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Copyright of Arboriculture & Urban Forestry is the property of International Society of Arboriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The author comments on historian Bryan Palmer's paper about the history of Canada. Topics include the author's view on Palmer's intervention in his paper about the intersections and alliances between the struggle for national liberation and working-class emancipation, his provision of clarity for social change action that made his work critical, the intertwine of the history of colonialism and capitalism in Canada in the work, and comments on the four periods of Palmer's Canadian history.

Basal gravel and sand mantling the bedrock floors of buried valleys throughout the Canadian Interior Plains, and conformably overlying proglacial lacustrine sediment, comprise the Empress Group. While previously conceptualized as stratigraphically equivalent deposits of preglacial rivers prior to the first and most extensive continental and montane glaciations, subsequent stratigraphic studies indicated that buried valley basal gravel must have been deposited between, or during, progressively more extensive continental glaciations and could not be stratigraphically equivalent throughout the buried valley network. However, in the general absence of formation-rank stratigraphic description of basal gravel units that might better inform the geologic history of the deposits, most workers simply consider Empress Group sediments time-transgressive. In this paper, we examine basal gravel at provincial and regional scales to understand its genesis and geologic history. At the provincial scale, we map basal gravel in three dimensions using a novel machine learning approach. At the regional scale, we formally define basal gravel formations at either end of the largest buried valley system in Alberta, which informs its glacial history and physiographic development and shows the importance of formation-rank stratigraphic description. Our results indicate that the buried valley network across Alberta is palimpsest in genesis and basal gravel units within it are chronostratigraphically intercalated between tills. We advocate that the Empress Group definition be extended across Alberta with modifications to improve its clarity and utility, and formally define the Old Fort, Unchaga, Ipiatik, and Winefred formations as part of the Empress Group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The common assumption is that translation helps to share ideas and build bridges between societies, cultures and languages. Nevertheless, in Canadian history translation has been a tool of colonial domination and oppression of indigenous communities as well as francophone minorities scattered across Canada after 1763. In view of the above, this paper aims to show from a translational point of view the attempts to redress decades of persecution and assimilation that are currently taking place, particularly in light of the findings and recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission released in June 2015. The analysis covers a unique context, involving the translation of works of Indigenous Literature into a minority language such as French in Canada. After presenting current trends in this area, the paper will discuss an autobiographical novel Halfbreed by Metis author Maria Campbell, which appeared in French translation in 2021 almost half a century after the original was published. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a compilation of sources that discuss the issue of sexual misconduct in the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF). It includes academic papers, news articles, and government reports that provide information on the prevalence of sexual assault and harassment within the military. The sources cover various topics, including the experiences of women in the military, the response of the military's legal system to sexual assault, and efforts to address and prevent sexual misconduct. This document offers diverse perspectives on the issue and can be a useful resource for library patrons conducting research on this topic. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

At the "Challenging Labour" / «Le défi du travail» conference held at Mount Royal University in Calgary, Alberta, in October 2022, two plenary sessions invited scholars to engage in a dialogue on important historical and theoretical issues in the field of labour and working-class history/studies. One of these, on the entanglement of capitalism and colonialism, featured a paper delivered by Bryan D. Palmer and a response from hagwil hayetsk (Charles Menzies). These presentations are revised for publication here along with a rejoinder from Palmer in what is Labour/Le Travail's first "Forum" section. The aim of this section is to foster conversation, with scholars meaningfully engaging with each other's work across disciplinary, methodological, theoretical, or other kinds of differences in approach and understanding. The merit of this kind of dialogue is well demonstrated here by Palmer and hayetsk, and the editors would invite more such conversations for publication in this section in future issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal on Developmental Disabilities is the property of Ontario Association on Developmental Disabilities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An increasing number of migration scholars have been critical of the narrative of Canada's successful immigration history, because of its neglect of colonial and discriminatory practices against Indigenous peoples and racialized minorities. This paper seeks to engage critically with this scholarship by insisting on the distinct places Indigenous peoples have in Canada's immigration history and migration narratives. By comparing various administrative programs and policies on immigration, the paper identifies the continuous marginalization and invisibility of Indigenous peoples over time. A closer look at the contemporary employment conditions of both groups highlights the administrative process of making Indigenous peoples invisible and disconnected from the wage economy, unlike migrants who are explicitly constructed as connected to it. The paper concludes with a call for further critical migration scholarship, with the examination of the history of Indigenous-settler-immigrant entanglements over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Neo-liberalism can mean different things from different perspectives. Social scientists tend to use the concept to identify and critique trends of privatization, marketization, commodification and enclosures, and their associated slew of exclusionary, dispossessive, and regressive effects. Counterintuitively, governmentality analyses identify how practices of collaboration, inclusion, participation, and empowerment—practices sometimes cited as means to resist and generate alternatives to neo-liberalism—are not only consistent with neo-liberal governing but also central to its functioning. This paper engages a biopolitics and governmentality analytical perspective to examine different kinds of fisheries policies in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), Canada, where the historic cod collapse created a laboratory for examining social-ecological effects of capitalist overexploitation, resource mismanagement, and knowledge system blind spots. The case is useful because it includes, on the one hand, practices traditionally seen as reinforcing neo-liberal governance, such as property making, resource management access rationalization, and global eco-labels, and, on the other hand, practices where linkages to neo-liberalism require more critical assessment, such as fisher-influenced professionalization policies, license collaboration/consolidation initiatives, and producer-oriented eco-labels. Drawing on a governmentality perspective, this paper examines how governance change in NL fisheries is driven not by a single regulatory logic but, rather, by diverse "technologies of government" and "technologies of agency." Diverse technologies of agency, with varying degrees of links to neo-liberalism, facilitate "creeping" enclosures and openings for fish harvesters in NL fisheries. The paper finds that multi-faceted social protection and coastal community-oriented rationalities of fisher groups are key explanatory variables in shaping practices for and against neo-liberal governance, suggesting that the relationship of diverse neo-liberal, moral economy and hybrid governmentalities to lived experiences requires more empirical and theoretical attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The increasing uptake of performance auditing (PA), which entails both the facilitation and the control of government policies, has seriously challenged state auditors' claims that they are apolitical. This article aims to understand how supreme audit institutions (SAIs) operate to maintain and nurture the political neutrality and legitimacy of their PA. Design/methodology/approach: The authors draw on Suchman's typology on legitimacy (1995) to analyze the PA reports of two countries with a long history of both performance auditing and accusations of political interference, namely Canada and Denmark. Documentary analysis and interview methods are employed. Findings: This study shows how the two SAIs have been pursuing pragmatic, moral and cognitive legitimacy through the professionalization and standardization of both the form and the content of their PA reports. Engaging and maintaining the dialogue with the audited administration, triangulating recognized social science methods, and emphasizing the "public interest" basis of PA reflect some of the tools adopted to navigate the "grey zone" between objective, relevant and politically sensitive audits. Research limitations/implications: The paper's explorative approach limits the possibility for robust testing of the causal forces impinging on SAIs' choices of legitimation strategies. Nevertheless, variations between the Canadian and Danish SAIs in the strategic use of some legitimacy tools such as the media suggest a difference in the role of Public Accounts Committee in the two countries that can be investigated in future research. Originality/value: Much research exists questioning the political neutrality of PA, yet there has not been much discussion on how SAIs have been able to develop and preserve the prevalent legitimacy of their PA amid the criticism. More specifically, our research reveals the tendency of both the Canadian and Danish SAIs to strategically underline the "public interest" dimension of their performance audits in an attempt to increase both their legitimacy and political neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite its beginning in the 1850's and being first in Canada to purchase a tile drainage trencher, subsurface drainage of agricultural lands in Quebec is poorly documented, which the present paper will try to document from 1850 to 1970. In Quebec, Catholic priests and monks played an important role in educating rural communities by establishing French agricultural schools throughout the province. For the English rural communities, Macdonald College (Macdonald Campus of McGill University) played a major role especially in preparing plans, besides promoting the technology. The Quebec Ministry of Agriculture encouraged subsurface drainage early in 1912 but would prefer investing in land clearing and watercourse deepening to establish more farms, from the employment needs created by WWI, the great 1930 depression and WWII. This work mostly completed in the early 1960's, the Quebec Government would then initiate a major subsurface drainage program, allowing private enterprises to take over shortly after 1967. Although the Ministry changed names several times even after 1967, the term 'Ministry of Agriculture' will be used throughout this article. To compare trencher performance, a 15 m average spacing is presumed. This paper is limited to the main events and persons involved, without being able to cover them all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Historiae Scientiarum is the property of Jagiellonian University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This municipality invested in an innovative and timely multi-community collaboration for broadband internet services delivery, involving some four municipalities and five First Nations - a collaborative approach celebrated in the annals of rural development (e.g., Beattie & Annis, [4]; Korsching et al., [43]), and currently being rearticulated in so-called New Regionalism (Daniels et al., [15]). And if the senior government subscribes to moving its constitutionally corralled local government mandate more and more toward "community government" (Douglas, [19]; Tindal, [69]), then the principle of subsidiarity, and the requisites of devolution, endogeneity, and increased self-government, will be the guiding lights here. A further contrast is with the Netherlands where the status of local government in a highly decentralized country is evidenced by the fact that the personnel resources employed by local government are some 60% higher than the entire national government (VNG, [73]). This trajectory has taken us from a thoroughgoing colonial enterprise facilitating the agendas of European geopolitical and mercantile interests relating to resources exploitation, settlement, and the secure reproduction of power structures, via a colonial government, and then the Federal and Provincial governments, through to the post-war maturation of a more independent welfare state and the rapid urbanization of Canadian society, on to today's conditions in a highly globalized, technologically driven world. The founding role of these municipalities, as a provincially sanctioned agency to provide services to property, such as roads maintenance and water and sewage services has, for most municipalities, been transformed to a locally responsible government that is now expected to deliver a diverse range of services to people, community organizations, local businesses, international industrial corporations, and others. [Extracted from the article]

The Battle of Vimy Ridge was a military engagement between the Canadian Corps and the German Empire during the Great War (1914-1918). In this battle, Canadian troops fought as a single unit and won the day. It marked an important point in Canadian history as a nation. The year 2017 marks the centenary of this battle. In commemoration of this event, the Pas-de-Calais Departmental Council financed a 3D recording mission for one of the underground tunnels (souterraines) used as refuge by the Canadian soldiers several weeks prior to the battle. A combination of Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) and close-range photogrammetry techniques was employed in order to document not only the souterraine, but also the various carvings and graffitis created by the soldiers on its walls. The resulting point clouds were registered to the French national geodetic system and then meshed and textured in order to create a precise 3D model of the souterraine. In this paper, the workflow taken during the project as well as several results will be discussed. In the end, the resulting 3D model was used to create derivative products such as maps, section profiles and also virtual visit videos. The latter helps the dissemination of the 3D information and thus aids in the preservation of the memory of the Great War for Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of TESL Canada Journal / Revue TESL du Canada is the property of TESL Canada Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores an arts-based practitioner action research study that explores the artworks made by students from a Grade 11 History of Canada course in response to teaching and learning about the First World War. The practitioner considers the art-things (Bennett, 2015) of his students and the associated thing-power (Bennett, 2004) affordances. The work was informed by a rhizomatic methodology (Deleuze & Guattari, 1980/2000) that illuminated insights arising from interpretation and analysis of the educative assemblage and its concrete and abstract constituents and forces. The practitioner’s action research was informed by newness, unexpectedness, and difference (Deleuze & Guattari, 1968/1994) drawn from engagements with the students’ art-things and artist statements, which in turn enriched the personal and professional knowledge and educative practices of the author as well as his students’ learning because of knowledge drawn from this inquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To celebrate the 100th volume of The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering (CJCE) in 2022, we briefly narrate its history and accomplishments. The CJCE's journey began in 1929 with the launch of the Canadian Journal of Research (CJR), which transformed to the Canadian Journal of Technology (CJT) in 1951, and finally to its present name in 1957 as the flagship publication of the Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering (CSChE). Using statistical data and keywords mined from Clarivate's Web of Science (WoS) together with manual searches of the articles published in the CJR and CJT, we describe how the scope of chemical engineering has continued to evolve, over the past 90+ years, in becoming ever more multifaceted. Chemical engineering encompasses traditional areas, such as polymers, thermodynamics, transport phenomena, transfer and separation processes, reactor design, energy conversion, process simulation and control, and environmental science; however, it has been expanding to include biotechnology, biomedical, food processing, novel composite materials, nanotechnology, renewable/green energy, CO2 capture and transformation, and numerical techniques like neural networks, artificial intelligence, discrete element methods, etc. Like all scientific journals, the growth and success of the CJCE are attributed to the commitment of its contributing authors. We recognize and celebrate the contributions of several prominent Canadian and international researchers, who published their articles in the CJCE. With a number of new initiatives launched in the last decade, we foresee continued improvements in the stature of the CJCE as a top‐ranked journal for publishing impactful research, leading to advancements in chemical sciences and engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenon known as strong thermal emission velocity enhancement (STEVE) is a narrow optical structure that may extend longitudinally for thousands of kilometers. Initially observed by amateur photographers, it has recently garnered researchers' attention. STEVE has been associated with a rapid westward flow of ions in the ionosphere, known as subauroral ion drift (SAID). In this work, we investigate three occurrences of STEVE, using data from one of the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) ground-based all-sky imagers (ASIs) located at Pinawa, Manitoba, and from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN). This approach allows us to verify the correlation between STEVE and SAID, as well as analyze the temporal variation of SAID observed during STEVE events. Our results suggest that the SAID activity starts before the STEVE, and the magnitude of the westward flow decreases as the STEVE progresses toward the end of its optical manifestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the emergence of the social prescribing student movement in Canada, focusing on the establishment of the Canadian Social Prescribing Student Collective in 2022 and the progress made in its development. It emphasizes the significance of student participation in the movement and the potential impact on both the movement itself and the students involved. The article highlights various student-led initiatives and contributions to social prescribing in Canada. The Canadian Social Prescribing Student Collective aims to collaborate, educate, advocate, and innovate to expand the social prescribing student movement nationwide. The article calls for action from stakeholders to support the advancement of the movement, urging students to join the collective and contribute to research, policy, and practice. It also encourages healthcare and community organizations, as well as postsecondary institutions, to increase student involvement in social prescribing efforts and integrate it into health professional programs. These actions aim to foster the growth of the social prescribing student movement and shape the future of the healthcare system. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Kanada-Studien is the property of Gesellschaft fuer Kanada Studien e.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historical Studies is the property of Canadian Catholic Historical Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article discusses the need for transformative politics of nature in Canada, focusing on biodiversity loss and climate change. It highlights the decline of the monarch butterfly population and the urgency of conservation efforts. The article emphasizes the interrelationship between humans and the environment and calls for transformative shifts in governance, economic systems, and knowledge systems. It discusses Canada's conservation goals and commitments, as well as the challenges in achieving them. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for transformative change and the potential leverage points for initiating such change. The document titled "wg2020-03-03-en.pdf" is a report from the Convention on Biological Diversity, providing an overview of the progress made in implementing the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020. The report highlights achievements and challenges faced by different countries in conserving biodiversity and achieving the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, emphasizing the need for increased efforts and collaboration to address the ongoing loss of biodiversity. [Extracted from the article]

Mount Meager is a deeply eroded quaternary volcanic complex located in southwestern British Columbia (BC) and is known for its frequent large landslides. In 2010, the south face of Mount Meager collapsed, generating a long-runout debris avalanche that was one of the largest landslides (50 × 106 m3) in Canadian history. Over the past 14 years, the landslide deposit has been reworked by stream action, delivering large amounts of sediment to Lillooet River, just downstream. In this study, we investigate 10 years of geomorphic evolution of the landslide deposit using orthophotos and digital elevation models (DEMs) generated using Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry on aerial photographs acquired during unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) surveys. The SfM products were used to produce a series of precise maps that highlight the geomorphological changes along the lower Meager Creek within the runout area of the landslide. Comparison of DEMs produced from 2010, 2012, 2015, and 2019 imagery allowed us to calculate deposit volume changes related to erosion, transport, and redeposition of landslide material. We estimate that about 1.1 × 106 m3 of sediment was eroded from the landslide deposit over the period 2015–2019. About 5.2 × 105 m3 of that sediment was redeposited inside the study area. About 5.8 × 105 m3 of sediment, mainly sand, silt, and clay, were exported from the study area and are being carried by Lillooet River towards Pemberton, 40 km from Mount Meager, and farther downstream. These remobilized sediments likely reduce the Lillooet River channel capacity and thus increase flood hazards to the communities of Pemberton and Mount Currie. Our study indicates a landslide persistence in the landscape, with an estimated 47-year half-life decay, suggesting that higher flood hazard conditions related to increased sediment supply may last longer than previously estimated. This study shows the value of using SfM in tandem with historic aerial photographs, UAV photos, and high-resolution satellite imagery for determining sediment budgets in fluvial systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐resolution records from past interglacial climates help constrain future responses to global warming, yet are rare. Here, we produce seasonally resolved climate records from subarctic‐Canada using micron‐scale measurements of oxygen isotopes (δ18O) in speleothems with apparent annual growth bands from three interglacial periods—Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 11, 9, and 5e. We find 3‰ lower δ18O values during MIS 11 than MIS 5e, despite MIS 11 likely being warmer. We explore controls on high‐latitude speleothem δ18O and suggest low MIS 11 δ18O values reflect greater contribution of cold‐season precipitation to dripwater from longer annual ground thaw durations. Other potential influences include changes in precipitation source and/or increased fraction of cold‐season precipitation from diminished sea ice in MIS 11. Our study highlights the potential for high‐latitude speleothems to yield detailed isotopic records of Northern Hemisphere interglacial climates beyond the reach of Greenland ice cores and offers a framework for interpreting them. Plain Language Summary: Few climate records pre‐dating the last ice age exist from high‐latitude North America, which inhibits our understanding of how regions with permafrost responded to past warming and how they might change in the future. Here, we help fill this data gap by using six speleothems (cave mineral deposits) from a cave in the Northwest Territories, Canada to produce climate records that span thousands of years during former warm periods of Earth's history. We find that speleothems that grew during an exceptionally warm super‐interglacial period 400,000 years ago have 3‰ lower oxygen isotope (δ18O) values compared to those that grew during a likely cooler interglacial 125,000 years ago. We explore potential explanations for the difference in δ18O across interglacials, and suggest that lower δ18O values during warmer periods reflect greater infiltration of cool‐season precipitation with longer annual ground thaw durations. This study highlights the importance of high‐latitude speleothems to provide detailed climate records beyond the range available from Greenland ice cores. Key Points: Long high‐latitude terrestrial climate records are rare in the Northern HemisphereHigh‐latitude speleothems can provide ultra‐high‐resolution climate records beyond the reach of Greenland ice coresMean oxygen isotopes of Arctic and subarctic speleothems likely are controlled by annual ground thaw durations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Texas Creek rock avalanche is a prehistoric deposit in the Fraser River Canyon, 17 km south of Lillooet, southwestern British Columbia, Canada. Original mapping suggested that the debris consisted of two landslides: a 45 Mm3 event deposited after the Mazama tephra but before about 2 ka ago, and a 7.2 Mm3 event about 1.1 ka ago. The proposed timing of the younger landslide was correlated with a decline in the First Nations population and was proposed as an agent of cultural collapse driven by its impact on salmon returns vital to the population's sustenance. We provide six surface exposure ages using 10Be from boulder tops, with three samples from each surface that were originally posited to be older and younger debris. The six samples yielded similar ages suggesting the landslide deposit represents a single event with an average age of 2.28 ± 0.19 (2σ external error) ka before 1950 AD. Evidently, the landslide played no role in the cultural collapse. Fraser River Holocene incision rates, estimated pre- and post-landslide are between 13 and 24 mm/yr, consistent with previous estimates for the mid-Fraser River region. Landslide timing is coincident with the explosive eruption of Mount Meager, 120 km to the northwest, and with a possible landslide at Mystery Creek 85 km to the west and 65 km south of Mount Meager. The landslide may have been seismically triggered, but attribution is speculative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sandy Lake basin in northwestern Ontario is a potentially important area for insights into the late history of glacial Lake Agassiz because of its extensive glaciolacustrine deposits and well-preserved shoreline features of this geological episode. However, little information is available on its deglaciation history. Recent mapping shows the withdrawal of the ice from the basin center and subsequent deposition of extensive varved clay in the lake with an optically stimulated luminescence-dated maximum age at 11.4 ± 0.9 ka. With its further recession, the ice constructed the Opasquia moraine on the northern rim of the basin sometime before the development on the moraine of the first major shoreline of the lake (the The Pas, inferred at 10.1 ka). Lowering of the lake level formed many strandlines on the moraine and elsewhere in the basin, which can be correlated with those in the main Agassiz basin based on projected water planes (the The Pas to Ponton). Radiocarbon dating on basal wood remains of surface peat in a former strait defined by the Ponton shoreline and a nearby site on the former lake floor indicates the abandonment of this shoreline and hence the withdrawal of Lake Agassiz from the Sandy Lake basin by 8.3 ± 0.1 cal ka (UOC-7883). The date, although a minimum-limiting age, provides the hitherto best possible age constraint for the Ponton–Kinojévis shorelines, which many hypothesize represent one of the major lake levels during the final drainage of Lake Agassiz into Hudson Bay but have never been adequately dated before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though a small minority (approximately 1% of the Canadian population), Jews have been important in shaping Canadian culture and identity and have had an open presence in the country since 1760. This paper seeks to provide an historical overview of the immigration and settlement of Jews into Canada and the subsequent growth and development of the community. Using recent Canada census data and local Jewish community studies, it identifies key demographic features of contemporary Jewish life and, where possible, compares this to the United States. The paper paints a picture of Jews as fulfilling the twin promise of Canadian multiculturalism: they have been successful in integrating into larger Canadian society while at the same time retaining a vibrant internal Jewish religion and culture. By outlining current issues and trends in Jewish life in Canada, this work demonstrates the growth and maturation of the Canadian Jewish community. The paper moves beyond the outdated 'time-lag' theory in order to explain the more traditional nature of Canadian Jewry compared to the United States. It identifies a range of other historical, political and geographical factors to account for this difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canada's history is punctuated with a number of big and bold national projects, such as the Trans-Canada Highway and the Canadian Pacific Railway, that have played defining roles for the country and its citizens' prosperity.1 However, over more recent decades, there has been much less success in bringing such projects to fruition. Indeed, the growing number of major national infrastructure projects that have been stalled or cancelled suggests some re-thinking of the factors that impact the development of these projects is required. The lengthy regulatory and review processes to assess major infrastructure development projects and lack of long-term planning are often viewed as sources of conflict between the economic objectives and environmental conservation and culture and heritage preservation. Cancelled and stalled infrastructure projects can offer valuable insight into this and can lead to better decision-making processes around infrastructure development in Canada. For this purpose, this communiqué provides a retrospective look at the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline. Industry proponents developed the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline project in the 1970s in response to the federal government's decision to facilitate the delivery of gas from Canada's Arctic to markets in the south (Dosman 1975, 119-124). About half a century later, the project was finally cancelled. As one of the largest infrastructure projects ever considered in Canada, the issues encountered throughout the initial development and regulatory review phases of the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline proposals can provide valuable lessons for similar major infrastructure projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THE PAPER EXAMINES THE EXPERIENCE of C.B. Wade (1906-1982), a chartered accountant and university instructor who was recruited to work for organized labour during the period of transition from wartime mobilization to postwar reconstruction at the end of the Second World War. In hiring Wade in 1944, District 26 of the United Mine Workers of America became one of the first Canadian unions to employ a research director to help address the challenges of the new age of industrial legality and advance their social democratic agenda. The paper discusses Wade's background, including his involvement in the Workers' Educational Association, and documents his contributions to the work of the coal miners' union, including the efforts to promote public ownership of the industry. In addition, the paper discusses Wade's unpublished history of the union, a manuscript that has had a long life as an underground classic. While the negotiation of the postwar compromises between labour, capital and the state gave union staff such as Wade an increasingly central role in labour relations, this was not a stable context, and the paper also considers the deepening Cold War conditions that led to the end of his employment in 1950. In the context of labour and working-class history, Wade can be associated with a relatively small cohort of politically engaged intellectuals who made lasting contributions to the research capacity of unions and to the field of labour studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries the United States became a significant imperial power with which an overstretched British Empire did not want conflict. The planting of numerous American flags in the Canadian Yukon, and especially in Dawson City, symbolized this dynamic, which was accompanied by some tension and apprehension on the part of British-Canadian authorities. At the same time, hints at a future friendly alliance between the United States and Britain can be seen in the mingling, in the Yukon Territory, of Yankees, Britons, and Canadians who all shared (among other things) a common literary heritage. Among these hints was an implausible but sincere proposal on the part of a US Congressman for the United States to cede the Alaska Panhandle to Canada. This article is part of a special collection of papers originally presented at a conference on "The North and the First World War," held May 2016 in Whitehorse, Yukon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While the number of women entering medicine has steadily increased since the 1970s in Canada, the gender composition along each stage of the medical training pathway has not been comprehensively reported. We therefore sought to systematically examine the gender composition of students, residents, and practicing physicians over the past 30 years in Canada. Results: In this cross-sectional analysis of Canadian medical trainees including MD applicants (137,096 male, 169,099 female), MD students (126,422 male, 152, 967 female), MD graduates (29,413 male, 34,173 female), residents by the decade (24,425 male, 28,506 female) and practicing surgeons (total 7,457 male, 3,457 female), we find that increased female representation in medicine is not matched by representation in surgery, with the key being the specialty choice process. The likelihood of female applicants matriculating to medical school was less than male applicants in the 90s (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.92–0.93), greater in the early 2000s (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.03–1.04), and has since balanced out (OR 1.00, 95% CI 1.00-1.01), with medical school classes being nearly 60% female for the past two decades. Despite this, females have remained underrepresented in most surgical residency programs, with odds of female medical students entering surgical residency other than Ob/Gyn being about half that of male students (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.44–0.71), resulting in a slow increase in practicing female surgeons of less than 0.5% per year in many surgical disciplines and projected parity decades or centuries in the future. Conclusions: While undergraduate medical education has been majority female in Canada for nearly three decades, females remain greatly underrepresented in the physician workforce within surgical specialties. To build a representative medical workforce equipped to care for diverse patient populations, factors influencing the specialty choices of early career physicians will need to be examined and addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the association between depression, ultra-processed food consumption (UPFs), and the risk of developing diabetesspecific complications in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: Baseline data came from the CARTaGENE study, a health survey of adults (40-69 years) in Quebec, Canada. The incidence of T2D complications was examined in N= 683 participants with T2D without complications at baseline by linking survey data with administrative health data. Food and drink consumption was assessed using the Canadian Diet History Questionnaire and categorized by NOVA classification. Participants were categorized into tertiles of UPFs consumption. Depression was defined as having elevated depressive symptoms based on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 or the use of antidepressant medications. Cox regression models were used to estimate the associations between UPFs, depression, and T2D complications. Results: In total, 105 individuals developed diabetes-related complications over a 7-year period. Participants with high depressive symptoms and high UPFs consumption had the highest risk for diabetes complications (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.07, 95% CI: 0.91 - 4.70), compared to participants with low depressive symptoms and low UPFs consumption. Higher risks for diabetes complications were observed when high depressive symptoms and antidepressant use were combined with high UPFs consumption (aHR 2.59, 95% CI: 1.32 - 5.06). Conclusion: This study indicates that those with co-occurring depression and high UPFs consumption have a greater risk of diabetes complications. Early management and monitoring of both risk factors might be essential to prevent diabetes complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the Digital Platform Workers' Rights Act 2022 in Canada and its impact on platform workers. It highlights the growth of platform work in Canada and the need for regulation to protect the rights of platform workers. The Act establishes rights for platform workers and addresses issues related to their classification and working conditions. However, there are concerns about the effectiveness of the Act, particularly regarding data transparency, determinacy, and the substance of the rights outlined. The article also acknowledges the challenges and complexities surrounding the classification of platform workers and the need for further research to understand their experiences. Overall, the Act is seen as a step in the right direction, but its effectiveness depends on the development of appropriate infrastructure for asserting claims and resolving disputes. [Extracted from the article]

This article provides a historical perspective on Canada's transition from third to fourth generation fighter aircraft and its ongoing transition to fifth generation fighters. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the mindset and constraints of previous generations and how they can inform current and future developments. The article discusses the complexities and ethical considerations associated with emerging technologies like uncrewed aerial vehicles. It also addresses the challenges and considerations involved in the procurement and transition process of the CF-18 to the F-35 fighter aircraft, including security measures, infrastructure upgrades, and the need for experienced personnel. The article highlights the challenges faced by the Royal Canadian Air Force in recruiting and training enough personnel, and suggests changes in prerequisites for becoming a pilot and utilizing modern technology for distance learning. Overall, it emphasizes the importance of historical analysis, adaptation, and learning from past experiences in transitioning to new fighter capabilities. [Extracted from the article]

The article provides a detailed account of the Canadian Armed Forces' role in the 2021 Kabul Air Evacuation, known as Operation Aegis. It discusses the challenges faced during the operation, including limited landing slots and strict time constraints at the overcrowded airport. Despite these obstacles, Canadian forces worked closely with their allied partners to maximize the number of evacuees. The conditions on the ground were described as tenuous, chaotic, and desperate, with Canadian military personnel going above and beyond to assist evacuees. The operation involved procuring necessary supplies locally and ensuring the safety and well-being of the evacuees. The Canadian military's mission was driven by the purpose of helping evacuate as many people as possible, providing them with opportunities for education and a better future. [Extracted from the article]