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Abstract In this paper, we attempted to investigate the relationship between consumption, demand for imports of fine paper and economic growth using annual time series data in the period of 1984 to 2010. Since the time series are non-stationary (Unit root) and can lead to spurious regression, the stationary of the variables are investigated in its logarithmic form using Augmented Dickey Fuller test (ADF) in two type of intercept without trend and intercept with trend. After applying the unit root test, in order to understand the interaction between economic growth and consumption and imports of fine papers and direction the causal relation, the vector auto regressive (VAR) approach including two models and the causality test of granger are used.The results indicate that GDP growth will increase the consumption of writing and printing papers but this relation is one-sided. On the other hand, there is no causality between changes in GDP and imports of printing and writing paper, and vice versa. Also, there is the one-side causality between GDP and consumption of newsprint. In the case ofThe Granger causality between economic growth and imports of newsprint, due to reject the null hypothesis, there was no relationship found, and vice versa

This paper examines the relationship between disordered eating and class identity in Paper Daughter: the memoir of Elaine Mar, a Chinese-American woman who emigrated with her family from the Toishan region of mainland China in 1972 to a working-class neighborhood in Denver, Colorado. Mar explores the relationship between bodily “excess,” as sociologist Beverly Skeggs describes, and class identity in Paper Daughter. A close examination of Mar’s disordered eating shows readers how her ED stems from a class inferiority complex.[i] Gendered as female, and classed as inferior due to her immigrant status and working-class background, classifies Mar as the “other.” Mar utilizes her ED because she believes it will shed off her “excess” of Skeggs’s “disgust”; that is, her low-class upbringing. In other words, disordered eating is a way for Mar to achieve the American dream: the upper-class American woman. This upper-class woman wears idolized brand-name lines that symbolize the American ideal (e.g. Izod shirts) but more importantly, this woman is afforded the opportunity to ponder and explore the world of American dieting.

Total and per capita consumption of fluting paper was calculated using data and information from production, import and export for last decades. Then based on the fact that consumption of paper and paper products is a function of both per capita consumption and population of any country, regression analysis was used to predict per capita consumption for the period of 1994-2003, total consumption for the period of 2006-2011 as well as the year 2021. Finally based on the calculated consumption of different papers and considering the present and future capacities for paper production, the shortage of paper was derived. Results showed that the fluting paper consumption for the year 2021, will reach 290000 tons which causes 200,000 tons of shortage per year. This shortage will require that almost 70% consumption need to be fulfilled by import.

In this review paper efforts are made to present the Impact of COVID-19 on various economic activities like production, consumption and distribution. This is known to everyone that COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease) spreadout in December 2019 from Wuhan in China and effected a lot of countries resulting in death of many. Therefore, to minimise the risk, many countries opted lockdown as a precaution to control its spread which effected the lives of ordinary people as well as the economy as a whole, GDP, Functions of Economy and a lot of activities were effected very badly. It had a huge impact on the consumption pattern of population as well as supply chains and production of various goods and services were also impacted as transportation was at halt and movement of people, products, services etc. was not possible from one place to another. There was a heavy down in employment, production, distribution and other activities as well. Hence, this paper will help the readers know the collective impact along with the sector wise effect of COVID-19 on various economic activities. For better understanding we have taken three major economic activities that is Production, Consumption and distribution. Along with these the basic introduction of COVID-19, lockdown and its impact on economy is stated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to make a comparison between the national situation and the realities related to the consumption of milk and dairy products at global and community level. For this purpose, total consumption and consumption per capita at the general level of the product group, for milk, butter and cream respectively, were used as indicators. At national level, total consumption reached 4,935 thousand t (average of the period 2017-2019), of which milk held 4,905.67 thousand t, butter 23.67 thousand t and cream 5.67 thousand t. Worldwide, Romania accounted for an average of 0.58% of total milk and dairy consumption, 0.59% of milk consumption, 0.21% for butter consumption and 0.16% in case of cream consumption. Related to the Community context, Romania held shares of about 3.30% regarding the total consumption of milk and dairy products, 3.38% for milk consumption, 1.37% for butter consumption and 0.24% for cream. If we refer to the situation of consumption per capita, there are averages of the indicator, as follows: 233.54 kg - total consumption, 232.04 kg - milk consumption, 1.20 kg for butter and 0.30 kg for cream. Reported worldwide, Romania exceeded 3.23 times the total consumption of milk and dairy products and 3.29 times the consumption of milk and in case of butter and cream only 82.19 and 66.67% beside the global level of the indicator were achieved. unlike European Union, Romania exceeded consumption at the general level of the product group and for milk, but for butter and cream the situation was unfavorable (about 1/3 of the Community consumption for butter and only 6.05% for cream). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides interim results of my PhD dissertation. The research hypothesis is "Firms increase and decrease employment in response to changes in expected demand." The paper seeks to answer the question "What are the determinants of changes in aggregate employment in the United States of America (U.S.)?" This is an important research topic because significant increases in unemployment can have a profound effect on an entire society, not just on its unemployed workers. When employment declines, public health declines, crime increases, suicides increase, and public revenues decrease. The paper uses quarterly data from 1948-2021 to estimate the effect of important macroeconomic variables on aggregate employment. The macroeconomic variables include personal consumption expenditures, U.S. federal government expenditures, nominal GNP, international trade (imports plus exports), M3 money stock, the minimum wage level, non-residential fixed investment, nonmanufacturing employment, and U.S. federal tax receipts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The migration process is becoming more and more intensive in the European region. Various opinions have been expressed about the effects of immigration on the country's economy. Most of these opinions reveal a positive impact via fulfilling deficits in the labour market and tax payments. On the other hand, a negative long-term effect on the social security system because of the poor integration of immigrants into the domestic population can be seen as a thread in this discussion. This paper analyses the impact of immigration, based on the United Nations National Transfer Accounts methodology developed by Lee and Mason. This methodology is employed to break down the System of National Accounts with respect to age groups and generations and, in addition, show the economic flows between them. The findings of this paper show that the earnings and consumption behaviour of immigrants and natives in Slovakia differ; immigrants tend to work after retirement age, earn more, and consume less, which results in positive effects on the aggregate life cycle deficit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]