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Copyright of Belgi Dergisi is the property of Pamukkale University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kadim is the property of Kadim and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of I.U. Journal of Translation Studies / İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi is the property of I.U. Journal of Translation Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Selcuk Law Review / Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Selcuk Law Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Beytulhikme: An International Journal of Philosophy is the property of Beytulhikme: An International Journal of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Some individuals dedicate their lives to a single area of endeavour, while others pursue a multifaceted approach. Those who excel in their chosen fields often leave a positive legacy, influencing others through their work, ideas and students. Conversely, those who fail to achieve similar success may leave behind a legacy of negative associations due to envy, greed or personal interests. Those who follow in their footsteps often draw inspiration from their predecessors' deeds, evaluating them according to their own perspectives. Ahmet Cevdet Pasha is one of the individuals who occupied numerous roles during the Tanzimat period of the 19th century, leaving a legacy of positive contributions to the fields of science, thought, law, education, history, and politics.

Sosyolojinin ve din sosyolojisinin önemli konularından biri olan modernleşme, yaşam biçimlerini etkilediği gibi dini anlama ve yorumlama biçimlerinde birtakım zihniyet değişimlerine yol açmıştır. Bu zihniyet değişimi sonucu birey, aklının yüceltildiği ve iradesinin öneminin vurgulandığı bir "aktör" şeklinde tanımlanmış, bu rolünün gereği olarak geleneksel din anlayışlarına karşı dinin modern yorumunu ortaya koymayı amaçlamıştır. Türkiye'de bütün kurumsal alanlarda ilk modernleşme çabalarının görüldüğü Tanzimat döneminde Osmanlı Devleti, yaşanan askeri başarısızlıklara çözüm olarak kurumsal yapılarını Batı'nın bilim ve tekniğini örnek alarak yenileme ihtiyacı hissetmiş, bu durum modern kültürün Osmanlı toplumunda yer edinmesinin yolunu açmıştır. Modern kültürün aktarımında eğitim, hem yeni bir dünya görüşü hem de bireysel tutum kazandırma açısından önemli bir işlev üstlenmiştir. Tanzimat döneminde modern değerleri benimseyen muhafazakar kesim, İslam'ın inanç ve ibadet gibi temel esaslarının geleneksel anlayış biçimlerini çeşitli eleştirilere tâbi tutmuş, reddedilen geleneksel din anlayışının yerine modern değerle uyumlu yeni yorum biçimleri ortaya koymaya çalışmıştır. Dini bireyselleşme olarak değerlendirilen bu tutum, "Yeni Muhafazakar Aydın" olarak adlandırılan bir aydın tipini ortaya çıkarmıştır.

This article studies some Turkish novels written in Armenian letters before the first Turkish novels in Arabic letters were published in order to examine the far-reaching social effects of Westernization/modernization. Close readings of Akabi Hikâyesi (1851), Karnig, Gülünya ve Dikran'nın Dehşetlu Vefatleri Hikâyesi (1862) and Bir Sefil Zevce (1868) demonstrate how Westernization/modernization affected the institution of religion and how this is reflected in literary texts. This study also examines how this issue was handled in the first novels written by Muslim Ottoman writers and the two sets of novels are compared in this respect. In both sets of novels, the change originated from the West. Modernism began earlier in Armenian society, which had strong ties to the Western world. In the Armenian community, where the sectarian divisions were much sharper, the change led to a conflict between the church and the proponents of modernization. Armenian writers dealt with this conflict in their texts. In the Muslim Ottoman society, these effects began a little later. The religious institution was affected by this, but this effect was often not mentioned or simply ignored in the texts. In the said texts, not much reference is made to the existence of this institution, and it is defended or reckoned with in a limited manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modernization, which is one of the important subjects of sociology and sociology of religion, has affected the way of life as well as led to some mental changes in the way of understanding and interpreting religion. As a result of this mentality change, the individual was defined as an “actor” in which his mind was exalted and the importance of his will emphasized, and as a requirement of this role, he aimed to reveal the modern interpretation of religion against traditional religious understandings. In the Tanzimat period, when the first modernization efforts were seen in all institutional areas in Turkey, the Ottoman Empire felt the need to renew its institutional structures by taking the science and technique of the West as a solution to the military failures, and this situation paved the way for modern culture to take a place in the Ottoman society. In the transmission of modern culture, education has undertaken an important function in terms of gaining both a new worldview and an individual attitude. In this article, it has been seen important how the Tanzimat period, which is historically accepted as the beginning of modernization in Turkey, had an impact on the individualization of religion. In this study, using the literature review method, the effort to search for the modern interpretation of Islam of the “Intellectual” segment, who has a modern consciousness and has a modern consciousness, has been discussed. As a result, the conservative segment, which adopted modern values during the Tanzimat period, subjected the traditional understanding of the basic principles of Islam such as belief and worship to various criticisms, and tried to put forward new forms of interpretation compatible with modern values instead of the rejected traditional understanding of religion. This attitude, which is considered as religious individualization, has revealed a type of intellectual called "New Conservative Intellectual". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public legal personality is a concept on which the discipline of law still has not reached a consensus. The concept, which consists of the combination of individual and legal person elements in the legal system, has come to the fore with the modern state structure, but there are still discussions about its criteria. Many public services carried out by foundations in the pre-modern period became the services provided by the state with the modern state structure, and this service expansion and diversity necessitated the formation of different types of public legal entities. Legal entities are entities that are independent of the founding persons, which have rights and competencies similar to real persons. In the study, which was prepared by using the literature review, the development of the concept of public legal entity in the Ottoman state administration was tried to be discussed. It is clear that formation processes need to be examined in order to understand administration and institutional structures. In the study, which was prepared with the argument that it is important to determine the developments in the Ottoman Empire in order to understand the public legal personality, which is one of the administrative and legal concepts in the Republican period in Turkey, the developments related to the subject starting from the Tanzimat Period until the collapse of the state were tried to be revealed. It is understood that these structures, the infrastructure of which was prepared with the establishment of the modern state structure and almost the entirety of the 19th century, went through a preparatory process in a sense, although it is accepted that they existed in different forms before the modern period, they achieved their closest form to today's understanding thanks to the arrangements made at the beginning of the 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of TÜBA-AR: Turkish Academy of Sciences, Journal of Archaeology is the property of Turkish Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Turkey's democracy adventure is almost as old as the history of modernization. Because the institutions and rules needed by democracy emerged with modernism. Therefore, it is possible to take the first examples of the democracy process back to the Tulip Era. However, the period in which the institutions and rules that will contribute to the development of democracy are embodied in the Tanzimat Period, in which the modernization move intensified. Democracy is defined as a regime that is based on popular sovereignty, based on the rule of law, considers everyone as a citizen without making any religious or ethnic discrimination among citizens, is organized according to the principle of division of powers, and powers are shared between central and local actors. In this sense, the reforms made in the Tanzimat Period took the lead in shaping the institutions and legal regulations needed by democracy, which would find its meaning in the Republican Period. The principals in the Tanzimat Edict and Islahat Edict and legal arrangements, assemblies formed in order to put the principles into effect have made very serious contributions to democracy. Ensuring the safety of people's life and property, the limitation of the Sultan's powers, the reflection of the will of the people on the administration through the established assemblies, the legal regulations imported from European countries regarding social and economic life, the efforts to transform local governments into Western-style institutions reveal the contribution of the Tanzimat Reforms to democracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Accounting & Financial History Research Journal / Muhasebe ve Finans Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi. is the property of Association of Accounting & Financial History Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Probate records are the documents in which all kinds of wealth and belongings transferred to their heirs in case of death of persons, are recorded in terms of their type, quantity, and values. The fact that, their location, family information, property, debit, credit, and total wealth of deceased persons were included in the registers made these registers essential sources of administrative, social, economic, and cultural history research of the Ottoman Empire. The study which is prepared based on the data in probate registers of non-Muslim people in the Tanzimat Period in Diyarbakir was examined. Issues such as marriage types, marital status, locations, and relationship of their wealth to the number of children of Armenian, Assyrian, Chaldean and Greek communities who were residing in Diyarbakir during this period were discussed. As a result of the study, it was found that non-Muslims applied to the Sharia court at the point of sharing their estate, they mostly live in the city center, they do not have polygamy and they have an average of 4.78 children per family. In this study, the probate records of 109 non-Muslims in the probate registers which were numbered 280, 281, 293, 296, 297, 308, 353, 377 and 576 belonging to the Tanzimat Period of Diyarbakir and obtained from the Presidential Ottoman Archives were utilized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women's education becomes a prominent issue in the Ottoman Empire with the modern period, leading to the opening of the first modern public school for girls as a rüşdiyye (secondary) school. This article critically examines the curriculum of girls' rüşdiyyes from their foundation in 1859 until the beginning of the Second Constitutional Period in 1908. The formation, development and content of the curriculum are investigated both in terms of social demands, and in comparison with the curriculum of boys' rüşdiyyes. Curricula of girls and boys, women's magazines and magazines on education of the selected period were analysed via document review. As a historical case study evaluation, this study employs descriptive analyses to obtain and interpret results. We argue that women's education is perceived as a way of raising a moral generation, as well as keeping the family institution alive. When compared to boys', there are fewer courses and more simplified content in girls' curriculum. Although this gap closes in time, these curricula are still different regarding two aspects: domestic courses always exist, and religious content increases in girls' curriculum throughout this period. Accordingly, women are prioritised in social discipline and their disciplinisation is seen as a priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Namık Kemal and Ahmed Midhat Effendi, through their works, present remarkable data for researchers about the course of Ottoman modernization. This study analyses comparatively how those authors, through their novels (İntibah [Awakening] written by Namık Kemal and Felâtun Bey ile Râkım Efendi [Felâtun Bey and Râkım Effendi] written by Ahmed Midhat Effendi) which were published in the same year –1876, show an approach to the case of enslavement and social status of women in Ottoman modernization period. Besides, the fact asserted by Şerif Mardin that one of the two basic subjects discussed in first novels published through the Westernization period is the social status of women and another fact that in the societies which experience the modernization period, women’s social status is always a matter of debate, make it interesting to compare those two authors, who have significant roles in this period, through their novels both published in the same year. Within this scope, on one hand Namık Kemal seems to have a tendency for objectivation of women, especially the enslaved women, but on the other hand, Ahmed Midhat Effendi seems to have a more moderate discourse in this case. Thus, in the modernization process, the distinction between the two Ottoman intellectuals becomes clear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tanzimat Dönemi (1839-1876), Osmanlı İmparatorluğu eğitim sisteminde ıslahatın en yoğun yaşandığı süreç olarak dikkat çekmektedir. 1845 yılından itibaren eğitim ıslahatına hız verilmiş, bu hızla birlikte eğitimin her basamağında devam eden ıslahat birtakım yeni problemleri beraberinde getirmiştir. Eğitim ıslahatında eksiklikler ve ihmaller, süreç içerisinde belli başlı uygulama ve düzeltmelerle telafi edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda 1845 yılından itibaren hız kazanan eğitim ıslahatı sürecindeki büyük bir eksiklik olan hukuki altyapı ve çerçeve ise Maarif-i Umumiye Nizamnamesi ile oluşturulmak istenmiştir. Nizamname hazırlanırken yapılan müzakerelerde nizamnamenin gerekliliği ve nizamnamede yer alan hususlar ayrıntılı olarak ele alınmıştır. Nizamnamenin hazırlık süreci ve nizamnamenin yayımlanması konusundaki belgeler, dönemin eğitim ıslahatını birinci elden okuma fırsatı sunmaktadır. Bugüne kadar nizamname hakkında yapılan bilimsel çalışmalarda çoğunlukla ikincil kaynakların kullanılmış olması önemli bir eksikliktir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı nizamnamenin mazbatasını (esbab-ı mucibe layihası) arşiv kaynaklarına dayalı olarak ortaya koymak ve bu mazbata üzerinden Tanzimat Dönemi eğitim ıslahatının analizini yapmaktır. Aynı zamanda Maarif-i Umumiye Nizamnamesinin ilan edildiği tarih konusu hakkında da yeniden bir değerlendirmede de bulunulmuştur. Tarihi araştırma metodu kullanılarak yapılan bu çalışmada veri toplama yöntemi olarak doküman incelemesi kullanılmıştır.

Copyright of History Studies (13094688) is the property of History Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tahkik Journal of Critical Editions of Islamic Manuscripts is the property of Hacveyiszade Foundation for Science & Culture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of History Studies (13094688) is the property of History Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Starting with the announcement of Edict of Tanzimat and ended with the First Constitutional Period, called the Tanzimat Period, covers a process in which innovations are experienced in many areas from social life to political life. With this period, Ottoman press emerged, as a result of this, humor journals also entered the public life one by one. Humor journals that do not see the value that they deserve in the history of Turkish press until its last periods, has started to become a subject of research by researchers today. Meddah journal, which entered the publication life in 1875 and published 32 issues, is not much different than the other humor journals of period in the perspective of shape and content, except the language and its style. Meddah is similar to other first term humor journals in terms of, drawing attention to social issues by avoiding political criticism, polemics with the other journals, oral cultural influence, including the letters of readers, writing articles with pen name etc. In this study; it’s aimed to identify and correct wrong discourses about the Meddah journal, which has not been found enough information about it until today, shed life on the social life of the period by giving detailed information about its content, and to determine its place in the history of Turkish press and humor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the broadest sense, the philosophy is described as the scientific search for existence and knowledge. It develops by integrating with the language of a certain culture. When it is viewed from this respect, the translation is known as a device to provide intercultural interaction. However, on the basic level, translation is known as the transmission of the texts in a language with their forms, meanings and styles into a target language and/or culture. These transmission processes are also accepted as a part of the Westernization movement during the Tanzimat Period in the Ottoman Empire. During this period The Ottoman culture began to be involved in a cultural transformation by translating the novels and theatre plays from the Western cultures. In this study, it is aimed to analyse and evaluate the position of translation philosophy especially during the years before the establishment of The Republic of Turkey by comparing with the Western sources. If it is possible to translate the texts more than one form, the ideas of the translators and the interpreters gain importance. Thus, before and during the translation process, the ideal forms of the texts in the target language are thought and discussed in the minds of translators and interpreters, and the theories occur and the philosophical discourses appear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of History Studies (13094688) is the property of History Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences Institute / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi is the property of Bingol University / Rectorate and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish History Education Journal (TUHED) is the property of Ahmet Simsek and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EUL Journal of Social Sciences / LAÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of EUL Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The adaptation method used from the Latin poets is a translation method referenced to ensure the equivalence between source and target text, using in the translation process when encountered incompatibilities with the language and culture. This method which was used by Western world while building the national languages and literatures in age of enlightenment, has seen demand in our national literary canon from the Tanzimat period. Translation activity of Tanzimat period which accelerated with the westernization movements the adaptation method has often been referred by installing many functions especially in the theater adaptation. In this period by using adaptation method, both the entrance and settlement of the Western theater which is missing literary genre in the native literary system became easier and our writers, who are strangers to the Western theater technique benefit from the adaptation as a pen experience. In this period theatre adaptations writing by the playwrights like as Ahmet Vefik Pasha, Ali Bey and Teodor Kasap, language was localized and simplified by using words, proverbs and idioms of local dialect. Thus the theatre adaptations of Tanzimat period has played an important role not only in theater literature but also in simplifying language of prose. This study examines language of Tanzimat period theater adaptations in light of the relationship between adapting method and language localization and reveals the importance of these adaptations in terms of language simplification movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World is the property of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları is the property of Turk Dunyasi Arastirmalari Vakfi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Humanitas: International Journal of Social Sciences / Uluslararasi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Humanitas: International Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper discusses polygamies in an Ottoman city, Bursa. In this research we have used the estates of 361 married men who died in and around the city between the years 1839-1864. According to the judicial records of this period, Anatolian Bursa families appear very different from how they were depicted by stereotypes in terms of women rights and polygamous marriages. Nevertheless, historical sources reveal the existence of polygamous marriages during the first periods of the Ottoman society where it gradually became a rare phenomenon with the transformation of tribal traditions into city culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakultesi Dergisi is the property of Hacettepe University Faculty of Letters and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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In Tanzimat reform era, Turkish literature has emerged in the process which is accelerated of westernization in the Ottoman state. West’s cultural values and civilization of the Turkish nation impress every stage of his life. This effect play an important role in the innovation and exchange of our literature. Tanzimat artists works extensively influence of the westernization in their monument. Sinasi, Namik Kemal, Ziya Pasha, Ahmet Mithat Efendi, Recaizade Mahmut Ekrem and Abdulhak Hamit Tarhan, in point of both their ideas and their work are significiant artists in this period. In the other hand during this period, it is very important to determine our people who have accepted everything of western as well. Ahmet Mithat Efendi compares with east and west in terms of culture and civilization in the novels which is called A Turk in Paris, Jon Turk. He says that Turks are better than West in terms of culture. Particularly author in this piece, argued that Westerners do not know sufficiently the Turkish and Turkish values are more precious than Western values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extended abstract In this study, the buildings and mansions, in the Historical Peninsula and its vicinity, used as the offices of the ministries, councils, Sheikhulislam and other administrative units in the Tanzimat Period (1839- 1876), during which the administrative reorganization evolved, are examined. The reflections of the new bureaucratic system in the architectural domain of the old city in this period, when, in addition to the old ministries, new ministries, councils and the municipal directorate were founded, have been researched. The building of Sublime Porte serving both as the residence and official headquarters of the Grand Vizier was stripped of its residential feature in this period, and it was reconstructed in brick as the building exclusively for the offices of the ministries and councils. Apart from the building of Sublime Porte, the buildings of the Ministry of War and the Admiralty, which was built in its previous location, on the opposite side of the Golden Horn, are the other buildings that were constructed for the ministries. Some ministries and administrative institutions were ensconced in the existing buildings and mansions on the Historical Peninsula. It has been determined that the Municipality, which provided municipal services, the Zaptieh administration, which was responsible for the security services, and the Trade Administration, where some councils assembled and which harboured some ministries, moved to different buildings several times throughout this period. The buildings of Darulfunun I and Darulfunun II, built for the purpose of education, were later accorded to the use of the ministries. In addition to the ministries and administrative institutions, the selamlik chambers of the mansions, used for the meetings of the bureaucrats, also served as administrative centers. The administrative buildings and the mansions have been studied in terms of their topographical features, positioning, mass formation, plan, architectural style, decoration, construction techniques and materials. Buildings with orientalist or neoclassical influence were used for the administrative units. However, the traditional elements and Western approaches of the planning design and interior decoration were intermixed as needed. When the events unfolding in the Tanzimat Period, the construction works and the administration mechanism are taken into account, it is seen that during the government of the prominent statesman Mustafa Resid Pasha, the Historical Peninsula was brought to the forefront so as to reflect the Tanzimat ideology in architecture.… [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to make a probable comparison between the conditions of Igdiç (Selimaga) village in the 1840s and the present time by using the temettüat registers in order to show the changes in the socioeconomic, cultural and demographic aspects of the village. Since, the temettüat registers contain very rich data regarding almost all of the characteristics of socio-economic life such as demography and agricultural economy. It is possible to get information on taxpayers' names, nick-names and occupations. 'Thus, it became easy to trace recent family and occupational histories at least 150 years back. For this paper the temettüat register of the Igdiç village (Balikesir-Dursunbey) was used. It is registered as ML.VRD.TMT.8388 in the Prime Ministry Ottoman Archives in Istanbul. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]