performance, with R2 in the order of 0.999 and a low mean error. The results demonstrate how Artificial Neural Networks may be a valuable instrument for paper mill pollutant reduction. However, they suggest a more inclusive investigation for a better fibres behaviour representation. • Main process parameters of an industrial papermaking process were identified. • Experimental datasets were achieved during industrial production. • Artificial Neural Networks were trained for process parameters prediction. • Accurate predictions of papermaking process were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Risk-Informed Monitoring, Verification and Accounting (RI-MVA). An NRAP White Paper Documenting Methods and a Demonstration Model for Risk-Informed MVA System Design and Operations in Geologic Carbon Sequestration
- Author
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Anderson, Richard
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Optimizing laccase selection for enhanced outcomes: a comprehensive review.
- Author
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Abdi Dezfouli, Ramin and Esmaeilidezfouli, Ensieh
- Subjects
LACCASE ,BACILLUS pumilus ,BACILLUS licheniformis ,ORGANIC solvents ,BACILLUS (Bacteria) ,PAPER pulp ,ENZYME kinetics - Abstract
Despite their widespread applications in sectors such as pulp and paper, textile, food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, and biofuel production, laccases encounter challenges related to their activity and stability under varying reaction conditions. This review accumulates data on the complex interplay between laccase characteristics and reaction conditions for maximizing their efficacy in diverse biotechnological processes. Benefits of organic media such as improved substrate selectivity and reaction control, and their risks such as enzyme denaturation and reduced activity are reported. Additionally, the effect of reaction conditions such as pH and temperature on laccase activity and stability are gathered and reported. Sources like Bacillus pumilus, Alcaligenes faecalis, Bacillus clausii, and Bacillus tequilensis SN4 are producing laccases that are both thermo-active and alkali-active. Additionally, changes induced by the presence of various substances within reaction media such as metals, inhibitors, and organic solvents are also reported. Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus licheniformis LS04 produce the most resistant laccases in this case. Finally, the remarkable laccases have been highlighted and the proper laccase source for each industrial application is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Optimization of Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Wheat Straw for Enhancing Sugar Yields.
- Author
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Zhang, Hui and Wu, Junhui
- Subjects
WHEAT straw ,HYDROGEN peroxide ,HEMICELLULOSE ,HYDROLYSIS ,SUGAR ,FILTER paper - Abstract
Optimization of alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw (WS) was carried out to enhance fermentable sugar yields with the use of glucose and xylose yields from the pretreated WS as responses. In the first step, variables including temperature, hydrogen peroxide concentration and time during pretreatment were detected to have significant effects on the sugar yields. The results indicate that maximal sugar yields could be obtained while the WS was pretreated using 71 g/L hydrogen peroxide solution with 200 g/L of solid loading at 50 °C for 7.6 h. The corresponding cellulose recovery, hemicellulose recovery and lignin removal were 97.5%, 84.3% and 75.0%, respectively. In the second step, enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated WS was optimized. The results show that the reaction time, enzyme loading and biomass loading during enzymatic hydrolysis also had significant effects on the sugar yields. The final maximum yields of glucose (552.7 mg/g
ds (mg/g dry substrate)) and xylose (223.6 mg/gds ) could be obtained while enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out at 50 °C for 37.0 h using 10.8 FPU/gds (filter paper activity unit per gram dry substrate) of enzyme loading, 88 g/L of biomass loading and 0.3% (w/v) of Tween-80. The corresponding cellulose conversion and hemicellulose conversion were 94.0% and 83.5%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Optimization of Operation Parameters in Ultrafiltration by Experiment Design, Mathematical Modelling and Fouling Characterization of the Membranes Used to Remove Dissolved and Colloidal Substances from a Treated Paper Mill Effluent
- Author
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Santos Sousa and Mayko Rannany
- Subjects
Membrane fouling ,Optimization ,Fouling ,Mathematical modelling ,Chemistry ,Chemical oxygen demand ,Ultrafiltration ,INGENIERIA QUIMICA ,Cross-flow filtration ,law.invention ,Membrane ,Adsorption ,Paper mill treated effluent ,Chemical engineering ,law ,DOE ,Taguchi method ,Colloidal and dissolved substances ,Filtration ,Foulants identification - Abstract
[ES] En la presente Tesis Doctoral se investigó la aplicación del proceso de ultrafiltración (UF) y el fenómeno de ensuciamiento de las membranas en la eliminación de sustancias disueltas y coloidales (DCS) de efluentes tratados de la industria papelera (PMTE) para su reutilización en los diferentes procesos de fabricación de papel y cartón reciclado. El objetivo general de esta investigación se dividió en tres partes principales: i) describe cómo encontrar las condiciones óptimas de operación de cuatro parámetros de proceso: presión transmembrana (TMP), velocidad de flujo cruzado (CFV), temperatura y corte de peso molecular (MWCO) para maximizar el flujo promedio de permeado (Jp) y rechazo de la demanda química de oxígeno (COD) y minimizar el descenso del flujo de permeado acumulado (SFD) utilizando el método de Taguchi (Design Robusto) y utility concept aplicado a un proceso de UF a flujo cruzado, para remover DCS de efluentes tratados de la industria papelera, ii) el descenso del flujo de permeado y los mecanismos de ensuciamiento de las membranas de UF ensuciadas con PMTE se examinaron mediante modelos matemáticos semi-empíricos. Los resultados para los diferentes ensayos de UF se expresaron en términos de variación del Jp en función del tiempo para verificar la precisión del ajuste (mayor valor de R2 y menor valor de desviación estándar) de los distintos modelos de Hermia adaptados a flujo tangencial y del modelo de formación de torta en filtración a presión constante ajustados a los datos experimentales, y iii) describe métodos de identificación, caracterización y posibles orígenes de las sustancias contaminantes (foulants) en las membranas de UF. Técnicas como el análisis físico-química, FESEM, SEM-EDS, ATR-FTIR y 3DEEM se llevaron a cabo para comprender qué fracción de los contaminantes son responsables por la formación de incrustaciones en las membranas. Los resultados obtenidos durante la etapa de optimización de parámetros del procesos demostraron que TMP y MWCO tienen la mayor contribución en el Jp y SFD. En el caso de la tasa de rechazo de COD, los resultados mostraron que MWCO tiene la mayor contribución seguida de CFV. Por consiguiente, las condiciones óptimas se encontraron para el segundo nivel de TMP (2.0 bar), el tercer nivel del CFV (1.041 m/s), el segundo nivel de la temperatura (15°C) y el tercer nivel de MWCO (100 kDa). Bajo estas condiciones óptimas de operación Jp, rechazo de COD y SFD alcanzaron respuestas de 81.15 L/m2.h, 43.90% y 6.01 (alrededor de 28.96 % para (FD), respectivamente, valores dentro del rango previsto del intervalo de confianza del 95%. Además, los modelos de Hermia adaptados a UF en flujo tangencial fueron capaces de predecir con gran precisión el descenso del Jp y los mecanismos de ensuciamiento en función del tiempo para todas las membranas seleccionadas (10, 30 y 100 kDa) y bajo diferentes condiciones ensayadas de UF. Por lo tanto, los modelos que presentan un mayor grado de ajuste son el bloqueo completo de poros (coeficiente de determinación R2 >0.97) y bloqueo intermedio (R2 >0.96), seguido por el modelo de formación de torta (R2 >0.94), lo que indica que estés son los principales mecanismos de ensuciamiento de las membranas. Análisis de 3DEEM revelaron que la mayoría de la materia orgánica fluorescentes en las membranas sucias eran proteínas coloidales (componentes similares a proteínas I + II) y proteínas macromoleculares (componentes similares a SMP). Además, polisacáridos (especie celulósica) y sustancias como ácidos grasos y resinosos fueron identificadas en las membranas contaminadas mediante análisis ATR-FTIR. Por fin, análisis SEM-EDS para las membranas ensuciadas con PMTE se detectó concentración de contaminantes inorgánicos (iones metálicos multivalentes) especialmente el Ca2+ que podría acelerar la formación torta en la superficie de la membrana., [CA] En la present Tesi Doctoral es va investigar l'aplicació del procés d'ultrafiltració (UF) i el fenomen d'embrutiment de les membranes en l'eliminació de substàncies dissoltes i col·loïdals (DCS) d'efluents tractats de la indústria paperera (PMTE) per al seu reutilització en els diferents processos de fabricació de paper i cartó reciclatge. L'objectiu general d'aquesta investigació es va dividir en tres parts principals: i) descriu com trobar les condicions òptimes d'operació de quatre paràmetres de procés: pressió transmembrana (TMP), velocitat de flux creuat (CFV), temperatura i tall de pes molecular (MWCO) per a maximitzar el flux mitjà de permeat (Jp) i rebuig de la demanda química d'oxigen (COD) i minimitzar el descens del flux de permeado acumulat (SFD) utilitzant el mètode de Taguchi (Design Robust) i utility concept aplicat a un procés de UF a flux creuat en escala pilot, per a remoure DCS d'efluents tractats de la indústria paperera (PMTE), ii) el descens del flux de permeat i els mecanismes de embrutiment (fouling) de les membranes de UF embrutades amb PMTE es van examinar mitjançant models matemàtics semi-empírics. Els resultats per als diferents assajos de UF es van expressar en termes de variació del flux de permeat (Jp) en funció del temps per a verificar la precisió de l'ajust (major valor de R2 i menor valor de desviació estàndard) dels diferents models de Hermia adaptats a flux tangencial i del model de formació de coca en filtració a pressió constant ajustats a les dades experimentals, i iii) descriu mètodes d'identificació, caracterització i possibles orígens de les substàncies contaminants (foulants) en les membranes de UF. Tècniques com l'anàlisi física-química, FESEM, SEM-EDS, ATR-FTIR i 3DEEM es van dur a terme per a comprendre quina fracció dels contaminants són responsables per la formació d'incrustacions sobre la superfície i adsorció dins dels porus de les membranes. Els resultats obtinguts durant l'etapa d'optimització de paràmetres del processos van demostrar que TMP i MWCO tenen la major contribució en el Jp i SFD. En el cas de la taxa de rebuig de COD, els resultats van mostrar que MWCO té la major contribució seguida de CFV. Per consegüent, les condicions òptimes es van trobar per al segon nivell de TMP (2.0 bar), el tercer nivell del CFV (1.041 m/s), el segon nivell de la temperatura (15°C) i el tercer nivell de MWCO (100 kDa). Sota aquestes condicions òptimes d'operació Jp, rebuig de COD i SFD van aconseguir respostes de 81.15 L/m².h, 43.90% i 6.01 (al voltant de 28.96% per a (FD)), respectivament, valors dins del rang previst de l'interval de confiança del 95%. A més, els models de Hermia adaptats a UF en flux tangencial van ser capaços de predir amb gran precisió el descens del Jp i els mecanismes de embrutiment en funció del temps per a totes les membranes seleccionades (10, 30 i 100 kDa) i baix diferents condicions assajades de UF. Per tant, els models que presenten un major grau d'ajust són el bloqueig complet de porus (coeficient de determinació R2 >0.97) i bloqueig intermedi (R2 >0.96), seguit pel model de formació de coca (R2 >0.94), la qual cosa indica que estigues són els principals mecanismes de embrutiment de les membranes. Anàlisi de 3DEEM van revelar que la majoria de la matèria orgànica fluorescents en les membranes brutes eren proteïnes col·loidals (components similars a proteïnes I + II) i proteïnes macromoleculars (components similars a SMP). A més, polisacàrids (espècie cel·lulòsica) i substàncies com a àcids grassos i resinosos van ser identificades en les membranes contaminades mitjançant anàlisis ATR-FTIR, tals substàncies exerceixen un paper important en el embrutiment de les membranes. Per fi, anàlisi SEM-EDS per a les membranes embrutades amb PMTE es va detectar concentració de contaminants inorgànics (ions metàl·lics multivalents) especialment el Ca2+ que podria accelerar la formació coca en la àrea de la membrana., [EN] In this PhD Thesis, the application of ultrafiltration process (UF) and membrane fouling phenomenon used to remove dissolved and colloidal substances (DCS) from paper mill treated effluent (PMTE) for reuse in different recycled paper and cardboard manufacturing processes was investigated. The overall goal of this research has been divided into three main parts: i) describes how to find optimal operating conditions of four controlling parameters, such as transmembrane pressure (TMP), cross-flow velocity (CFV), temperature and molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) for maximizing the average permeate flux (Jp) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) rejection, and minimizing the cumulative flux decline (SFD) using Taguchi method and utility concept for a cross-flow UF in pilot scale, used to remove DCS from a paper mill treated effluent (PMTE), ii) flux decline and fouling mechanisms of UF membranes fouled with PMTE were examined by theoretical modelling. The results from UF tests were expressed in terms of permeate flux (Jp) as a function of time to check modified Hermia's models adapted to crossflow filtration and cake formation in constant-pressure filtration, and iii) describes the Identification, characterization and possible origins of UF membrane foulants. Techniques such as chemical analysis, FESEM, SEM-EDS, ATR-FTIR and 3DEEM analysis were applied to understand which fraction of the foulants caused the fouling. This research found that the TMP and MWCO have the greatest contribution to the average permeate flux and SFD. In the case of the COD rejection rate, the results showed that MWCO has the highest contribution followed by CFV. The optimum conditions were found to be the second level of TMP (2.0 bar), the third level of the CFV (1.041 m/s), the second level of the temperature (15°C), and the third level of MWCO (100 kDa). Under these optimum conditions Jp, COD rejection and SFD resistance of 81.15 L/m2/h, 43.90% and 6.01 (around 28.96 % of (FD), respectively, were obtained and they were within of the predicted range at the 95% confidence interval. Furthermore, the results showed that the predictions of the modified Hermia's models adapted to cross-flow UF had good agreements with experimental data, under different conditions tested for PMTE. Therefore, it can be concluded that for all cases the best fit (higher accuracy) to the experimental data corresponds to the complete (coefficient of determination R2 >0.97) and intermediate (R2 >0.96) blocking, followed by the cake layer formation (R2 >0.94). Moreover, measurements of particle size distribution and zeta potential near the isoelectric point, showed a substantial reduction in colloidal compounds. The 3DEEM analysis revealed that the majority of the organic foulants with fluorescence characteristics on the fouled membranes were colloidal proteins (protein-like substances I+II) and macromolecular proteins (SMP-like substances). Further, polysaccharide (cellulosic specie), fatty and resin acid substances were identified on the fouled membrane by the ATR-FTIR analysis and they play an important role in membrane fouling. In addition, the membrane SEM-EDS analysis showed accumulate and adsorbed onto the membrane surfaces of inorganic foulants, such as multivalent metal ions and especially Ca2+ (acts as a binding agent) that could accelerate cake layer formation on the membrane.
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- 2020
40. Optimization of a Microbial Formulation Acclimated for Pilot-Scale Biodegradation of Paper Mill Effluent.
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Ordaz-Díaz, Luis A., Valle-Cervantes, Sergio, Rojas-Contreras, Juan A., Rodríguez-Flores, Felipa de J., and Bailón-Salas, Ana María
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- *
PAPER mills , *LAGOONS , *WOOD-pulp , *AERATED water flow , *AERATED package treatment systems , *BIODEGRADATION of sewage sludge , *MICROBIOLOGY - Abstract
A pilot-scale aerated lagoon was used for the aerobic treatment of pulp and paper mill effluent from September 1 to December 1, 2014. The aerated lagoon was installed at the chemistry laboratory in the Chemical Engineering Department at the Durango Institute of Technology and was fed with real pulp and paper mill effluent. The experimental work was run under various operating conditions. The operating parameters (total and volatile suspended solids (VSS) and dissolved oxygen concentration (DO)) and environmental variables (temperature, pH, COD, and BOD5 of influent water) were monitored daily. In all the experiments conducted, the aerated lagoon generated an effluent of optimal quality complying with the requirements of SEMARNAT (2003) and CONAGUA (2003). A model that explains the behavior of the system under realistic operating conditions was obtained. The model indicated an optimal DO of approximately 4 mg/L for concentrations up to 1000 mg/L, showing variations in concentrations above this value. This data indicate that the flexibility of the bacterial formulation and its ability to adapt to environmental changes play an important role in the stability of an aerated lagoon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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41. A simulation-based performance evaluation model for decision support on drone location and delivery scheduling
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Ghelichi, Zabih, Gentili, Monica, and Mirchandani, Pitu
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- 2024
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42. Final technical report: Commercialization of the Biofine technology for levulinic acid production from paper sludge
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Fitzpatrick, Stephen
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- 2002
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43. Beyond influence: Contextualization and optimization for new narrative techniques and story-formats. Perspective paper
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Petrovic, Milica, Liedgren, Johan, and Gaggioli, Andrea
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digital narratives ,storytelling ,Communication ,informal care ,optimization ,contextualization ,ethical principles for digital health ,Settore M-PSI/01 - PSICOLOGIA GENERALE ,ethics ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
In a society where advances and innovations occur on a daily basis, outreach and meaningful engagement with the general public become more challenging. The amount of information produced and repackaged surpasses existing systems in place to ensure truthful and factual engagement with the public, especially with complex matters regarding health science. This perspective paper discusses the value of contextualization and optimization for creating transparent and engaging content. We reflect on the innovative Transformative Storytelling Technique as a new category for creating hybrid content to guide the experience of audiences, starting with the case of informal caregivers helping individuals living with neurological conditions. Moreover, we share our perspective on the important considerations for the current and future development of highly targeted content using this technique. We include reflections on the risks and ethical principles needed in the utilization and dissemination of “guided” content for the general public.
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- 2022
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44. Lot sizing and scheduling on parallel production lines with product families in the paper industry
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Nascimento, Paulo Jorge Rodrigues and Moniz, Samuel de Oliveira
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Optimization ,Parallel machines ,Paper industry ,Indústria de papel ,Máquinas em paralelo ,Otimização ,Simultaneous lot sizing and scheduling ,Dimensionamento e sequenciamento de lotes ,MILP - Abstract
Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia O objetivo deste trabalho surge da necessidade de otimizar o dimensionamento e sequenciamento de lotes em linhas de produção paralelas, com tempos de mudança entre famílias diferentes dependentes da sequência de produção, e tempos de mudança independentes da sequência de produção para produtos dentro da mesma família, numa fábrica da indústria de papel, onde são produzidos diversos de papel do tipo tissue. Para tal, e após uma extensa revisão do estado da arte, foi utilizado um modelo eficiente de programação linear inteira mista. O modelo proposto integra três abordagens de modelação diferentes. Uma abordagem discreta é utilizada para o cálculo dos custos de inventário e de backlog. Para o sequenciamento da produção das famílias, é utilizada uma abordagem de tempo contínuo com variáveis de precedência, e o escalonamento dos produtos é feito através de restrições de capacidade e de dimensionamento de lotes.O modelo desenvolvido foi implementado num solver comercial de modo a testar a sua eficiência num problema de dimensão real, e através de dados fornecidos pela empresa foi possível avaliar diversos cenários de operação. Os resultados principais sugerem que quando o sistema não está em sobrecarga, o modelo tende a atingir a solução ótima em tempo computacional muito competitivo, quer no planeamento a curto prazo, quer a médio prazo. Contudo, quando ocorre sobrecarga e havendo possibilidade de não cumprir com as datas de entrega, a qualidade das soluções a médio prazo pode ficar comprometida. É ainda possível concluir que o modelo tende a fornecer melhores soluções do que as atualmente obtidas pela empresa. Desta forma, conclui-se que o modelo formulado tem potencial para ser aplicado em ambientes industriais, no entanto, é importante realçar que compromisso entre o detalhe do modelo e a eficiência computacional terá sempre de ser considerado, por forma a assegurar a automatização eficiente do processo de tomada de decisão. The goal of this dissertation is to optimize the lot sizing and scheduling decisions in parallel production lines, with changeover times between different families depending on the production sequence, and setup times independent of the production sequence for products belonging to the same family, in a factory from the paper industry, where sub products from tissue paper are made.To accomplish this objective, and after an extensive review of the state of the art, an efficient mixed integer linear programming model was used. The proposed model integrates three different modeling approaches. A discrete approach is used for the inventory and backlog cost calculation. For scheduling the families, a continuous-time approach with immediate precedence variables is used, and for scheduling of products, lot sizing capacity constraints are applied.The developed model was implemented in a commercial solver in order to test its efficiency in a real dimension problem. Through data provided by the company, different operation scenarios were evaluated. The main results suggest that when the system is not overloaded, the model tends to reach the optimal solution in very competitive computational time, whether it is short or medium-term planning. However, when an overload occurs, and there is a possibility of not meeting due dates, the quality of the solution in the medium term may be compromised. It is also possible to conclude that the model tends to provide better solutions than the ones currently generated by the company. Thus, it is concluded that the formulated model has the potential to be applied in industrial environments. However, it is important to highlight that the compromise between the detail of the model and computational efficiency must be always considered, in order to guarantee an efficient automatization of the decision-making process.
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- 2020
45. Significance of hybrid central composite design for remediation of paper mill wastewater through electrocoagulation
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Pandey, N. and Chandrakant Thakur
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response surface methodology ,aluminum electrode ,paper mill wastewater ,optimization ,Hybrid central composite design - Abstract
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur-492 010, Chhattisgarh, India E-mail: cthakur.che@nitrr.ac.in Manuscript received online 20 April 2020, accepted 12 June 2020 In the present study, hybrid central composite design (HCCD) was chosen to optimize four variables based remediation of paper mill wastewater by using electrocoagulation (EC). Response surface methodology incorporates with HCCD designs are rarely used by researchers for optimization of paper mill wastewater remediation. pH, electrode distance, conductivity and current density are operating variables which were selected for optimization over response parameters like COD, color and TDS. EC experiments were performed in 1.5 L capacity reactor with four aluminum electrodes connected to DC power supply. 35 min of electrolysis time for remediation of paper mill wastewater was determined by performing EC experiments with respect to time. Quadratic model was suggested by HCCD design for 20 sets of experimental runs. The signification of this design was measured in terms of regression analysis and t-test. For all response variables regression coefficient and p-value are > 0.80 and < 0.05 respectively. Desirable solution for optimization is obtained at pH = 7.11, electrode distance = 1.98 cm, conductivity = 7.07 mS/cm and current density = 13.76 mA/cm2. Reduction in COD, color and TDS were 80.89%, 93.37%, and 87.54% respectively.
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- 2020
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46. Operating Conditions Optimization via the Taguchi Method to Remove Colloidal Substances from Recycled Paper and Cardboard Production Wastewater
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A. Santafé-Moros, Jaime Lora-García, Maria-Fernanda López-Pérez, José M. Gozálvez-Zafrilla, and Mayko Rannany S. Sousa
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Optimization ,Materials science ,Ultrafiltration ,Filtration and Separation ,02 engineering and technology ,lcsh:Chemical technology ,Article ,INGENIERIA QUIMICA ,Taguchi methods ,Paper mill treated effluent ,020401 chemical engineering ,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous) ,lcsh:TP1-1185 ,0204 chemical engineering ,Turbidity ,lcsh:Chemical engineering ,Fouling ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,Chemical oxygen demand ,Membrane fouling ,lcsh:TP155-156 ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Rejection rate ,Pulp and paper industry ,12.- Garantizar las pautas de consumo y de producción sostenibles ,DoE ,Taguchi method ,Particle size ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Optimization of the ultrafiltration (UF) process to remove colloidal substances from a paper mill&rsquo, s treated effluent was investigated in this study. The effects of four operating parameters in a UF system (transmembrane pressure (TMP), cross-flow velocity (CFV), temperature and molecular weight cut-off (MWCO)) on the average permeate flux (Jv), organic matter chemical oxygen demand (COD) rejection rate and the cumulative flux decline (SFD), was investigated by robust experimental design using the Taguchi method. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for an L9 orthogonal array were used to determine the significance of the individual factors, that is to say, to determine which factor has more and which less influence over the UF response variables. Analysis of the percentage contribution (P%) indicated that the TMP and MWCO have the greatest contribution to the average permeate flux and SFD. In the case of the COD rejection rate, the results showed that MWCO has the highest contribution followed by CFV. The Taguchi method and the utility concept were employed to optimize the multiple response variables. The optimal conditions were found to be 2.0 bar of transmembrane pressure, 1.041 m/s of the cross-flow velocity, 15 °, C of the temperature, and 100 kDa MWCO. The validation experiments under the optimal conditions achieved Jv, COD rejection rate and SFD results of 81.15 L·, m&minus, 2·, h&minus, 1, 43.90% and 6.01, respectively. Additionally, SST and turbidity decreased by about 99% and 99.5%, respectively, and reduction in particle size from around 458&ndash, 1281 nm to 12.71&ndash, 24.36 nm was achieved. The field-emission scanning electron microscopy images under optimal conditions showed that membrane fouling takes place at the highest rate in the first 30 min of UF. The results demonstrate the validity of the approach of using the Taguchi method and utility concept to obtain the optimal membrane conditions for the wastewater treatment using a reduced number of experiments.
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- 2020
47. Performance Technolgies for Peta-Scale Systems: A White Paper Prepared by the Performance Evaluation Research Center
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Worley, P
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- 2003
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48. Concept Paper for Real-Time Temperature and Water QualityManagement for San Joaquin River Riparian Habitat Restoration
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Quinn, Nigel
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- 2004
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49. Position paper - progress towards standards in integrated (aerobic) MBR modelling
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Marc Heran, C. Brepols, Jérôme Harmand, María Victoria Ruano, Joaquim Comas, Ignasi Rodríguez-Roda, Ángel Robles, Giorgio Mannina, Ilse Smets, Brepols C., Comas J., Harmand J., Heran M., Robles A., Rodriguez-Roda I., Ruano M.V., Smets I., Mannina G., Erftverband, Universitat de Girona [Girona], Universitat de Girona (UdG), Instituto Catalán de Investigación del Agua - ICRA (SPAIN) (ICRA), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Européen des membranes (IEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Universitat de València (UV), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, and Task Group on Membrane Bioreactor Modelling and Control of the International Water Association (IWA)
- Subjects
Technology ,Environmental Engineering ,Computer science ,PROCESS SIMULATION ,PRESSURE SET-POINT ,Reactors de membrana ,Environmental Sciences & Ecology ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Membrane bioreactor ,Membranes (Technology) ,01 natural sciences ,SUBMERGED MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR ,Engineering ,Bioreactors ,Membrane reactors ,CONTROL-SYSTEM ,terminology ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,DEPOSITION ,OPTIMIZATION ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology ,Science & Technology ,CAKE LAYER FORMATION ,Settore ICAR/03 - Ingegneria Sanitaria-Ambientale ,COMPUTATIONAL FLUID-DYNAMICS ,MBR modelling ,Membrane fouling ,Integrated model ,Membranes (Tecnologia) ,Engineering, Environmental ,System optimization ,Membranes, Artificial ,Models, Theoretical ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Terminology ,6. Clean water ,Standardized terminology ,Physical Sciences ,FILTRATION ,Water Resources ,Position paper ,Biochemical engineering ,integrated model ,SENSITIVITY ,0210 nano-technology ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Environmental Sciences - Abstract
Membrane bioreactor (MBR) models are useful tools for both design and management. The system complexity is high due to the involved number of processes which can be clustered in biological and physical ones. Literature studies are present and need to be harmonized in order to gain insights from the different studies and allow system optimization by applying a control. This position paper aims at defining the current state of the art of the main integrated MBR models reported in the literature. On the basis of a modelling review, a standardized terminology is proposed to facilitate the further development and comparison of integrated membrane fouling models for aerobic MBRs. ispartof: WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY vol:81 issue:1 pages:1-9 ispartof: location:England status: published
- Published
- 2020
50. Cogeneration Process Modelling in a Paper Factory.
- Author
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Delgado, Marta Serrano, Bernad, Esteban Calvo, and Palacín, J. Ignacio García
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PAPER industry ,SIMULATION methods & models ,ENERGY consumption ,ELECTRIC power plants ,ELECTRIC rates ,THERMAL efficiency - Abstract
Abstract: The aim of the study is to model and to simulate the thermal and electrical efficiencies of the cogeneration plant of a paper mill. The final purpose is the benefits optimization by adjusting production to the amount of energy to be sold. It is necessary to know it because the sale price goes down when the actual production of electrical energy does not match the scheduled power. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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