Search

Background Given the wide variety of factors affecting work-related stress, a work system approach could be adopted in order to better identify factors that impact individual stress. Objectives To provide a scoping review of the available work-related stress questionnaires and to reclassify their scales on the basis of the five elements included in the work system model using a content analysis method. Methods The main available work-related stress questionnaires used in previous studies in the time range of 1975 to 2017 were collected through a search in several indexing and citation databases. To reclassify the scales of these questionnaires, a qualitative content analysis was used and then reclassified in accordance with the five components of work system model: job (tasks), organizational condition, individual characteristics, technology and tools, and physical environmental. Results In total, 22 questionnaires met the conditions required to be entered into the final stage of the study. Emphasis of these questionnaires was on measuring job-related factors and organizational condition-related factors. 22.7% of them had considered no scales to measure the individual characteristics-related factors. Conclusions The results of the reclassification can help organizations select areas that encompass their own specific problems. Practical implications are also discussed.

En el presente trabajo se exponen las bases del Diseño Macroergonómico, desde la Teoría de la Actividad de Vigotsky (TA), abordando el problema de diseño de Sistemas Sociotécnicos (SST) incardinados en el constructivismo social. El modelo propuesto tiene como objetivo principal la ausencia de estrés en los trabajadores se que integran en dichos sistemas. La propuesta se vertebra con una metodología a seguir para la obtención de un entorno laboral sin estrés, a través de una serie de fases que convergen en la aplicación de dos herramientas de diseño: Affordances y Semiótica. El marco paradigmático establecido se aplica a un caso particular de diseño de un Salón de estilismo como sistema sociotécnico. In this paper we describe the foundations of Macroergonomic Design, from Vigotsky’s Activity Theory, addressing the design problem under the concept of Sociotechnical Systems. The proposed model has the main objective of the absence of stress in workers who are part of these systems. It applies to a particular design of a Stylist Lounge as a Sociotechnical System through a series of phases that converge in the implementation of two design tools: Affordances and Semiotics.

With modernity seeks the effectiveness and success of organizations in an increasingly competitive market. However there must be a balance between employee skills in performing the tasks and the market demand. The macroergonomics aims to contribute to improving working conditions with benefits for companies to achieve greater success in their products and services. Com a modernidade busca-se a eficácia e o sucesso das organizações em um mercado cada vez mais competitivo. No entanto é necessário que haja um equilíbrio entre as habilidades dos funcionários em executar as tarefas e a demanda do mercado. A macroergonômia tem por objetivo contribuir para melhorar as condições de trabalho trazendo benefícios para as empresas obterem maior sucesso em seus produtos e serviços.

O Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) é o responsável pelo atendimento préhospitalar (APH) realizado no Brasil que é aquele que se desloca para atender as vítimas em casos de urgência-emergência, funciona através de uma rede telefônica e pode ser caracterizado como um sistema complexo por envolver as centrais de regulação e as bases com as ambulâncias. Essa dissertação é formada por dois artigos que versam sobre o SAMU. No primeiro deles o objetivo foi mapear as influências do ambiente externo do SAMU metropolitano de Porto Alegre sob a ótica dos sistemas sociotécnicos. Para tal foi utilizada a análise macroergonômica do trabalho – AMT (GUIMARÃES, 2010) que tornou possível o entendimento da influência do ambiente externo no atendimento da população. Foi destacada na pesquisa a falta de conhecimento da população quanto ao funcionamento do SAMU, o elevado número de trotes, a falta de integração entre os serviços públicos, entre outros. Além disso, dentro da macroergonomia, a percepção dos fatores de riscos a que estão submetidos os trabalhadores é fundamental para que durante o atendimento realizado à população não haja dúvida quanto aos procedimentos seguros a serem adotados, para se evitar que possa ocorrer algum acidente. No segundo artigo foi realizada uma pesquisa identificando a percepção dos trabalhadores quanto aos fatores de risco. Identificou-se que os fatores de riscos como levantamento de peso, esforço físico intenso, calor e contaminação biológica por fluidos corpóreos dos pacientes foram os mais significativos na percepção dos trabalhadores do SAMU. The Mobile Emergency Service (SAMU) is the responsible for the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in Brazil. The EMS system is that move to take care of the victims in urgencyemergency cases, it works through a telephonic net and can be characterized by a complex system that involving the central offices of regulation and the bases with the ambulances. This dissertation consists of two articles that focus on the SAMU. In the first article, the objective of the study was to analyze the influences of the external environment of the SAMU of the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre under the optics of the sociotechnical systems. In this study the method of analysis was the Macroergonomic Work Analysis – MWA (GUIMARÂES, 2010) that it made possible to understand the influence of the external environment in the attendance of the population. It was identified in the research: the lack of knowledge of the population on the functioning of the SAMU, the raised number of hoax, the lack of integration between the public services, among others. Besides, in the macroergonomics, the perception of the hazards for the workers is fundamental. Since during the emergency medical service for the population it must not have doubt on the safe procedures to be adopted, to prevent that some accident can occur. Therefore in the second article, a research was carried out to identify the perception of the workers on the hazards. It was identified that the hazards as weight lift, intense physical effort, heat and biological contamination for corporeal fluids of the patients had been those most significant in the perception of the workers of the SAMU.