78 results
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52. A New Politics of Confrontation? Brazil and India in Multilateral Trade Negotiations*.
- Author
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Hurrell, Andrew and Narlikar, Amrita
- Subjects
- *
CONFERENCE proceedings (Publications) , *TRADE negotiation , *GLOBALIZATION , *INTERNATIONAL economic relations , *ECONOMIC policy , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation , *CONFERENCES & conventions ,DEVELOPED countries - Abstract
Particularly in the North–South confrontation at the Cancun Ministerial Conference in 2003, developing countries seemed to be presenting a unified stance of resistance against the developed world. These developments were greeted with considerable surprise in the scholarly as well as policy communities, not least because many theorists of International Relations had predicted increasing homogenisation and policy convergence by developing countries around liberal solidarist norms. In this paper, we analyse the apparent revitalisation of the Third World, and evaluate the policies of developing countries at and around Cancun to assess the claims that this heralds a more activist and less accommodating period in North/South relations. We buttress this general analysis by probing further into the policies of two of the major players, namely Brazil and India. We argue that recent policy changes can be explained by learning and adaptation by developing countries within the specific institution of the World Trade Organisation. We examine this adaptation along four planes: coalitions, insider activism, negotiation strategies, and transnational coalitions. Domestic politics in both our country cases play, at best, a supportive role. We also investigate the extent to which these shifts in trade politics might be seen as broader shifts in foreign policy.*This work forms part of a project on Emerging Powers in International Regimes, funded by the Nuffield Foundation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
53. Coalizões Sul-Sul e Multilateralismo: índia, Brasil e África do Sul.
- Author
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de Oliveira, Amâncio Jorge Nunes, Onuki, Janina, and de Oliveira, Emmanuel
- Subjects
- *
TRADE negotiation , *INTERNATIONAL trade , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation - Abstract
This article seeks to analyze the reasons that stimulate the multilateral trade negotiations. The purpose is going to contribute for the comprehension about the basis (domestic and international) in the constitution of international coalitions, in the new context of the multilateral agenda. The international coalitions constitution trial has occupied central paper in the dynamic one of the multilateral and regional negotiations, in particular in what plays to the perspectives of the balance of forces center-periphery of the international system. The new thematic challenges about international trade and development introduce new studies about the international coalitions and alliances on the South level. This article analyzes the convergence and divergence of commercial interests between Brazil, India and Africa of the South, inside the chart of broader political-strategic interests, showing that the merely commercial aspects do not give to count of explain the kinds of alignments that are produced in the interior of the arena multilateral of commerce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
54. The dynamics of BRICS's country risk ratings and domestic stock markets, U.S. stock market and oil price.
- Author
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Hammoudeh, Shawkat, Sari, Ramazan, Uzunkaya, Mehmet, and Liu, Tengdong
- Subjects
- *
STOCK exchanges , *DOMESTIC markets , *FATS & oils , *ECONOMIC equilibrium , *POLITICAL stability , *POLITICAL risk (Foreign investments) - Abstract
Abstract: BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) are viewed currently as pillars of relative political, economic and financial stability, with the prospect of a major shift in future world power. The paper aims at investigating the relationships among the economic, financial and political country risk ratings of the BRICS and relating those risk factors to their respective national stock markets in the presence of representatives of the world's major stock markets and oil market. It also examines the interrelationships among the national country financial risk ratings factors to discern transmission of the risk spectrum among the countries of this group because of the relevance of this information to investors, traders and policy makers. The results demonstrate that only the Chinese stock market is sensitive to all the factors. Financial risk ratings generally demonstrate more sensitivity than economic and political risk ratings, and political risk is sensitive to both financial and economic risk ratings. Among the five BRICS, Brazil shows special sensitivity to economic and financial risks, while Russia and China hold strong sensitivity to political risk and India demonstrates special sensitivity to higher oil prices. Among the global factors, oil price is more sensitive to economic than financial risk, while the S&P 500 reverses this relationship. The two American quantitative easings (QEs) affect BRICS differently. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
55. Getting things done: bureaucratic and entrepreneurial approaches to the practice of participatory water management reforms in Brazil and India.
- Author
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Tankha, Sunil and Fuller, Boyd
- Subjects
- *
STAKEHOLDERS , *WATER utilities , *ENTREPRENEURSHIP - Abstract
Based on field investigations of initiatives to increase stakeholder participation in water management in Brazil and India, this paper provides insights into the practice of water sector reforms. Looking at the pace of reforms across both countries, we find that the process of creating institutions to facilitate stakeholder participation is proceeding rapidly but greater attention is required on administrative reforms and capacity building. We find that the supply and demand of participation opportunities is often mismatched, and that participation reforms in the water sector may follow two very different paths: the bureaucratic and the entrepreneurial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
56. The ethnopharmacological literature: An analysis of the scientific landscape.
- Author
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Yeung, Andy Wai Kan, Heinrich, Michael, Kijjoa, Anake, Tzvetkov, Nikolay T., and Atanasov, Atanas G.
- Subjects
- *
BIBLIOMETRICS , *BIOLOGICAL products , *COMPUTER software , *MEDICINAL plants , *MEDICAL research , *PHARMACOLOGY , *SEMANTICS , *SERIAL publications , *TRADITIONAL medicine , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *CITATION analysis - Abstract
The research into bioactive natural products originating from medicinal plants, fungi and other organisms has a long history, accumulating abundant and diverse publications. However no quantitative literature analysis has been conducted so far. Here we analyze the bibliometric data of ethnopharmacology literature and relate the semantic content to the publication and citation data so that the major research themes, contributors, and journals of different time periods could be identified and evaluated. Web of Science (WoS) was searched to identify relevant publications. The Analyze function of WoS and bibliometric software (VOSviewer) were utilized to perform the analyses. Until the end of November 2018, 59,576 publications -linked to 'ethnopharmacology' indexed by WoS, published since 1958 in more than 5600 journals, and contributed by over 20,600 institutions located in more than 200 countries/regions, were identified. The papers were published under four dominating WoS categories, namely pharmacology/pharmacy (34.4%), plant sciences (28.6%), medicinal chemistry (25.3%), and integrative complementary medicine (20.6%). India (14.6%) and China (13.2%) were dominating the publication space. The United States and Brazil also had more than 8.0% contribution each. The rest of the top ten countries/regions were mainly from Asia. There were around ten-fold more original articles (84.6%) than reviews (8.4%). Ethnopharmacological research has a consistent focus on food and plant sciences, (bio)chemistry, complementary medicine and pharmacology, with a more limited scientific acceptance in the socio-cultural sciences. Dynamic global contributions have been shifting from developed countries to economically and scientifically emerging countries in Asia, South America and the Middle East. Research on recording medicinal plant species used by traditional medicine continues, but the evaluation of specific properties or treatment effects of extracts and compounds has increased enormously. Moreover increasing attention is paid to some widely distributed natural products, such as curcumin, quercetin, and rutin. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
57. What is in your Salad? An Ecological Political Economy of the Salad Bowl of California.
- Subjects
- *
POLITICAL economic analysis , *ECONOMICS , *INTERNATIONAL trade , *EXTERNALITIES , *AGRICULTURAL industries - Abstract
What is in your Salad? An Ecological Political Economy of the Salad Bowl of CaliforniaCalifornia produces one third of the food eaten in the United States and exports billions of dollars worth of agricultural products. Monterey County, California, has some of the most intensely farmed landscape of the world and one of the most prosperous farming regions of the global North. It produces about 40 percent of the total exports originating from California. The Salinas Valley, known as the âSalad Bowlâ, produces a large portion of the total exports originating from California. The lettuce, broccoli, celery, cauliflower, spinach, asparagus, tomatoes and carrots produced here, may be part of industrialized âprecisionâ farming but are heavily dependent on human labor, specifically migrant labor. This paper interrogates the ânatureâ and the âdirtâ on agriculture/ecology in light of Californiaâs global agribusiness. It adopts an ecological political economy approach to examine the foundations of this agribusiness based on the desire to maximize productivity and profit in order to compete in a global market. It examines the systematic transformation of food into a commodity that hides devastating ecological and social costs. In particular, it examines the heavy dependence on migrant labor and conditions of labor camps to make connections between economy and ecology. The paper also examines how Salinas Valley communities are reclaiming resources, human dignity and confronting consumption.It compares these efforts to the Landless Movement in Brazil and the Organic Movement in India. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
58. Multilateralism and Trilateralism in the IBSA Partnership: Tensions and Congruities.
- Author
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Moore, Candice
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *NATIONAL security - Abstract
This paper seeks to examine the tensions between trilateralism and multilateralism in the IBSA partnership. While one of the stated goals of the partnership is multilateralism and the reform of the United Nations (IBSA Communique, 2005), the trilateral partnership that IBSA embodies appears antithetical to the representation of broader interests in each memberâs region. This issue came to a head in the months preceding the debates on UN reform in September 2005, when India, Brazil and South Africa each voiced their interest in permanent representation on the UN Security Council, but failed to win the support of their regional neighbours. More recently, it is evident in the prominence of India and Brazil in exclusive trade talks with the EU and US to save the Doha Development Round. The paper draws on the middle power literature, which sees middle powers as committed to multilateralism, but problematises this commitment by considering the growing economic and strategic significance of these states. Trilateralism is not pursued to the exclusion of North-South links, as evidenced in Brazilâs and Indiaâs increasing closeness to the US. It is thus not an alternative to robust North-South relations, as older forms of South-South solidarity (NAM and G-77) were portrayed. The paper concludes thus that the IBSA partnership is not a successor of older forms of South-South solidarity premised on multilateralism, but rather a vehicle for the development and increased levels of participation in international affairs of its three members. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
59. Is a BRIC alliance coming?: Driving-forces, Obstacles and Possible Influences.
- Author
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Ke Wang
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL economic relations , *INTERNATIONAL alliances - Abstract
The startling findings of Goldman Sachs'2003 report about the BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India and China), the continuous rapid economic growth of BRIC countries, and their much closer bilateral relationships have raised significant questions-Are the BRIC countries able to work together as an alliance? If a BRIC alliance could be created, what influences would it play regionally and internationally, and how will other big powers respond? Unfortunately, it is hard to get the answers to these questions from existing literatures because not only there have been few works that study the BRICs so far, but current studies on the BRICs are mainly made from an economic perspective. The analysis of potential political and strategic influences of the BRICs has been ignored or underdeveloped. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is, to certain extent, to fill this blank.In this paper, I first establish a theoretical framework of a modern alliance of states. Subsequently under this framework, I analyze the realistic possibility of establishing a BRIC alliance by surveying the increased bilateral relations that have been occurring between the BRIC countries, primarily since the turn of the century. Besides the driving-forces to the alliance creation and the potential gains that the BRIC countries can get by working together, the obstacles to their cooperation will be studies as well. Third, I briefly predict if a BRIC alliance could be created, what influences it would play on Asian politics and the Asia-Pacific relations, and what relevant possible responses from other powers to possible future directions of the BRIC alliance. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
60. Is a BRIC alliance coming?: Driving-forces, Obstacles and Possible Influences.
- Author
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Ke Wang
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *ECONOMIC development , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation - Abstract
The startling findings of Goldman Sachs'2003 report about the BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India and China), the continuous rapid economic growth of BRIC countries, and their much closer bilateral relationships have raised significant questions-Are the BRIC countries able to work together as an alliance? If a BRIC alliance could be created, what influences would it play regionally and internationally, and how will other big powers respond? Unfortunately, it is hard to get the answers to these questions from existing literatures because not only there have been few works that study the BRICs so far, but current studies on the BRICs are mainly made from an economic perspective. The analysis of potential political and strategic influences of the BRICs has been ignored or underdeveloped. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is, to certain extent, to fill this blank.In this paper, I first establish a theoretical framework of a modern alliance of states. Subsequently under this framework, I analyze the realistic possibility of establishing a BRIC alliance by surveying the increased bilateral relations that have been occurring between the BRIC countries, primarily since the turn of the century. Besides the driving-forces to the alliance creation and the potential gains that the BRIC countries can get by working together, the obstacles to their cooperation will be studies as well. Third, I briefly predict if a BRIC alliance could be created, what influences it would play on Asian politics and the Asia-Pacific relations, and what relevant possible responses from other powers to possible future directions of the BRIC alliance. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
61. Space and the Divided Earth: Analyzing the Space Programs of Developing Nations.
- Author
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Bolton, Iain
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMICS , *ASTRONAUTICS ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
This paper looks at the efforts of developing nations to gain access to the economic, security, and political benefits of space. The analysis in this paper compares the efforts of several developing nations and identifies the extent to which developing nations have been successful in gaining access to the many benefits of space. In measuring ?success? the analysis focuses on whether developing countries individually and/or collectively have been able to develop space capabilities and thus the essential elements of national ?space power.? Particular attention is given to the cases of India, Brazil, and China. However, attention is also given to the efforts of several other developing nations in regions such as Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America. The paper concludes by identifying several common factors that have constrained the respective efforts of developing nations and ensured that they have remained dependent upon the space capabilities and assistance of more developed nations. This dependency undercuts the ability of these aspiring space powers to improve their respective positions vis-Ã -vis the more developed nations. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
62. Higher Authority or Hired Hand? The World Bank?s Policy-Based Lending to Indian and Brazilian State Governments.
- Author
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Kirk, Jason
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL economic assistance , *FEDERAL government ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Federal democracies in the developing world?despite important differences in executive-legislative organization, party systems, and other institutions?may experience similar challenges to centrally-initiated programs of structural economic reform. Regional governments, facing electorates of their own, can reap political benefits from pursuing profligate fiscal policies, while shifting the economic costs of persistent deficit spending to the country as a whole. Central leaders, dependent on regional party-mates and coalition partners for political support, may lack the ability to impose the sub-national reforms needed to consolidate macroeconomic liberalization.In recent years, central leaders in several federal developing countries have consented to allow the World Bank to engage directly with regional governments?effectively thrusting external conditionality downward in hopes that the Bank would impose harder constraints on regional budgets. This paper investigates policy-based lending by the World Bank to sub-national state governments in India and Brazil, the first countries where it implemented such an approach beginning in the mid-1990s. Utilizing data from official interviews and primary document analysis, the paper shows that central authorities in both countries envisioned Bank conditionality as a ?two-level game? strategy for triggering reforms in the states: that is, the Bank?s conditions represented courses of action that the central authorities wanted the states to take anyway, but could not enforce on their own. While the paper argues that the two countries? reasons for authorizing sub-national adjustment lending are essentially analogous, it also shows that there have been important differences in implementation of the approach, which follow both from institutional variations in Indian and Brazilian federalism and from specific tactical decisions by the Bank in both cases. In the Brazilian case, the Bank?s state loans were soon rendered marginal and redundant by broader state debt negotiations and the passage of fiscal responsibility laws, and have receded to a small share of the Bank?s overall lending to the country. In India, state-lending became more fully articulated through two successive coalition governments at the center, and may be helping to catalyze a nascent shift to a more performance-based federal resource allocation regime. Ultimately, the analysis shows that while international institutions can shape sub-national economic governance in significant ways, in at least two of the most important countries in the developing world, such influence is still mediated through institutions of the national state. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
63. Emerging Powers & Global Development in the New Century.
- Author
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Cooper, Andrew F., Antkiewicz, Agata, and Shaw, Timothy M.
- Subjects
- *
EMERGING markets - Abstract
Established disciplines such as International Relations (IR) & International Political Economy (IPE), and even more explicitly interdisciplinary ones like Development Studies & Strategic Studies, are not always adroit in recognizing, let alone anticipating major trends. This deficiency is highlighted by the lamentable gaps in scholarship concerning the continuing reverberations from the end of bipolarity. Symptomatically, it was not scholars but a donor agency (DFID) which noticed in early 2005 that a quarter of the world's +/-200 states were 'fragile'. This paper explores whether a small group of 'emerging' economies might impact global politics, economics & societies through the first quarter of the new century as the NICs did towards the end of the last one. It is an early, experimental product of a novel collaborative project at CIGI on Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, ASEAN & Mexico (BRICSAM). The paper focuses on four interrelated aspects of the emergence of BRICSAM on the world stage:i)non-state as well as state impacts on - local to global - governance;ii)regionalisms, institutional as well as 'new' informal modalities;iii)orthodox as well as 'new' (human) security; &iv)implications for various forms of multilateralism as a possible antidotes to US inclinations towards unilateralism. The paper concludes by reflecting on such a possible shift in geopolitics for the analysis & practice of IR & IPE, Development & Security Studies. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
64. The BRICs Countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) as Analytical Category: Mirage or Insight?
- Author
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Armijo, Leslie Elliott
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *ECONOMICS ,INDUSTRIES & economics - Abstract
American hegemony has passed its peak. The twenty-first century will see a more multi-polar international system. Yet Western European countries may not be the United States' main foils in decades to come. Four new poles of the international system are now widely known in the business and financial press as the "BRICs economies" (Brazil, Russia, India, and China). Does the concept of "the BRICs" have meaning within a rigorous political science framing? From the perspective of an economic liberal employing neoclassical assumptions to understand the world economy, the category's justification is surprisingly weak. In contrast, a political or economic realist's framing instructs us to focus on states that are increasing their relative material capabilitiesâ”as each of the four is. Finally, within a liberal institutionalist's mental model, the BRICs countries are a compelling set, yet one with a deep cleavage between two sub-groups: large emerging powers likely to remain authoritarian or revert to that state, and those that are securely democratic. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
65. A Rentier Theory of Subnational Authoritarian Enclaves: The Politically Regressive Effects of Progressive Federal Revenue Redistribution.
- Author
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Gervasoni, Carlos
- Subjects
- *
DEMOCRACY , *AUTHORITARIANISM , *DEMOCRATIZATION - Abstract
Levels of democracy at the subnational level vary significantly in many federations, especially in developing democracies such as Argentina, Brazil, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa. Instances of subnational authoritarianism are not uncommon in such nations. The literature on democracy and democratization, however, has mainly focused on regimes at the national level. Using quantitative evidence from the 24 Argentine provinces, I test theories of democracy that have been proposed by the national-level literature, and argue, drawing on rentier and fiscal theories of the state, that a key factor explaining variance in subnational democracy is the extent to which the incumbent in each unit benefits from rents. A burgeoning recent literature has studied the regime effects of natural resource rents (such as those produced by oil), and has suggested that, in very poor countries, foreign aid functions as a form of rent that hinders democracy. I argue that, in middle-income federations such as Argentina, the main source of subnational rents is the redistribution of tax revenues collected by the federal government. Rules and practices that disproportionally allocate these fiscal resources to poorer or smaller units provide their incumbents with generous rents that allow them to restrict democratic competition. Thus, fiscally progressive redistribution often results in politically regressive outcomes. A recursive OLS regression model shows that, in Argentina, the larger the federal fiscal (and oil) rents a province receives, the lower its level of democratic competition, even after controlling for modernization and other alternative theoretical accounts of democracy. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
66. NATIONAL CAPITALISMS OUTSIDE THE INDUSTRIAL CORE: ORGANIZINGMONEY IN 19TH CENTURY INDIA AND BRAZIL.
- Author
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Armijo, Leslie Elliott
- Subjects
- *
CAPITALISM , *DEMOCRACY , *POWER (Social sciences) , *POLITICAL systems , *ECONOMIC policy - Abstract
How might we think about "varieties of capitalism" outside the set of advanced capitalist democracies? I argue that the essential source of variation among national capitalisms outside the industrial core originates with the underlying pattern of political domination, that is, the political regime type. This essay identifies six ideal-types of national political systems hypothesized to have implications for the evolution of alternative national economic regulatory frameworks, and illustrates the model with a pair of cases from 19th century India and Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
67. Zipf, Gibrat and geography: Evidence from China, India and Brazil.
- Author
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Soo, Kwok Tong
- Subjects
- *
ZIPF'S law , *GIBRAT'S law , *GAUSSIAN distribution , *MARKET potential , *MARKETING strategy , *POPULATION - Abstract
We investigate Zipf's Law on the size distribution and Gibrat's Law on the growth of sub-national populations in China, India and Brazil. We reject Zipf's Law for India, but not for China and Brazil; a log normal distribution also fits Brazil well, but not China and India. Gibrat's Law holds for Brazil; that is, lagged population is the best predictor of current population in Brazil. In China, market potential is an important predictor of population growth, while in India both crop area and market potential are important. Our results show that there is a diversity of experiences across countries, and we speculate that this diversity maybe caused by differences in the characteristics of the three countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
68. The Role of Courts in Emerging Democracies: Fire Alarms, Roadblocks, and Incomplete Commitments.
- Author
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Brinks, Daniel
- Subjects
- *
COURTS , *NEW democracies , *LAW & politics - Abstract
The increasing relevance of courts in the political processes of emerging democracies has triggered at least two waves of academic response. On the one hand it has engendered a proliferation of labels, from "gouvernement de juges," to judicialization, to juristocracy, to legalization. And on the other, it has caused a great deal of handwringing and concern regarding the democratic credentials of a practice that puts judges squarely in the middle of vital policy debates. In this paper we explore the contours of the phenomenon which we call "legalization," with an eye to understanding its internal processes and dynamics. After establishing an empirical foundation for how courts and legalization actually work, we argue that courts are most effective when they fulfill certain political functions. Courts can be most consequential, we argue, when they intervene in three stylized situations - resolving governance deficits (removing roadblocks); monitoring policy success (raising "fire alarms"); and monitoring compliance with incomplete commitments. The paper is based on a five country (Brazil, India, Indonesia, Nigeria and South Africa) empirical analysis of litigation for the rights to health and education. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
69. One âTripsâ and Two Paths: The Politics of HIV/AIDS in Brazil and India.
- Author
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Olsen, Tricia and Sinha, Aseema
- Subjects
- *
HIV , *AIDS , *HEALTH policy , *HIV infections - Abstract
Despite working under the same international regulatory framework, domestic HIV/AIDS policy in Brazil and India is quite distinct. Our paper seeks to explain this puzzle through a comparative historical analysis utilizing recently compiled data. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
70. The India, Brazil, South Africa Alliance: A Sensible Alternative to South-South Cooperation.
- Author
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White, Lyal
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL economic integration , *INTERNATIONAL economic relations - Abstract
The world is no longer divided along the neatly defined poles of ideology and development. With growing discontent around the results of economic globalisation there is a resurgence of South-South cooperation and a need to develop an alternative to the current orthodoxy that shapes the global agenda and the international political economy at large. But the response from the South is far from united. Despite a common need to address inequalities and unacceptable levels of poverty, countries are divided on basic approaches to achieve the ambitious outcomes required. These are compounded by ideological differences and power struggles of influence, which have traditionally hampered progressive South-South dialogue in the past. The India, Brazil, South Africa (IBSA) alliance is different. With common goals and objectives, and a coherent agenda, IBSA proposes a feasible plan to address some of the most pressing issues in the developing world by integrating the South, engaging the developed north and effectively using multilateral fora to truly benefit the marginalised masses in developing countries. IBSA proposes greater coherence and dialogue toward tangible economic and developmental outcomes as opposed to the ideologically loaded rhetoric that tends to dominate other (and previous) alliances of the South â" united in what they are against, but vague on feasible alternatives for progress forward. This paper will explore the role of IBSA - and its priorities - in shaping the new and emerging economic order from the South. IBSA forms the hard core of developing countries that is carving out a new path for economic development for less developed countries and seeks to integrate the majority of less developed countries that have been largely excluded from the formal global economic systems. This approach of engagement and targeted development programmes will be discussed. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
71. South-South Cooperation: Coalitions and Multilateral Negotiations. The Case of IBSA (Brazil, India and South Africa).
- Author
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Oliveira, Amancio and Onuki, Janina
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *INTERNATIONAL trade , *COMMERCIAL policy - Abstract
The international coalition formation process has played a central role in the dynamics of multilateral and regional trade negotiations, particularly as concerns the outlook for the re-balance of central-peripheral forces of the international system. The reopening of a new round of multilateral negotiations, focusing precisely on new thematic challenges regarding international trade and routes to development, reintroduces the centrality of the role of South-South alliances.In practice, cooperative efforts of this nature are already making themselves felt with the formation of a series of coalitions, whereas emphasis must be placed on G-20 and G-3 (IBSA). The essential aspect to be retained is that, taking into consideration the dimension of the convergence of international business interests strictly speaking, the partnership between India and Brazil, at the starting point of efforts to build international coalitions, is clearly counterintuitive.With a basis on the Compared Foreign Policy Analysis, the objective of this paper is to contribute towards a more comprehensive understanding of the bases (domestic and international) of the formation of international coalitions, of the South-South type in the new context of the multilateral agenda. A comparative matrix will be built as an analytical instrument. Based on databased with variables, the compared analysis of these variables will permit the itemization of vectors of convergence and divergence among the countries capable of indicating the stability and effectiveness of the coalition. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
72. Southern comfort, eastern promise.
- Subjects
- *
BIOTECHNOLOGY , *HIGH technology , *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations , *CREATIVE ability in technology , *INVENTIONS , *ANTIRETROVIRAL agents , *ANTIVIRAL agents , *INDUSTRIALIZATION , *GENERIC drugs , *GENERIC products , *COMMERCIAL products , *BUSINESS names ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
The article discusses how countries such as India and China have shown they can move beyond western imitation to homegrown innovation in certain fields, such as telecommunications and information technology. The same is increasingly true of biotechnology, argues a report just published in Nature Biotechnology by a group at the University of Toronto. The study looks at the state of medical biotechnology in six developing countries--Brazil, China, Cuba, Egypt, India and South Africa--and one recently industrialised one, South Korea, to understand what it takes to build a healthy biotech sector. Many of the countries studied, which began investing in biotech in the 1980s, are starting to see the fruits of their labour. The number of scientific papers on health biotechnology published by researchers in Brazil and Cuba, for example, more than tripled between 1991 and 2002. Much of the biotech industry in the developing world is based on copying western innovation. But such generic manufacturing can be a springboard to more innovative activities. India's pharmaceutical firms are playing an important role in the global fight against AIDS by selling generic versions of anti-retroviral drugs at a fraction of the price charged by their western inventors in the rich world. There are plenty of other hurdles that the countries studied in the report need to tackle before their biotech blossoms fully. Brazil needs better links between academia and industry. Egypt's budding biotechnologists are short of cash from both government and private sources. India's regulatory system is slowing down product development. South Africa needs to do more to reverse its brain drain, and train more researchers to boost their ranks.
- Published
- 2004
73. Crumbs from the BRICs-man's table.
- Subjects
- *
FINANCIAL crises , *RECESSIONS ,ECONOMIC conditions in developing countries ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
The article discusses how the countries of Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRICS) have helped poorer nations emerge from the global recession. According to the article, the study "Global Financial Crisis Discussion Paper Synthesis (phase 2)" by Dirk Willem te Velde from the Overseas Development Institute found that emerging powers affect the growth prospects of poorer ones. How the BRICS' deals have affected trade and foreign direct investment from the West to Africa are discussed.
- Published
- 2010
74. Industrialised Countries and Developing Countries on the Regime of Climate Change: A Comparative Reading.
- Author
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de Souza, Matilde and Zahreddine, Danny
- Subjects
- *
CLIMATE change , *INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
This article aims to address the difficulties of understanding between countries on courses of action regarding the regime of Climate Change, focusing the position of Japan and Germany on one hand and Brazil and India on the other, in the process that has ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
75. What determines BRICSA Preferences in the Global Financial Architecture? The Case of India and the G20.
- Author
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Carey, Brendan
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL competition , *INTERNATIONAL economic relations , *GLOBALIZATION - Abstract
The increasing role of India, alongside the other so called BRICSA countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa), in the global economy is one of the most significant and talked about issues in contemporary IPE. Much has been written about Indiaâ ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
76. Two Worlds Apart? Reconciling the Regional and the Trilateral in the Foreign Policies of India, Brazil and South Africa.
- Author
-
Vieira, Marco
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL relations ,FOREIGN relations of India, 1984- ,BRAZILIAN foreign relations, 1985- - Abstract
In face of todayâs increasingly fragmented, fast-changing and complex international order, key governments in the South are seeking to coordinate multilateral action by establishing smaller coalitions of like-minded states and narrower goals â"a clear depa ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
77. Institutional Design, Lobbying Behaviour and Policy Outcomes: Evidence from Brazil and India.
- Author
-
Yadav, Vineeta
- Subjects
- *
LOBBYING , *SOCIAL pressure , *PRESSURE groups - Abstract
I argue design of the legislative policy process drives lobbying behavior. This is supported by analysis using 2006 survey data of organized business interest groups in Brazil & India. It tests 3 alternative theories â" sector, issue and institutions. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
78. Determinants of Lobbying Strategies on Economic Issues: An Empirical Analysis of Brazil and India.
- Author
-
Yadav, Vineeta
- Subjects
- *
LOBBYING , *PROPAGANDA , *POLITICAL participation , *POLITICAL parties - Abstract
Lobbies affect the information asymmetry between parties and members. This strengthens parties in systms where institutions allow them to identify, reward, and punish members; & weakens them otherwise. I use survey data on lobbies from Brazil & India ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
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