62,793 results on '"Physics"'
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2. Spatiotemporal evolution of ultrafast photocarrier dynamics across WS2–ReS2 lateral interface.
- Author
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Cui, Qiannan, Li, Yuanyuan, Zhang, He, Chang, Jianhua, Xu, Hua, and Xu, Chunxiang
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HETEROSTRUCTURES , *PHYSICS , *FEMTOSECOND lasers , *ELECTRONS - Abstract
2D lateral heterostructures possess atomically sharp lateral interfaces, while understanding of their ultrafast photocarrier dynamics from a spatiotemporal viewpoint is rather elusive. In this study, we have investigated the spatiotemporal evolution of photocarrier dynamics across the 1D lateral interface of a WS2–ReS2 2D lateral heterostructure utilizing femtosecond laser pump–probe. The nontrivial band offset across the 1D lateral interface markedly mediates the spatiotemporal photocarrier transfer and transport processes. Subsequently, a hole accumulation region on the WS2 side and an electron accumulation region (1DEG) on the ReS2 side have been spatially identified by correlating ultrafast photocarrier signals. The measured width of the unilateral depletion region is 1360 ± 160 nm. Our work has provided substantial insights into mediated photocarrier dynamics in the 2D lateral heterostructure, which will benefit explorations in 2D interfacial physics and 2D lateral optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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3. Understanding layered compounds under high pressure.
- Author
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Pellicer-Porres, J.
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UNIT cell , *VALENCE bands , *COMPRESSIBILITY , *PHYSICS , *ATOMS - Abstract
This Tutorial focuses on the physics of layered compounds under high pressure. We have chosen h-BN and III–VI layered materials as representative materials. h-BN layers are strictly two-dimensional. Layers in III–VI compounds are more complex, and subtle details in their structural behavior play an important role in the evolution of high pressure properties. They are also interesting because they contain a different number of layers in their primitive unit cell and/or have a different ionic character. We begin describing the structural evolution. We discuss the experimental challenges encountered as well as the main findings related to intra- and interlayer compressibility, polytype influence, and geometrical modifications induced by pressure inside the layers. We then describe lattice vibrations. The origin of the modes is reviewed, paying attention to the relationships between atom motions in different layers. We discuss the convenience of redefining the Grüneisen parameter and describe the behavior of rigid layer modes, soft modes, and Davidov pairs. The last section is devoted to the electronic properties. We show that the changes observed when passing from a single layer to a three-dimensional BN are qualitatively similar to those induced by high pressure. The pressure behavior of electronic transitions in III–VI layered compounds is very rich, revealing the subtle balance between intra- and inter-layer interactions. Finally, we take advantage of high pressure studies to explain the formation of the Mexican hat type of valence band at ambient conditions in single layers of InSe and GaSe, but not in three-dimensional compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Sensitivity enhancement of radical-pair magnetoreceptors as a result of spin decoherence.
- Author
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Luo, Jiate
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MAGNETIC fields , *RADICALS (Chemistry) , *MIGRATORY animals , *MAGNETORECEPTION , *ELECTRON spin , *PHYSICS , *GEOMAGNETISM - Abstract
Electron spin relaxation is, on many occasions, considered an elephant in the room that challenges the idea of a radical-pair compass, a leading hypothesis for the navigation of migratory avian species. It has been widely recognized that an effective radical-pair magnetoreceptor requires a relaxation time that is long enough for an external magnetic field as weak as the geomagnetic field to significantly modify the coherent spin dynamics. However, previous studies proposed that certain spin relaxation, far quicker than the radical recombination reactions, could enhance, rather than degrade, the directional sensitivity of a radical-pair magnetoreceptor. Here, I investigate relaxation effects on the singlet–triplet interconversion of a model radical pair and find that the enhancement effect originates from population relaxation over a period of several microseconds as a result of efficient spin decoherence. Insights into the truncated spin systems shed light on the physics behind them. I further investigate the possibilities of such enhancement in cryptochrome-based magnetoreception, in which electron hopping takes place between tryptophan residues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. The structure of water: A historical perspective.
- Author
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Finney, John L.
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CHEMICAL processes , *MOLECULAR structure , *CRYSTALLOGRAPHY , *PHYSICS - Abstract
Attempts to understand the molecular structure of water were first made well over a century ago. Looking back at the various attempts, it is illuminating to see how these were conditioned by the state of knowledge of chemistry and physics at the time and the experimental and theoretical tools then available. Progress in the intervening years has been facilitated by not only conceptual and theoretical advances in physics and chemistry but also the development of experimental techniques and instrumentation. Exploitation of powerful computational methods in interpreting what at first sight may seem impenetrable experimental data has led us to the consistent and detailed picture we have today of not only the structure of liquid water itself and how it changes with temperature and pressure but also its interactions with other molecules, in particular those relevant to water's role in important chemical and biological processes. Much remains to be done in the latter areas, but the experimental and computational techniques that now enable us to do what might reasonably be termed "liquid state crystallography" have opened the door to make possible further advances. Consequently, we now have the tools to explore further the role of water in those processes that underpin life itself—the very prospect that inspired Bernal to develop his ideas on the structure of liquids in general and of water in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Perspective on defect characterization in semiconductors by positron annihilation spectroscopy.
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Makkonen, Ilja and Tuomisto, Filip
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POSITRON annihilation , *SEMICONDUCTOR materials , *SEMICONDUCTOR devices , *SPECTROMETRY , *SEMICONDUCTOR defects , *SEMICONDUCTORS , *PHYSICS , *METAL oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors - Abstract
This Perspective focuses on experimental and theoretical aspects of positron annihilation spectroscopy. This set of methods is highly suitable for identifying and quantifying vacancy-type defects in semiconductors and also allows for analyzing their physics characteristics. We present selected examples from the past decade, where the methods have been used for obtaining timely and useful insights into the defect-controlled phenomenon in narrow-gap (Ge, GaSb) and wide-gap (III-nitride, oxide) semiconductors. We also discuss possible future developments that may allow more detailed studies in novel semiconductor materials and devices with ever more complex lattice structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Quantum computing for chemistry and physics applications from a Monte Carlo perspective.
- Author
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Mazzola, Guglielmo
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QUANTUM computing , *PHYSICS , *STATISTICAL physics - Abstract
This Perspective focuses on the several overlaps between quantum algorithms and Monte Carlo methods in the domains of physics and chemistry. We will analyze the challenges and possibilities of integrating established quantum Monte Carlo solutions into quantum algorithms. These include refined energy estimators, parameter optimization, real and imaginary-time dynamics, and variational circuits. Conversely, we will review new ideas for utilizing quantum hardware to accelerate the sampling in statistical classical models, with applications in physics, chemistry, optimization, and machine learning. This review aims to be accessible to both communities and intends to foster further algorithmic developments at the intersection of quantum computing and Monte Carlo methods. Most of the works discussed in this Perspective have emerged within the last two years, indicating a rapidly growing interest in this promising area of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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8. Haddon's POAV2 vs POAV theory for non-planar molecules.
- Author
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Sabalot-Cuzzubbo, J., Cresson, N., Salvato Vallverdu, G., Bégué, D., and Cresson, J.
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MOLECULES , *PHYSICS - Abstract
In this note, we give a self-contained presentation of the POAV2 theory developed by Haddon to study the alignment of π-orbitals along a non-planar molecule. The classical POAV theory is purely geometric instead of the POAV2 which includes more physics in the computations. We compare the results obtained from the POAV2 and POAV theory. We prove that the difference between the two quantities is in most of the cases negligible. As a consequence, the POAV theory is sufficient for most of the purposes concerning the description of the local π-system of a molecule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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9. Physics of photovoltaic signal modifications in p–n photodiodes.
- Author
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Yuan, Mingrui, Rafailov, Michael K., and Binder, Rolf
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PHOTODIODES , *PHYSICS , *THERMAL equilibrium , *PHOTOVOLTAIC effect , *CARRIER density , *CHARGE carriers - Abstract
The photovoltaic signal is an important characteristic of photodetectors, including but not limited to those that are based on p–n or p–i–n photodiodes. In an open-circuit configuration, pulsed excitation of the detector with ultrafast (femto or nanosecond) pulses leads to a photovoltaic signal that decays slowly (micro-second time scale). If the physics in the detector is dominated by the recombination of the photo-excited charge carriers, one expects the signal to decay without changing its sign. However, some experiments using short-pulse excitation have found that photovoltaic signals can undergo a sign change as a function of time following excitation, with positive signals immediately following the excitation, turning to negative signals several microseconds later. Here, we study various physical effects (density, temperature, electrostriction, pressure, photostriction, and bandgap renormalization) and determine their effect on photovoltaic signals. If, following ultrafast excitation, the carrier density and temperature are increased, and during relaxation the system reaches a state sufficiently close to the quasi-thermal equilibrium in which the carrier density is still elevated, but smaller than the intrinsic thermal equilibrium density at the elevated temperature, then the signal can become negative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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10. Dual-wideband radiating surface using interleaved electric and magnetic currents: Underlying physics and experimental verification.
- Author
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Askarian, Amirhossein, Burasa, Pascal, Yao, Jianping, Lu, Zhenguo, and Wu, Ke
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ELECTRIC currents , *ANTENNA arrays , *ANTENNAS (Electronics) , *PRINTED circuits , *APERTURE antennas , *PHYSICS , *PLANAR antennas , *BEAM steering - Abstract
Unlike popular multiband antenna array radiation based on either electric or magnetic surface currents, the use of mutually interleaved and tightly coupled electric and magnetic currents results in an aperture-reuse space-efficient multiband radiating surface for highly integrated antenna-frontend architecture and spatial power combining design scenarios. In this work, slot and dipole modes corresponding to magnetic and electric currents are effectively interleaved and excited in a surface to develop a space-efficient dual-wideband aperture-shared radiating surface. In this case, due to an effective reuse of the antenna aperture over both frequency bands, a high aperture-reuse efficiency is achieved. First, we devise a planar magneto-electric (ME)-dipole-alike antenna and analyze it in both the frequency and time domain. The antenna is then studied by the characteristic mode theory and the findings are validated using full-wave simulations. The developed planar ME-dipole-alike antenna is used to realize a dual-wideband radiating surface in which electric and magnetic currents are mutually coupled and interlaced, which is excited by properly oriented and distributed sources on the antenna's surface. Eventually, a highly isolated dual-wideband prototype was developed and fabricated using a cost-effective multi-layer Printed Circuit Board (PCB) process that operates in the Ku-band with both impedance and gain bandwidth of approximately 42% and in the Ka-band with respective impedance and gain bandwidth of 29% and 16.32%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Fermionic physics from ab initio path integral Monte Carlo simulations of fictitious identical particles.
- Author
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Dornheim, Tobias, Tolias, Panagiotis, Groth, Simon, Moldabekov, Zhandos A., Vorberger, Jan, and Hirshberg, Barak
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MONTE Carlo method , *STATISTICAL physics , *PATH integrals , *ELECTRON gas , *PHYSICS , *ELECTRON traps , *COMPUTATIONAL physics - Abstract
The ab initio path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) method is one of the most successful methods in statistical physics, quantum chemistry and related fields, but its application to quantum degenerate Fermi systems is severely hampered by an exponential computational bottleneck: the notorious fermion sign problem. Very recently, Xiong and Xiong [J. Chem. Phys. 157, 094112 (2022)] have suggested to partially circumvent the sign problem by carrying out simulations of fictitious systems guided by an interpolating continuous variable ξ ∈ [−1, 1], with the physical Fermi- and Bose-statistics corresponding to ξ = −1 and ξ = 1. It has been proposed that information about the fermionic limit might be obtained by calculations within the bosonic sector ξ > 0 combined with an extrapolation throughout the fermionic sector ξ < 0, essentially bypassing the sign problem. Here, we show how the inclusion of the artificial parameter ξ can be interpreted as an effective penalty on the formation of permutation cycles in the PIMC simulation. We demonstrate that the proposed extrapolation method breaks down for moderate to high quantum degeneracy. Instead, the method constitutes a valuable tool for the description of large Fermi-systems of weak quantum degeneracy. This is demonstrated for electrons in a 2D harmonic trap and for the uniform electron gas (UEG), where we find excellent agreement (∼ 0.5 %) with exact configuration PIMC results in the high-density regime while attaining a speed-up exceeding 11 orders of magnitude. Finally, we extend the idea beyond the energy and analyze the radial density distribution (2D trap), as well as the static structure factor and imaginary-time density–density correlation function (UEG). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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12. Enumeration of Moiré patterns of a hexagonal twisted bilayer: Applications to intercalated transition metals.
- Author
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Ciesler, Matthew, West, Damien, and Zhang, Shengbai
- Subjects
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TRANSITION metals , *RIESZ spaces , *BORON nitride , *TRANSITION metal oxides , *SUPERCONDUCTIVITY , *INTEGERS , *PHYSICS - Abstract
A real-space method using generating integers is used to determine possible commensurate lattice Moiré patterns for a bilayer of two equal hexagonal lattices, which can in principle be extended to lattice mismatched bilayers. These Moiré patterns can be classified by a pair of relatively prime integers (n , m) , wherein a rotation θ (n , m) of the top hexagonal lattice maps its lattice vector (n , m) to (m , n) of the bottom lattice. Within this formulation, the area of the commensurate supercell is proportional to (n 2 + m 2 + n m) and the number of coincident lattice sites per supercell is given by (n − m) 2. Taking bilayer boron nitride (BN) as an example, we present how to systematically generate Moiré patterns and explore the differences in local chemistry in the interstitial region by impurity intercalation. Systematic calculations of the properties of intercalated 3d transition metals were performed in an h-BN (4 , 3) bilayer, corresponding to a rotation of 9.43 degrees. These calculations reveal that local symmetry in the intercalated region significantly affect the energetics and magnetization of the intercalated species. These results highlight that Moiré pattern physics is not limited to optoelectronic/electronic phenomena, such as interfacial exciton formation or magic angle superconductivity, but it also produces chemical and magnetic atomic site selectivity, which may play important roles in adsorption, catalysis, or quantum information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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13. A physics investigation on impedance matching theory in microwave absorption film—Part I. Theory.
- Author
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Liu, Ying, Drew, Michael G. B., and Liu, Yue
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IMPEDANCE matching , *PHYSICS , *MICROWAVES , *ABSORPTION , *FILM theory , *MATCHING theory - Abstract
The mechanism for microwave absorption in a film has previously been numerically verified from the theoretical formula for RL and attributed to angular and amplitude effects with a simple geometrical representation from energy conservation unique to the film. Starting from the case where |RL| = 0, using basic transmission-line theory and mathematics, it is confirmed theoretically here that the mechanism for absorption mechanism in a film, responsible for the minima of the reflection loss RL/dB, is best explained by wave cancelation theory rather than by impedance matching theory. This theoretical proof also reveals that the mechanisms for a film and material are different. The flaws of neglecting the phase effects of interfaces in a film in quarter-wavelength theory are also quantitatively discussed from transmission-line theory. Contrary to the theory held currently, the reported minima of RL/dB originate from phase effects in the film rather than from the resonance peaks for the intrinsic frequencies of a material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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14. A physics investigation on impedance matching theory in microwave absorption film. II. Problem analyses.
- Author
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Liu, Ying, Drew, Michael G. B., and Liu, Yue
- Subjects
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IMPEDANCE matching , *MATCHING theory , *PHYSICS , *ENERGY conservation , *ABSORPTION - Abstract
In Part I of this work published previously, it was proved from the transmission-line theory that impedance matching (IM) theory should be replaced by wave cancellation theory, film is different from the material, and the phase effects from interfaces should be considered in quarter wavelength theory. In this Part, it is shown that energy penetration for a film cannot be defined and IM is flawed because it cannot be proved theoretically or shown to be consistent with experimental data. The multi-absorption peaks in a film originate from wave cancellation under the constraint of energy conservation rather than from the resonances from the material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. A simulation study on colloid diffusion under time-varying optical potentials.
- Author
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Yücel, Harun
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MOMENTUM transfer , *PARTICLE tracks (Nuclear physics) , *PHYSICS , *COLLOIDS - Abstract
With its momentum transfer, light is a primary tool for manipulating microscale objects in various research fields, including physics, chemistry, and biology. Optical force fields, also known as energy landscapes, play a crucial role in manipulating micro- and nano-sized objects, enabling the sorting of mixed micro-sized particles. This study investigates the effect of time-varying periodic optical fields created by a structured light illumination technique on the diffusion motion of micro-sized colloidal particles suspended in a liquid. A simulation code is developed to calculate the optical force acting on particles due to any time-varying optical force field. Simulations are performed to produce trajectories of particles of different sizes suspended in a liquid for different illumination patterns. The results show that the average velocities of the particles depend on the projected optical pattern parameters and that mixtures of particles of different sizes can be separated using time-varying sequential patterns, thereby improving particle separation resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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16. STEAM in physics learning over the last 5 years: Bibliometric analysis.
- Author
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Aziz, Nabeela Rahma Noor, Wibowo, Firmanul Catur, and Nasbey, Hadi
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BIBLIOMETRICS , *PHYSICS education , *PHYSICS , *CREATIVE thinking , *DATABASE management software - Abstract
STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) is an approach that has emerged to address the demand for strong creative thinking. STEAM is an educational approach that seeks to integrate various scientific disciplines in physics learning to promote deep understanding and innovative thinking. This research method is quantitative using bibliometrics, which aims to analyze the development of STEAM in physics learning over the last 5 years. Specifically, STEAM metadata obtained from Scopus was then analyzed in the R Software database, with a focus on identifying the Annual Scientific Production, Average Citation Per Year, Source Production Over Time, Affiliations' Production Over Time, Country Production Over Time, and Trend Topics sections. The research results show that research in STEAM-based physics learning shows a significant increase in scientific production. Although average citations have fluctuated, contributions by institutions and countries have also increased, reflecting increased interest in developing STEAM approaches. These data confirm the positive potential of the STEAM approach in improving the quality of physics education and promoting the diversity of research contributors. It can be concluded that STEAM-based physics learning has received significant attention in the last 5 years and shows positive developments and potential to improve the quality of education in this discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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17. Student argumentation skill in physics learning: Bibliometric analysis.
- Author
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Rahma, Amelia, Wibowo, Firmanul Catur, and Budi, Esmar
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BIBLIOMETRICS , *STATISTICAL learning , *PHYSICS education , *PHYSICS conferences , *CRITICAL thinking , *PHYSICS - Abstract
Skills needed in the 21st century include critical thinking, communication, collaboration and creativity which can be developed through argumentation skills. Argumentation skills are very important for students to understand scientific concepts. Argumentation can be defined as the process of making claims and obtaining justification for the claims accompanied by evidence. The aim of this research is to analyze the distribution of journal research results, especially in publications, countries with the most publications, affiliates with the most publications and relevant journals that are very influential. The research method used is bibliometric analysis to provide graphic information, tables, diagrams and maps regarding statistical descriptions of literature from 45 articles published in reputable international journals that correlate with the theme of critical thinking skills in physics learning from 2007 to 2023. Results of the analysis shows that in 2019 the most publications were published with 12 articles published. Based on the countries that contributed to publishing articles related to argumentation skills in the field of physics education, most of the publications were contributed by authors from Indonesia, with 66 research published. Based on affiliation, Malang State University is the affiliate with the highest contribution, with 10 articles. This shows that this university has a significant impact. Meanwhile, based on the contribution of relevant sources, journals from the Journal of Physics Conference Series were ranked first with a total of 24 journals. This shows that the Journal of Physics: Conference Series has a significant impact on research. This source has become the center of attention in research related to the topic of argumentation abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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18. Physics edutainment: Improving conceptual understanding of students.
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Astra, I. Made, Henukh, Anderias, and Uskenat, Kristina
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- *
EDUCATIONAL entertainment , *JUDGMENT sampling , *PHYSICS , *RESEARCH personnel , *SAMPLING (Process) , *STUDENTS , *CONCEPT mapping - Abstract
Teachers need to use technology to make classroom learning more conducive and enjoyable. Understanding concepts serves as the foundation for teaching physics and can assist students in solving abstract difficulties. Students' conceptual knowledge can be increased by engaging in stimulating and enjoyable learning. Physics edutainment is physics learning that can help children in developing all abilities and skills, both physical and spiritual, through pleasant knowledge in a safe environment. The objective of this study is to examine the potential enhancement in students' understanding of physics principles following the implementation of the physics-edutainment e-module. The researchers employed a purposive sampling technique to gather a research sample comprising 26 students for a pre-experiment utilizing a one-group pretest-posttest design. Questionnaires and 15-question student concept comprehension exams were implemented to collect data. The data analysis obtained from 24 students provided 86.6% with the feasible category and n-gain test results of 0.58 with the variety of increasing students' conceptual understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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19. Bibliometric analysis related to culture-based physics learning to improve critical thinking ability.
- Author
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Aisah, Siti Nur, Sunarti, Titin, Prahani, Binar Kurnia, Habibbulloh, Muhammad, Deta, Utama Alan, Wibowo, Firmanul Catur, and Sanjaya, Lari Andres
- Subjects
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BIBLIOMETRICS , *CRITICAL thinking , *PHYSICS education , *PHYSICS conferences , *SOFTWARE measurement , *PHYSICS - Abstract
This study employs bibliometric analysis to examine scientific research trends in culture-based physics learning from 2010 to 2023, using a dataset of 305 documents from the Scopus database processed via VOSviewer software. It reveals a fluctuating trajectory in scientific publications on culture-based physics learning, with a recent upsurge. Indonesia emerges as the leading contributor, with institutions like Yogyakarta State University and Bengkulu University among the top ten globally. Then, visualizing research trends on culture-based learning produces three main groups: (1) culture with physics, (2) Elements that influence research on culture-based physics learning, (3) Culture-based physics learning about the data collection process, and a secondary cluster: culture-based physics learning related to its supporting elements. Based on the results of the ranking of the journals that have contributed the most to research, namely the Journal of Physics Conference Series. These findings offer valuable insights into global trends in culture-based physics education, providing guidance for future research directions. Researchers can leverage this analysis to understand the evolving landscape of culture-based physics learning globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Bibliometric analysis related higher order thinking skills (HOTS) in physics.
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Putri, Shelvia Junita, Habibbulloh, Muhammad, Suliyanah, and Hidaayatullaah, Hasan Nuurul
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BIBLIOMETRICS , *CRITICAL thinking , *LEARNING , *PHYSICS , *PROBLEM solving , *CONCEPT mapping - Abstract
Higher-order thinking skills are the ability of students to interpret their knowledge in solving a problem through the process of analysis, and evaluation to create ideas from the problems presented. This study aims to discover the development of the number of publications, the VOSviewer visualization, and the co-authorship mapping on higher-order thinking skills in physics from 2014-2023. Bibliometric analysis using the Scopus database for the keyword "Higher Order Thinking Skills in Physics" was analyzed using VOSviewer and Microsoft Excel. It was concluded that research with higher-order thinking skills in physics from 2014 to 2020 experienced an increase, then decreased from 2021 to 2023. The VOSviewer visualization on the Network visualization display forms 4 clusters. Dominated by keyword orders and HOTS. In Overlay visualization, the latest trends are content, learning processes, data analysis techniques, student worksheets, and physics concepts. Density visualization has an area mapping where the yellow indicates that research is often done on the keyword, while the blue indicates the keyword is not researched much. In the co-authorship mapping, Indonesia has the most research, with authors dominated by Setiawan A and Suhandi A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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21. Development of sound resonance measuring tools Android based sound level meter (SLM) as a physics demonstration tool.
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Desysetyowati, Novita, Mudrikah, Ikah, Lintangesukmanjaya, Rahmatta Thoriq, Arrahmat, M. Wahdiansyah, Dwikoranto, and Suprapto, Nadi
- Subjects
- *
MEASURING instruments , *RESONANCE , *SOUND waves , *PHYSICS , *WIRELESS sound systems , *SOUND systems - Abstract
This study aimed to develop sound resonance measuring tools for an Android-based Sound Level Meter as an innovation in physics experimental tools in learning. This tool is designed to facilitate students' understanding of sound waves and sound resonance through interactive experiments. The resonance tube is the main component combined with the SLM Android microphone, sound system, wireless probe, and audio generator. This study evaluates the feasibility of the device through practical trials, which involve measuring the frequency and intensity of sound in a resonant tube. Practicum results data show that there is a significant increase in sound intensity along with an increase in frequency. This is consistent with the theory that frequency and intensity are directly proportional. However, the measurement results are also affected by factors such as the cross-sectional area of the resonant tube, the amplitude, and the material used. Based on this feasibility test, the SLM Android-based sound resonance tube measuring instrument was declared ready to be used in school physics learning. Thus, the SLM Android-based resonant tube measuring instrument is expected to increase the effectiveness of physics learning and provide a more exciting learning experience for students at school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Bibliometric analysis of implementation Indonesian local wisdom in physics learning during 1986–2023.
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Utami, Putri Lintang, Suprapto, Nadi, Hidaayatullaah, Hasan Nuurul, Prahani, Binar Kurnia, Hariyono, Eko, Wibowo, Firmanul Catur, and Sanjaya, Lari Andres
- Subjects
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BIBLIOMETRICS , *WISDOM , *PHYSICS , *CULTURAL values , *PHYSICS research , *DOCUMENT clustering - Abstract
Indonesia is a multicultural country with various local wisdom that can be integrated into physics learning. The purpose of this study is (1) to Analyze the distribution of Indonesian local wisdom in physics learning research, (2) to Analyze the research network and visualization of Indonesian local wisdom in physics learning research, and the contribution of local wisdom in physics learning (3) Analyze author collaboration and top counties Indonesian local wisdom in physics learning research. The bibliometric analysis uses VOSviewer with Scopus database in the 1986-2023 period. The result showed that researchers are more interested in publishing their articles at international conferences. The most chosen conferences and journals are UPINCASE 2020 and JPCS, with the most publishers being IoP Publishing and the most productive authors being Kuswanto H. and Misbah M. Research trends related to Indonesian local wisdom in physics learning increased in 2017-2020 the number of publications and the highest number of citations in 2017 and 2019 with articles that were trending from Indonesian authors "The development of physics teaching materials based on local wisdom to train Saraba Kawa characters." The integration of local wisdom of physics learning can be divided into three parts: content, learning material, and learning media. Author collaboration about physics and local wisdom can be divided into 5 clusters, and Indonesia is the most productive country in publishing documents. The recommended research about physics local wisdom is the content survey about cultural value in local wisdom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. The physics of Gamelan: A study of sound concept in traditional art.
- Author
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Damarsha, Adrian Bagas, Niza, Alvin Khoirun, Fitriyah, Lailatul, Deta, Utama Alan, Suliyanah, and Saputra, Oka
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ACOUSTICS , *SOUND waves , *PHYSICS , *WAVES (Physics) , *CULTURAL values - Abstract
This study aims to analyze the relationship between the local wisdom of gamelan (saron) and the concept of physics on sound waves and analyze the material's effect in gamelan on sound scales and resonance. This qualitative research conducted structured interviews with informants and analyzed the data obtained. In this article, the physics concept contained in the gamelan (saron) is obtained, namely the concept of sound waves. In gamelan, when hitting a blade after being hit, the saron blades are depicted so that the sound is not humming and the tone is clear. It is also related to the material for making saron which affects the sound produced or sound quality. Each blade or scale on the saron is different from the thinnest to the thickest. This article concluded that gamelan is related to physics learning, namely sound waves. The materials and ladder blades in the saron affect the sound quality. Gamelan teaches Javanese cultural values as a benchmark for the height or civilisation of a nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Fluid concept analysis of physics local wisdom on "Larung Sembonyo".
- Author
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Rizkina, Muthiara N., Suprapto, Nadi, Admoko, Setyo, and Hidaayatullaah, Hasan Nuurul
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OCEAN waves , *WATER currents , *MARICULTURE , *PHYSICS , *WISDOM - Abstract
In Indonesia, many regions have traditions that are called customs or local wisdom. This study aims to analyse the concept of fluid physics in the Javanese local wisdom tradition known as "Larung Sembonyo". It is a community tradition that is carried out as an expression of gratitude, a request for smooth farming and abundant marine products. The concept of fluid physics that dominates in this tradition is Archimedes' law. Besides that, other concepts that support the course of this tradition are sea waves, effort, and energy. The method used in this research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. The analysis was carried out by identifying the concepts of fluid physics contained in Larung Sembonyo and explaining the relationship between these physics concepts and aspects of tradition. Relevant physics concepts include the buoyant force that keeps the boat afloat on the surface of the water, boat motion that is affected by water currents, and boat stability in preventing overturning or overturning during the launching process. This understanding can help appreciate aspects of physics in local wisdom traditions and relate them to more general physics knowledge. This research can also provide new insights into how physics concepts are applied in the context of local culture and traditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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25. Contemporary physics topic interest of students in primary school.
- Author
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Pršin, Aleš and Pavlin, Jerneja
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SCHOOL children , *STUDENT interests , *PHYSICS , *LIQUID crystals - Abstract
The paper presents a study of students' interest in science and the identification of interesting topics not covered in physics classes. 136 8th and 9th grade students from a particular primary school in Slovenia participated in the survey. The results show that primary school students find it interesting to learn about contemporary physics. Gender and interest in science influence students' choices of what topics they find interesting and their responses to lessons on the selected most interesting topic in physics. Specifically, of the seven proposed topics briefly presented to the students (radioactivity, liquid crystals, physics in medicine, astronomy, energy sources, technical devices, and hydrogels), radioactivity proved to be the most interesting. Most students would like to learn more about the findings of contemporary physics, while one in three students would like to take an elective. For female students, physics in medicine ranked first in interest, while for male students, radioactivity ranked first. Students found school lessons on radioactivity interesting. The results indicate that students want to learn about the content of contemporary physics and that such topics are more attractive to them than the content of regular physics classes, which is also shown in the evaluation of the most popular topic, radioactivity. The research indirectly appeals to teachers to include contemporary physics topics in physics classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
26. General overview of the device and physical component of a DC electromagnet.
- Author
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Abdurakhmonov, Sultonali, Xolmatov, Erkinjon, Sayitov, Shavkat, Otakulov, Bahromjon, Aliyev, Ibratjon, Abdullayev, Jamolitdin, and Oxunov, Dilshod
- Subjects
- *
ELECTROMAGNETIC forces , *ELECTROMAGNETISM , *ELECTROMAGNETS , *PHYSICS - Abstract
The paper considers issues related to the theoretical study of electromagnetic phenomena in a certain stationary coordinate system in various variations. The use of electromagnetic force, controlled, easy to handle, which is applicable in a wide variety of sites and devices. The main attention is directed to the analysis of a number of phenomena from the simplest electrical moments, and also in a more complex understanding are presented as the forces of the most powerful attraction, expressed as a very topical issue. It is these aspects that are considered in this study. Of course, the image of such a performance is precisely the electromagnetic design, the physics of which is built from the initial ideas about electromagnetism. The developed theoretical framework is also used to analyze a large number of phenomena, each of which requires its own analysis in all parameters. The description of the algorithm created at the moment is given in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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27. A review of various misconceptions in physics learning.
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Listianingrum, Serly Anggraini, Kuswanto, Heru, Mundilarto, and Dwandaru, Wipsar Sunu Brams
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- *
HIGH school seniors , *PHYSICS , *PHYSICAL constants - Abstract
Misconceptions were one of the problems in understanding physics concepts at the elementary, junior, senior high schools, and even college levels. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the misconceptions that occur in physics learning. The method used in this study was literature study. The analysis technique used in this study was comparing the strenghts and weaknesses of the articles obtained. In this case, 10 articles were found and used from 2012 to 2019. The results showed that students' understanding of physics topics were still very low, which was due to initial misconceptions. The topics that were still frequently contain misconception included physical quantity and unit, mechanics, work and energy, electricity, optics, and magnetism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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28. Application of physics e-module based on flipped learning to increase conceptual understanding.
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Ndoa, Yohana Atwina Aspiranti and Jumadi
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- *
CONCEPT learning , *SET theory , *PHYSICS , *MATHEMATICS - Abstract
Face-to-face learning in schools is carried out on a limited basis by the provisions and permission of parents. Teachers can apply flipped learning models in current teaching. The flipped learning is supplied by a physics e-module. This study aims to investigate whether flipped learning-based physics e-modules may benefit students in studying quantities and measurements. The type of this research is pre-experimental with one group pretest-posttest design. Students of class X Mathematics and Natural Sciences in Wolowae Indonesia are involved in applied physics learning with physics e-module. Data were collected using a conceptual understanding test, namely pretest and posttest. The pretest and posttest data were analyzed using statistical tests and N-Gain tests. The results showed that the implementation of learning with flipped learning-based physics e-module showed kind results. Learning with physics e-module can increase the conceptual understanding of class X students, especially in quantity and measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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29. The development of 2D augmented reality integrated physics e-worksheet to improve mathematical representation ability.
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Dewi, Poppy Sari, Suryanto, Rosalita Anggi, and Kuswanto, Heru
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- *
MATHEMATICAL ability , *HIGH school seniors , *AUGMENTED reality , *PHYSICS - Abstract
This research aimed to produce an integrated 2D augmented reality physics e-worksheet that is feasible to be developed in physics learning on momentum and impulse material and to improve student's mathematical representation ability. This was a research and development (R&D) with a 4D model (define, design, develop, and disseminate) method. Sampling in this study were students of class X MIPA 5 (as a limited test class) and X MIPA 3 (as broad test class) at Public Senior High School 1 Sedayu. The conclusion of this research was that learning physics using the integrated Augmented Reality 2D physics e-worksheet media was feasible to be developed based on the results of the validation carried out with a value of 4.3 in the very good category. The media can improve student's mathematical representation ability by the normalized gain value in the limited test class of 0.62 (medium category) and in the broad test class of 0.71 (high category). This learning media is feasible to be used in distance learning and face-to-face learning conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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30. Development of physics worksheet with discovery learning-stem to improve student problem solving skills.
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Patappa, Ahmad Risal, Prasetyo, Zuhdan Kun, and Rahmanto, Toni
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- *
STOCHASTIC learning models , *PROBLEM solving , *VOCATIONAL high schools , *LEARNING by discovery , *DEEP learning , *PHYSICS , *STUDENT development - Abstract
This paper aims to develop a student worksheet with a discovery learning-STEM model on dynamic electric material to build on students' problem-solving skills in YAPPI Wonosari Vocational High school. The method used is R&D with a 4-D model that includes defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. The instruments used include validation sheets and tests—data in a physics worksheet to improve students' problem-solving skills. This study's data collection methods contain expert validation, observation, pre-test, and post-test—the data analysis using the sign test. The results showed that 1) the development of student worksheets with discovery learning-STEM on dynamic electric material was feasible in terms of the validation results. This can be seen from the results of validation that show the feasibility of physics worksheets for improving problem-solving skills is in the excellent category, and 2) the effectiveness of using physics worksheet with discovery learning-STEM based on data obtained from the pre-test and post-test results can improve problem-solving skills as a problem in the implementation class. Thus, student worksheet developed with discovery learning STEM is compatible with improving problem-solving skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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31. Development of physics module based problem based learning for electrical engineering students.
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Qamariah, Hiliadi, Wardiani, and Nurkamilia
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- *
PROBLEM-based learning , *ENGINEERING students , *ELECTRICAL engineering , *CRONBACH'S alpha , *PHYSICS , *COMPUTER engineering - Abstract
This research was aims to determine physic module included: a) described of physics modules-based problem-solving skills and b) showed validation of physics modules. This research was research and development that used Alessi and Trollip model included plan, design, and developtment. This subject of this research was electrical engineering students in Banjarmasin State Polytechnic who received learning material of Fisika Terapan. The data collection technique was observation and validation of module. The instrument used non-test instrument namely an observation sheet and validation sheet that used likert scale. This research has only at the development stage that was validation test by validators. There are 63 students as samples to get pleminary data. The validation of physics modul has using nontest instrument that has provided an assessment of material and media aspect. Analysis of validity has used the average scores of valdator then that was described by existing categories. Analysis of reliability has used Alpha Cronbach with SPSS program. The results of this research showed: a) They are 37 students of 63 students who filled out a questionnarie that showed never do practicum of physics, so physics module based on problem solving skills was developt. Every stage on problem-based learning had facilitated on module which can be run in smartphone, b) the average score of validators in material aspects has obtained the average value 4.50 (very good category) with reliability index 0.833 that means physics module has reliabel. the average score of validators in media aspects has obtained the everage value 4.14 (good category) with reliability index 0.714 that means physics module is reliabel. Based on the result, physics module can be disseminated for electrical engineering students who received learning material in Applied Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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32. Development of electronic-based physics worksheets with STSE approach to improve high school students' literacy skills.
- Author
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Imanzha, Khairunnisa Fahrina, Jumadi, and Rosana, Dadan
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- *
HIGH school students , *SCIENTIFIC literacy , *SOUND waves , *LITERACY , *PHYSICS - Abstract
This study aims to produce an electronic-based physics worksheets with the STSE (science, technology, society, and environment) approach to improve scientific literacy of high school students on sound wave material and knowing whether there is a significant effect of using this product to improve scientific literacy skills. The research method used is R&D with a 4D model and one group pretest-posttest design. The research population was 34 high school students in class XI. Data collection instruments used were pretest-posttest assessment sheets for students and product assessment questionnaires for experts. Based on the research results a product with very high category is obtained based on validators. And for the average pretest score is 22.4. Meanwhile, the posttest average value is 72.23 and it is known that the N gain value is 0.63, which is in the category quite effective for improving scientific literacy skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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33. The development of contextual teaching and learning based physics e-book to improve students mathematical representation skill on simple harmonic oscillation.
- Author
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Latumakulita, Ivandra Immanuela, Fitriadi, Prasetyo, and Supahar
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- *
HARMONIC oscillators , *CONTEXTUAL learning , *ELECTRONIC books , *HIGH school seniors , *INTEGRATED learning systems , *PHYSICS , *SOCIAL classes - Abstract
This research aims to produce an integrated physics e-book based on a contextual teaching and learning model that can be developed in physics learning on simple harmonic oscillation and improve students' mathematical representation skills. This research is an R and D with 4D models (define, design, develop and disseminate). The design of this research used pre-experimental with one group pretest-posttest. The samples of this research consisted of 26 students in Social Sciences class X as implementation class and 17 students in Natural Sciences class X as a modelling class at one of the Senior High Schools in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The result of this research is the development of an integrated physics e-book with contextual teaching and learning models on simple harmonic oscillation topics suitable for use in physics learning with an average value of 3.75 in the excellent category. In addition, e-book media can improve students' mathematical representation skills with a value of sig (2-tailed) were 0.00 less than 0.05 in the modelling and implementation classes. This research can be used to implement online and offline learning in schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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34. Simple vertical upward motion experiment using smartphone based phyphox app for physics learning.
- Author
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Janah, Nurul Miftakhul, Ishafit, and Dwandaru, Wipsar Sunu Brams
- Subjects
- *
VERTICAL motion , *ACCELERATION (Mechanics) , *TABLE tennis , *PHYSICS , *MOBILE apps - Abstract
A simple experiment of vertical upward motion had been carried out using the smartphone-based Phyphox application (Phyphox app) and a ping-pong ball. A special feature of the Phyphox app utilized in this experiment was the acoustic stopwatch. This feature can measure the time duration between two sound signals using the sensor in the smartphone. This simple experiment coould be used for physics learning or practicum at the high school level. Because of its simplicity, this experiment could be conducted in long distance learning, especially in this pandemic situation. The objectives in this study were i) conducting an experiment of vertical upward motion using the Phyphox app and a ping-pong ball, ii) producing a graph of the height vs time (h vs t) for the vertical upward motion of the ping-pong ball, iii) determining the acceleration of gravity (g) from the h vs t graph, and iv) determining the initial speed (vo) of the ping-pong ball from the h vs t graph. The experiment was done by flicking the ping-pong ball from a height of h until it hit the surface of a book. The Phyphox app then measured the time of the ping-pong from being flicked until it hit the book. In this case, h was varied and the time duration of the ping-pong ball was determined. The experiment of vertical upaward motion of a ping-pong ball using the Phyhox app had produced a graph of h vs t. The results showed that g was obtained with a value of 10.1 m/s2 with a relative error of 3% and the vo of the ping-pong ball was 4.2 m/s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Literature review: Physics practicum during the Covid-19 pandemic.
- Author
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Octafiona, Era, Pangestu, Rezky Andika, Jamaluddin, Wan, Saregar, Antomi, Koderi, Anugrah, Adyt, and Fitri, Megawati Ridwan
- Subjects
- *
COVID-19 pandemic , *LITERATURE reviews , *PHYSICS , *DIGITAL media - Abstract
A Literature Study of Physics Practicum of Easy Experiments from Home During the Covid-19 Pandemic was performed to determine how physics practicum was conducted online during the Covid-19 pandemic. The data in this journal study is derived from pertinent theoretical research from the PoP (Pubhlis Or Peris) application. According to the research, physics practicum can be completed online by completing Virtual Labs and simple experiments from home. The results of the Literature Review Study reveal that physics practicum is done in 3 methods, namely planning, implementation, and reporting, by completing basic experiments from home with supplies and procedures produced and established by the teacher. Physics practicum with Virtual Laboratories and experiments from home is a practicum solution that can be done during the covid-19 pandemic by utilizing electronic media and simple media that are easily obtained from home and can be made into simple practicum experiments from home during the covid-19 pandemic. This practicum is a solution for applying how to grasp physics concepts and content through practicum and is especially ideal for use during the Covid 19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) approach in physics learning: Meta-analysis study.
- Author
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Rahmatika, Zahrah, Wiliyanti, Vandan, Diani, Rahma, Daenuri, Edi, and Putri, Clara Ayu Shandra Ade
- Subjects
- *
DATABASES , *MATHEMATICS , *PHYSICS , *ENGINEERING , *EDUCATIONAL attainment - Abstract
Learning based on the Science, Technology, Engineering, And Mathematics (STEM) approach is increasingly popular with technological developments in this era. This study aims to see the influence of the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Approach in physics learning, as well as the feasibility of using STEM at the educational level. The method used in this study is quantitative descriptive with meta-analysis techniques. The population in this study was taken from the Web of Science (WOS) data base, DOAJ Journal, and SCOPUS journal. Until 196 articles were obtained related to the STEM approach in physics learning, by combining keywords from the SCOPUS database of 123 articles, the DOAJ database of 68 articles, and in the WoS database (Web of Science) as many as 5 research articles. The research was conducted by utilizing JASP as a research tool. Overall results are obtained with an estimated effect size of 0.891 (large effect category). This shows that the STEM approach can have a positive influence on physics learning as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. The chemical physics of electrode-electrolyte interfaces.
- Author
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Dawlaty, Jahan M., Perkin, Susan, Salanne, Mathieu, and Willard, Adam P.
- Subjects
- *
CHOLINE chloride , *PHYSICS , *EUTECTICS , *CHEMICAL processes , *OXIDATION of formic acid , *ELECTRIC double layer , *POLAR molecules , *CHEMICAL energy - Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
38. Chemical physics of controlled wettability and super surfaces.
- Author
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Brito, Carolina, Butt, Hans-Jürgen, and Giacomello, Alberto
- Subjects
- *
CONTACT angle , *PHYSICS , *WETTING , *PHASE transitions , *SATURATION vapor pressure , *SOLUTION (Chemistry) , *HYSTERESIS - Abstract
Large contact angle hysteresis surfaces were the topic of a contribution in Ref. [19]. They address the relation between vapor of a liquid, a finite contact angle, and a possible wetting transition at saturation vapor pressure. In Ref. [15], the authors apply surfaces with low contact angle hysteresis to the evaporation of drops of salt solutions. Low contact angle hysteresis implies that contact lines or sessile drops move without much resistance. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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39. Electroporation from mitochondria to cell clusters: Model development toward analyzing electrically driven bioeffects over a large spatial range.
- Author
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Milestone, W., Baker, C., Garner, A. L., and Joshi, R. P.
- Subjects
- *
ELECTROPORATION , *MITOCHONDRIA , *BACILLUS (Bacteria) , *ORGANELLES , *MICROMETERS , *PHYSICS , *CELL culture , *COGNITIVE computing - Abstract
A general, self-consistent scheme for analyzing cellular electroporation for bio-medical applications is developed to probe realistic biological shapes and different length scales ranging from nanometers to hundreds of micrometers. The COMSOL Multiphysics suite is used with suitable embellishments to incorporate the details of the electroporation (EP) process and the inherent internal physics. The results are obtained for the voltage pulse driven electroporation for a Jurkat cell with mitochondria (as an example organelle) where spatial dimensions on the order of a few nanometers become important, to hundreds of cells (with Bacillus as an example) where collective effects and mutual interactions can dominate. Thus, scalable computing to generalized geometries with the ability to include complex organelles is made available. The results obtained for mitochondrial EP in Jurkat cells compare well with available data. In addition, quantitative predictions of field attenuation and shielding in Bacillus clusters are made, which point to highly nonuniform field distributions and a strong need to engineer novel electrode designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Power law in a bounded range: Estimating the lower and upper bounds from sample data.
- Author
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Zhou, Huan-Xiang
- Subjects
- *
INDEPENDENT variables , *SAMPLE size (Statistics) , *GEOPHYSICS , *PHYSICS - Abstract
Power law distributions are widely observed in chemical physics, geophysics, biology, and beyond. The independent variable x of these distributions has an obligatory lower bound and, in many cases, also an upper bound. Estimating these bounds from sample data is notoriously difficult, with a recent method involving O(N3) operations, where N denotes sample size. Here I develop an approach for estimating the lower and upper bounds that involve O(N) operations. The approach centers on calculating the mean values, x ̂ min and x ̂ max , of the smallest x and the largest x in N-point samples. A fit of x ̂ min or x ̂ max as a function of N yields the estimate for the lower or upper bound. Application to synthetic data demonstrates the accuracy and reliability of this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. A double-hybrid density functional based on good local physics with outstanding performance on the GMTKN55 database.
- Author
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Becke, Axel D., Santra, Golokesh, and Martin, Jan M. L.
- Subjects
- *
DATABASES , *DENSITY functionals , *PHYSICS , *DENSITY , *THERMOCHEMISTRY - Abstract
In two recent papers [A. D. Becke, J. Chem. Phys. 156, 214101 (2022) and A. D. Becke, J. Chem. Phys. 157, 234102 (2022)], we compared two Kohn–Sham density functionals based on physical modeling and theory with the best density-functional power-series fits in the literature. The best error statistics reported to date for a hybrid functional on the general main-group thermochemistry, kinetics, and noncovalent interactions (GMTKN55) chemical database of Goerigk et al. [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 19, 32184 (2017)] were obtained. In the present work, additional second-order perturbation-theory terms are considered. The result is a 12-parameter double-hybrid density functional with the lowest GMTKN55 WTMAD2 "weighted total mean absolute deviation" error (1.76 kcal/mol) yet seen for any hybrid or double-hybrid density-functional approximation. We call it "DH23." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Scaling and universality in the temporal occurrence of repeating FRBs.
- Author
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Du, Yan-Qi, Wang, Ping, Song, Li-Ming, and Xiong, Shao-Lin
- Subjects
- *
NEUTRON stars , *HELIOSEISMOLOGY , *EARTHQUAKES , *SOLAR radio bursts , *PHYSICS , *SOLAR flares ,UNIVERSE - Abstract
Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) are energetic phenomena that have significant implications for understanding fundamental physics and the Universe. Recent observations of FRB 121102, FRB 20220912A, and FRB 20201124A by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope showed high-burst rates and distinctive energy distribution and temporal properties. In this study, we examine these observations to investigate the scale invariance of the waiting times between bursts for intervals longer than approximately 1 s. Our analysis revealed a unified scaling law for these longer intervals, which is similar to the behaviour of solar flares. This discovery inspires us to suggest a dual analogy of the FRB scenario across the entire time intervals: with earthquake dynamics at subsecond scales and with solar flare dynamics beyond the one-second threshold. This threshold potentially aligns with the dynamic time-scale of neutron star crusts, offering insight of the occurrence of FRBs into the internal processes of neutron stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. On data set tensions and signatures of new cosmological physics.
- Author
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Cortês, Marina and Liddle, Andrew R
- Subjects
- *
PHYSICAL cosmology , *DATA reduction , *PHYSICS , *PROBABILITY theory - Abstract
Can new cosmic physics be uncovered through tensions amongst data sets? Tensions in parameter determinations amongst different types of cosmological observation, especially the 'Hubble tension' between probes of the expansion rate, have been invoked as possible indicators of new physics, requiring extension of the ΛCDM paradigm to resolve. Within a fully Bayesian framework, we show that the standard tension metric gives only part of the updating of model probabilities, supplying a data co-dependence term that must be combined with the Bayes factors of individual data sets. This shows that, on its own, a reduction of data set tension under an extension to ΛCDM is insufficient to demonstrate that the extended model is favoured. Any analysis that claims evidence for new physics solely on the basis of alleviating data set tensions should be considered incomplete and suspect. We describe the implications of our results for the interpretation of the Hubble tension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. The Effect of Physical and Virtual Inquiry-Based Experiments on Students' Attitudes and Learning.
- Author
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Papalazarou, Nikolaos, Lefkos, Ioannis, and Fachantidis, Nikolaos
- Subjects
- *
STUDENT attitudes , *LEARNING , *LEARNING goals , *DISTANCE education - Abstract
Involving students in laboratory and inquiry-based activities can help them understand the concepts of physics. However the learning process should not only focus on the concepts. Moreover, the advantages of using virtual or physical labs are still under examination. The purpose of this study is to analyse which of the two modes (virtual or physical) is the most effective for high-school students, in terms of conceptual understanding and attitudes. The criteria for this comparison are (a) the contribution of these two modes to the improvement of conceptual understanding and (b) the students' attitudes towards both modes of laboratory. The participants were high-school students of 3rd grade in two different groups. For the purpose of the study, four educational scenarios were created: two in the field of Mechanics and two in that of Electricity. The study revealed no statistically significant difference regarding students' experimenting in either lab mode. Moreover, students' attitudes towards both virtual and physical labs were similarly positive. We assume that these results may contribute to a broader perspective on choosing the lab mode when designing activities, given the fact that both the understanding and attitudes of the students are similar in the cases examined. Thus, the final choice of modality should be based on other factors, such as the adequacy of equipment, the educational conditions (e.g. distance education) and the specific learning goals set by the teacher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. To preprint or not to preprint: A global researcher survey.
- Author
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Ni, Rong and Waltman, Ludo
- Subjects
- *
MATHEMATICS , *ASTRONOMY , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *SURVEYS , *PREPRINTS , *PUBLISHING , *PHYSICS , *INFORMATION science , *COMMITMENT (Psychology) , *ACCESS to information , *OPEN access publishing , *RELIABILITY (Personality trait) ,RESEARCH evaluation - Abstract
Open science is receiving widespread attention globally, and preprinting offers an important way to implement open science practices in scholarly publishing. To develop a systematic understanding of researchers' adoption of and attitudes toward preprinting, we conducted a survey of authors of research papers published in 2021 and early 2022. Our survey results show that the United States and Europe led the way in the adoption of preprinting. The United States and European respondents reported a higher familiarity with and a stronger commitment to preprinting than their colleagues elsewhere in the world. The adoption of preprinting is much stronger in physics and astronomy as well as mathematics and computer science than in other research areas. Respondents identified free accessibility of preprints and acceleration of research communication as the most important benefits of preprinting. Low reliability and credibility of preprints, sharing results before peer review and premature media coverage are the most significant concerns about preprinting, emphasized in particular by respondents in the life and health sciences. According to respondents, the most crucial strategies to encourage preprinting are integrating preprinting into journal submission workflows and providing recognition for posting preprints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Parallel compressive super-resolution imaging with wide field-of-view based on physics enhanced network.
- Author
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Jin, Xiao-Peng, Xiong, An-Dong, Liu, Fan, Wang, Xiao-Qing, Zhang, Wei, Li, Chang-Heng, Yao, Xu-Ri, Liu, Xue-Feng, and Zhao, Qing
- Subjects
- *
HIGH resolution imaging , *OPTICAL transfer function , *COMPRESSED sensing , *PHYSICS , *TREE-rings - Abstract
Parallel compressive super-resolution imaging has attracted increasing attention in recent years. However, the super-resolution quality depends on modulation masks and reconstruction algorithms. A deep-learning method provides an efficient solution, but in wide field-of-view (FOV) scenarios, the differences between optical transfer functions (OTFs) of each pixel increase the system complexity and limit its practical application. This study proposed a wide FOV parallel compressive super-resolution imaging approach based on a physics-enhanced network. First, the network and modulation masks of an arbitrary 128 × 128-pixel region were trained; then, the trained network was fine-tuned for the rest of the 128 × 128-pixel regions in the entire wide FOV, which effectively eliminated the OTF variability. Numerical simulations and practical experiments demonstrated that through the proposed approach, super-resolution images of 1020 × 1500 pixels can be reconstructed from 272 × 400-pixel low-resolution measurements using only three designed masks, with the resolution enhanced 3.75 × 3.75 times and the peak signal-to-noise ratio improved by 89.4% compared to the results of the previous compressed sensing algorithm. Besides, the training time was dramatically reduced by 95.5-fold compared with the traditional training strategy for each region alone. This approach decreases the imaging complexity of wide FOV and achieves the high-quality super-resolution reconstruction under few trained masks, thus we believe it can promote rapid imaging for super-resolution and a wide FOV ranging from infrared to terahertz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Leave No Photon Behind: Artificial Intelligence in Multiscale Physics of Photocatalyst and Photoreactor Design.
- Author
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Loh, Joel Yi Yang, Wang, Andrew, Mohan, Abhinav, Tountas, Athanasios A., Gouda, Abdelaziz M., Tavasoli, Alexandra, and Ozin, Geoffrey A.
- Subjects
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ARTIFICIAL intelligence , *SOLAR technology , *CHARGE carriers , *PHYSICS , *MASS transfer , *MACHINE learning , *PHOTONS , *CARBON dioxide reduction - Abstract
Although solar fuels photocatalysis offers the promise of converting carbon dioxide directly with sunlight as commercially scalable solutions have remained elusive over the past few decades, despite significant advancements in photocatalysis band‐gap engineering and atomic site activity. The primary challenge lies not in the discovery of new catalyst materials, which are abundant, but in overcoming the bottlenecks related to material‐photoreactor synergy. These factors include achieving photogeneration and charge‐carrier recombination at reactive sites, utilizing high mass transfer efficiency supports, maximizing solar collection, and achieving uniform light distribution within a reactor. Addressing this multi‐dimensional problem necessitates harnessing machine learning techniques to analyze real‐world data from photoreactors and material properties. In this perspective, the challenges are outlined associated with each bottleneck factor, review relevant data analysis studies, and assess the requirements for developing a comprehensive solution that can unlock the full potential of solar fuels photocatalysis technology. Physics‐informed machine learning (or Physics Neural Networks) may be the key to advancing this important area from disparate data towards optimal reactor solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Teaching and learning angles in elementary school: physical versus paper-and-pencil sequences.
- Author
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Munier, Valérie and Devichi, Claude
- Subjects
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ELEMENTARY schools , *GEOMETRY , *PHYSICS , *GRADING of students , *VIDEO tapes - Abstract
This paper discusses the relevance of using physical situations to introduce the concept of angles at elementary school. We compare the effectiveness of two geometry teaching sequences. In the first one (physical sequence), the pupils learned the angle concept by experimenting on the playground (i.e. mesospace) and then modelling the situation. In the second one (paper-and-pencil sequence), the pupils worked solely in the space of a sheet of paper (i.e. microspace). In both sequences, pupils compared areas of space delineated by an angle between two directions. Pupils in two Grade 3 classes were exposed to one of the two teaching sequences. The unfolding of these sequences was videotaped and analyzed, and the pupils were tested individually, before and after teaching, to measure each sequence's effectiveness. Results showed that both sequences are effective to grasp the angle concept: Most pupils overcame the common erroneous conception of comparing angles' sides' lengths instead of angle openness. The comparison of areas of space delineated by an angle between two infinite directions, which is the two sequences' common core, seems to be the key factor underlying angle conceptualization. This paper ends with a discussion of these results' teaching implications and the merits of each sequence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Distinct differences in surface transport between electrolyte-gated (110) and (001) SrTiO3.
- Author
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Chen, P. Z., Zhang, J. H., Zhou, G. Z., Zhai, W. J., Lin, L., Yan, Z. B., Chen, C., Jiang, X. P., Lu, C. L., and Liu, J.-M.
- Subjects
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CARRIER density , *ELECTRON transport , *SURFACE scattering , *ELECTROLYTES , *PHYSICS - Abstract
Electrolyte gating technology has been widely used as an effective tool to study novel physics at complex oxide surfaces and interfaces. Certain emergent phenomena reported in electro-gated SrTiO3 (STO) surfaces are particularly interesting. Here, we report on the disparate electron transport behaviors of electrolyte-gated STO (001) and (110) oriented surfaces. In contrast to the anomalous transport from an insulating state to a Kondo-like state and then metallic states on the (001) surface, with increasing carrier density, the (110) surface always behaves as an insulating state. A comparison study suggests that the oxygen vacancies and localized Ti3+ ions on the (001) surface are scatter carriers, but no such defects are found on the (110) surface. This suggests that these surfaces are intrinsically insulating, and the observed anomalous effects are likely induced by the Ti3+ ions and oxygen vacancies introduced during electrolyte gating. This work sheds light on complicated phenomena in electrolyte-gated STO-based systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Mechanochemical Approaches to Fundamental Studies in Soft‐Matter Physics.
- Author
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O'Neill, Robert T. and Boulatov, Roman
- Subjects
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MOIETIES (Chemistry) , *PHYSICS , *MACROMOLECULAR dynamics , *DRUG synthesis , *MECHANICAL chemistry - Abstract
Stretching a segment of a polymer beyond its contour length makes its (primarily backbone) bonds more dissociatively labile, which enables polymer mechanochemistry. Integrating some backbone bonds into suitably designed molecular moieties yields mechanistically and kinetically diverse chemistry, which is becoming increasingly exploitable. Examples include, most prominently, attempts to improve mechanical properties of bulk polymers, as well as prospective applications in drug delivery and synthesis. This review aims to highlight an emerging effort to apply the concepts and experimental tools of mechanochemistry to fundamental physical questions in soft matter. A succinct summary of the state‐of‐the‐knowledge of the field, with emphasis on foundational concepts and generalizable observations, is followed by analysis of 3 recent examples of mechanochemistry yielding molecular‐level details of elastomer failure, macromolecular chain dynamics in elongational flows and kinetic allostery. We conclude with reasons to assume that the highlighted approaches are generalizable to a broader range of physical problems than considered to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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