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Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Throughout the four years of his presidency, President Jair Bolsonaro implemented policies, sponsored initiatives, and promoted discourses that were fundamentally detrimental to indigenous peoples in Brazil. This resulted in the most acute and irreconcilable disparity in interests between settlers and indigenous communities over the control of land in the Amazon, a dispute which is at the core of the eruption of the anti-indigenous atrocity structure existent in Brazil in the 21st century. As a result, the Amazonian indigenous peoples were victims of several mass atrocities, consisting of destructive, exterminatory, persecutory, and other inhumane acts, especially through invasion, deforestation, contamination, and deprivation of health care. This article explains and analyses each pillar of this atrocious process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 21st century in Latin America began with a widespread shift to the left politically, a phenomenon called the 'pink tide'. Following a period of right‐wing re‐ascendancy, left wing governments are again gaining traction across the continent. This article analyses the end of the last pink tide via a dialogue between the post‐extractivism and degrowth literature by examining Bolivia, Ecuador, and Brazil. This is done through a look at the impacts of both economic growth as a normative policy aim and extractivism as the engine to produce this growth on political developments in these countries. In the tradition of Gramsci this is interpreted as a hegemonic force, recast here as growth‐through‐extraction, that serves to perpetuate the interests of wealthy classes despite political changes. This article concludes with a brief analysis of how academic debates and political processes have moved on since Escobar 2015 and what this might mean for the new left‐wing governments of Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Perífrasis. Revista de Literatura, Teoría y Crítica is the property of Universidad de los Andes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Numerous studies have investigated the long term variability of surface solar radiation (SSR) around the world. However, the large disparity in the availability of observational data between developed and least developed/developing countries leads to an underrepresentation of studies on SSR changes in the latter. This is especially true for South America, where few observational studies have investigated the SSR decadal trends, and usually only at a local or regional scale. In this study we use data from 34 stations distributed throughout all the regions of Brazil to present the decadal SSR decadal trends in the first two decades of the 21st century and investigate their associated causes. The stations were grouped into 8 composites according to their proximity. Our results show that in the North and Northeast Brazil a strong dimming occurred, with significant contributions from increasing atmospheric absorption, most likely due to anthropogenic emissions, and increasing cloud cover. In the Southeast and Midwest regions of Brazil near-zero trends resulted from competing effects of clear-sky processes and strong negative trends in cloud cover. In the South part of the Amazon and in Southern Brazil a statistically insignificant brightening was observed, with significant contribution from decreasing biomass burning emissions in the former and competing minor contributions in the latter. These results can contribute to deepen the knowledge and understanding of SSR decadal trends and their causes in South America, reducing the underrepresentation of this continent when compared to regions like Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the rise of the far-right in Brazil and its connection to anticommunist sentiments. It discusses how President Jair Bolsonaro utilized anticommunist rhetoric to gain power and explores the historical roots of anticommunism in Brazil, including its ties to Christianity, nationalism, and liberalism. The article also analyzes the parallels between historical anticommunism and the current anti-PT sentiment, including the use of rhetoric, accusations of dictatorship intentions, and associations with leftist groups in Latin America. It emphasizes the role of conservative Christianity, nationalism, and liberalism in fueling the rejection of the Left, as well as the influence of social media in spreading right-wing ideas. Despite Bolsonaro's recent electoral loss, the far-right is expected to remain a significant political force in Brazil. [Extracted from the article]

This article aims to discuss left behind places in Brazil in the early 21st century. We conceptually debate the left behind places' approach in dialogue with other contemporary theoretical perspectives. To evaluate regional inequalities in Brazil, we used the coefficient of variation, calculated at two different scales from 2002 to 2019 for GDP per capita, also considering social indicators. The results indicated a slow decline in regional inequalities. We debate the role of recently implemented public policies in this process, as well as the potentiality of these policies to identify left behind places and deal with them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What does the incessant return of the Brazilian national team jersey between June 2013 and the government of Jair Bolsonaro mean? What is its role? What does football have to do with Brazil's public life in the early 21st century? Does its intervention in the recent political and social history of the country limit itself to the appearance of the national team jersey and its appropriation by extreme-right movements and parties? These are some of the questions that this article seeks to answer. To do so, the analysis mobilizes the theoretical-methodological framework of Greimas' discursive semiotics and Jurij Lotman's semiotics of culture, combining micro analyses of specific texts, practices, and discourses with macro analyses of broader and transversal sociocultural configurations, revealing the links between the semiospheres of football, politics, media, and religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the challenges currently facing Brazil's basic sanitation sector. The sector's characteristic profitability and dynamism have brought State-run Water & Sewage (W&S) services into the spotlight of the structural reform agenda on the argument that governments do not have the resources necessary to universalize coverage. There is a pattern of W&S services' operating with a surplus, which helps explain the intense dispute in recent years in favour of legal changes to the market position of CESBs and local providers to favour an expanding role for private agents. Converging with the structural reform agenda, Law 14,026, sanctioned on 15 July 2020, made far-reaching changes to the legal framework for sanitation and provided for the State's complete withdrawal from the sector. The new regulatory framework prohibited programme contracts, required tender processes for sanitation service contracts, encouraged regionalization without CESBs, set out national guidelines for States and municipalities to access federal funding and introduced a national regulation regime under the National Waters and Basic Sanitation Agency. The model of cooperation that operates in the SUS could serve as a reference for constructing a social pact in the sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Brazilian and US labor movements are currently confronting common challenges related to changes in the overall structure and profile of the working class, the elimination of traditional sources of financing, and the weakening of allied political forces in the electoral arena. Considering these joint trajectories, the authors will examine recent efforts by US-based and Brazilian labor movement actors to create spaces for strategic collaborations, two-way learning, and mutual solidarity, to support common political goals and efforts towards union renovation. The article analyzes three contemporary cases of US-Brazil union solidarity networks, in order to better understand how transnational union activism influences national-level outcomes. The authors posit that the success of these forms of activism is dependent on objective limits created by external economic and political conditions, yet in some circumstances non-transactional solidarity is capable of producing unexpected positive outcomes for workers and their union organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging patterns of south–south migration and rapid economic growth in developing countries have highlighted the need for new conceptual contributions accounting for the experiences of migrant workers in the Global South. The concept of super-exploitation has been among those contributions with reference to appalling working conditions and the dependence of developing countries on the export of commodities. However, this article argues that the understanding of contemporary forms of super-exploitation experienced by migrant workers remains underdeveloped. Drawing upon 42 semi-structured interviews with Haitian workers in Brazil, this study makes an innovative contribution to the conceptualisation of super-exploitation in the 21st century, particularly from the perspective of social reproduction theory. This article argues that super-exploitation can be defined more accurately as a combination of economic and non-economic forces that entangle productive–reproductive–exploitative relationships, thereby shaping the dependence of workers on wages below the value necessary for their social reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad is the property of Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) is a significant public health issue in Brazil. The present ecological study describes the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of TL cases reported in the country, and analyzes the spatial and temporal patterns of the incidences and risks of occurrence across the five geopolitical regions and 27 federative units. Methodology/Principal findings: Data regarding new cases of TL notified between 2001 and 2020 were obtained from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Joinpoint and spatial and temporal generalized additive models were used to establish trends in the evolution of TL during the target period. The incidence rate for the entire period was 226.41 cases/100,000 inhabitants. All regions of Brazil showed trends of decreasing incidence rates, albeit with fluctuations at specific times, with the exception of the Southeast where rates have increased since 2014, most particularly in Minas Gerais state. The disease was concentrated predominantly in the North region, with Acre state leading the incidence rank in the whole country, followed by Mato Grosso (Midwest), Maranhão and Bahia (Northeast) states. The spatial distribution of the risk of TL occurrence in relation to the annual averages was relatively stable throughout the period. The cutaneous form of TL was predominant and cases most frequently occurred in rural areas and among men of working age. The ages of individuals contracting TL tended to increase during the time series. Finally, the proportion of confirmations by laboratory tests was lower in the Northeast. Conclusion/Significance: TL shows a declining trend in Brazil, but its widespread occurrence and the presence of areas with increasing incidence rates demonstrate the persistent relevance of this disease and the need for constant monitoring. Our findings reinforce the importance of temporal and spatial tools in epidemiologic surveillance routines and are valuable for targeting preventive and control actions. Author summary: Leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by parasitic protozoa, exists in various clinical forms, the most common of which is tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL). The lethality of TL is low, but the skin lesions may produce physical deformities and stigma. Brazil has the highest number of TL cases in the American continent and the disease is present in all federative units. However, studies performed so far have been restricted to localized areas of Brazil and do not provide a broad view of the situation in the country. Therefore, we described the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of TL cases in Brazil and evaluated the spatial and temporal patterns from 2001 to 2020. Our findings show that the occurrence of TL declined between 2001 and 2020 in all regions of the country except for the Southeast where incidence rates have recently increased. We have identified those areas of the country where the population remains at greater risk of contracting the disease and have found that the situation has changed little over the years. The knowledge gained about the spatial and temporal variations of the incidence of TL, the profiles of those affected by the disease, and the diagnostics and treatment employed might be valuable to improve the policies and actions against the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper intends to investigate if there is, and if it exists, the depth of the relationship between the consolidation of higher education in Brazil and the culture of higher education enforced nowadays. The first graduation course was inaugurated in 1808, with the foundation of the School of Surgery and Anatomy in Salvador and Rio de Janeiro, and until now, even after the proclamation of Brazilian independence, continues aiming to provide manpower skills to fulfill liberal and manpower skills for the state bureaucracy. The pragmatic disdain for areas considered futile or unnecessary in a State that aimed to reach a certain level of production and industrialization was not only present in colonial culture but also in public policies to promote courses and research between fields of study considered essential or nonessential, in the 21st century; as well as the centralization of chair decisions in the hands of the Emperor and the reserving of the rector's free choice by the head of the Executive (federal or state) are tangible remnants of an alienating national project. In order to achieve these objectives, historical studies will be analyzed on the discussions during the implementation of higher education courses in Brazil, as well as the courses authorized to operate and documents of university deliberations from the beginning of the 19th century, as well as the direction of the research funding notices launched, and public policies for access to higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Education Policy Analysis Archives / Archivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas / Arquivos Analíticos de Políticas Educativas is the property of Educational Policy Analysis Archives & Education Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to analyze how Brazil and Portugal, countries with historical relations, positioned themselves to face the pandemic of the coronavirus in the educational context. Comparing the strategies adopted by the two countries, we seek to answer the following question: were the strategies adopted by the Brazilian educational managers efficient to face the moment of crisis? Could another path have been taken? To carry out this analysis, a bibliographical survey was adopted, detailing the actions implemented by the two countries to face the greatest educational challenge of the 21st century. The results of the analysis show that Brazil, in a mistaken way, bet only on Emergency Remote Learning, since there was no adequate infrastructure to do so, which harmed millions of students in the country. Portugal mixed formats and got better results, which led to very visible consequences, such as a shorter time of closure of the schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on an in-depth reflection on the role of utopias in political projects that intervene in international relations, this article aims to analyse the change of direction of Brazil's foreign policy in the period 2003-2022. This involves observing the transformation of the country's international action, from a position of defender of the Global South to one of champion of the West. To this end, this proposal will make use of the information offered by primary sources --official documents and speeches of the presidency and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs-- and secondary sources --analysis of academic publications--. With this in mind, it will provide an extensive theoretical introduction, through which it will genealogically address utopian thinking in the discipline of International Relations and the field of Foreign Policy Analysis. Subsequently, it will define two discursive strategies that allude to antagonistic projects of international insertion based on opposing utopian imaginaries, and which have guided the Brazilian worldview of international reality in the first two decades of the twenty-first century: the Brazil of the Global South and the Brazil of the West. By way of conclusion, the paper will offer some final reflections, highlighting the role played by both representations in Brazil's domestic and international projection for the government's term of office that started in 2023. It is understood that both worldviews have their origins in Brazil's tradition of international thought, but also incorporate variables that refer to transnational utopian projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mural Internacional is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cadernos Argentina Brasil is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The analysis "Inequality as a Megatrend of the 21st Century" by Dimitrios L. Margellos and Berthold M. Kuhn addresses the topic of inequality on a global and national level. It is noted that inequality between countries is tending to decrease, while it is increasing within many societies, especially in Western countries. The analysis emphasizes the need for a fairer distribution of resources to counteract populist reactions. Examples such as the election of Gabriel Boric as president in Chile and the deep polarization between Lula and Bolsonaro in Brazil are mentioned. The analysis also highlights the dangers of inequality, such as lower social cohesion and lower GDP growth. Possible steps that states and international organizations can take to reduce inequality and create a good life for all are outlined. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Revista do Serviço Público (Civil Service Review) is the property of Revista do Servico Publico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work has as its main objective to examine, from the perspective of Functional Discourse Grammar (HENGEVELD; MACKENZIE, 2008), which are the pragmatic, semantic and morphosyntactic motivations underlying the ordering of the constituents of the discontinuous Np in different synchronies of Brazilian Portuguese, in order to verify whether the synchronic characterization of the phenomenon has a diachronic basis and whether there are differences in the productivity of the phenomenon in speech and writing. The empirical analysis of the phenomenon is based on samples from different historical sources: (i) letters from the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries from the Projeto Para a História do Português Brasileiro (PHPB) and from the Corpus Histórico do Português Tycho Brahe; (ii) readers' letters from the 21st century from the newspapers Folha de São Paulo and Diário do Norte; and (iii) spoken language records from the 20th century, extracted from the minimum corpus of the NURC/Brazil, and from the 21st century, taken from the Iboruna database (Amostra Censo). The methodology includes analysis parameters of interpersonal (rhetorical and pragmatic functions of the Np constituents), representational (type of semantic entity designated by the head noun and the semantic relationship between the head and the displaced constituent) and morphosyntactic nature (morphosyntactic configuration of the Np constituents and structural weight of the displaced constituent). Based on the analyses, the conclusion is that the discontinuity in the structuring of the Np has a stable behavior over time and it is motivated by factors of a more pragmatic order rather than morphosyntactic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text approaches public educational language policies regarding the provision of foreign languages in Brazil and in Uruguay in the first decade of the 21st century. It aims to discuss the interpretation of national laws, from the three units chosen for the development of a comparative study, namely: place, time, and policies. The study is meritorious for supporting a situated valuation of the most significant elements of the comparison, and for showing the complexity of the proposal and of the understanding of these policies. The analyses show that in the laws that provide for foreign languages in education in both countries, the south-south connection did not have a prominent position in the selected period, only a consensual one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to identify the importance of primary commodities in Brazil's foreign trade and define the commodity groups in whose exports Brazil has the highest comparative advantages. At the same time, we want to find out how these comparative advantages have changed and developed in the period from 2001 to 2020, i.e., in the period of high prices of primary commodities (2003 – 2012) and the period after until the outbreak of the global pandemic COVID-19. To achieve this goal, we used the Lafay index of international specialization using data at the four-digit level of the Harmonised System. The results of the Lafay index indicate that Brazil achieves comparative advantages, especially in exports of agricultural products, food, and some minerals. A significant comparative advantage is achieved in the soybean and iron ore commodity groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay aims at providing a novel analytical framework based on the concept of "duality" as proposed by the Brazilian economist Ignacio Rangel. In this portrayal, neoliberal policies are the consequence of the reinforcement of the dual character of the Brazilian society, which induces the economic outcomes of financialization and regression amid institutional change that (re)position class asymmetries. In this scheme, redistributive welfare state measures are of key importance to maintaining social cohesion and political support and, therefore, enabling the harmonization of these conflicting objectives in a neoliberal economic agenda. In this framework, the current Brazilian right-wing extremism and crisis is the outcome of such long-term entanglement in which democratic mediation is jeopardized. JEL Classification : B51, P16 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Paradigma is the property of Universidad Pedagogica Experimental Libertador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Economía, Sociedad y Territorio is the property of El Colegio Mexiquense and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article aims to analyze the phenomenon of populisms with a specific interest in the Latin American scene. For this, the research proposes an update of terms and concepts developed by the literature and a possible analytical use to reflect on concrete situations considered populist in this region. In this way, this work analyzes the new order of populists of the 21st century in three Latin American countries: Venezuela, Brazil, and Mexico, aiming to verify their points of contact, similarities, and differences. The study was developed using qualitative and descriptive methodology, contemplating literature review and empirical analysis. The relevance of the topic is justified by the importance of understanding what has been happening with democracies in process of stabilization, especially through a perspective that comes from the Global South. As a result, it was possible to conclude that, in recent years, the rise of the populist wave has contributed to the democratic recession, so that populism has returned –reformulated– in Latin America. What has been shown is that populisms, once installed in power, have great potential to significantly undermine democratic structures, making it difficult to consolidate constitutional democracies in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that the binomial games and gamification has been frequently used in academic literature in Applied Linguistics (GEE, 2004; SQUIRE, 2011; KAPP, 2012; LEFFA, 2014; QUADROS, 2016; LEFFA and VETROMILLE-CASTRO, 2019). In contrast, few studies proposed to present and discuss them in critical "poses" in and/or for language teaching (FINARDI et. al., 2019; ALEXANDRE and KOMESU, 2019; SILVA, 2019), thus aligning the results provided in and/or outside the classroom to (trans)train the pedagogical practices of language teachers in the 21st century. Given this gap in our field of research (LEFFA and VETROMILLE-CASTRO, 2019), we will seek in this article to provide conditions to take a selfie from the area, from different research scenarios, presenting, highlighting and discussing theoretical-methodological issues that have emerged in scientific studies conducted in the last decade in the Brazilian context. To meet these objectives, we made terminological and conceptual considerations about games and gamification in language teaching and, based on a specific time frame (2009-2019), we conducted a documental-critical research that, in addition to briefly punctuate the history of studies on games and gamification in language teaching in Brazil, discusses the research conducted at Master's and Doctorate levels focusing on this topic in its theoretical-methodological repercussions in qualified journals in the field. This premise will enable us to unveil new research horizons and will also enable us to draft proposals for a policy sensitive to educational demands, since this new teaching-learning context engenders specificities and, therefore, the language teacher needs to be prepared to act in this locus of learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 21st century, there is a growing Brazilian academic interest from professors and students in researching realities from Asia, especially in postgraduate courses in Language Arts, Philosophy and Human Science. The paper aims not only to point to a broader panorama of Centers, Nuclei, Programs, Research, Study and Work Groups, Thematic Sessions and Events with Asian themes in the aforementioned academic areas in Brazil, but also to make a brief analysis of the papers carried out in Work Groups and Thematic Sessions of the ANPTECRE and PPCIR (CONACIR) national congresses dedicated to realities of Asian origin, taking into account three criteria, i.e. Religious Studies methodologies used, the genres of authorship, and the religious traditions that were approached by these papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the early years of the 21st century, several Latin American governments moved away from the adherence to certain visions of the international system and international relations that had prevailed during the previous decade. This led, in some cases, to the projection of discourses that were at times confrontational with the United States, and to the diversification of their relations with other non-Western States. Following the propositions of Peripheral Realism, those who followed this course of action should have been punished for not aligning themselves with the prescriptions of the main rule maker of the international system. However, this did not happen in all cases. This article addresses a brief analysis of bilateral relations between Brazil and the United States between 2003 and 2016 contemplating the discursive dimension and the actions of the former in the face of Washington's response in the political, economic and military dimensions. This allows us to formulate a first hypothesis based on the differences between different peripheral countries not contemplated by the theory in their original formats. It is proposed to incorporate the role of the strategic value that some of these countries represent for the great powers, a variable that conditions the relations between both actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze, from a gender perspective, the actions of religious-political actors regarding the fight against reproductive autonomy of women and people with a uterus in the 21st century. For this, it proposes to understand how the evangelical political actors's actions and discourses were formulated in the public and political arena in society, mainly related to the theme of abortion in this period. The focus on the Jair Bolsonaro's government from the analysis of the actions of the former minister and pastor Damares Alves and his initiatives contrary to the defense of Reproductive Rights punctuate the example of the worsening that the imbrication between religion and politics in recent years has reached in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neo-extractivism in Latin America increased state revenues and expanded its capacity for income redistribution while leaving a trail of socioecological devastation. The ambiguity of twenty-first-century extractivism reflects the lack of consensus about its role in the successes and failures of the Pink Tide. Theorization about the main phenomenon, extractivism, could lead to a more assertive examination of both. This paper offers an analysis of Brazil during this period, departing from an understanding that the key to depicting extractivism is not the link between resource extraction and the dynamics of profit or revenue generation, but rather, the link of both to a porous and externally dependent pattern of domestic accumulation. As such, neoliberal extractivism describes empirically and theoretically the recent form of extractivism in Brazil. The expansion and reproduction of resource-based accumulation reflected and reinforced the reliance on a systematic spoliation of state and society to remunerate the owners of rent- and interest-bearing assets – the most perverse and aggressive form of extractivism in its history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Museologia e Patrimônio is the property of Museologia e Patrimonio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article presents a set of comparative data related to racial inequality in the United States and Brazil throughout the twenty-first century. Within the limitations of available data, we highlight four limited but important dimensions, that is, demography, education, the labor market, and earnings that illustrate racial inequality in both countries. In doing so, we aim to investigate and critically update Andrews's work (1992) on the last three decades with available data. Despite some improvements in absolute terms related to racial inequities, we show that in both Brazil and the United States, economic growth periods do not necessarily mean that income among blacks is catching up with that of whites. Similarly, in both countries, economic crisis and recovery phases are experienced differently depending on the individual's race. JEL Classification: D31, D63, J7, J15 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative and bibliographic article aims to reflect on the correlations between democratic education, human emancipation and civic-military training, based on the Critical Theory of Society. Under the premise that democratic education assumes the realization of a fair and equal society for all, of free and emancipated men, it resumes the trajectory of the struggle for the democratization of the education in Brazil, to emphasize on the advances of this process that enters the 21st century under a strong threat of setbacks. In order to elucidate the setback, an analysis of the National Program for Civic-Military Schools (PECIM in Portuguese) is presented. The results of the analysis point to the defense of a training perspective that aligned with neoliberal policies and conservatism, contradicts the formation of the human and compromises the democratization of the school, making education with an emancipatory meaning uncertain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Intersecoes: Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinares is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article raises, describes and analyses, in formal and functional terms, instances of the subschemas that make up the constructional network [[para lá de] [X]] in contemporary Portuguese from Brazil (PB) and Portugal (PE), more specifically from XXI century. The gradient and the distinct levels of intersubjectivity that mark this network are highlighted. Based on functionalist theoretical foundations linked to the constructional approach to grammar, from Traugott and Trousdale (2013), Hilper (2014) and Diessel (2017; 2019), among others, the research, in qualiquantitative analysis, according to Cunha Lacerda (2016), focuses on data collected in the Corpus do Português/Web Dialects. It appears that, in 21st century Portuguese: a) [[para lá de] [X]] is distributed in different pairings of form and meaning, forming a network of vertically and horizontally interconnected constructions based on subschemas forged through gradual processes of language change; b) this larger scheme is distributed into four subschemas, and three of these, in turn, are also subject to subcategorization; c) such constructional network presents relative productivity in the language and demonstrates that the gradient displayed in the current synchrony is associated with contexts of emergence of intensive degree construction [[para lá de] [X]], as well as changes that occur after constructionalization, increasing the network of language constructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This interview, organized through the assembling of excerpts from the academic work of Vilson Leffa, aims to present and problematize the teaching language process mediated by digital technologies and to elicit some critical reflections concerning language teaching in the digital culture. The article invites us to take a peek into the life of Vilson Leffa, through the following provocation: "How does Linguistic Education and its intersections resignify knowledge for teachers and students in the pos-method/cyberculture era?", a central question within the perspective of linguistic education in Brazil. This interview, based on the intellectual production of this pioneer in the field of Applied Linguistics aims to: i) raise criticism about the teaching and learning of languages mediated by digital technologies from praxeologies that we consider decolonial; ii) unveil (new) methodological and theoretical possibilities that are fruitful for ruptures of conceptions crystallized in the language teachers Education in the 21st century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seeking asylum presents itself as a surviving strategy to a part of the population in the 21st century globalization period due to political, social and economic crisis. In this regard, this paper aims to analyze if the Brazilian economic crisis discourse stimulates xenophobia towards refugees sheltered in Brazil. Therefore, this article is divided into two stages. Initially, the migratory context in the 21st century is exposed, followed by and explanation of the international and national legal support regarding the refugee issue. Then, the possibility of the economic discourse as a xenophobia stimulator was pointed out. The research is based on a bibliographic methodology, pure, qualitative, descriptive and exploratory, using a legislative and data analysis of the National Refugee Committee. Thus, it is concluded that the economic crisis discourse does promote xenophobic practices, and those behaviors must be efficiently combated to there by guarantee human rights to refugees in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article was to discuss the border condition of the Brazilian Amazon between the 20th and 21st centuries from its peripheral and strategic behavior. The guiding question was: how is the border condition configured through the peripheral/strategic behavior of frontier spaces in the Amazon region of Brazil? The methodological approach was the hypothetical-deductive based on three investigation strategies; qualitative analysis of documents, review of specialized literature and fieldwork observations. The results indicate that the Amazon frontier cannot be considered peripheral or strategic in isolation. These two adjectives qualify specific historical, political and economic uses that need to be considered together to understand the border condition of the Brazilian Amazon. We conclude that the peripheral/strategic behavior reveals not only the historical-economic construction of the border, but also the choice of national decision-making centers, reflected in the public policies implemented in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of a clean and economically sustainable ecosystem has changed the context of innovations, and since the beginning of the 21st century, discussions about Ecoinnovationhave gained relevance. In this context, the present work aims to analyze the need for a National EcoinnovationSystem (SNECO) in the Wind Sector, based on the conception of national innovation systems. It starts from the theoretical development of heterodox economics, with a neo-Schumpeterian focus, which seeks to present answers to the problems encountered in the market through innovation. Methodologically, the study consists of a documental survey, analyzing theoretical and applied academic research on Ecoinnovationin an analysis of the wind sector, based on secondary data. The results show that although there is no evidence of a consolidated Brazilian energy SNECO with strong interaction in the scientific/technological, productive, and political subsystems, potentialities are perceptible. To this end, political and operational measures become necessary, expanding and reorganizing the government's strategic action, followed by cooperative actions among the organizations present in the Brazilian wind energy system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing computational thinking (CP) in children has currently been recognized as an important activity for the exercise of citizenship in the 21st century. In Brazil, there is a recommendation to develop PC in formal education since Early Childhood Education (EI). However, this segment has shown greater resistance to methodological innovations. Therefore, this research aimed at the development and application of a didactic sequence (DS) for the development of the PC in EI through which plugged activities (with the presence of hardware and software) and unplugged (without the presence of hardware and software) were proposed.) in accordance with the curricular organization of this school stage, considering the behavior of students in the face of the interactions that are provided to them, generating practical knowledge for the solution of specific problems without establishing value judgments. The results showed that it is possible to develop the PC in EI through plugged and unplugged activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global Covid-19 pandemic had seen inequalities much exacerbated and disparities between and within nations widened. The socio-economic crisis experienced in Brazil is no exception. The long-term impacts of the pandemic on our socio-economic and political lives and how they shape the production and reproduction of inequalities will continue to dominate contemporary sociological debates. We propose a set of original papers that focus not only on the measurement of social inequalities, but seek to articulate the complex social processes based on new empirical evidence on wealth distribution, well-being and life chances in the 21st century. Despite being a late-industrialized country, the general trends observed in Brazil in inequalities can shed light on similar developments in other societies, and this Special Issue aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the persistent and deepening inequalities worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudos Ibero-Americanos is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Letras de Hoje is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Roteiro is the property of Roteiro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dengue is hyperendemic in Brazil, with outbreaks affecting all regions. Previous studies identified geographical barriers to dengue transmission in Brazil, beyond which certain areas, such as South Brazil and the Amazon rainforest, were relatively protected from outbreaks. Recent data shows these barriers are being eroded. In this study, we explore the drivers of this expansion and identify the current limits to the dengue transmission zone. We used a spatio-temporal additive model to explore the associations between dengue outbreaks and temperature suitability, urbanisation, and connectivity to the Brazilian urban network. The model was applied to a binary outbreak indicator, assuming the official threshold value of 300 cases per 100,000 residents, for Brazil's municipalities between 2001 and 2020. We found a nonlinear relationship between higher levels of connectivity to the Brazilian urban network and the odds of an outbreak, with lower odds in metropoles compared to regional capitals. The number of months per year with suitable temperature conditions for Aedes mosquitoes was positively associated with the dengue outbreak occurrence. Temperature suitability explained most interannual and spatial variation in South Brazil, confirming this geographical barrier is influenced by lower seasonal temperatures. Municipalities that had experienced an outbreak previously had double the odds of subsequent outbreaks. We identified geographical barriers to dengue transmission in South Brazil, western Amazon, and along the northern coast of Brazil. Although a southern barrier still exists, it has shifted south, and the Amazon no longer has a clear boundary. Few areas of Brazil remain protected from dengue outbreaks. Communities living on the edge of previous barriers are particularly susceptible to future outbreaks as they lack immunity. Control strategies should target regions at risk of future outbreaks as well as those currently within the dengue transmission zone. Author summary: Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease that has expanded rapidly around the world due to increased urbanisation, global mobility and climate change. In Brazil, geographical barriers to dengue transmission exist, beyond which certain areas including South Brazil and the Amazon rainforest are relatively protected from outbreaks. However, we found that the previous barrier in South Brazil has shifted further south as a result of increased temperature suitability. The previously identified barrier protecting the western Amazon no longer exists. This is particularly concerning as we found dengue outbreaks tend to become established in areas after introduction. Highly influential cities with many transport links had increased odds of an outbreak. However, the most influential cities had lower odds of an outbreak than cities connected regionally. This study highlights the importance of monitoring the expansion of dengue outbreaks and designing disease prevention strategies for areas at risk of future outbreaks as well as areas in the established dengue transmission zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the connections between Wheat Pattern refined earthenwares produced in São Paulo and the Italian immigration farming colony of northeast Rio Grande do Sul during the first decades of the twentieth century. It explores the wheat symbology to discuss the role that these wares exerted in the construction of an Italian identity in southern Brazil appealing to those immigrants´ core values: agricultural labor, family life, and Catholic religiosity. Meanwhile, the fascist regime diffused these same values to build a trans-Atlantic national identity which bounded immigrants to their homeland as civilization carriers for the New Roman Empire designed by Mussolini. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]