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Objective: This study is aim to explore the causal relationship between anxiety, depression, neuroticism, and Meniere's disease (MD). Study Design: Two‐sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Setting: IEU, FinnGen, CTG, and UKB databases. Methods: The genome‐wide association studies data for anxiety, depression, neuroticism, and MD involved over 357,957 participants. MR was performed to explore relationships between anxiety, depression, neuroticism, and MD. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the MR results. Reverse MR was used to exclude the possibility of reverse causality. Finally, multivariate MR was performed to explore the collinear relationships between neuroticism subclusters. Results: MR results showed that anxiety and depression are not causes of MD, nor does MD cause anxiety and depression. Elevated neuroticism sum score is a cause of anxiety, depression, and MD, but MD does not lead to an increase in the level of neuroticism sum score. Further analysis showed that the 5 subclusters of neuroticism often feel lonely, mood often goes up and down, often feel fed‐up, feelings easily hurt, and sensitivity to environmental stress and adversity are causes of MD. Multivariate MR analysis results suggested that the 5 neuroticism subclusters have a collinear relationship. Conclusion: Anxiety and depression are not causative factors of MD, and vice versa. Elevated neuroticism levels serve as a shared causative factor for anxiety, depression, and MD. Identification and effective management of neuroticism is a potential target for preventing and treating MD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study is to create a nomogram for accurately predicting the prognosis of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) and provide a reference for clinical treatment. Methods: Three hundred and twenty-three patients with ISSNHL were admitted from September 2014 to November 2020. The clinical data were retrospectively reviewed. Prognostic factors for ISSNHL were assessed based on univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis and used to create a nomogram. Nomogram performance in terms of predictive and discriminatory ability was evaluated by calculating the concordance index (C-index) and generating calibration plots. Results: The overall hearing improvement rate was 41.4%, comprising complete recovery (13.3%), marked recovery (17.0%), and slight recovery (11.1%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, symptoms of vertigo, interval between onset and treatment, low-density lipoprotein, and type of hearing loss were independent predictors of ISSNHL. A nomogram based on these 5 factors had a C index of 0.798 (95% confidence interval 0.750-0.845). Conclusions: Age, vertigo, interval between onset and treatment, low-density lipoprotein level, and type of hearing loss are closely associated with hearing recovery. The nomogram may enable prediction of the prognosis of ISSNHL and facilitate clinical decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To report an interstitial deletion of Xq21.1 in chromosome X in a boy with congenital deafness. Methods: The proband underwent a thorough physical examination and a detailed audiological and temporal bone computed tomography (CT) scan. Cochlear implantation was performed on the proband, and follow‐up was conducted. High throughput sequencing and copy number analysis was made of peripheral blood samples from the proband, family members, and control subjects. Results: Sensorineural hearing loss was present in the boy and temporal bone CT scan showed a bilateral incomplete partition type III anomaly (IP‐III). Q21.1 (79.40–83.32 Mb) of chromosome X in the proband had a copy number deletion with a fragment size of about 3.92 Mb. Categories of auditory performance scores and SIR scores of the cochlea in this child improved after surgery. Conclusion: Through the analysis of POU3F4, a novel mutation site with potentially pathogenic significance was found. Level of Evidence: 5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is associated with atherosclerosis. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a manifestation of atherosclerosis in lower extremity arteries. No systematic review addressing the relationship between PAD and SDB was found. We performed this study aimed to summarize the relationship between SDB and PAD described in current clinical studies. Material and Methods: PubMed and Embase electronic databases were searched for clinical articles (published before 3 April, 2019) describing studies that evaluated the association between SDB and PAD. We showed the results involved in the association in clinical studies. Results: In total, 8 clinical studies have been included, and most of them were cross-sectional studies. Six articles demonstrated the coexistence of SDB and PAD, evidenced by high prevalence of SDB in patients with PAD and vice versa. Meanwhile, the included studies exhibited independent positive associations between SDB or sleep parameters and PAD after adjusting for multiple confounders. Conclusion: From present clinical prospective, positive association between SDB and PAD was shown. More prospective, randomized controlled studies are needed to establish the cause–effect relationships involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Otosclerosis is characterized by abnormal bone remodeling in the osseous labyrinth and progressive hearing loss. Although the etiology of otosclerosis is not fully understood, both environmental and genetic factors play important roles in its pathogenesis. Here, we generated an induced pluripotent stem cell line using episomal plasmid vectors from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a 48-year-old male with otosclerosis. The morphology and karyotype of the cells were normal. The expression of pluripotency markers was verified by mRNA and protein levels; the pluripotency state of the cell line was verified by successful differentiation into all three germ layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conclusion: Neonatal olfactory ensheathing cells conditioned medium (OEC-CM) can promote growth and proliferation of neonatal spiral ganglion cells (SGCs), as well as protecting them from apoptosis. Objective: To investigate the effects of neonatal OEC-CM on the survival, apoptosis, and proliferation of spiral ganglion. Methods: SGCs were cultured with OEC-CM, the conditioned medium from olfactory nerve fibroblasts (ONF-CM) or control medium containing 10% serum (DF12-10S). After different periods of culture, the cell types present were identified by immunofluorescent confocal imaging analysis, cell proliferation was determined by BrdU incorporation, and apoptosis was detected with the double-labeled NeuroTACS in situ Apoptosis Detection Kit. Results: SGCs cultured with regular control medium died off via apoptosis. Culturing cells with ONF-CM had no significant effects on the natural process of survival and apoptosis of SGCs. However, culture with OEC-CM significantly increased survival and decreased the apoptotic percentage of SGCs. In addition, OEC-CM temporarily stimulated the proliferative capacity of SGCs on the third day of culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conclusion. Endolymphatic sac tumors (ELSTs) are locally invasive, osteolytic, and hypervascular tumors. If the labyrinth has not been invaded, the hearing should be preserved in operation. Objective. To summarize three cases of ELST and discuss whether to keep hearing in the surgical treatment of ELST. Subjects and methods. Complete otorhinolaryngological examinations with audiologic, vestibular, and neurologic evaluations were performed. CT and MRI scans were carried out before operation and in the course of follow-up. The patients underwent radical removal of the tumor through a transmastoid approach and accepted postoperative radiotherapy. In two of them, the structure of the labyrinth and facial nerve were preserved in operation. Results. Histopathologic examinations agreed with features of an ELST. Patients suffered transitory vertigo shortly after operation, and so far, they are alive and well without further cranial nerve involvement. Case 3 patient has good hearing and facial nerve function now. No residual or recurrent tumor was detected on the postoperative MRI images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moringa oleifera L. (MO), known for its nutritional and medicinal value, has strong anti-proliferative effects on various types of cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties of MO extracts using head and neck cancer (HNC) cell lines, CNE-1 and CAL27. Sixteen MO extracts from seeds, roots, stems, and leaves were prepared with water and different concentration of ethanol (50, 70 and 90%). Total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC, TFC) and the antioxidant activity of these extracts were analyzed. The results showed that the aqueous extracts (MOL) had the highest antioxidant activities in leaf, while 70% ethanol extracts (MOS, MOR, MOSt) had the highest antioxidant values in other parts (seeds, roots, and stems). Furthermore, all MO extracts had significant anti-cancer effects on HNC cells. The corresponding IC 50 values of MOSt, MOL, MOR, MOS were 0.135, 0.298, 1.07, and 1.10 mg/mL in CNE-1 cells and 0.163, 0.251, 1.19, and 1.22 mg/mL in CAL27 cells, respectively. MO extracts inhibited the proliferation of HNC cells by inducing apoptosis. Particularly, MOSt had the strongest apoptotic induction, followed by MOL. These results indicated that MO extracts have a potential antioxidant capacity and may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of HNC. • Compared antioxidant activity of various aqueous ethanol extracts from 4 MO parts. • Anti-proliferative abilities of different parts of MO were compared. • Ethanol (70%) can be a suitable solvent for extracting the bioactive compounds. • The MO extracts inhibited proliferation by inducing apoptosis in HNC cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to investigate macrophage polarization during the early stages of secondary Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (E. granulosus s.l.) infection. We observed an early initial increase in inflammatory genes (peaking at 5‐10 days) and a later rise in M (IL‐4)‐like genes (still rising by day 15). In addition, we showed that the induction of M (IL‐4)‐like genes was paralleled by an increase in expression of the transcription factor KLF4. Most of the changes observed in vivo were reproduced in vitro upon the culture of normal peritoneal macrophages with live E. granulosus s.l. protoscoleces (PSC), and that knockdown of KLF4 in this system attenuates M (IL‐4) differentiation. Our results suggest that KLF4 pathway contributes to the differentiation of macrophages towards M (IL‐4)‐like phenotype during early stages of secondary E. granulosus s.l. infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]