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This paper outlines the efforts at establishing observatories in India for modern astronomical observations made by aristocrats over the last century or so prior to Indian independence in 1947. The focus of this paper is therefore on three institutions only, the Royal Observatory at Lucknow, Trevandrum Observatory, and Nizamiah Observatory in Hyderabad. This demonstrates that the concept of 'patronage' was alive and well in nineteenth century India, just as it was in Britain, Europe and North America. These observatories primarily were established either to encourage educated Indians to gain a realistic knowledge of Western astronomy, or so that India itself could contribute to that body of research knowledge. One of these institutions, Nizamiah Observatory was India's sole observatory involved in the ambitious international Astrographic Catalogue and Carte du Ciel and Project. It is telling that quite early in its history this Observatory ended up with a university, while this fate later befell Trevandrum Observatory. It is notable that none of the observatories discussed in this paper has survived in its original form through to the present day as a forefront astronomical research facility. Moreover, relatively early in its history Trevandrum Observatory abandoned astronomy and shifted its focus to geomagnetism. Unlike the observatories discussed in the first paper in this series, none of the observatories reviewed in this paper was set up primarily to further Britain's colonial ambitions. All were local Indian initiatives, yet each received support, in one way or another, from British astronomers or observatories--so the colonial link was still there, but only as an underlying element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Collegium Antropologicum is the property of Croatian Anthropological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A growing body of literature has begun to furnish information on the prevalence of child abuse in India. The irony is that the perpetrator is often well known to the child and often intra-familial. Though in some situations, it is beyond their control but many times the family fails to protect the child from sexual abuse. The cultural tradition of the family being a "private space" provides little scope for intercession of public into critiquing its members. Furthermore, severe barriers of culture, traditional practices and social stigma attached in the society make it difficult to speak about the incidences of child abuse in public. The globalization process with modern technology has had it both positive and negative effects. Though it has opened new spaces for gender equality, it also encourages commodification of the bodies. The present paper is based on empirical data collected from one hundred respondents with four in-depth case studies of college girls studying in undergraduate and postgraduate programs of the selected colleges of Lucknow city. It attempts to reflect on the incidents of child abuse through narratives on the complex situation and the processes through which the victim, the family members and the civil society at large deals with. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Total electron data (TEC) from GPS nowadays can be used as a tool for understanding the space weather phenomena. The development of prediction model for TEC is quiet crucial and challenging due to the dynamic behavior of the ionosphere, since it depends on different factors such as seasonal, diurnal and spatial variations, solar geomagnetic conditions etc. In this paper, an attempt is made for predicting the GPS derived TEC values for different GNSS stations over India using a hybrid method based on Ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) deep learning method. The daily TEC time series data from the IISc Bangalore (Latitude 13.021, Longitude 77.570), Lucknow (Latitude 26.912, Longitude 80.956) and Hyderabad (Latitude 17.417, Longitude 78.551) stations over India during the period 2008 to 2015 of solar cycle 23 and 24 is used for analysis. The assessment of model performance for testing predicted output compared with LSTM and EMD-LSTM models, and their comparison results show that the hybrid EEMD-LSTM model presents better than the other models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the mental well being of rag pickers of Lucknow City. Rag picking is a severe and worst form of child labour. It is the most unhygienic, dangerous job in scrap collection. The children of poverty stricken classes or slum dwellers are engaged in such activities. They collect waste or broken articles and glass of plastic, tin, iron, from garbage and dirty places of urban areas. The glass, metal, iron pieces may injure their bare feet. Children engaged in rag picking, face various health problems like tetanus and skin diseases. Mental well being describes your mental state-how one feels? And how well one can cope with dayto- day life? As the study is exploratory in nature, survey method was adopted to collect the information from the target population. The main tool in the study was a self prepared interview schedule which consisted of general and specific information of the respondents targeted for the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retail industry in India, being one of the largest retail industries in the world in terms of growth, provides goods and services to a large number of people from various strata of society. Retail sector also supports to create huge employment opportunities for the young generation as new form of organized retail sector has emerged within the retail industry. The objective of this paper is to examine the activities in which consumers engage in malls and why the mall culture is gaining acceptance among consumers. The paper focuses on the factors (specially demographic and social) which influence the shopping at malls in Lucknow. Another objective of study is to understand consumer behavior towards shopping malls and also to find out the consumer's satisfaction level from shopping malls. The study finds that consumers prefer shopping, eating at food courts, window shopping and entertainment in the form of movies at multiplexes or video game parlors in malls. Consumers prefer the air conditioned environment (shopping ambiance), availability of several product categories under one roof, quality of service, car parking facilities, convenience of shopping and the confidence that the store-owner is not cheating in context of mall. So, the retail industry in India must take concrete steps to withstand the growing global competition in market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the events faced by urban poor households in Lucknow, India and household responses in the face of these events. Using household and individual data collected in 2002 from 12 slum settlements, the authors found that certain events, such as illness and social and religious spending, are more frequent than others and that some groups, characterized by gender of head of household, community and economic status, experience certain event types more than others. It also found that some less frequent events may be very burdensome due to their high severity. Responses to common event types exhibited a pattern. Households reduced consumption, used savings and took loans much more frequently than other options, across event types. Variations in responses were identified by event type and severity and economic status. The results illustrate the need for both protective and promotive interventions to improve livelihood security among the urban poor. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Over the past three decades, there has been a significant rise in the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) globally, accompanied by a relative decline in communicable diseases. Aims: With this background, the research was planned to determine the prevalence of acanthosis nigricans (AN) or skin tags (STs) in the study population and to examine the relationship between the presence of AN and ST with commonly used indicators such as waist-to-height ratio (W/Ht.), Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS), and body mass index for predicting the risk of NCDs. Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study was done at a health facility in Lucknow (India). Methodology: Consecutive sampling was employed to select 152 apparently healthy adults as the participants. Data collection involved administering a questionnaire and conducting anthropometry using standardized methods. Visual inspection was conducted to identify AN or ST on the common sites. Statistical Analysis Used: Data entry was done in Microsoft Office Excel, followed by data analysis using SPSS. To test the association between variables "significance of difference of mean," Chi-square test, logistic regression analysis, and estimation of Kohen's kappa were used. A "P" value was considered statistically significant at <0.05 level. The sensitivity and specificity of AN and ST were also estimated in predicting the risk of NCDs. Results: The prevalence of AN was 19.08% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 12.76%–25.40%), while the prevalence of STs was 28.29% (95% CI = 21.05%–35.53%). AN showed a sensitivity of 22.4% and specificity of 96.3% with W/Ht. ratio as the standard, and a sensitivity of 26.44% and specificity of 90.77% with IDRS as the standard. ST exhibited a sensitivity of 32.0% and specificity of 88.89% with W/Ht. ratio as the standard, and a sensitivity of 37.93% and specificity of 84.62% with IDRS as the standard. Conclusion: AN and ST can be used as simple and time-saving tools in screening protocols for (NCDs). Further research is desirable to validate the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The study was aimed at identifying the incidence of unreported probable hypoglycaemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on anti-diabetic medications, using the screening Stanford Hypoglycemia Questionnaire (SHQ) in real-world situations. Methods: It was a multicentre cross-sectional study on consecutive individuals attending 10 diabetes care centres in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. The inclusion criteria were as follows: known individuals with T2DM, literate, age greater than or equal to 18 years, on at least one anti-diabetic agent for more than a month and not engaged in regular self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Results: This study was conducted from August 2017 to April 2018, involving 1198 participants. The mean age of the individuals enrolled was 53.45 years (±10.83), with males comprising 55.3% of the population. It was found that 63.6% of patients were on sulphonylurea (SU), 14.5% were on pioglitazone, 92.2% on metformin, 62.3% on Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP4i) and 12.8% on Sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT2i). The mean SHQ score was 1.81 (±1.59). Probable hypoglycaemia was mild in 57.59%, moderate in 14.69% and severe in 1.41%. Those with diabetic neuropathy (P = <0.001), retinopathy (P = <0.001) and nephropathy (P = <0.001) had significantly higher SHQ scores. Insulin or SU use was associated with a significantly higher SHQ score. Concomitant statin use was associated with a lower incidence of mild, moderate and severe hypoglycaemia (P = 0.01). On multivariate analysis, we found that age, sex, systolic blood pressure (SBP), insulin use and fasting blood sugar were the most important factors associated with an increased risk of hypoglycaemia with an R2 cut-off of 0.7. Conclusion: SHQ was discovered to be a simple and cost-effective screening tool for outpatient detection of hypoglycaemia in an Indian setting, and it can add value to management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper compares Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) values extracted from IGS's distributed network of dual-frequency GPS stations in India, and the VTEC values extracted through IRI-Plas-2017 and NeQuick-2.0.2 models at the same locations and the same durations of time. Diurnal variation and relative deviation of modelled and measured VTEC of IGS reference stations at Lucknow (LCK3, Latitude: 26.91218, Longitude: 80.95564) and Hyderabad (HYDE, Latitude: 17.41728, Longitude: 78.55088) are visualized through graphical representation, during 2015 and 2019. Further, statistical analysis was performed on both datasets. The outputs of this project revealed that, the magnitude of maximum relative deviation of modelled VTEC from measured VTEC was high while using IRI-Plas model at Lucknow and Hyderabad in each month of solar maximum and solar minimum. Furthermore, during solar minimum, VTEC is highly overestimated by both models during peak hours of ionization and the magnitude of overestimation at these hours is higher while using IRI-Plas model for both regions. Finally, the highest coefficient of determination value was recorded at Hyderabad during 2019 while using IRI-plas model. The R2 analysis shows that IRI-Plas model produces a more accurate representation of VTEC during solar minimum and maximum at both regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To test an infographic two-pager on medication abortions (MA) aimed to improve pharmacists counseling in India.Methods: A quantitative baseline survey was conducted among 283 pharmacists in three districts around Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh in January 2018. The intervention (infographic) was given to 117 of these pharmacists a few weeks later and a follow-up survey was conducted 3 months later with 281 pharmacists. In addition, mystery clients were sent to 115 of the pharmacists.Results: A statistically significant improvement in knowledge post-intervention was found, compared to pre-, for almost all quality items measured. Difference-in-difference estimators showed a difference in knowledge among indicators related to misoprostol in particular. However, mystery client reports showed few differences in pharmacist behaviors between intervention and control pharmacists.Conclusion: This simple, paper-based intervention, which required no training, showed a significant improvement in pharmacists' knowledge and was welcomed by the providers. Translating knowledge into behavior change, however, seems more difficult to impact. Adapting this simple intervention to motivate providers to change behaviors could improve the quality of care provided by pharmacists in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though mere enrolment into a programme is an asset for an institution, it cannot be an indicator for the effective utilisation of the learner support services rendered in the Institution. Effective transaction of the academic curriculum and the administrative facilitation is manifested in the number of successfully completed learners. This is true for both the Conventional Educational System (CES) and the Distance Educational System (DES). The B.Ed Programme of IGNOU launched in the year 2000 and is accessible to in-service graduate teachers having two years full time teaching experience. The programme is very popular among the untrained teachers involved in academic transactions at the School level. The present paper explores the access and success pattern of learners enrolled into the B.Ed programme from the year 2000 to 2006 (seven cohorts of enrolment) at IGNOU Regional Centre Lucknow and were awarded the degrees between 14th convocation (2003) to 20th convocation (2009) on the basis of selected Socio Demographic Indicators (SDI). The paper uses three criterions namely success rate, division obtained in the final examination and duration taken to complete the programme to describe the success pattern of the learners. The Study utilizes the learner enrolment data as available with the IGNOU Regional Centre Lucknow and the data of the learners who have been awarded degrees in Lucknow region of IGNOU from 14th convocation held in the year 2003 ( The convocation in which first batch othf successful learners of B.Ed programme were awarded degree certificate) to 20 convocation (2009). The analysis of data revealed the high rate of programme completion (76.5%) with nearly ninety percent completers obtaining more than sixty percent marks and also elucidated no significant difference between the level of success (Division) and the SDI of learners. The study further showed the declining rate of success with the increase in the duration of completion of the programme, which in turn indicates that the interest of learners starts diminishing in the pursuance of the programme over a certain period of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an examination into the history of the political mobilization of the Muslim League in the United Provinces of India during the late 1930s prior to the partition of India and Pakistan. Questions are raised discussing the extent to which the political organization held public authority in representing Indian Muslims during the period. Focus is given addressing the influence of the statesman Mohammad Ali Jinnah in relation to the other local politicians of the Muslim League and the lack of uniform political activity by the League during the 1938-1939 Madhe Sahaba riots of Lucknow.

Historic Lucknow was oriented to the Gomti riverfront with monumental architecture of mosques, mausoleums and palaces concentrated on the southern bank. Thus the river was much more than a transportation artery enjoyed for its views and breezes and appreciated for its utility. This elite riverfront landscape was transformed into backwaters and disappeared from the public eye over time. Its centrality as a landscape of power was lost as a result of the momentous political and economic changes, beginning with the Indian Uprising/Mutiny in 1857. Although efforts are currently underway to beautify the riverfront by lining it with parks and plazas, they do not explicitly evoke the historic landscape and are piecemeal efforts to provide greenery. The paper outlines an urban conservation model and suggests design interventions that would revitalize the riverfront and contribute towards preserving both tangible and intangible heritage of the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The articel presents abstracts of papers related to transfusion science presented at the 33rd annual conference of the ISBTI held in Lucknow, India from December 5 to 7, 2008 which include delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions, transfusion associated adverse events, and red cell oxidative injury during storage.

This paper examines the factors associated with vulnerability among households living in twelve slums in Lucknow, India. It does so using a mixed methods approach, combining findings from focus group discussions regarding characteristics of vulnerable households with quantitative results from a household survey in the same slums to determine the extent of convergence between understandings of vulnerability from the two data sources. The findings support a high level of agreement around the following key characteristics of vulnerable households: few workers and workers in irregular, casual work types; low and irregular income levels; large household sizes and high numbers of children, particularly girls; female heads of household; exposure to ill health; low education and literacy levels; poor housing quality and lack of home ownership; few social resources; and the inability to save and avoid debt. The results provide indications of what types of interventions are necessary to improve livelihood security among the urban poor in Lucknow, with employment-related interventions seemingly most important since access to work and adequate income were the most mentioned vulnerability factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on findings and lessons learned from an on-going improved biomass cook-stove programme in Chibau Khera, a village near Lucknow in India. The paper is concerned with the processes of design, development, promotion, manufacture and dissemination of the stove in the village. The technical details of the stove are not described. Many aspects of the paper will be relevant to projects seeking to promote similar technologies in a number of developing world contexts. The project in Chibau Khera was characterised by extensive community participation and considerable activity in the village. The value of participatory techniques is illustrated in this paper using examples drawn from this case-study. Community involvement in the design, testing and manufacture of the stove is presented as a way of helping to ensure the effectiveness, suitability and sustainability of a stove programme. In the same way, the importance of field workers discussing issues, listening to stakeholders, observing cooking activities and being open to change is emphasised. Integrated approaches to household energy problems are also discussed. The paper concludes that gaining a detailed understanding of beneficiaries, including their needs, attitudes, resources and environment, is necessary for the design and implementation of effective and sustainable energy solutions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Young women and girls in Uttar Pradesh (UP), India, face gender inequalities, which threaten their health and well-being. This study used body mapping, a visual participatory research method, to learn from adolescents ages 15 to 17 living in Lucknow slums about how gender norms affect their daily experiences. Forty adolescents participated in body mapping. Their body maps and narratives about those maps demonstrate that starting in adolescence, family and community members strongly enforce divergent gender norms for girls and boys. Girls face restrictions on their clothing, mobility, and education, whereas boys have comparative freedom in these domains. Girls experience persistent public harassment by boys and men, severely constraining their ability to move freely in public spaces. In contrast, the school was a setting where adolescent girls and boys experience more relaxed gender norms. Overall, this study describes the link between gender norms, health, and well-being for adolescents. It also illustrates the value of participatory and adolescent-friendly research methods for exploring gender norms among adolescent boys and girls in India. Finally, it indicates that multi-system approaches are needed to address gender-related inequalities in health and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the National Research Laboratory for Conservation of Cultural Property (NRLC )in Lucknow. It explains that NRLC was established by the Government of India in 1976. It mentions that the main goal of the laboratory is to conduct research in technical history of materials and to improve upon conservations techniques. The conservation laboratory also aims to impart training, give technical assistance to other institutions, to bring out publications and to have a documentation center.

World's large population lives in remote areas where electricity is unavailable or unreliable supply. For electricity supply, a low‐cost, minimum‐emission hybrid renewable energy system is necessary due to power shortages or unavailability, high electricity costs, and large greenhouse gas emissions. The current work develops a standalone hybrid power generating system and assesses its techno‐economic feasibility for rural sites in the Lucknow area of Northern India. To address the electric load requirement, the proposed work includes a system that includes a solar photovoltaic (SPV) module, a lead‐acid battery, a wind turbine (WT), and a diesel generator (DG). The system is sized and optimized using the hybrid optimization of multiple energy resources software. In this off‐grid system, the proposed system is intended for a home load need of 52.00 kWh/day with a peak of 11.04 kW. The technical and financial specifications are drawn from the local Indian market for the proposed standalone system. In this article, seven different resource combinations are investigated. A combination of 13 kW DG, 16 kW SPV, 50 kWh lead‐acid battery, 9 kW inverter, and 4 kW WT produces the best optimal system. With a 98.4% renewable portion, the cost of energy and total net present cost are $0.162/kWh and $57 390, respectively. The sensitivity analysis inflation and discount rates are 5.5% and 8%, respectively. As a consequence of the findings, we can conclude that the suggested standalone system is more cost‐effective for rural areas in Northern India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Science Policy & Practice is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study investigates bioaccumulation factor (Bfc), Edaphic pollution indices and associated health risk assessment of trace metals (TMs) i.e., Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn and Co in the crops, agricultural soil (AgS), and irrigation water (IgW) collected from various peri-urban area of metropolitan city of India, Lucknow. Though the level of these TMs was within the permissible limits (PL) (FAO/WHO, 2011) in AgS and IgW however it was higher than PL in tomato, spinach and wheat cultivated in the fields. The bioaccumulation factor of Cu, Fe and Mn in edible parts of tomato, spinach and wheat was 8 to 25 times higher through the AgS and 10 to 300 times higher through the IgW in the tomato, spinach and wheat samples. The enrichment factor (Efc), contamination factor (Cfc), contamination degree (Cdg) and modified contamination degree (mCdg) values of Co, Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn ranged from low to high levels of contamination, whereas the geo-accumulation index reflected low contamination in agricultural soil. on the other hand, the metal pollution load index (Mpi) was found strongly contaminated in most of the study areas. Due to the consumption of these contaminated vegetables and cereal (VCs) by human consumers, the hazard quotient (HQ), total hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) were found to be more than the requisite value of 1, which indicates a far-long health risk in this crowded city and its surrounding regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several Asian countries have the tradition of offering flowers, leaves, and fragrant smoke to the Gods and Goddesses at places of worship. The offering of flowers holds a significant place in almost all religions during various ceremonies and rituals as a part of a wealthy civilization. The religious purposes of these offerings are probably associated with creating a micro-climate for mood elevation, peace and devotion. However, all these offered flowers become sacrosanct and disposed in and around the places of worship or thrown in the river to maintain their sacredness. Similarly, the lighting of incense sticks holds a significant place in our traditional rituals from ancient times. With the increasing population, places of worship have also increased and have constantly been supporting the market for flowers and incense sticks. Air pollution due to the burning of incense sticks and soil and water pollution due to improper disposal of the flower waste are raising concerns for health-related issues. Looking at the problems of the massive amount of offered flowers at the places of worship and toxicity of smoke of the charcoal-based common incense sticks, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, India has developed an innovative technology for making incense sticks and fragrant cones using offered flowers and leaves to reduce the environmental pollution in and around the places of worship. Since 2017, this technology has been popularized and transferred through training and demonstration programmes to more than 4500 women and unemployed youth and providing livelihood around India's major places of worship. These incense sticks have also been found safe in terms of smoke inhalation based on smoke toxicity studies done by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India, and heavy metal toxicity in ash performed CSIR-CIMAP compared to the charcoal-based incense sticks commonly available in the Indian market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was conducted for two cropping seasons during 2016–19 at the ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, with the objectives to study the effect of i) K nutrition and variable sources of K on growth analysis of sugarcane ratoon crop, ii) the response of K on the photosynthetic rate of crop and iii) contribution of K on yield attributes, sugarcane, and sugar yields. Mean results of two cropping seasons indicated that the application of potassium brought forth a 12.08% improvement in tiller population over no K (107.3 thousand/ha). Potassium application through K2SO4 (SOP) showed the highest net rate of photosynthesis (15.28 µmol/m2/s) which was about 30.71% higher than the control. Among the various sources of K, SOP was found the best in improving sugarcane and sugar yields. Application of SOP resulted in 18.69% ratoon cane yield improvement over the control. Application of 75% K through K2SO4 resulted in a higher sugar yield (12.01 t/ha) which was 25.76% higher than the control (9.55 t/ha). Potassium ammonium sulfate (PAS) and murate of potash could not produce better results as compared to K2SO4. Potassium application through SOP showed the highest net rate of photosynthesis (15.28 µmol/m2/s) during the grand growth phase. Application of 50.4 kg K/ha (75% more than recommended) through K2SO4 increased 18.69% sugarcane (106.7 t/ha) and 25.76% (12.01 t/ha) sugar yields over the control (no K) and was found to the best and could be recommended for improving sugarcane and sugar yields of ratoon in subtropical India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores 'Indicator Kriging' approach for assessment of health risk from exposure to trace elements concentration (δ t e ) in drinking water resources of the Central Ganga Alluvial Plain (CGAP), northern India. The estimates for δ t e were generated using analysis of groundwater samples (n = 100) collected from the Lucknow monitoring area to map the predicted area of health risk. The predicted probability maps have reclassified into a unified scale to generate Trace Element Risk Index (TERI), which has further integrated with human population count data to generate Health Risk Index of Lucknow. The results indicate that the risk is potentially alarming in urban areas as relatively high δ t e there are referring to the local (point) sources of contamination. Approximately 23.15% human population residing in about 69.77% of the total area is at moderate-to-high health risk probability. The findings of this study could help planning substantial remediation measures on long-term basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction:Cervical carcinoma is the second most common malignancy in women worldwide. It is estimated that over a million women worldwide currently have cervical cancer. Worldwide, cervical cancer is both the fourth-most common cancer and the fourth-most common cause of death from cancer in women. In 2012, 528, 000 new cases of cervical cancer were diagnosed, and 266, 000 women died of the disease (GLOBOCAN 2012), nearly 90% of them in lowto middle-income class countries. Multifactorial causation, potential for prevention, and the sheer threat it poses make cervical cancer an important disease for in-depth studies, as has been attempted by this paper by studying the hypoxic marker. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the identification of biomarkers able to predict both response to treatment and survival. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of hypoxic marker Carbonic anhydrase (CAIX) markers to predict the clinical outcome of patients with cervical carcinoma. Materials and methods:This study was conducted on biopsy proven previously untreated cases of cancer cervix who presented to the Department of Radiotherapy at King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. The study was a single institution, non-randomised, prospective study to evaluate carbonic anhydrase IX as a biomarker in cancer cervix patients undergoing radiotherapy. Sample size: Total 75 samples • 25 healthy control subjects (Age and sex matched) • 25 cancer cervix patients (duplicate samples i.e. baseline and follow up). Approximately 2 ml of blood was withdrawn before initiation of treatment and at the time of first follow up. Standard treatment was given as external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with concurrent chemotherapy followed by intracavitary radiotherapy (ICRT). Blood samples was analysed for the level of CAIX..Statistical analyses was performed with the SPSS software package v13.0. Results: Pre-treatment high level of carbonic anhydrase IX correlated with poor treatment outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface water bodies are vital source of water for human consumption, domestic needs, agriculture, industrial activities, and also for aquatic life and ecosystems. In this study, a stretch of river Gomti was studied at 5 sites in Lucknow for two consecutive seasons during 2019. The physicochemical-bacteriological parameters of water and sediment samples were analyzed, followed by multivariate statistics. Mean values of pH, turbidity, EC, TS, TDS, TSS, DO, BOD, COD, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, total alkalinity, total hardness, chloride, and fluoride during the pre-monsoon period were 7.4 ± 0.2, 5.2 ± 3.3 (NTU), 444.4 ± 97.4 (µS/cm), 274.6 ± 61.6, 254.3 ± 50.2, 21.9 ± 11, 5.4 ± 1.6, 10.2 ± 5.9, 31.2 ± 13.3, 1.2 ± 0.5, 1.7 ± 1.1, 25.9 ± 3.7, 204 ± 41.8, 146.2 ± 11.5, 15.5 ± 8.7, and 0.5 ± 0.1 mg/l, respectively. The corresponding values during the post-monsoon season were 7.5 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 3.2 (NTU), 436 ± 75.1 (µS/cm), 273.7 ± 124.2, 209.7 ± 82.5, 63.9 ± 43.4, 5.6 ± 1.6, 15.8 ± 8.9, 39.2 ± 23.5, 5.4 ± 4.6, 1.4 ± 0.9, 25.5 ± 5, 199.2 ± 36.6, 134 ± 8.6, 20.2 ± 8.9, and 1.7 ± 0.2 mg/l, respectively. Concentration of pollutants significantly increased by 5–15% from sampling station S1 (upstream) to S5 (downstream). Enumerations of fecal coliform and Escherichia coli bacteria were low at S1 but significantly higher at the S5 site. WQI ranged from 88 to 345 during pre-monsoon and 159 to 422 during post-monsoon period, indicating poor water quality which was unsuitable for drinking purposes. Strong positive correlations (≥ 0.9) were observed among pH, chloride, phosphate, sulfate, turbidity, conductivity, TS, TDS, BOD, and COD for water samples during both seasons. The data reveals that pollution load increases gradually from upstream to downstream due to the increasing discharge of raw sewage. Regulatory bodies should formulate strict regulations and ensure their implementation for the protection and management of river water quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was carried out in the department of Horticulture, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (BBAU), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India to evaluate the morphological variation of ber fruits collected from widely and naturally grown ber crops inside the main campus of the university. There were 85 morphotypes selected for the study and fruit morphological characters were studied at the departmental laboratory with CRD statistical design and data of various morphotypes were compared at 5% level of significance. The results revealed that the highest fruit weight (15.33 g), fruit length (43.92 mm), fruit width (30.09 mm), fruit volume (14.23ml), pulp weight (14.26g), Pulp thickness (11.12 mm), pulp per cent (92.84%) was observed in B-45 morphotype. These physical characters seemed to be good for customer attractiveness. Considering the morphocharacteristic performance of fruit of 85 ber morphotypes grown in side BBAU campus, it may be concluded that the ber morphotype B-45 could be used for further crop improvement programme for its bigger fruit size, high pulp content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conflict between the vitality of natural ecosystem versus artificially developed systems has existed since decades. The ecological sensitivity and socio-economic aspects associated with riverfront development along rivers have attracted the attention of environmentalists and ecologists across the globe. The present study evaluates the impacts of channelization and riverfront development on the water quality of river Gomti through Water Pollution Index (WPI) and other statistical tools. Of the total studied sites, 75% were found to be in the 'highly polluted' category even after the development of riverfront. An approximate increase of 274.5% and 171.76% was witnessed in the WPI values at the midstream sites of Kudiaghat and Daliganj, respectively. This increase in the WPI values clearly stated the deteriorated water quality of river Gomti after the channelization. The major issue of domestic sewage discharge with partial or no treatment into the river seems to be unresolved even after a considerable period of riverfront development. This study can provide a reference database toward development of such projects across the globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This paper provides comparative analyses across women’s employment-status groups to examine how processes of exclusion and constrained and adverse inclusion shape different women’s labor market opportunities and outcomes in Lucknow, India. It examines under what conditions, if at all, women’s labor contributes to household-poverty reduction and for which work types paid employment leads to increased voice for women in the household, one dimension of a process of empowerment. It finds that women’s labor force participation has a meager influence on household and individual level development outcomes largely due to the inter-related processes of exclusion and inclusion, where social norms and responsibilities for reproductive work can lead to constrained inclusion in the labor market, adversely affecting women’s terms of incorporation. The findings have relevance for programming focusing on improving the range and quality of choices for women in the paid economy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This article concerns journalism as an object of anthropological study. It raises questions about how we should study an occupation that is so familiar in most places of the world. For example, how should we conceptualize newspaper journalism both as a globally diffused media form and as localized cultural practice? Furthermore, I discuss the relationship between the anthropologist and the journalist as two professionals that are equally engaged in producing representations and interpretations of culture and society. The study is based on fieldwork among Hindi-language journalists in Lucknow, India, as well as my own previous experience of local journalism in Sweden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Menstruation is a normal physiologic phenomenon. Due to lack of awareness regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls in India, majority have unhygienic practices which make them vulnerable to various adverse health and social outcomes. Aims and Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the awareness and perception of pre- and postmenarchal adolescent girls regarding menstrual hygiene. Settings and Design: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Paediatrics of a Government tertiary care center, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh for 6 months from 1 July 2019 to 31 December 2019. Material and Methods: The study was undertaken among 120 adolescent girls between 09 and 19 years of age. Premenarchal age group was from 9 to 12 years and postmenarchal was 13–19 years. All the adolescent girls who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were subjected to a pretested prevalidated semi-structured questionnaire assessing their awareness and perceptions regarding menstrual hygiene. Result: Of 120 respondents, 43 girls were aware of menstruation prior to attainment of menarche. Mother was the first informant regarding menstruation in the case of 49 (49.65%) girls. A total of 57 girls believed it as a physiological process. 32 (53.3%) girls knew the use of sanitary pads during menstruation. Regarding restrictions practiced, 136 (85%) girls practiced different restrictions during menstruation. Conclusion: Adolescent girls, being vulnerable, need to have adequate and correct awareness regarding menstrual hygiene. This will protect them from risk of developing reproductive or sexually transmitted infections (RTI/STI) which is a burden on our society and render many females infertile and cause other adverse health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article cites a study conducted to assess the air quality status of the city environment. Air monitoring was carried out in the trans-Gomti area of Lucknow, India. A dichotomous respirable dust sampler, especially designed to cut-off coarser particles from air stream before filtering it on 0.5 micron pore size whatman GF/A filter paper, was used for monitoring of Respirable Suspended Paticulate Matter (RSPM). Air monitoring data of the study indicated a wide variation in levels of gaseous pollutants in different localities of Lucknow city. As far as the atmospheric concentrations of primary gaseous pollutants were concerned, oxides of Sulphur and Nitrogen levels were recorded to be maximum in the study.

Background: The poppy seeds commonly known as ‘khus-khus’ or ‘postadana’, obtained from opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum L.) is known one of the world’s oldest medicinal plant. Its alkaloids, seeds and oil used since time immemorial for therapeutic, food stuffs and economical purpose. An effective breeding program plays an important role for selection, genetic improvement and development of high yielding cultivars/variety in opium poppy. Therefore, a study was conceded out to evaluate the genetic variability, path analysis for different agronomic traits along with their major chemical constituents of opium alkaloids in 30 accessions/landraces of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) collected from different geographical places of India. Methods: The 30 genotypes of Opium poppy including different breeding lines and landraces collected from different places were grown in year (2017-18) in randomized complete-block designs (RCBD) with three replications at the research farm of CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow. Morpho-metric data were recorded on five competitive randomly selected plants in each line for following thirteen traits. Dried husk/straw capsules were chemically analyzed through HPLC. The pooled mean data were statistically analysed by using Windostat statistical software 4.0 versions available at Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CSIR-CIMAP Lucknow. Result: Variation among the mean of thirty diverse genetic stocks was highly significant (p<0.01) for all thirteen traits. High heritability coupled with high Genetic advance as percent mean (GAM) and Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for the traits Thebaine and Nosacapine. The results of associations studies revealed that the trait capsule/plant was positively and significantly correlated with seed (g)yield/plant (gm) and nosacapine at both genotypic and phenotypic level. According to results, a significant genetic variability was also present among 30 accessions, simple selection can be employed to improve seed yield along with alkaloids yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood is emerging as a major pest of mango throughout India. studies were conducted at four major mango growing areas of India viz., Bengaluru (Karnataka), Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), Periyakulam (Tamil Nadu) and Vengurle (Maharashtra) on the management of thrips on mango by using entomopathogens for three consecutive years from 2015-16 to 2017-18. Treatments were applied as sprays at weekly interval starting from the flower initiation. The results revealed that spray of Metarhizium anisopliae (IIHR oil formulation @ 0.5 ml/l) was the most effective for management of thrips on mango. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present study was conducted with an objective to study the concentration of heavy metals, metal pollution index and daily intake of metal in eight selected vegetables viz. R. sativus (Raddish), B. oleracea (Cabbage), B. vulgaris ssp. Cicla (Beet-root), C. sativum (Coriander), S. oleracea (Spinach), B. vulgaris var. bengalensis (Spinach plain), B. compestis (Brassica) and T. foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) collected from three local markets of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. The concentrations of heavy metals in different vegetables have ranged as—Fe: 36.18–121.80, Cu: 4.58–16.6, Cr: 0.04–0.24 and Cd: 0.05–2.55 µg g−1. The trend of the sum value of daily intake of metal for vegetables was found as: B. vulgaris var. bengalensis > S. oleracea > B. vulgaris ssp. cicla > C. sativum > B. oleracea > T. foenum-graecum > B. compestis > R. sativus. The metal pollution index in B. compestis, R. sativus, S. oleracea, B. vulgaris var. bengalensis, T. foenum-graecum, B. vulgaris ssp. cicla, C. sativum and B. oleracea was ranged from 6.10–10.28, 2.83–11.17, 2.68–5.63, 2.22–6.23, 4.38–8.35, 2.2–8.16, 1.62–6.95 to 1.75–8.85, respectively. Findings revealed that metal concentration in 32% of sampled vegetables was found to be higher than the permissible limits prescribed by FAO/WHO. Regular consumption of those vegetables may cause toxicity to the primary and secondary consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A detailed investigation on the potentially drought-prone regions over India is presented in this study based on the balance between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (PET) during the southwest Asian mid-monsoon season. We introduce a parameter named dry day frequency (DDF) which is found suitable to present the drought index (DI) in mid-monsoon season, hence strongly associated with the possibility of drought occurrences. The present study investigates the probable aspects which influence the DDF over these regions, revealing that the abundance of anthropogenic aerosols especially over urbanized locations has a prevailing role in the growth of DDF during the last few decades. The prominent increasing trend in DDF over Lucknow (26.84 ∘ N, 80.94 ∘ E), a densely populated urban location situated in the Indo-Gangetic Plain, strongly reflects the dominant association of anthropogenic aerosols with the increasing dry phase occurrences. Increase in DDF (∼90 %) during the last 60 years is observed over this urban area compared to a broader region in its surroundings. In addition, periodic impacts of large-scale phenomena like ENSO (El Niño–Southern Oscillation) or SSN (sunspot number) become weaker when the study location is downscaled towards an urbanized region. Finally, when long-term projections of DDF are drawn using the high urbanization scenario of RCP 8.5, a huge rise in dry days is seen during mid-July to mid-September (reaching up to 50 dry days by the year 2100 over Lucknow), which will be a crucial concern for policymakers in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information about the contents of the 83-page brochure entitled "The Prevention of Crime and Treatment of Offenders." The brochure contains the proceedings of the Indian Conference of Social Work, held in Lucknow, India. Its foreword was written by Girdhari Lal, Minister for Jails and Excise in the country. The papers published are penned in a scholarly form. In addition, its introduction was the Presidential Address of Colonel G. R. Oberai, Inspector General of Prisons. Also included is the paper explaining Adolescent Offender and the Borstal. The final paper presented is focused on training in the prevention of crime and the treatment of offenders.

The disposal of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) muck has created large number of HCH dumpsites all over the world from where the harmful HCH isomers are leaking into the environment. Bacteria have evolved at such contaminated sites that have the ability to degrade HCH. Degradation of various HCH isomers in bacterial strains is mediated primarily by two genes: linA and linB which encode dehydrochlorinase and haloalkane dehalogenase respectively. In this study we explored one such highly contaminated HCH dumpsite located in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. To assess the biostimulation potential of the contaminated site, microbial diversity study and real-time PCR based quantification of lin genes was carried out. The soil samples from dumpsite and surrounding areas were found to be highly contaminated with HCH residue levels as high as 1.8 × 105 mg kg−1. The residues were detected in areas upto 13 km from the dumpsite. Sphingomonads, Chromohalobacter, and Marinobacter were the dominant genera present at the dump-site. Role of Sphingomonads in HCH degradation has been well documented. The highest copy numbers of linA and linB genes as determined using real-time PCR were 6.2 × 104 and 5.3 × 105, respectively, were found in sample from the dump site. The presence of Sphingomonads, linA, and linB genes from HCH contaminated soil indicates the presence of indigenous bacterial communities capable of HCH degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health insurance has been acknowledged by researchers as a valuable tool in health financing. In spite of its significance, a subscription paralysis has been observed in India for this product. People who can afford health insurance are also found to be either ignorant or aversive towards it. This study is designed to investigate into the socio-economic factors, individuals' health insurance product perception and individuals' personality traits for unbundling the paradox which inhibits people from subscribing to health insurance plans. Methods: This survey was conducted in the region of Lucknow. An online questionnaire was sent to sampled respondents. Response evinced by 263 respondents was formed as a part of study for the further data analysis. For assessing the relationships between variables T-test and F-test were applied as a part of quantitative measuring tool. Finally, logistic regression technique was used to estimate the factors that influence respondents' decision to purchase health insurance. Results: Age, dependent family members, medical expenditure, health status and individual's product perception were found to be significantly associated with health insurance subscription in the region. Personality traits have also showed a positive relationship with respondent's insurance status. Conclusion: We found in our study that socio-economic factors, individuals' product perception and personality traits induces health insurance policy subscription in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acanthocephalans are fish parasites of worldwide distribution, penetrate their thorny proboscis into the intestinal wall of host and absorb nutrients. No diagnostic tool is available except postmortem investigations and identification by parasitologists. The aim of present study was to explore and assign taxonomical status to Pallisentis species prevalent in food fishes of river Gomti, Lucknow, India. Methods: A survey of fishes of river Gomti was carried out during the year 2011-2013. Acanthocephalans recovered from the intestine of Channa punctatus were kept in refrigerator for eversion of proboscis, fixed in A.F.A. fixative (50% alcohol, formalin and acetic acid in ratio of 100: 6: 2.5) for 24 hours further preserved in 70% ethanol. Camera Lucida diagrams of acetoalum carmine stained permanent mounts were made for morphometric studies. Results: Two new species of genus Pallisentis were identified and named as P. channai n. sp. and P. vinodai n. sp., their taxonomical status is based on major characters of proboscis hooks, spines of collar and trunk region, cement gland nuclei. On average 9 fishes were found infected with Pallisentis spp. out of 60 fishes examined randomly. Conclusion: Pallisentis spp. are important parasitic infection in Channidae fishes with the prevalence rate of 15%. Two new species of Pallisentis recognized from Channa punctatus of river Gomti, Lucknow, India and diagnostic features of genus are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ubiquitous fine particulates can readily be bound to toxic metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and are considered to be a great threat to human health. The purpose of this study was to assess the magnitude of air pollution risks to public health by determining four crucial parameters- inhalable particulates, metals in particulates and PAHs which are associated with PM10in the air environment of Lucknow, India during 2007–09. The values of PM10and PM2.5ranged between 102.3–240.5 and 28.0–196.9 μg/m3whilst the average PM10was 1.7 times and PM2.5was 1.5 times higher than their respective NAAQS of 100 and 60 μg/m3respectively. The estimated relative death rate and hospital admissions for each increase in the PM10levels of 10 μg/m3ranged from 1.5–8% and from 3.9–8.0% (as per APHEA2 1990) respectively in persons > 65 yrs. Among the locations; AQS-1, AQS-2,and AQS-3(with diversified activities and heavy traffic) recorded higher concentrations of both the particulate fractions than the AQS-4(residential area with low traffic). The average concentrations of Fe, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, Cd in PM10were 219.4, 40.6, 35.1, 27.3, 22.2 and 16.2 ng/m3and that in PM2.5were 54.3, 33.9, 38.5, 29.4, 8.4, and 1.17 ng/m3respectively.Regression analysis revealed that correlation of metals with PM2.5was stronger than PM10. The ratio of metals adsorbed on surface of particles (PM2.5:PM10) reveals that PM2.5has more affinity for Ni, Cu and Pb and PM10for Cd, Fe and Cr. Health risk due to carcinogenic metals bound to respirable particulates was predicted by estimating excess cancer risk (ECR). The highest ECR value was estimated for Cr, 266.70 × 10−6, which was associated with PM10 and 100.92 × 10−6which was associated with PM2.5, whereas lead has the lowest ECR value. Amongst PAHs, benzo(a)pyrene (51.96±19.71 ng/m3) was maximum in PM10samples. Maximum concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, metals and PAHs were detected during winter, and the lowest was during monsoon. The higher prevalence of diseases among the population may be due to high concentration of particulates coated with toxic metals and PAHs present in air environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The PM concentration (μg/m) in Lucknow city at 4 locations in three different seasons ranged between 148.6-210.8 (avg. 187.2 ± 17.1) during summer, 111.8-187.6 (avg. 155.7 ± 22.7) during monsoon and 199.3-308.8 (avg. 269.3 ± 42.9) during winter while PM ranged between 32.4-67.2 (avg. 45.6 ± 10.9), 25.6-68.9 (avg. 39.8 ± 4.6) and 99.3-299.3 (avg. 212.4 ± 55.0) during respective seasons. The mass fraction ratio of PM ranged between 0.22-0.92 (avg. 0.42 ± 0.26) and was significantly high during winter season indicating their composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information regarding the 5th Congress of Federation of Asian-Oceanian Neuroscience Societies (FAONS) held at Hotel Clarks Avadh in Lucknow, India from November 25-28, 2011 is presented. Topics include the role of nature and nurture in the development of vision, the importance of natural products for treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and the therapeutic use of Bacopa monniera in aluminum neurotoxicity. The symposium features several neuroscientists such as Rakesh Shukla and Torsten N. Wiesel .

The African presence in India, especially in the Deccan and Gujarat, has been well documented. Scattered references to discrete groups of Africans in other parts of India are less well known. The author recently identified a group of African slave descendants living in Lucknow, the capital of a former kingdom in northern India, following the discovery of pertinent East India Company records in the National Archives, New Delhi. Why the Africans were brought to this particular kingdom will be examined, together with their treatment by the British Government in India after the Mutiny of 1857/58. At the same time, the Government was setting up an 'African Asylum' in Bombay, to house and educate African children liberated from an Arab slave ship at Karachi. The question of inconsistent government policy towards African slaves in British India will be examined and it will be argued that it was tempered by differing regional and political considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The most challenging component of spinal dysraphism is cord tethering. Tethering can occur due to single or multiple lesions within the same patient. It is imperative to aggressively identify and release all the tethering lesions in order to provide maximum benefit to the patient. With increasing number of tethering lesions, the clinical profile and outcome show significant differences, and this difference is significantly more when more than two tethering lesions coexist in the same patient. Material and methods: Out of the 248 patients of spinal dysraphism who underwent surgical management at Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India, between 1997 and 2007, 160 were included in the study. Patients were classified into two groups based on the number of tethering lesions. The first group (Group A) comprised cases of spinal dysraphism with tethering demonstrable at one or two sites. The second group (Group B) comprised patients with radiological or intraoperative evidence of multiple tethering lesions (more than two). Results: There were 119/160 patients in Group A, while 41/160 patients were in Group B (with more than two sites of tethering). The preoperative neurological examination revealed significant differences between the two study groups. The clinical profile and the surgical outcomes have shown significant differences in the two study groups. These differences are statistically significant. Conclusion: We strongly believe that the mere presence or absence of tethering is not a sufficient documentation to predict its effect on the cases of spinal dysraphism. Tethering is a complex entity that needs to be further classified in terms of the number of tethering lesions, which significantly affect the pre- and postoperative status of the patients. We would like to suggest the term 'Spina Bifida Multiplex' for the cases where more than two lesions are found to be responsible for tethering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To establish the Holdaway's soft tissue Cephalometric norms for the population of Lucknow, India. Methods: This study was conducted on pre-treatment lateral Cephalograms of 55 Orthodontically untreated subjects (25 males and 30 females) having normal occlusion and pleasing facial profile, in the age group of 18-25 years with a mean age of 21.36 years. All Cephalograms were traced and analyzed for 12 soft tissue variables (two angular and ten linear) as described by Holdaway. Results: Basic upper lip thickness, lip thickness at vermillion border, inferior sulcus to H line distance and soft tissue chin thickness was found to be significantly higher amongst males (p<0.05) while lower lip to H line distance was found to be significantly higher amongst females (p<0.001). Upper lip strain, soft tissue subnasale to H-line, superior sulcus depth, skeletal profile convexity, basic upper lip thickness, the upper lip thickness at vermilion border and H-angle were found to be more among the study population whereas the nose prominence was found to be less in comparison to the Holdaway's norms. Conclusions: There are differences in the soft tissue parameters of the Lucknow population as compared to the Holdaway's Caucasian norms as well as between the genders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the information seeking behavior of researchers at the Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI) in Lucknow, India. Brief information is given about several studies in various countries related to the topics of information needs, information-seeking strategy, and information behavior in the context of gender. Findings of the CDRI library study such as the most used services, factors influencing information needs, and researchers' views on the CDRI facility are discussed. Statistics from the study are given.