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This study aimed to examine the opinions of parents with children diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder about genetic tests. A total of 540 parents living in Turkey participated in the study face‐to‐face and online. A questionnaire form prepared by the researchers was used as the data collection instrument. Face‐to‐face data were collected in different institutions in the cities of İzmir, Bursa and Antalya, while online data were collected through Google Forms. The results revealed that parents' views on genetic testing differed according to the sex and age of the child, as well as the parents' level of education and income, and whether the parents had genetic testing during pregnancy (p < 0.05). In the analysis, it was determined that parents' knowledge and awareness levels about genetic tests were generally low, while parents who reported that they would consider having genetic tests had concerns about the storage of their DNA materials, family conflicts that could be caused by genetic tests, and the compatibility of genetic tests with their religious beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Methods Results Conclusion To investigate the effect of preadmission education given to laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy patients on preoperative and postoperative anxiety, postoperative pain, and patient vital signs.The study was designed as randomized, controlled, experimental, and single‐blind. This study was conducted with 68 patients who met the inclusion criteria and underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in the general surgery clinic of a university hospital between December 2022 and October 2023. Data were collected using the ‘Perioperative Form,’ ‘Visual Analog Scale,’ and ‘State Anxiety Scale I‐II.’ Intervention group patients were informed and educated about the surgical process in the outpatient clinic. The anxiety levels of all patients were determined with the State Anxiety Scale the day before surgery. In the postoperative period, vital signs (once), anxiety (on the first day after surgery), and pain levels (eight times during 48 h) were measured.In the analysis between the groups, the difference between the duration of postoperative hospital stay (p = 0.007), pain (p = 0.000 for all measured), and anxiety levels (p = 0.000) was statistically significant. There were also significant differences in the diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.007), body temperature (p = 0.000), and saturation values (p = 0.000). Patients' readiness level for surgery was the most influential factor in postoperative pain levels (p = 0.000).The education given to the patients before hospitalization decreased preoperative and postoperative anxiety levels, postoperative hospital stay and pain levels, and positively affected diastolic blood pressure, body temperature and saturation levels. One‐to‐one education given to patients in the outpatient clinic also contributes positively to their readiness for surgery. This study provides valuable evidence to the wider global clinical community by demonstrating the important benefits of preadmission education for patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Implementation of similar educational interventions in diverse healthcare settings worldwide may lead to increased postoperative recovery and improved overall patient well‐being after bariatric surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most coal in India originates from the Korb basin (Chhattisgarh), where coal mines, thermal power, and aluminum plants operate. Groundwater in this region faces severe pollution due to land reclamation, leaching of coal‐related contaminants, waste disposal, and industrial effluent seepage. This work presents results from monitoring groundwater pollution in the Korba basin from 2012 to 2017. Fluoride, aluminum, manganese, and iron levels exceeded acceptable quality limits across all 28 studied locations, with excessive nitrate, magnesium, calcium, and lead levels in specific sites. Tracking seasonal and temporal fluctuations in the most polluted site, namely Kudurmal, revealed peak solute concentrations during the monsoon period and a sustained 18% increase during the study period. Factorial analysis suggests groundwater contamination arises from both human activities and natural sources. These findings underscore the urgent necessity of devising remediation strategies for the drinking water supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) and endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS) are safe and frequently used minimally invasive procedures. However, the decision to undergo an interventional procedure causes anxiety development and negative consequences in the individual. Objective. To determine the role of the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), visual analog scale (VAS), and serum copeptin levels, their sensitivity, specificity, and the correlation between them in the anxiety levels of patients before undergoing FOB and EBUS. Method. A total of 219 patients who were scheduled to undergo FOB/EBUS were included in this prospective observational study. Demographic data were recorded. Patients' anxiety levels before the procedure were evaluated using STAI‐SA, STAI‐TA, BAI, and VAS. Copeptin levels were measured before and after the procedure. Results. Patients were moderately anxious according to STAI‐SA, STAI‐TA, and VAS and were mildly anxious according to the BAI. Women and patients aged under 65 years were significantly more anxious. All scales were positively correlated. Serum copeptin levels before the procedure were 5.8 ± 4.8 and 4.3 ± 3.9 ng/mL afterwards, with a significant difference between them. The specificity and sensitivity of VAS were found to be the highest. Conclusion. All anxiety scales are correlated with each other, and we recommend VAS as a powerful alternative for determining anxiety levels in terms of easier understanding and implementation. Serum copeptin levels before the procedure were significantly higher than afterwards and may be used as a potential biomarker for preprocedural anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to develop the Cyberbullying Awareness Scale (CAS) for adolescents, which assesses adolescents' awareness about cyberbullying, and to examine the psychometric properties of the scale by conducting validity and reliability studies. In this context, evidence on the validity and reliability of the scale was obtained in two separate studies. In Study 1 (N = 552), scale items were developed, content validity was examined, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to determine the factor structure of the scale. In addition, criterion‐related validity and reliability analyses were performed. The mean age of the participants in Study 1 was 14.6. In Study 2 (N = 338), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed to confirm the factorial structure obtained as a result of EFA. The mean age of the participants in Study 2 was 14.8. As a result of the research, it was determined that the CAS for adolescents had a three‐factor structure comprised of Cyberbullying Tendency, Coping with Cyberbullying and Protection from Cyberbullying. The internal consistency coefficients were calculated as 0.80 for the Cyberbullying Tendency sub‐dimension, 0.76 for the Coping with Cyberbullying sub‐dimension and 0.63 for the Protection from Cyberbullying sub‐dimension. In line with the obtained results, it can be said that the CAS for adolescents is a valid and reliable measurement tool for determining the awareness of adolescents in the 12–18 age group on cyberbullying. Practitioner points: Cyberbullying Tendency, Coping with Cyberbullying and Protection from Cyberbullying are the three main dimensions of cyberbullying awareness for adolescents.CAS is a valid and reliable measurement tool that assesses adolescents' Cyberbullying Tendency, knowledge level about Protection from Cyberbullying and copying strategies for cyberbullying.In the prevention of cyberbullying in adolescence, it is important to determine the awareness levels of adolescents toward cyberbullying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the concept of "postmigration" as an alternative framework for understanding migration. The author argues that the term "migration" is limited in capturing the complexities of the migration experience and that "postmigration" offers a more comprehensive approach. However, the author also acknowledges two major problems with the postmigration framework: the persistent marginalization of racialized people and the question of its added value to existing critiques of migration scholarship. The author suggests incorporating the concept of the embodiment of inequalities to refine the postmigration framework and calls for further research on the differential impacts of migration on different bodies. [Extracted from the article]

In this research, a new Ag(I) complex, namely, [Ag(5‐chloro‐1H‐benzimidazole)2(NO3)], has been synthesized using the benzimidazole‐based ligand 5‐chloro‐1H‐benzimidazole (5ClBZ). Ag(I) complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, UV‐Vis, FT‐IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and DFT analysis was used. The free ligand and its Ag(I) complexes were tried for their biochemical properties, including antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. To study the molecular structures of the title compounds, in silico ADME/Tox research was performed on the newly made complex and free ligand. The empirical guidelines relating to ADME were utilized to conduct molecular docking simulations and in‐depth drug‐likeness profiling. This was carried out to validate the conclusions and identify exact binding interactions. Based on the study's findings, it has been determined that these new compounds have significant potential as powerful therapeutic agents for controlling antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the current challenges in the field, this study will contribute to the development of a highly versatile magnetic core/shell nanocomposite by addressing issues in the synthesis and functionalization of Fe3O4 nanoparticles through the presentation of innovative solutions. Firstly, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized. Tetraethyl orthosilicate was used as a silicon source and Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized. The outer surface of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles were modified and converted into Fe3O4@SiO2−NH2 structure. These modified particles were then functionalized with alkyl bromide to be used as an ATRP initiator and Fe3O4@SiO2−Br structure was obtained. The polymerization of 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMA) monomer on the particle surface was achieved by the SI‐ATRP method. In the last step, betainization of Fe3O4@SiO2−PDMA composite was worked, and the salts of gold and silver were added to composite systems. The dispersions of the metal loaded Fe3O4@SiO2−βPDMA composite was obtained and used as catalysts in the reduction reaction of p‐nitrophenol to p‐aminophenol. Consequently, Fe3O4@SiO2−βPDMA composite system with magnetic properties in the range of 145–160 nm was prepared. The structure of synthesized magnetic nanoparticle was characterized by PXRD, TEM, TG‐DTA and the catalyst activity in the reduction reaction of p‐nitrophenol to p‐aminophenol was examined by UV‐vis spectrophotometer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several million tons of coal are extracted which discharge the contaminated mineral water into the environment in the coal mines located in the Korba basin (Chhattisgarh, India) chosen as the study area. The aim of this work is to describe: (i) the physico‐chemical characteristics (pH, EC, TDS, DO, RP, CC (carbonate carbon), OC (organic carbon) F−, Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, SiO44−, PO43−, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Al, As, Sb, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Hg) of the coal mine water samples, (ii) spatial, seasonal (i.e. PrM (pre‐monsoon), M (monsoon) and PtM (post monsoon) and temporal (over the period of 2012–2017) variations, (iii) sources of contaminants from fourteen coal mines, (iv) suitability of the water for drinking and other uses, and (v) health impact of the mine water in view of developing remedial approaches. The mine water is neutral in nature with high TDS (total dissolved solid) values ranging from 620 to 13711 mg L−1 due to mainly high carbon content. The concertation of all species lies between 519–11432 mg L−1 with maximum value of OC. The most dominating species were OC, CC, Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, Na, and Ca. Species, that is, F−, OC, Al, Fe, As, Sb, Cd, Pb, and Hg occurred beyond their limits. Their higher concentration in the PtM is observed. Water quality index (WQI) values ranged from 17.52 to 95.68 in the PtM period. 42.85%, 21.42%, and 7.14% of water samples represent "excellent water", "good water" and "poor water" respectively in the PtM period. In addition, the fertilizer and trace element concentrations in the water samples were compared with the limit values determined for usability as drinking water. Accordingly, it was concluded that it is not suitable for use as drinking water in terms of TDS, F−, and NO3− concentrations. In addition, AsT (total arsenic), F− and NO3− pollutants were detected in the water samples, and it was observed that F− and NO3− ions did not have a carcinogenic effect. A health risk assessment of As has been made, and it is found that adults and children have a low risk of developing cancer from the exposure. However, arsenic has high non‐carcinogenic and potentially harmful effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Pulsed electric field (PEF) has become a reality in the food industry as a non‐thermal application. PEF is used due to its benefits such as increasing the extraction of anthocyanin or other bioactive substances, shortening the fermentation time, and reducing the microbiological load by electroporation. This study aimed to determine the effect of PEF pretreatment on the fermentation, chemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of shalgam juice. For this purpose, PEF with 1 kV cm−1 of field strength was used as a pretreatment for shalgam juice and changes in control and PEF‐treated samples were monitored during fermentation and 70 days of cold storage (4 °C). RESULTS: The pH and lactic acid content during fermentation were similar for both samples. The effect of PEF on pH (3.15–3.39), titratable acidity (4.35–5.49 g L−1), total phenolic content (279–766 mg mL−1 GAE) and antioxidant activity (694–2091 μmol Trolox mL−1) during storage was insignificant. PEF‐treated samples had lower total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (~9%) and lactic acid bacteria (~3%) counts than the control samples at the end of 70 days. Sensory analyses performed at 30th and 60th days of storage with 74 panelists revealed that the color, taste, sourness, saltiness, bitterness, and general acceptability were not inversely affected by PEF. CONCLUSION: Our results could be a basis to produce shalgam juice commercially by PEF treatment. Although more studies with new experimental designs should be carried out, preliminary results indicated that the use of PEF might have a potential for fermented products such as shalgam juices. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The mechanism underlying autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains incompletely understood, but researchers have identified over a thousand genes involved in complex interactions within the brain, nervous, and immune systems, particularly during the mechanism of brain development. Various contributory environmental effects including circadian rhythm have also been studied in ASD. Thus, capturing the global picture of the ASD‐clock network in combined form is critical. Methods: We reconstructed the protein–protein interaction network of ASD and circadian rhythm to understand the connection between autism and the circadian clock. A graph theoretical study is undertaken to evaluate whether the network attributes are biologically realistic. The gene ontology enrichment analyses provide information about the most important biological processes. Results: This study takes a fresh look at metabolic mechanisms and the identification of potential key proteins/pathways (ribosome biogenesis, oxidative stress, insulin/IGF pathway, Wnt pathway, and mTOR pathway), as well as the effects of specific conditions (such as maternal stress or disruption of circadian rhythm) on the development of ASD due to environmental factors. Conclusion: Understanding the relationship between circadian rhythm and ASD provides insight into the involvement of these essential pathways in the pathogenesis/etiology of ASD, as well as potential early intervention options and chronotherapeutic strategies for treating or preventing the neurodevelopmental disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, experimental ATR FTIR spectrum of 2,4‐dioxopyrimidine is recorded in solid phase. Its vibrational frequencies and modes were determined. Density functional theory calculations are employed to determine the ground‐state geometry and vibrational frequencies of the title compound. Possible dimeric forms of the molecule were investigated theoretically. A solvation phase experimental ATR FTIR spectrum is recorded in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution and vibrational frequencies together with the modes are determined. Solvent effects are included in our calculations by using polarizable continuum model in DMSO. Solid phase and solvation phase experimental spectra are compared with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It has been suggested that spinal manipulation may alter sensorimotor integration in the central nervous system and therefore may be used to treat central sensitization syndromes. Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of spinal manipulation in addition to pharmacological treatment in patients with fibromyalgia. Design: A single‐center, randomized, and placebo‐controlled trial with three parallel arms Setting: Outpatient clinics at a tertiary health care facility. Participants: Female patients aged 18‐55 years receiving pharmacological treatment. Interventions: Spinal manipulation, sham manipulation, and control groups. Patients in the spinal manipulation group received high‐velocity low‐amplitude manipulation treatment twice a week for 3 weeks. Patients in the sham group received an application that was very similar to the active treatment but was not expected to have any real therapeutic effect. Patients in the control group continued to receive pharmacological therapy. Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome, pain score (visual analog scale), and secondary outcomes, pressure pain threshold (PPT), Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR), Widespread Pain Index (WPI), and Fibromyalgia Severity Score (FSS) were measured before, 1 month, and 3 months after randomization. Results: Sixty patients with a mean age of 41.7 years (SD = 8.0) were enrolled in the study. A mixed‐design repeated analysis of covariance was used to test the data. At 1 month after randomization, pain scores did not differ between groups. At 3 months after randomization, the spinal manipulation group had a significantly lower pain score (adjusted mean = 4.3 cm, SE: 0.4) than the control group (adjusted mean = 6.8 cm, SE: 0.4) and the sham manipulation group (adjusted mean = 5.7 cm, SE: 0.4). PPT did not differ between groups at any time point. FIQR, WPI, and FSS showed some improvement 1 or 3 months after randomization in favor of the spinal manipulation group. Conclusions: Spinal manipulation used in addition to pharmacological treatment in young/middle‐aged female patients with fibromyalgia could be an effective treatment for pain, disease severity, and functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil quality in urban areas in India is degraded due to multiple anthropogenic activities. The objectives of this work are to determine the concentration variations, toxicity, and sources of carbons, metals, and ions in the surface soil of Raipur, the industrialized capital city of Chhattisgarh state, India. High concentrations of Al, K, Ca, Ti, Fe, and elemental carbon (EC) were registered. Relatively lower concentrations of V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ba, Pb, organic carbon (OC), and carbonate carbon (CC), as well as ions (viz. F–, Cl–, NO3–, SO42–, Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+), were also recorded. EC was found to be one of the major pollutants, although enrichment factors pointed to high contamination with SO42–, K+, Mg2+, Cr, Mn, and Pb; and extreme contamination with NO3– and Ca2+. The spatial and temporal variations, enrichment factors, toxicity, and sources of the chemical species detected in the soil are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Nail involvement is common in psoriatic arthritis. This study assesses clinical characteristics, nail psoriasis prevalence, and impact of nail psoriasis on disease activity in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Method: This cross‐sectional multicenter study was conducted by the Turkish League Against Rheumatism using PsA patients recruited from 25 centers. Demographic and clinical characteristics of PsA patients, such as disease activity measures, quality of life, and nail involvement findings were assessed during routine follow‐up examinations. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of nail psoriasis and compared using the χ2 test or Fisher exact test for categorical variables and the t‐test or Mann‐Whitney U test for continuous variables. Results: In 1122 individuals with PsA, 645 (57.5%) displayed nail psoriasis. The most frequent features of fingernails were ridges (38%), followed by pitting (21%) and onycholysis (19%). More females were present in both groups (with and without nail psoriasis; 64% vs 67%, P < 0.282). Patients with nail psoriasis were older, indicated more pain and fatigue, experienced greater swelling, tender joint counts, and skin disease severity, and had a higher disease activity score compared with those without nail psoriasis (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: We demonstrate an increased prevalence of nail psoriasis observed in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Patients with nail involvement experience increased disease activity, lower quality of life, and diminished mental and physical status compared with those without nail involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal plants accumulate minerals and synthesize phytochemicals valuable for treating human diseases. The objective of this work has been to characterize the polyphenol and mineral contents of 25 medicinal plant leaves grown in the urban environment of India to know their antioxidant, nutritional potentiality, and ease of contamination with toxic elements. Total polyphenol (TPh) and flavonoid (Fla), and mineral concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically and by X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. The leaves under study were found to be rich in polyphenols, nutrients (P, S, Cl, K, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mo), and other metals (Rb, Sr, Ba, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Co, As, Se, and Pb), with concentrations ranging from 1.28 to 3.96 g 100 g−1, from 219.8 to 7159.9 mg 100 g−1, and from 4.3 to 334.0 mg 100 g−1, respectively. Maximum polyphenol and mineral (nutrient and other elements) concentrations were detected in Melia azadirachta L. and Solanum lycopersicum L. leaves. Enrichment factors, correlations among elements, sources, health hazards associated with heavy metals, and potential applications of plant leaves are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the establishment of the Red Crescent, an equivalent of the Red Cross, in the Ottoman Empire in 1868 through the founding of 'the Society of Care and Aid for Wounded and Disabled Soldiers' (Mecrȗhȋnve Marzȃ‐yi Askeriyeye İmdad ve Muavenet Cemiyeti). Following initial slow development, the Society was revitalized in April 1877 in preparation for war with Russia. Importantly, the 1877–1878 Ottoman–Russian conflict was the first major war conducted by signatories of the 1864 First Geneva Convention, which made provisions for the treatment of wounded and sick soldiers and protection for those providing care. Although both the Ottoman Empire and Russia were signatories, major issues remained to be resolved in practice and the heat of conflict. One of the unresolved issues was international and Russian recognition of a red crescent on a white background as a sign of neutrality, in addition to a red cross. An interim agreement was signed between the two sides with international support. Full international approval of the red crescent symbol took much longer and was only confirmed at the ninth Red Cross Conference in Washington in 1912, 35 years later. Today, the red crescent represents all majority Muslim countries' aid institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To compare the muscle strength of muscle groups in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients with the muscle powers of healthy volunteers and to examine the relationship of muscle strengths with disease activity, functionality, and disability. Method: One hundred males (50 axSpA, 50 healthy) were included in the study. Bath Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Functional Index (BASFI), and Health Assessment Questionnaire‐Disability Index (HAQ‐DI) scores were recorded. The maximum (max) and mean cervical flexion, extension, lateral flexion (CF, CE, CLF), truncal flexion, extension (TF, TE), root joint flexion, extension, abduction, internal and external rotation (SF, SE, SAB, SIR and SER for the shoulder; HF, HE, HAB, HIR and HER for the hip) muscle strengths of the patients in both groups were measured by a handheld dynamometer. Total muscle strength (CT, TT, ST, HT) was found according to the sum of the max and mean values for each region. Results: All muscle strengths were lower in the axSpA group compared to the healthy volunteers. The symptom duration was found to have a weak‐moderate negative correlation with CT, TT, ST, HT and all individual muscle strengths except for the TE, CF, HIR, and HER. BASDAI and HAQ‐DI had weak‐moderate negative correlations with HIR and HER. BASFI had a weak‐moderate negative correlation with cervical measurements, TE, TF, SF, SER, SIR, and hip measurements. Conclusion: All muscle strengths were lower in patients compared to healthy volunteers. Strengthening specific muscle groups for the desired goal can be a reasonable strategy. The study is prospectively registered and available at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04435860). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generating the nonlinear behavior of substandard beam‐column joints is challenging. Difficulties arise even more in reproducing the contribution of different nonlinear mechanisms (and their mutual effects) on the global cyclic response. This paper deals with the advanced numerical modeling of substandard reinforced concrete (RC) beam‐column joints designed with structural details and material properties non‐conforming to current seismic codes. Refined numerical models developed in VecTor2 and ATENA Science finite element (FE) software are investigated in detail to identify the factors affecting the global and local joint response. Two different modeling strategies are closely compared with experimental results of joint subassemblies with different failure modes in terms of hysteric response, crack pattern and its development, and local deformations at the joint panel and framing members. The advantages‐disadvantages, difficulties in implementing the numerical model and their capability to reproduce the experimental behavior are discussed in detail. The comparison against experimental results in terms of local and global response is useful to assess the accuracy of the proposed models and it provides details on their applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonmetal cation (NMC) pentaborate structures were synthesized using the amino acid molecules as cations precursors. Chemical composition analysis, infrared spectroscopy, mass analysis, boron nuclear magnetic resonance, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA) methods were used for structural characterization. The hydrogen storage efficiency of molecules was also determined experimentally. The recorded infrared spectra support the structural similarities of the molecules. Stretchings of pentaborate rings and characteristic peaks of amino acids were detected in infrared spectra. When the thermal analysis curves were recorded, it was found that the structures showed similar decomposition steps. Due to the result of thermal decay, glassy boron oxide (B2O3) formation was observed as the final decomposition products of all molecules. Peaks associated with boric acid, triborate, and pentaborate were observed in the 11B spectra of these salts. Powder X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy supports the presence of BO3 and BO4− groups regarding the presence of pentaborate rings. It also indicates the high crystallinity of the structures. The molecular cavities detected by brunauer–emmett–teller analysis were found to be 3.586, 1.922, 1.673, and 1.923 g/cm3. Low‐molecular cavities can be attributed to the high hydrogen‐bonding capacity of the structures. The hydrogen capture efficiency of the pentaborate salts was found to be in the range of 0.039‐0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The techniques mostly used for the diagnosis of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) stenosis are computed tomography angiography (CTA), and magnetic resonance angiography. We aimed to evaluate color-coded Doppler Ultrasonography (CDUS) for the detection of SMA stenoses and to determine Doppler criteria.Methods: We identified retrospectively 65 patients with CTA images of SMA stenosis and examined them with CDUS for the Doppler measurement of SMA peak systolic flow velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), and mesenterico-aortic ratio (MAR). Results were analyzed with receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis.Results: The optimal threshold values for determining 50%-69% SMA stenoses were PSV >280 cm/s, EDV >45 cm/s, and MAR >3.6. For identifying 70%-99% SMA stenoses, they were PSV >395 cm/s, EDV >74 cm/s, and MAR >3.6.Conclusion: CDUS is a convenient method with high accuracy for identifying SMA stenosis. PSV yielded better results than EDV and MAR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of catalysts in the development of improved bleaching methods is of paramount scientific and industrial importance in the bleaching of raw cotton and laundry stains. Despite tremendous efforts, developing novel earth abundant metal nanocatalysts with high activity and stability remains a great challenge. Here, we demonstrate the successful formation of earth abundant transition metal‐chelated layer‐by‐layer hyaluronic acid/chitosan polyelectrolyte‐coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Metal@PEM‐MSNPs) as novel bleaching nanocatalysts. Metal@PEM‐MSNPs have been tested for both the oxidative degradation of a natural plant dye in solution and tea‐ and beetroot‐ stains on cotton fabrics. While manganese and iron‐chelated PEM‐MSNPs (Mn2+@PEM‐MSNPs and Fe2+@PEM‐MSNPs) have little catalytic activity, cobalt‐chelated PEM‐MSNPs (Co2+@PEM‐MSNPs) display an unexpected, surprisingly high activity in the oxidation reaction under the same experimental conditions. The results suggest that Co2+@PEM‐MSNPs are excellent nanocatalytic systems for the low temperature bleaching (<30 0C) and the design strategy used in Metal@PEM‐MSNP nanocatalysts can further be extended to prepare a wide range of highly active self‐assembled bio‐inspired nanocatalysts for catalytic bleaching and other organic transformations. A highly active bleaching nanocatalyst, formed by layer‐by‐layer assembly of metal‐chelating biopolymers onto a mesoporous silica surface in a noncovalent fashion, is reported, which exhibits superior catalytic performance, excellent stability and reusability. The study may pave the way to layer‐by‐layer assembled catalysts with unprecedented oxidation properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the patterns and frequency of multiple risk behaviours (alcohol, drugs, smoking, higher risk sexual activity) among men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV. Methods: Cross sectional study. Results: 147 out of 819 HIV‐positive MSM exhibited a high‐risk phenotype (defined as >3 of smoking, excess alcohol, sexually transmitted infection and recent recreational drug use). This phenotype was associated with younger age, depressive symptoms and <90% adherence in multivariable logistic regression. Conclusion: In a cohort of MSM, a small, but significant proportion exhibited multiple concurrent risk behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most frequently occurring hereditary kidney disease, and axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) is one of the most frequently occurring rheumatic diseases. Treatment-related decisions for axial SpA may pose a challenge in case of renal involvement. The authors describe two siblings with cooccurrence of these two diseases. The association of these two diseases is not well known. Practitioners should monitor renal function in SpA patients and take treatment-related decisions regarding renal involvement. Antitumor necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNF-α) agents may be used in case nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) cannot be utilized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims To determine whether the primary tumor SUVmax and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) measured on 18F-FDG PET/CT have prognostic significance in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A retrospective review identified 142 patients NSCLC who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT at the time of diagnosis. The affect of the SUVmax and TLG of the primary tumor on survival were examined. Results Total 142 patients were included the study. Thirty-two patients were at early stage (stage I and II) and 110 patients were at advanced stage (stage III and IV). Both early and advanced stage patients were divided into two groups according to SUVmax 12 as low and high SUVmax groups. Overall survival (OS) of the low SUVmax group was significantly longer than higher SUVmax group for early-stage patients (35.8 ± 15.3 vs 21.8 ± 13.3, P = 0.013). But there was no differences in advanced stage patients for OS (16.1 ± 14.8 vs 17.0 ± 15.1, P = 0.862). Primary lesion TLG of the 99 patients were calculated. For advanced stage, the patients with the lower TLG had significantly longer survival time ( P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis only TLG remained significant predictor of OS in advanced stage patients (HR and 95% confidence interval = 7.716 and 1.664-4.342, respectively). Conclusion High SUVmax is related to poor OS in patients with surgically resected early stage (stage I and II) NSCLC, but it is not an independent prognostic factor. TLG is a prognostic measurement and it is independent predictor factor of survival for advanced stage NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While cognitive impairment is frequently reported in HIV-positive individuals and has historically been associated with poorer functional outcomes, the associations between cognitive impairment and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in contemporary cohorts are unclear. Methods We tested cognitive function using a computerized battery (CogState™) in 290 HIV-positive and 97 HIV-negative individuals aged ≥ 50 years participating in the Pharmacokinetic and Clinical Observations in People Over Fifty (POPPY) study. Participants completed questionnaires detailing physical and mental health [Short Form Health Survey (SF-36)], cognitive function [European AIDS Clinical Society (EACS) questions], activities of daily living [Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL)], depression [Patient Depression Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Centres for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D)], falls and sexual desire. Cognitive impairment was defined using the Frascati criteria, global deficit score (GDS) and multivariate normative comparison (MNC). In the HIV-positive group, the classification performances of the different definitions of cognitive impairment and dichotomized questionnaire results were calculated. Results The prevalence of cognitive impairment in the HIV-positive group was 34.5% (GDS), 30.0% (Frascati) and 22.1% (MNC), with only 2% diagnosed with HIV-associated dementia. In general, the associations between cognitive impairment and PROMs were weak regardless of the definition used: mean c-statistics were 0.543 (GDS), 0.530 (MNC) and 0.519 (Frascati). Associations were similar using the global T-score to define cognitive impairment. Summary health scores (SF-36) were lower, but only significantly so for those with cognitive impairment identified using MNC, for both mental health (61.4 vs. 75.8; P = 0.03) and physical health (60.9 vs. 75.0; P = 0.03). Conclusions The associations between cognitive impairment and PROMs were weak, possibly because impairment was mild and therefore largely asymptomatic. Further work is needed to elucidate the clinical implications of cognitive impairment in HIV-disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim The study was conducted to determine the issues about which nurses and midwives remain silent and the reasons for it and the perceived results of silence. Background Organisational silence is a vitally important issue in the health sector, due to the risks and mistakes that are not reported, and proposals for improvement that are not made. Method The sample of this descriptive survey, which investigated a cause and effect relationship, was 159 nurses and midwives. The data were collected using a questionnaire and the organisational silence scale. Findings Of the study participants, 84.9% were nurses and 15.1% were midwives. Of all participants 88.7% were women. 8.8% of participants stated that they never remained silent about issues related to work and the workplace. Respondents most often remained silent about issues related to ethics and responsibility. 'Limited improvement and development' was frequently mentioned as a perceived result of organisational silence. Conclusion Our study determined that organisational silence is quite common among nurses and midwives. Implications for nursing management Activities that raise the awareness of hospital administrations and employees about preventing the factors that cause and maintain silence in hospitals should be planned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isotretinoin is used for the treatment of various acne lesions that are resistant to other treatments. The most frequent rheumatologic side effect of isotretinoin is transient muscle and/or joint pains. Here, we report a case with bilateral wrist and metacarpophalangeal joint arthritis and unilateral sacroiliitis associated with isotretinoin usage to attract attention, particularly from physiatrists, rheumatologists and dermatologists, to this rare adverse effect of isotretinoin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of multimedia learning studies focus on the use of graphics in learning process but very few of them examine the role of graphics in testing students' knowledge. This study investigates the use of static graphics versus animated graphics in a computer-based English achievement test from a cognitive load theory perspective. Three hundred and three 7th-grade students were randomly split into two groups and given the test questions either with static graphics or with animated graphics accompanied with text. Students' response time, response accuracy, self-reported ratings on cognitive load and secondary task approach were used to measure their cognitive load. Findings revealed that animating graphics increased the response time and secondary task scores of the students but did not have any significant effect on their test success. Furthermore, no difference was observed in self-reported cognitive loads. The relationship between the four different cognitive load measures was also examined in the study. No direct relation was found between self-reported ratings and secondary task scores. On the other hand, self-ratings and response accuracy were found to be more sensitive to intrinsic cognitive load, whereas response time and secondary task measures were found to be more sensitive to extraneous cognitive load in our testing environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tracheal papilloma (TP) is characterized by papillomatous growth of the bronchial epithelium that involves the trachea as a response to Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection. A 40-year-old male, with 3-month history of progressive dyspnea was admitted to our hospital, and there were no any other respiratory symptoms. Physical examination was unremarkable. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed that there was a papillomatous mass at the distal trachea. The lesion occupied 80% of tracheal lumen. This patient received cryotherapy and mechanical debridement under general anesthesia and postoperative pathology showed endotracheal papillomatosis. Patient was treated with interferon-α (IFN-α) and he showed no recurrence at the 8th month of his therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to build a model that predicts the relationships between the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) competencies and information and communication technology (ICT) usages. Research data were collected from 3105 Turkish preservice teachers. The TPACK-Deep Scale, ICT usage phase survey and the ICT usage level survey were used to collect the research data. The structural regression model was conducted to test the model regarding the fact that ICT usage phases and ICT usage levels were predictors of TPACK competencies. The ICT usage phase was a statistically significant predictor of TPACK competency for all such sub-factors of the TPACK-Deep Scale as design (β= 0.12; p < 0.01), exertion (β = 0.20; p < 0.01), ethics (β= 0.93; p < 0.01) and proficiency (β= 0.41; p < 0.01). Similarly, the ICT usage level was a statistically significant predictor of TPACK competency for all such sub-dimensions of the scale as design (β;= 0.23; p < 0.01), exertion (β= 0.12; p < 0.01), ethics (β= 0.78; p < 0.01) and proficiency (β= 0.21; p < 0.01). The research findings demonstrated that ICT use based on ICT usage phase and level and technology use knowledge and skills also influence overall TPACK competencies. When ICT usage phases and/or ICT usage levels are increased with the help of ICT training, it could be stated that TPACK competencies might be influenced; however, certain sub-dimensions might be influenced more, and some dimensions might be influenced less. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Detailed information on patient recruitment and study settings is an important component of reports of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We had the impression that many RCTs published in rheumatology journals lacked this information. This study was undertaken to systemically survey this matter in 6 leading journals. Methods A hand search was conducted for RCTs published in 2011 and 2012 in Arthritis & Rheumatism, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, Rheumatology (Oxford), Arthritis Care & Research, The Journal of Rheumatology, and Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology. Using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines, 2 observers evaluated the articles for the inclusion of patient eligibility criteria, including method of recruitment; study health care settings; geographic location; and, among multicenter studies, a discussion of possible effects of intercenter differences on outcomes. Results Among 118 articles, an informative account of the method of recruitment was available in 36 (30.5%). Information about the study health care setting was found in 56 (47.5%). Patient socioeconomic profile was available in 11 (9.3%), patient education level in 10 (8.4%), and patient race in 48 (40.7%). Among 76 multicenter studies, the potential effects of possible intercenter differences on outcome were discussed in 13 (17.1%). There were no important differences between the 3 journals that emphasized the use of CONSORT in their author guidelines and the remaining 3 journals. Conclusion Adequate information on patient recruitment, the trial setting, and a discussion of possible multicenter design effects on outcomes are lacking in the majority of RCT reports in rheumatology. This affects the validity of these reports and calls for closer attention of authors, journals, and reviewers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The relationship between cardiovascular diseases and the diurnal blood pressure (BP) rhythm was researched in many studies. It has been demonstrated that the nondipping pattern has been associated with target organ damage and worsened cardiovascular outcomes. The aim of our study was to assess the relationship between aortic elasticity parameters and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and diastolic dysfunction in terms of 'dipper' and 'nondipper' hypertension subtypes. Methods A total of 60 hypertensive patients without known coronary heart disease were recruited to our study. All patients were classified as 'dipper' or 'nondipper' after ambulatory BP follow-up. Patients' left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic functions were assessed with transthoracic echocardiography. Ascending aorta diameters and CIMT were measured by ultrasonography and the elasticity parameters of aorta were calculated by using relevant formula. Results There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to demographic, biochemical data, and cardiovascular risk factors. Aortic stiffness was significantly increased in nondippers, whereas aortic strain and distensibility were significantly decreased (P = 0.005, P = 0.005, and P = 0.024, respectively). Carotid artery IMT was significantly increased in nondippers compared to dippers (P = 0.013). A significant correlation was noted between CIMT and mean BP. No significant difference was detected between 2 groups in terms of LV hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. Conclusion In our study, we showed that impairment of aortic elasticity parameters and increase in CIMT as a predictor of end organ damage were more often in the nondipper hypertensive patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Behcet's disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent oral and genital ulcerations and ocular lesions. Subclinical cardiac involvement may develop in BD patients. We aimed to evaluate subclinical left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) systolic dysfunction in BD patients without any apparent cardiovascular disease. Methods We studied 50 BD patients (43.8 ± 9.7 years, 59% men) and 30 healthy controls (45.4 ± 8.2 years, 60% men). Conventional echocardiography, tissue Doppler imaging, and velocity vector imaging-based strain measurements were performed to analyze LV and RV systolic functions. Results LV isovolumic myocardial acceleration, peak systolic velocity during isovolumic contraction (isovolumic contraction velocity), were significantly lower, while myocardial performance index was increased in BD patients. RV peak systolic velocity, isovolumic myocardial acceleration, and isovolumic contraction velocity were also markedly lower in BD patients. LV and RV longitudinal peak systolic strain and strain rate were significantly lower in patients than in controls, demonstrating subclinical ventricular systolic dysfunction. Conclusions Ventricular long-axis functions are important markers of myocardial contractility. Novel echocardiographic techniques may provide additional data for detecting early deterioration in ventricular systolic function in patients with BD. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 41:347-353, 2013 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To compare the antimicrobial activities of Activ Point ( Roeko, Langenau, Germany), Calcium Hydroxide Plus Point ( Roeko, Langenau, Germany), calcium hydroxide, 1% chlorhexidine gel and bioactive glass (S53P4) against Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans. Methodology One hundred and twenty extracted single-rooted human teeth were used. After removing the crowns, root canals were prepared by using the Protaper rotary system. Following autoclave sterilization, root canals were incubated at 37 °C with E. faecalis ATCC 29212 and S. mutans RSHM 676 for 1 week. The specimens, which were divided into five treatment groups for each microorganism according to the intracanal medicament used, were tested in 10 experimental runs. In each experimental run, 10 roots were included as treatment, one root as positive control and one root as sterility control. Sterile paper points were utilized to take samples from root canals after the incubation of teeth in thioglycollate medium at 37 °C for 1 week. Samples taken from teeth by sterile paper points were inoculated onto sheep blood agar, and following an overnight incubation, the colonies grown on sheep blood agar were counted and interpreted as colony-forming units. Results were tested statistically by using Kruskal- Wallis and Conover's nonparametric multiple comparison tests. Results CHX gel ( P < 0.001 and P < 0.001), Activ Point ( P = 0.003 and P = 0.002) and Ca( OH)2 ( P = 0.010 and P = 0.005) were significantly more effective against E. faecalis than that of Ca( OH)2 Plus Point and bioactive glass, respectively. On the other hand, compared with Ca( OH)2, CHX gel ( P < 0.001), and Activ Point ( P < 0.001), bioactive glass ( P = 0.014) produced significantly lower colony counts of S. mutans. When compared with the positive control, treatment with Ca( OH)2 Plus Point ( P = 0.085 and P = 0.066) did not produce significantly lower colony counts of E. faecalis and S. mutans, respectively. Conclusions Compared with the medicaments having an antimicrobial effect because of their alkaline pH, the medicaments containing chlorhexidine were effective against both E. faecalis and S. mutans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pregnancy and the postpartum period are associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism, which remains an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Although oral or systemic anticoagulation therapy may minimize thrombus propagation, it remains ineffective in removing thrombus burden and consequently does not prevent post-thrombotic syndrome. A novel technique, ultrasound accelerated catheter directed thrombolysis ( UACDT), has been developed to rapidly and completely resolve thrombus. While pregnancy and the postpartum period are generally considered as contraindications for thrombolysis, we demonstrate in this case study the safety and effectiveness of using UACDT to treat symptomatic, postpartum, iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis after only an overnight infusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microstructural characterization of corn starch-based porous thermoplastic (TPS) composites containing various contents (0.1, 0.5, and 1 wt %) of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was performed. Corn starch was plasticized with a proper combination of glycerol and stearic acid. TPS composites with MWCNT were prepared conducting melt extrusion followed by injection molding. TPS containing 1 wt % of MWCNTs exhibited higher tensile strength and elastic modulus values than neat TPS. Moreover, TPS electrical conductivity was determined to increase with increasing content of MWCNTs. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that incorporation of MWCNTs increased the degree of TPS crsystallinity to some extent. Scanning electron microscopy examination revealed that MWCNT altered TPS surface morphology and tensile failure modes, significantly. Transmission electron microscopy investigation showed that dispersion characteristics of MWCNTs within TPS were in the form of tiny clusters around micro pores of TPS, which is considered influential on electrical conductivity of the resulting composites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2012 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Echinocandins are antifungal drugs used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis and aspergillosis. They bind to serum proteins within a rate of 96 to >99%. The effect of serum on in vitro echinocandin susceptibility tests of certain Candida and Aspergillus species was reported. This study was performed to determine the effect of human serum on in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins for clinical isolates of Candida parapsilosis and Candida guilliermondii, the species which generally have higher minimum inhibitor concentrations compared with other Candida species. One hundred C. parapsilosis and 20 C. guilliermondii isolates were included in the study. The susceptibility tests of caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin were performed using microdilution method, either in the presence or absence of 50% human serum, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M27-A3 guidelines. It was demonstrated that human serum significantly affects the in vitro susceptibility results of echinocandins for C. parapsilosis and C. guilliermondii isolates, mostly yielding an increase in MICs. The most prominent fold changes were for micafungin and anidulafungin in C. parapsilosis, and for anidulafungin in C. guilliermondii isolates. Serum influences the in vitro echinocandin susceptibility in C. parapsilosis and C. guilliermondii. The mechanism and clinical significance of this in vitro change need to be clarified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and efficacy of B-flow imaging (BFI) in the diagnosis and measurement of renal artery stenosis (RAS) compared with color duplex ultrasonography (CDU) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Methods. Fifty-one consecutive patients with RAS diagnosed and measured with DSA were subsequently and independently examined with BFI for the measurement of residual lumen diameter, and with CDU for the measurement of peak systolic velocity and renal-aortic velocity ratio. The diagnostic performances of BFI and CDU in determining 60-99% RAS were compared by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The agreement between DSA and BFI stenosis measurements was evaluated with Bland-Altman method. Results. The area under curve was 0.983 for BFI and 0.959 for CDU, without a significant difference in diagnostic performances ( p = 0.26). BFI yielded an 88% sensitivity and 94% specificity in the diagnosis of RAS with a 3% underestimation of RAS compared to DSA (95% confidence interval 1.4%, 4.6%). Conclusions. BFI is an accurate method that minimally underestimates RAS. It might provide an additional benefit to CDU in patients with RAS. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 40:85-90, 2012 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Right ventricular (RV) function plays an important role in the development of clinical symptoms, exercise capacity, prognosis, and survival in patients with mitral stenosis (MS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate global and regional RV systolic functions using a novel technique, VVI, in mild-to-moderate MS patients without clinical symptoms of heart failure. Methods: The study population consisted of 60 patients (mean age 51.7 ± 11.6 years; 85% female) with isolated rheumatic mitral valve stenosis and 40 age- and sex-matched control subjects (mean age 49.1 ± 10.5 years; 76.7% female). Conventional echocardiography, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), strain (S), and strain rate (SRs) analysis were performed in all patients. Results: Transmitral mean pressure gradient was 6.1 ± 3.0 mmHg and mean mitral valve area was 1.41 ± 0.31 cm2 in patients with MS. TDI systolic velocity was significantly lower in MS patients compared to control subjects (0.13 ± 0.03 m/sec vs. 0.17 ± 0.03 m/sec; P < 0.0001). RV-isovolumic acceleration was reduced in MS patients (3.75 ± 1.09 m/sec2 vs. 4.62 ± 1.0 m/sec2; P = 0.006). RV-myocardial performance index was significantly increased in patients with MS (0.75 ± 0.05 in MS and 0.29 ± 0.04 in controls; P < 0.0001) revealing impaired RV systolic and diastolic function. The mean longitudinal peak systolic S and SR were significantly reduced in patients with MS (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Our data revealed that RV systolic performance is reduced in patients with mild-to-moderate MS. (Echocardiography 2012;29:25-33) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changing social norms regarding the role of women in society is fostered by women's participation in the workforce. Hence, changing role of working women in business life leads the transformation of gender stereotypes and roles. Women alter their gender role orientation according to the requirements of male-dominated business life; however, the unchanged role in private life leads to sex-role conflict. This study investigates the role of consumption as a key component of identity in the process of managing sex-role conflict in a non-Western cultural context. In-depth interviews were conducted with working women with various cultural and educational backgrounds. According to the findings of the study, women are forming compatible identities, which reduce the perceived sex-role conflict and consumption patterns are changing to suit the requirements of their new ways of living. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural features of the 1H‐imidazo[4,5‐c]pyridine (ICPY) tautomers and homodimers of the most stable tautomers have been studied by quantum chemical methods. FTIR and Raman spectra of the ICPY were recorded in the range of 4000–60 cm−1 and 3500–5 cm−1. The predominant tautomer among four possible isomers of ICPY were determined. The optimized geometries and vibrational frequencies of possible ICPY tautomers and dimers were computed by B3LYP/DFT method with 6‐311++G(d,p) and 6‐31G(d) basis sets. All vibrational frequencies assigned in detail with the help of total energy distribution (TED) and isotopic shifts. ICPY dimeric forms were also characterized according to their hydrogen bonding interactions, and it has been found that the most stable ICPY homodimer establishes moderate strong NH...N type hydrogen bond. 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 15N NMR properties have been calculated for all tautomeric forms using the gauge independent atomic orbital (GIAO) method. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The optimal timing of the surgery in asymptomatic severe mitral regurgitation (MR) remains a challenge. The aim of the study is to evaluate the subclinical changes in LV longitudinal functions by using a novel strain imaging technique; velocity vector imaging (VVI); in patients with chronic MR. Methods and Results: We studied 54 patients with asymptomatic, nonischemic, chronic MR (56.8 ± 9 years and 56% male) and 30 healthy controls (55 ± 6.5 years and 55% male) with normal ejection fraction. Patients with MR were analyzed in tertiles according to their regurgitant volumes (RV) and regurgitant fractions (RF): mild MR (RV < 30 mL, RF < 30% n = 7), moderate MR (RV: 30-59 mL, RF = 30-50%; n = 29), and severe MR (RV > 60 mL, RF ≥ 50%; n = 18). Conventional echocardiography and VVI-based strain imaging were performed to analyze LV functions. LV longitudinal peak systolic strain and strain rate (SRs) were significantly impaired in moderate and severe MR patients. Changes in LV longitudinal deformation were more significant in patients with severe MR. All deformation parameters showed a marked negative correlation with RV (LV Strain r =-0.583, P = 0.0001; LV SR r =-0.408, P = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions: LV long-axis functions are important markers of LV contractility in MR patients. Novel echocardiographic techniques may provide additional data on subclinical changes in the LV and give way to the optimal timing for the surgery in severe MR patients. (Echocardiography 2011;28:877-885) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]