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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Antarctic krill oil on zebrafish model of depression. Methods: The zebrafish (Danio rerio) model of depression was induced by 40 mg/L reserpine, and five groups, i.e., blank control group, model group, fluoxetine group, low-dose krill oil group and high-dose krill oil group were investigated and compared, buy using new tank test (NTT) and light dark box test (LDB). The central nervous system serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and systemic cortisol (COR) levels of the five groups were analyzed. Results: Reserpine 40 mg/L caused depressive behavior in zebrafish, while the addition of prawn oil reduced the this behavior, by increasing the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters including 5-HT and DA in the brain and decreasing the levels of MAO-A, IL-6 and TNF-α proinflammatory factors and systemic COR levels. Conclusion: Antarctic krill oil can improve the depression of zebrafish by reducing neuroinflammation and regulating neuroendocrine.

Rhododendron is the largest genus in Ericaceae and is well known for its diversity and beauty of flowers present in different species, making it a much‐revered lineage of ornamental plants. Many species of Rhododendron are intolerant of high temperatures, which are becoming more common and intense in urban areas under global climate change. Therefore, the discovery and description of genes from heat‐tolerant Rhododendron lineages are essential in the development of new climate‐resilient cultivars. One such species known to be heat tolerant is Rhododendron × pulchrum Sweet. To better understand the genomics of heat tolerance in this species, we assembled a haplotype‐resolved and chromosome‐scale genome for R. × pulchrum, which had a genome size of 509 Mb; a scaffold N50 of 37 251 370 bp; and contained 35 610 genes. In addition, based on the same reannotation pipeline, we conducted pan‐genomic analyses for all seven available chromosome‐scale Rhododendron genomes and found 14 415 gene groups shared across all species and 18 018 gene groups distributed in the other species, including 1879 gene groups found in only a single species. Finally, we analyzed the transcriptomic data from heat‐treated and non‐heat‐treated R. × pulchrum plants to quantify the genes that are most important during heat stress in an effort to inform the development of climate‐resilient cultivars. This study provides insight into the genome diversity in Rhododendron and targets several genes related to agronomic traits that may help in further analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data-driven learning of the fractional discrete-time unified system is studied in this paper. A neural network method is suggested in the parameter estimation of fractional discrete-time chaotic systems. An optimization problem is obtained and the famous Adam algorithm is employed to train the neural network's weights and parameters. The parameter estimation result is compared with that of the stepwise response sensitivity approach (SRSA). This paper provides a high accuracy method for parameter inverse problems. The method also can be applied to data-driven learning of other fractional chaotic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rehmannia chingii is an important medicinal plant with immense value in scientific research. However, its mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) has not yet been characterized. Herein, based on whole-genome Illumina short reads and PacBio HiFi reads, we obtained the complete mitogenome of R. chingii through a de novo assembly strategy. We carried out comparative genomic analyses and found that, in comparison with the plastid genome (plastome) showing a high degree of structural conservation, the R. chingii mitogenome structure is relatively complex, showing an intricate ring structure with 16 connections, owing to five repetitive sequences. The R. chingii mitogenome was 783,161 bp with a GC content of 44.8% and contained 77 genes, comprising 47 protein-coding genes (CDS), 27 tRNA genes, and 3 rRNA genes. We counted 579 RNA editing events in 47 CDS and 12,828 codons in all CDSs of the R. chingii mitogenome. Furthermore, 24 unique sequence transfer fragments were found between the mitogenome and plastome, comprising 8 mitogenome CDS genes and 16 plastome CDS genes, corresponding to 2.39% of the R. chingii mitogenome. Mitogenomes had shorter but more collinear regions, evidenced by a comparison of the organelles of non-parasitic R. chingii, hemiparasitic Pedicularis chinensis, and holoparasitic Aeginetia indica in the Orobanchaceae family. Moreover, from non-parasitic to holoparasitic species, the genome size in the mitogenomes of Orobanchaceae species did not decrease gradually. Instead, the smallest mitogenome was found in the hemiparasitic species P. chinensis, with a size of 225,612 bp. The findings fill the gap in the mitogenome research of the medicinal plant R. chingii, promote the progress of the organelle genome research of the Orobanchaceae family, and provide clues for molecular breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: A highly active and stable composite photocatalyst which can be used in practical environmental remediation was developed. Methods: g‐C3N4/SnO2/BiPO4 ternary composites (CN/SO/BPO) were synthesised via simple impregnation, and their texture structure, morphology, and surface composition were deeply characterized. Results: In just 25 min under visible‐light radiation, CN/SO/BPO almost eliminated rhodamine B, and the observed rate constant for the reaction was almost 36 and 3 times higher in comparison to that of CN/BPO and SO/BPO, respectively. Conclusions: On the basis of experimental outcomes and DFT calculation, the direct Z‐type structure of CN/SO/BPO lead to the improved photogenerated charge separation efficiency, as confirmed by surface photovoltage spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and transient photocurrent responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying the factors that cause reproductive isolation and their relative importance in species divergence is crucial to our understanding of speciation processes. In most species, natural selection is commonly considered to play a large role in driving speciation. Based on whole genome re‐sequencing data from 27 Populus alba and 28 Populus adenopoda individuals, we explored the factors related to reproductive isolation of these two closely related species. The results showed that the two species diverged ~5–10 million years ago (Ma), when the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau reached a certain height and the inland climate of the Asian continent became arid. In highly differentiated genomic regions, the relative divergence (FST) and absolute divergence (dxy) were significantly higher than the genomic background, θπ and shared polymorphisms decreased whereas fixed differences increased, which indicated that natural selection played a key role in the reproductive isolation of the two species. In addition, we found several genes that were related to reproduction that may be involved in explaining the reproductive isolation. Using phylogenetic trees resolved from haplotype data of Populus tomentosa and P. adenopoda, the maternal origin of P. tomentosa from P. adenopoda was likely to be located in Hubei and Chongqing Provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stochastic transition behavior of tri-stable states in a fractional-order generalized Van der Pol (VDP) system under multiplicative Gaussian white noise (GWN) excitation is investigated. First, according to the minimal mean square error (MMSE) concept, the fractional derivative can be equivalent to a linear combination of damping and restoring forces, and the original system can be simplified into an equivalent integer-order system. Secondly, the stationary Probability Density Function (PDF) of system amplitude is obtained by stochastic averaging, and based on singularity theory, the critical parameters for stochastic P -bifurcation of the system are found. Finally, the properties of stationary PDF curves of the system amplitude are qualitatively analyzed by choosing the corresponding parameters in each sub-region divided by the transition set curves. The consistency between numerical results obtained by Monte-Carlo simulation and analytical solutions verified the accuracy of the theoretical analysis process and the method used in this paper has a direct guidance in the design of fractional-order controller to adjust the system behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of genomic structural evolution associated with accelerated evolutionary rates that result in avoidance of meltdown and increase biodiversity is becoming ever more possible as the number of available plastomes increases. To more comprehensively analyze rate heterogeneity among monocots and within Poaceae, we sequenced plastomes from four Poaceae species, combined them with publicly available data from ~200 plastomes, and conducted comparative analyses to quantify the pattern of rate heterogeneity between different lineages, functional groups, and periods of evolutionary time. We compared structural differences across the Poaceae to quantify how changes in plastome size correspond to different genomic subunits and the evolution of IR–SC junction boundaries. The substitution rates among ancestral Poaceae were inferred to be exceptionally rapid compared to other monocots but slowed after divergence into extant lineages, which could not be sufficiently explained by positive selection. As such, rapid rates in the ancestral lineage leading to Poaceae might be more closely linked to large‐scale structural changes like the loss of ycf1 and ycf2. The total increase in plastome size across Poaceae was positively correlated with the total length of intergenic spacers, tandem repeats, and dispersed repeats as well as large single copy, and inverted repeats (IRs). The continuous evolution of IR–SC junction boundaries was asynchronous with sizes of total genome and subunits across Poaceae. Future work is needed to better understand what factors in ancestral Poaceae evolved to harness such rapid rates of plastome evolution, avoid a mutational meltdown, and escape the stagnation of strong purifying selection as well as if these factors could be utilized to synthetically control rates. Highlights: Extensive sampling covering all monocotyledonous orders and subfamilies of Poaceae to compare different levels of plastome evolutionary rates heterogeneity.Comprehensively revealed the clade‐specific patterns of plastomes size variations among Poaceae subfamilies.Confirmed the distances of genes to IR–SC boundaries were effective for phylogeny, species identification, and maternal tracing of Poaceae species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective detection and removal of Cr(VI) from various waters still remains a severe challenge. Given the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and photo-induced electron transfer (PET) effect, a few MOFs perform dual-functional fluorescence sensing and photochemical reduction towards Cr(VI). Nevertheless, how to enhance photoluminescence ability and photocatalytic reduction efficiency simultaneously has been rarely studied and reported. Here, a novel dual-emissive platform of Tb@Zr-MOF with high water stability was ingeniously designed by anchoring lanthanide Tb3+ ions in a Zr(IV)-bipyridine framework. Owing to the greatly promoted PET effect, Tb@Zr-MOF exhibits a unique double-enhancement feature compared to the pristine Zr-MOF. After Tb3+ ions were immobilized by carboxyl O atoms, Tb@Zr-MOF emits a typical bright green fluorescence signal of lanthanide metal Tb3+ through the "antenna effect". Notably, Tb@Zr-MOF can be deployed as a self-calibrating photochemical sensor for high-precision fluorescence quenching detection of Cr2O72− ions, showing a rather high Ksv value of 8.093 × 104 M−1 and ultra-low detection limit of 4.03 ppb (17.6 ppb for pristine Zr-MOF). Moreover, the highly efficient PET process combined with an appropriate energy band structure, i.e., the rather negative CB potential confers Tb@Zr-MOF excellent ability to photochemically reduce high-oxidation-state Cr(VI) ions under UV light, with rather a high reduction efficiency of up to 97.5% (1.46 times of pristine Zr-MOF) just within 60 min. Prominently, the highly efficient PET effect from organic modules of Zr-MOF to anchored Tb3+ ions was confirmed by modeling the ground state and excited states of Tb@Zr-MOF using DFT and TD-DFT. This study innovatively combines porous MOFs and the lanthanide metal ion anchoring technique to provide a feasible strategy for improving the existing dual-functional MOF-based fluorescence sensing and photocatalytic platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to fewer conduction devices in operating condition, the bridgeless power factor correction (PFC) converter is more efficient than the traditional PFC circuit. However, to achieve a low output voltage ripple on the DC side, a large electrolytic capacitor must be connected in parallel to the output end. To reduce the value of capacitance, this paper proposes a dual-boost bridgeless PFC converter with a bidirectional buck/boost power decoupling converter in the latter stage. The bidirectional converter absorbs double-line-frequency ripple, lowering the power pulsation at the output end while realizing power decoupling. The one-cycle control is adopted in bridgeless PFC converter, so that the input current can follow the input voltage to achieve power factor correction and decrease harmonic pollution. The power decoupling circuit is designed with a voltage outer loop using PI control and a current inner loop using model predictive current control, which alleviates the output voltage fluctuation caused by the reduction of the capacitance value of the filter capacitor, for the purpose of realizing non-electrolytic capacitor. Finally, the topology and control strategy involved in this paper are simulated and experimented to verify the validity and superiority of the theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the feasibility of producing high‐value products from biomass, the copper‐supported off‐Al H‐Beta zeolite was prepared and used as a catalyst. The 1‐phenyl‐1,2‐ethanediol was chosen as a catalyst, a model molecule of biomass, the reaction mechanism and reaction path of the oxidative cleavage were studied. The variation of concentration for different components and products distribution were obtained under different temperatures. Based on these experimental results, a kinetic model of the reaction system was established, and the kinetic parameters were developed through optimization algorithms. Results show that Brønsted acid and Lewis acid have a synergistic role in the oxidative cleavage of 1,2‐diol. The adding of Cu species can regulate the acidity and acid amount of the catalyst and can effectively improve the C─C bond breaking ability of the catalyst. 1‐phenyl‐1,2‐ethanediol firstly underwent oxidative cleavage to produce benzaldehyde, which further underwent parallel tandem reactions to get benzyl alcohol (BP), methyl benzoate (MB), and benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (BDA), respectively. The highest activation energy is required for the oxidative cleavage reaction in the reaction system, and a higher temperature thus will be needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high-frequency signal injection-type maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) algorithm is usually employed to control the operation of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs). The MTPA algorithm exhibits good dynamic performance and anti-interference ability. However, due to the injection of a high-frequency current signal, problems such as torque ripple and additional loss are encountered. Therefore, in this paper, a virtual signal injection control (VSIC) method that does not require actual injection is proposed for solving the aforementioned problems while yielding good performance. However, in the control process of the proposed method, the d-axis inductance parameter affects the accuracy of the torque information, resulting in errors in the system. To solve this problem, an online identification algorithm of model reference adaptive systems (MRAS) based on the Popov super stability theory as the basis for the design of the adaptive law is proposed in this paper. The d-axis inductance parameter of the motor is obtained in real-time and then introduced into the control system by using the VSIC method. Finally, VSIC-type MTPA control based on inductance identification is realized. The proposed algorithm does not depend on the design parameters of the motor and exhibits good dynamic response and anti-interference performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thalictrum is a phylogenetically and economically important genus in the family Ranunculaceae, but is also regarded as one of the most challengingly difficult in plants for resolving the taxonomical and phylogenetical relationships of constituent taxa within this genus. Here, we sequenced the complete plastid genomes of two Thalictrum species using Illumina sequencing technology via de novo assembly. The two Thalictrum plastomes exhibited circular and typical quadripartite structure that was rather conserved in overall structure and the synteny of gene order. By updating the previously reported plastome annotation of other nine Thalictrum species, we found that the expansion or contraction of the inverted repeat region affect the boundary of the single-copy regions in Thalictrum plastome. We identified eight highly variable noncoding regions— infA-rps8 , ccsA-ndhD , trnSUGA-psbZ , trnHGUG-psbA , rpl16-rps3 , ndhG-ndhI , ndhD-psaC , and ndhJ-ndhK —that can be further used for molecular identification, phylogenetic, and phylogeographic in different species. Selective pressure and codon usage bias of all the plastid coding genes were also analyzed for the 11 species. Phylogenetic relationships showed Thalictrum is monophyly and divided into two major clades based on 11 Thalictrum plastomes. The availability of these plastomes offers valuable genetic information for accurate identification of species and taxonomy, phylogenetic resolution, and evolutionary studies of Thalictrum , and should assist with exploration and utilization of Thalictrum plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]