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With the popularity of mobile services, an effective context-aware mobile service adaptation is becoming more and more important for operators. In this paper, we propose a Co-evolution eXtended Classifier System (CXCS) to perform context-aware mobile service adaptation. Our key idea is to learn user context, match adaptation rule, and provide the best suitable mobile services for users. Different from previous adaptation schemes, our proposed CXCS can produce a new user's initial classifier population to quicken its converging speed. Moreover, it can make the current user to predict which service should be selected, corresponding to an uncovered context. We compare CXCS based on a common mobile service adaptation scenario with other five adaptation schemes. The results show the adaptation accuracy of CXCS is higher than 70% on average, and outperforms other schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overwhelming majority of the more than 10 million Uyghur - Turkic Muslims who inhabit Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in northwest China - speaks the Uyghur language. Currently, Uyghur is written with the help of a modified Arabic script, just as it was in Xinjiang before the 1920s. Yet the majority of the twentieth century abounded in linguistic experiments and frequent switches between Cyrillic-, Latin-and Arabic-based alphabets. This paper focuses on changes made to written Uyghur following the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949. It also discusses the current prospects of Uyghur script in Xinjiang in light of three significant developments: The government's plan to broadly introduce "bilingual education" (shuangyu jiaoyu) for the Uyghur; the growing emphasis on the use of standard Chinese in Xinjiang's public space and in official communication; and the growing use of Latin-based transliterations in Internet and mobile-phone communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The boom of Internet technology gives a boost to the informatization of education in China. Internet resources serve as a new carrier of knowledge, offering teachers and students an alternative to books. However, the exponential growth of Internet resources has greatly complicated the storage and allocation of resources. This paper attempts to fully utilize English teaching resources through effective resource management and allocation. Specifically, the features of English teaching resources were analyzed, and then the term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) weight method and k-nearest neighbor (kNN) algorithm were improved to make resource allocation more efficient and effective. The improved methods were then verified through a case analysis. The results show that the improved kNN provides a feasible way to allocate English teaching resources. The research findings provide reference to the storage and allocation of teaching resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper presents the techniques of GIS and applies it into the management of the information system of Taihu Lake Basin, providing a new managing pattern for the Taihu Lake Basin. Through the construction of the integrated management information system of Taihu Lake Basin water among different departments of information sharing resources, it effectively use resource information scattered in various sectors and improves the data and useful information value. The paper illustrates the architecture and function module of the system and describes the main techniques in its realization. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper analyzes the learning status of public English network course learning of university students and then builds the "ecological system of public English network course learning" in accordance with the educational ecology theory to sort out various factors influencing the leaning effect and the relations among these factors, finally leading to positive solutions and suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we established a mathematical model for national fitness in China. Based on a questionnaire and data of the General Administration of Sport of China and the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the dynamics for three classes of people are expressed by a system of three-dimensional ordinary equations. Model parameters are estimated fromthe data. This study indicated that national fitness put out by the Chinese government is reasonable. By finding the key parameter, the best measure to promote national fitness is put forward. In order to increase the number of people who frequently participate in sport exercise in a short period of time, if only one measure can be chosen, guiding people who never take part in physical exercise will be the bestmeasure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We perform a large-scale topology mapping and geolocation study for China's Internet. To overcome the limited number of Chinese PlanetLab nodes and looking glass servers, we leverage unique features in China's Internet, including the hierarchical structure of the major ISPs and the abundance of IDC data centers. Using only 15 vantage points, we design a traceroute scheme that finds significantly more interfaces and links than iPlane with significantly fewer traceroute probes. We then consider the problem of geolocating router interfaces and end hosts in China. When examining three well-known Chinese geoIP databases, we observe frequent occurrences of null replies and erroneous entries, suggesting that there is significant room for improvement. We develop a heuristic for clustering the interface topology of a hierarchical ISP, and then apply the heuristic to the major Chinese ISPs. We show that the clustering heuristic can geolocate router interfaces with significantly more detail and consistency than can the existing geoIP databases in isolation. We show that the resulting clusters expose several characteristics of the Chinese Internet, including the major ISPs' provincial structure and the centralized interconnections among the ISPs. Finally, using the clustering heuristic, we propose a methodology for improving commercial geoIP databases and evaluate using IDC data center landmarks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the empirical implementation and the estimation methodology to assess the role of trade in determining export quality. It states that the demand function has been estimated by using European Commission's COMEXT database which contains statistics regarding European foreign trade. It states that the aim of the method was to assess the relationship between Chinese export quality and global production networks.

Abstract: The prevalence of well-equipped multi-media classrooms in most Chinese universities has developed a new trend for college English teaching (CET): integrating Internet resources into actual classroom activities. Traditional CET curriculum was designed to teach one or two of the listening, speaking, reading or writing skills at a time. But the Internet-assisted CET has allowed the possibility for English language learners to acquire all 4 skills simultaneously: “integrated skills”. To conduct an Internet-assisted CET class is now part of the role of college English teachers. In this paper, the authors intend to explore the extent to which easy access to the Internet, and more exposure to Internet resources will facilitate the development of integrated language skills and enhance the learning capacities of English language learners. Providing typical activities tailored to integrate Internet resources into college English classroom, the authors share their most effective methods with their counterparts all over the world. They also present the challenges college English teachers encountered and problems yet to be solved. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper argues that acknowledging individual victims had been a crucial problem in writing the history of the Cultural Revolution and represents the major division between the official history and the parallel history. The author discusses the victims in the history of the Cultural Revolution from factual, interpretational and methodological aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Harmful algal blooms, which are considered a serious environmental problem nowadays, occur in coastal waters in many parts of the world. They cause acute ecological damage and ensuing economic losses, due to fish kills and shellfish poisoning as well as public health threats posed by toxic blooms. Recently, data-driven models including machine-learning (ML) techniques have been employed to mimic dynamics of algal blooms. One of the most important steps in the application of a ML technique is the selection of significant model input variables. In the present paper, we use two extensively used ML techniques, artificial neural networks (ANN) and genetic programming (GP) for selecting the significant input variables. The efficacy of these techniques is first demonstrated on a test problem with known dependence and then they are applied to a real-world case study of water quality data from Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong. These ML techniques overcome some of the limitations of the currently used techniques for input variable selection, a review of which is also presented. The interpretation of the weights of the trained ANN and the GP evolved equations demonstrate their ability to identify the ecologically significant variables precisely. The significant variables suggested by the ML techniques also indicate chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) itself to be the most significant input in predicting the algal blooms, suggesting an auto-regressive nature or persistence in the algal bloom dynamics, which may be related to the long flushing time in the semi-enclosed coastal waters. The study also confirms the previous understanding that the algal blooms in coastal waters of Hong Kong often occur with a life cycle of the order of 1–2 weeks. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The spatial distribution of urban geographical events is largely constrained by the road network, and research on spatial clusters of fire accidents at the city level plays a crucial role in emergency rescue and urban planning. For example, by knowing where and when fire accidents usually occur, fire enforcement can conduct more efficient aid measures and planning department can work out more reasonable layout optimization of fire stations. This article proposed an integrated method by combining weighted network-constrained kernel density estimation (NKDE) and network-constrained local Moran's I (ILINCS) to detect spatial cluster pattern and identify higher-risk locations of fire accidents. The proposed NKDE-ILINCS weighted a set of crucial non-spatial attributes of point events and links, and considered the impact factors of road traffic states, intersection roads and fire severity in NKDE to reflect real urban environment. This method was tested using the fire data in 2015 in Nanjing, China. The results demonstrated that the method was appropriate to detect network-constrained fire cluster patterns and identify high-high road segments. Besides, the first 14 higher-risk road segments in Nanjing are listed. These findings of this case study enhance our knowledge to more accurately observe where fire accidents usually occur and provide a reference for fire departments to improve emergency rescue effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nongovernmental organization ( NGO) hyperlink networks are institutionalized connective public goods. They influence which actors and what aspects of social issues are made visible to the public in search engine results. To understand how contextual forces and institutional pressures influence who hyperlinks to whom online, this research examines a hyperlink network of 410 NGOs with various social missions operating across China. It suggests that institutional factors external to the network impact the structure of NGO hyperlink networks. In particular, institutional convener and legal registration status induce homophily hyperlinking effects among organizations, controlling for network interdependencies and other organizational attributes. Implications for hyperlink networks, institutional homophily, NGO collective action, and the development of civil society in China are drawn from the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of Internet activism and Internet control in China is one of mutual adaptation between citizen activists and party authorities. The party-state initially reacted to Internet activism with alarm, but has since built a comprehensive approach combining repressive policing with gentler methods of social management. This approach has evolved in response to the diverse forms of and participants in Internet activism. But the adaptability of the Chinese Internet control regime does not mean that it will root out Internet activism. On the contrary, Internet activism will continue to grow and will itself adapt to the changing forms of control. Comparisons with Russia and the United States highlight how political economy, history, and everyday practice shape the forms of Internet activism and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop digital publishing, is an important part for China’s progress into an informed country, and the new designated direction for the development of publishing industry in China. This article introduces the macro-planning for developing digital publishing in China, the present status and problems of this industry, as well as personal viewpoints on how to develop a digital publishing industry in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews the resources portal of the History of Western Medicine in China project by the Indiana University–Purdue University, Indianapolis (IUPUI) located at http://ulib.iupui.edu/wmicproject/.