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Introduction: Poor oral hygiene has long been recognized as a major risk factor for periodontal disease. Good oral hygiene can be defined as good hygienic practice and positive attitude of keeping the mouth healthy and clean. Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the effects of associated factors toward oral hygiene behaviour specifically on attitude and practice stratified by gender among rural school adolescents in Malaysia. Methodoloy: Data were obtained from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2017, which implemented a two-stage stratified random sampling design. 11,598 adolescents in rural school were analysed using Complex sample logistic regression in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: The prevalence of good oral hygiene practice and attitude among adolescents in rural school were 63.9% and 52.6% respectively. Female had higher prevalence of good practice compared to male, (66.7%, 61.2%), but presented similar result for attitude; male (52.8%) and female (52.5%). For male, higher significant of practice found to be among Bumiputera Sarawak with AOR, 2.27 (95% CI:1.31, 3.92) and Form 3 (AOR=1.50, 95% CI:1.17, 1.92). While for attitude, significant effect among those in Form 5 (AOR=2.64, 95% CI: 1.05, 6.60) and taking milk (AOR=1.64, 95% CI:1.39, 1.92). For female, Form 5 had significantly higher effect of practice (AOR=4.90, 95% CI:1.56, 15.34) and those were Bumiputera Sarawak (AOR=4.46, 95% CI:2.34, 8.50). While for attitude, Form 3 had significantly higher with AOR, 1.27 (95% CI:1.01, 1.60) and taking milk (AOR=1.55, 95% CI:1.34, 1.79). Conclusion: This study found that Form 5, Form 3, Bumiputera Sarawak and those taking milk had significantly higher effect on practice and attitude compared to those were not. [Disclaimer: Abstract text might vary slightly from what is displayed in the e-poster], This poster was submitted to the 14th National Conference for Clinical Research (NCCR) on August 18-20 2021. https://nccrconference.com.my/

Introduction There is a strong need for having a focal point such as a data repository platform to ensure that evidence produced in local context can be collected, managed, protected and disseminated to relevant parties in timely manner. In establishing such platform, understanding the best practices and major characteristics of established data repositories on health-related research data worldwide would be the first crucial step. A scoping review was thus performed with the objective of mapping the characteristics of online-based health-related research data repositories that are being practised globally. Methodology A three phase processes was performed which include; identifying relevant articles from major online databases, namely Pubmed, CINAHL, Web of Science and Google Scholar; charting the data, and; collating and summarising the data from the articles collected. Results A total of 46 final articles were identified and analysed. Majority of the articles discussed on platforms which are based in the United States and Canada (n=26), combination of more than one country (n=9), Europe (n=8), Africa (n=2), and Asia (n=1). Three major themes emerged that describe the characteristics of these data repositories, namely; Data deposit and archive; Data retrieval and access; Data policy and governance. Discussion/Conclusion The scoping review has revealed the major characteristics of established health-related research data repositories that are being practised globally. It is thus imperative to adopt these characteristics in local data repository platforms to enhance the function of these platforms especially for organisations that produce and manage local research products such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Malaysia. [Disclaimer: Abstract text might vary slightly from what is displayed in the e-poster], This poster was submitted to the 14th National Conference for Clinical Research (NCCR) in August 18-20, 2021. https://nccrconference.com.my/

IntroductionUndernutrition remains to be the underlying cause to the mortality and morbidity of children globally despite being preventable Underweight, also known as low weight for age, is one of the indicators of malnutrition. Approximately, 10.9 million children under five died in developing countries each year and 60% of the deaths directly or indirectly due to malnutrition. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for underweight among children under five years old in Putrajaya. MethodologyA case-control study with a one-to-one ratio between underweight and normal weight children. total of 364 children with underweight and 364 children with normal weight were successfully recruited in this study. The sample was recruited from all government health clinics and preschools in Putrajaya. Data collection was performed by four approaches, face to face interview, anthropometric measurements, finger prick for assessment of hemoglobin level and self-administered 3-days food diary. WHO Anthro software was used to determine the nutritional status of children in this study. Descriptive statistical analysis and logistic regression were performed to determine risk factors that contributed to underweight. Results[Refer to Poster]. Discussion and ConclusionLow birth-weight is the strongest risk factor of underweight. Children with short stature parent three times more likely to become underweight compared to the children with parents height more than 160cm. This indicated that there was a significant association between the care of babysitters and underweight children. Low household income and monthly expenditure for childcare less than RM1000 was associated with underweight children. Anaemia was one of the significant factors related to underweight among children in Putrajaya. This study suggests early pregnancy intervention among mothers to improve foetus nutrition and health status during pregnancy. &nbsp

IntroductionAccording to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) globally was 9.1% . Malaysia recorded a similar prevalence of 9.07% in the 2011’s National Health and Morbidity Survey . We aim to determine the current prevalence and associated factors of CKD among adults in Malaysia. Materials and MethodsA nation-wide, population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 among adults aged ≥18-year-old. Total of 1,398 adults were randomly selected, using stratified cluster method. Blood for serum creatinine and random blood sugar was taken from respondents at their home by qualified staff from a nearby Ministry of Health (MOH) hemodialysis unit. Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) was measured using a single urine sample. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was measured with a calibrated serum creatinine using the CKD-EPI equation. CKD was defined as eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m or the presence of persistent albuminuria if eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73m . ResultsA total of 1398 individuals were approached for this study, and 75% of them (n = 1047) consented to participate. Serum creatinine was measured in 977 respondents. The final analysis set comprised of 890 respondents. Table 1 shows the prevalence of CKD by stages (n = 890). Our study shows that the prevalence of CKD in Malaysia was 15.48% (95% CI: 12.30, 19.31). Using multivariate analysis, as seen in Table 2, shows that hypertension (aOR 3.72), diabetes mellitus (aOR 3.32), increasing Body Mass Index (aOR 1.06), and increasing age (aOR 1.06) were significantly associated with CKD. DiscussionThis study has demonstrated a rising prevalence of CKD in Malaysia over the last 7 years since the previous study, the prevalence of 9.07 in 2011 to 15.48% currently. The probable reasons accounting for this rising trend are the increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases that is associated with CKD and changes in population demographics. National Health Morbidity Surveys have shown an alarming increase in the prevalence of diabetes in Malaysia over the past decade; from 11.2% in 2011 to 18.3.2% in 2019 ; with the prevalence of hypertension persistently high at above 30.0% in the same surveys. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults had also increased during the same period. Prevalence of obesity was 15.1% in 2011 and 19.7% in 2019 . Population ageing in Malaysia could also have contributed to the observed increase in CKD prevalence as the median age of the overall Malaysian population was 26.3 years in 2010 and 28.6 in 2018 . ConclusionThe results show the need to continue surveillance for CKD and its associated factors in Malaysia and to implement new strategies aimed at preventing the development and progression of CKD. The adoption of CKD prevention and management initiatives (ACT-KID 2018-2025) , can improve CKD care at every level especially its prevention and early detection.

IntroductionObesity is associated with numerous health risks including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Worldwide obesity has almost tripled since 1975.This study aimed to report overweight and obesity prevalence trends of Malaysian adults from the three National Health and Morbidity Surveys (NHMS 2011, 2015 and 2019). Materials and Methods A cross sectional, population based survey utilised a complex study design with two stage stratified cluster sampling. The survey involved all states and federal territories in Malaysia to produce nationally representative data. Data collection included sociodemographic questionnaires via face-to-face interview and anthropometric assessment including weight, height and waist circumference (WC), were carried out by trained researchers. Validated and calibrated equipment were used for the assessment: > TANITA HD 319 weighing scale > SECA 213 Stadiometer (for height measurement) > SECA 201 measuring tape (for waist circumference measurement). Overweight is defined with Body Mass Index (BMI) of 25 kg/m2 or higher and obese, BMI 30 kg/m2 or higher according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Descriptive data analysis was done using SPSS version 26. ResultsApproximately about 46,880 respondents were involved in the surveys. Overweight prevalence increased from NHMS 2011 through 2015 to 2019 (29.4%, 30.0% and 30.4%). Obesity prevalence was seen increased from 2011 (15.1%) to 2015 (17.7%) and highest seen in 2019 (19.7%). Discussion and ConclusionPrevalence of overweight and obesity keep increased from previous surveys. Increased in weight was seen to be associated with lower education level and higher household income, as supported by an international study stated the wealthier an individual, the more likely to be overweight. Immediate action on public health policies and healthier living environment are emphasized to ensure the awareness and practice among Malaysians in reducing overall health and obesity related risks.

Introduction Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) recently received much attention as an indicator for early health risk (diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular). Many Asian countries such as India, China, and Korea have proposed that WHtR 0.5 be used for screening in other population. The data also confirmed that the cut off value of WHtR 0.5 for increased risk is appropriate across age, gender and ethnic population in adults. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of adults who are at risk by WHtR but missed by BMI screening from the Malaysia NMHS 2015 Study. It is also to investigate whether WHtR is an independent anthropometric predictor for diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, high systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Materials and Methods Recent data of the Malaysia National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2015 was used. The sampling design used two staged stratified random sampling. WHtR is defined as waist circumference in centimetres divided by height in centimetres. Data collection was from Mac 2015 till June 2015. A descriptive analysis for socioeconomic and anthropometric variables was carried out. Correlations between the variables BMI, WHtR, systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), Total cholesterol and Diabetes were checked using Pearson correlation test. The analysis of ROC curve (receiver operating characteristics) was used to assess the accuracy of BMI,WC and WHtR as early health risk indicators for diabetes, high systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and high cholesterol. Results A total of 20767 adults were recruited for this study. 18373 selected after considering exclusion criteria. Data from Table 1 shows the summary of anthropometry data of the study. Results from NHMS 2015 reported a mean ration for WHtR of 0.53 for Malaysian population regardless of gender, ethnicity and age. Findings from this study ( Table 2) showed 19.4% ( 1 in 5) of adults with ‘normal weight by BMI’ have WHtR greater than 0.5 and therefore are at health risk. Discussion / Conclusion This study showed that there were certain percentage of Malaysian population that were missed by BMI screening but found to be at risk by WHtR. Areas under ROC curve showed WHtR was the predictor for the best performance for diabetes and high cholesterol but not systolic pressure and diastolic pressureLimitation of this study was that three blood pressure measurements were taken almost simultaneously. In view of considering NHMS 2015 survey as one of the largest population-based survey, it can be concluded that a cut-off point of 0.5 for WHtR should be sufficient and acceptable to indicate Malaysian population that are at risk or increased health risk regardless of ethnicity, gender and age.

IntroductionHIgh dietary sodium chloride (salt) intake is a risk factor of hypertension and other non-communicable diseases.Study done among Malaysia adults about 79% consumed high sodium diet. Poor knowledge and practice towards reducing salt intake contribute to high sodium consumption.The aim of this study is to determine practice of salt control among adult in Malaysia. Methodology [Refer to Poster]. Results[Refer to Poster]. ConclusionAbout half of Malaysian population have good salt control in their daily dietary intake. Encourage food industry in reformulation sodium content. More programme needs to be conducted to improve good salt practices.

Previous findings from a state-wide Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) study among pregnant women (PW) in Sarawak indicated that PW are at risk of IDD and further study is needed. This paper describes the methodology used in conducting this study on assessment of risk of iodine deficiency among pregnant women in Sarawak, Malaysia. Thirty maternal child health care clinics (MCHCs) were selected using probability proportional to population size (PPS) sampling technique. The PW sample size was calculated based on 95% confidence interval (CI), relative precision of 5%, design effect of 2, anticipated IDD prevalence of 65.0% and non-response rate of 20%. Thus, the total sample size required was 750 (25 respondents per selected MCHC). The WHO Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) surveys approach was used to randomly select the first respondent and subsequent respondents were chosen until the required number of PW was met. The required data were obtained through: face-to-face interviews (socio-demographic and food frequency questionnaire), clinical assessments (thyroid size, and hyper/hypothyroidism) and biochemical analysis (urine and blood serum). A total of 677 PW responded in the study with a response rate of 90.2%. Majority of the PW were at second gravida, aged 25-29 years old and of Malay ethnicity. The methodology used in this study was based on international guidelines which may provide state’s estimates. All the necessary steps were taken into consideration to ensure valid and reliable findings on current iodine status among PW.