Search

Aim: This cross‐sectional study investigates the factors that contribute to academic resilience among nursing students during COVID‐19 pandemic. Design: A cross‐sectional study. Methods: A survey was conducted in a general hospital between November and December 2022. The Nursing Student Academic Resilience Inventory (NSARI) model was used to assess the academic resilience of 96 nursing students. The Boruta method was then used to identify the core factors influencing overall academic resilience, and rough set analysis was used to analyse the behavioural patterns associated with these factors. Results: Attributes were categorised into three importance levels. Three statistically significant attributes were identified ("I earn my patient's trust by making suitable communication," "I receive support from my instructors," and "I try to endure academic hardship") based on comparison with shadow attributes. The rough set analysis showed nine main behavioural patterns. Random forest, support vector machines, and backpropagation artificial neural networks were used to test the performance of the model, with accuracies ranging from 73.0% to 76.9%. Conclusion: Our results provide possible strategies for improving academic resilience and competence of nursing students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging miniaturized optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) are becoming one of the most desirable approaches for biomagnetic imaging, especially for OPM with elliptically polarized light, which promises single‐light optical pumping and detection with high sensitivity. However, conventional schemes of this kind require a set of bulk polarization optics and tedious adjustment procedures, which compromise the system's compactness and practicality. In this paper, a novel chip‐scale OPM scheme that leverages the monolithic elliptical meta‐polarizer is presented and experimentally demonstrated. The meta‐polarizer with a side length of 3 mm is laid out on a 2 × 2 cm2 glass wafer. It offers the capability to convert arbitrary incident polarization into the desired elliptical polarization and exhibits a tailorable elliptical dichroism (ED) of ≈0.77 at the wavelength of 795 nm. A 4 × 4 × 4 mm3 vapor cell containing 87Rb and N2 is combined with this elliptical meta‐polarizer to construct a miniaturized OPM. The sensitivity of this sensor reaches approximately 13 fT/Hz1/2 in a four‐layer magnetic shield with a dynamic range near zero magnetic field ≈ ±0.55 nT. By exploiting the advantages of planar integrated optics, reduced footprints and scalability are promised. And this work paves the way for the integration of emerging quantum sensors on a chip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The energy dissipation capacity of conventional viscoelastic dampers (VEDs) cannot be fully exerted due to the relatively small inter‐story displacement of building structures. Thus, a novel VED with a displacement amplification mechanism based on the lever principle is developed in this study to achieve small displacement but high energy dissipation ability. First, the structural layout of an amplified viscoelastic damper (AVED) system is briefly introduced, and then the displacement amplification effect is described in detail. According to the working principle of the AVED and the relationship of force and geometric displacement in an actual frame structure, the restoring force theoretical formula of the corresponding amplified damper is derived. Based on the restoring force of the AVED and in combination with the secondary development function of the ABAQUS unit, a VUEL subroutine suitable for the explicit algorithm is programmed with the FORTRAN language. Then, the correctness of the subroutine is verified through a comparative analysis of the ABAQUS simulation and theoretically calculated results. Consequently, the vulnerability analysis of a high‐rise steel frame structure is conducted by using the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method, and the influence of the AVED on the seismic performance of the steel frame structure is quantitatively analyzed from the perspective of probability statistics. The analysis results show that compared with the VED structure, the failure probability of the AVED‐2 and AVED‐3 structures reaching the ultimate failure state at all levels is reduced by approximately 43% and 57%, respectively, and the collapse margin ratio (CMR) of structures under large earthquakes is increased by approximately 35% and 68%, respectively. This indicates that the AVED structures with displacement‐amplified dampers have a better effect on the seismic stability of tall steel frame structures under random seismic excitations. This study aims to provide comprehensive information for the seismic‐resistant design of tall buildings in earthquake‐prone regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic zeolites have excellent molecular sieving properties, but they are difficult to process into macroscopic structures. In this work, we use metal–organic framework (MOF) glass as substrates to engineer the interface with inorganic zeolites, and then assemble the discrete crystalline zeolite powders into monolithic structures. The zeolites are well dispersed and stabilized within the MOF glass matrix, and the monolith has satisfactory mechanical stabilities for membrane applications. We demonstrate the effective separation performance of the membrane for 1,3‐butadiene (C4H6) from other C4 hydrocarbons, which is a crucial and challenging separation in the chemical industry. The membrane achieves a high permeance of C4H6 (693.00±21.83 GPU) and a high selectivity over n‐butene, n‐butane, isobutene, and isobutane (9.72, 9.94, 10.31, and 11.94, respectively). This strategy opens up new possibilities for developing advanced membrane materials for difficult hydrocarbon separations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the lithospheric elastic thickness (Te) of lunar mascon basins can provide a deeper understanding of heterogeneous thermal activity. In this study, we focused on four basins (Moscoviense, Freundlich‐Sharonov, Hertzsprung, and Apollo) located on the far side of the Moon. These basins exhibit a significant variation in admittance and correlation spectra, making it challenging to develop precise fitted models. Based on the global lunar crustal thickness model and mare basalt thickness, we developed a mantle and mare basalt load model to estimate the Te. This small Te (10.1 km) suggests a double impact process or extreme thermal activity caused by volcanism during the formation of the Moscoviense. For the typical highland basins, that is, Freundlich‐Sharonov and Hertzsprung, the Te (∼20 km) corresponds to a minimum heat flux of 34 mW m−2. Considering the additional energy introduced by the impact, this heat flux can be considered as the upper limit for the heat flux of the highland itself during the formation of a mascon basin. For the Apollo basin within the South Pole‐Aitken (SPA) terrane, the Te is 30.7 km. The crust beneath the SPA region is thinned, allowing a greater contribution of stiffer mantle material to the lithosphere, perhaps explaining the higher effective Te. Furthermore, the disparity between the highland and SPA terranes can give rise to their distinct basin formation processes. Impact basins formed within the SPA terrane may have experienced a faster cooling process compared to those formed on the highland terrane following the impact event, leading to a higher Te. Plain Language Summary: The study of impact basins on the far side of the moon not only provides valuable insights into the strength of the early growth stage of the lithosphere but also gives a glimpse into the different thermal evolution histories of the lunar highland and the South Pole‐Aitken (SPA). In this study, we construct a lithospheric load model by incorporating the contributions of both mantle plug and mare basalts. The proposed model is applied to the four typical mascon (mass concentration) basins. The smaller elastic thickness of the Moscoviense basin may be attributed to a double shock process or intense thermal activity. The Nectarian Hertzsprung basin is younger than the Pre‐Nectarian Freundlich‐Sharonov basin on the highland. However, the two basins exhibit similar elastic thickness, indicating that the latter have either a slow cooling rate or rapid completion of the super‐isostatic adjustment process. The difference in elastic thickness between the Apollo and the highland basins such as the Freundlich‐Sharonov and Hertzsprung basins could be attributed to variations in geological composition, density, and porosity between the SPA and the highland terrane. Key Points: The smaller Te of the Moscoviense basin suggests that it might have undergone either a double impact process or intense volcanic activityThe elastic thickness of the typical highland mascon basins is about 20 km, corresponding to a minimum heat flux of 34 mW m−2The mascon basins formed in the SPA terrane and the typical highland terrane may experience distinct post‐impact cooling processes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel quantum materials have broad application prospects in spintronic devices and low‐power‐consumption devices. The kagome‐type lattice has special corner‐sharing triangle geometry, providing a rich platform to investigate the relationship of novel correlated topological states, geometry, and strong electron interactions. However, the orbital hybridization in the presence of flat band that originated from the electron localization due to the unique kagome lattice configuration is still unclear. Resonant‐angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy is utilized to study the valence band structures of a new vanadium‐based kagome material GdV6Sn6, combined with density functional theory calculation. Herein, a significant hybridization between V 3d and Sn 5p electrons, which paves the way to understand the formation of long‐range magnetic ordering of GdV6Sn6 and other kagome materials at low temperature, is unambiguously revealed in the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The zero‐length column (ZLC) method has been frequently used to measure the effective diffusivity of guest molecules in nanoporous crystalline materials. Recent studies unveiled that the mass transport of guest molecules could originate from either intracrystalline diffusion and/or surface barriers. Directly quantifying the intracrystalline diffusivity and surface permeability of guest molecules. therefore, is essential for understanding the mass transfer and thus optimizing the design of nanoporous crystalline materials. In this work, we extended the ZLC method, based on a derived theoretical expression of the desorption rate, to decouple the surface barriers and intracrystalline diffusion from effective diffusion of guest molecules in nanoporous materials. The diffusivities of ethane, propane and n‐pentane in SAPO‐34 and Beta zeolites have been experimentally measured to verify the effectiveness of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lorentz‐violating type‐II Dirac nodal line semimetals (DNLSs), hosting curves of band degeneracy formed by two dispersion branches with the same sign of slope, represent a novel state of matter. While being studied extensively in theory, convincing experimental evidence of type‐II DNLSs remain elusive. Recently, vanadium‐based kagome materials have emerged as a fertile ground to study the interplay between lattice symmetry and band topology. This work studies the low‐energy band structure of double‐kagome‐layered CsV8Sb12 and identifies it as a scarce type‐II DNLS protected by mirror symmetry. This work observes multiple DNLs consisting of type‐II Dirac cones close to or almost at the Fermi level via angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), which provides an electronic explanation for the nonsaturating magnetoresistance effect as observed. First‐principles theory analyses show that spin‐orbit coupling only opens a small gap, resulting in effectively gapless ARPES spectra, yet generating large spin Berry curvature. These type‐II DNLs, together with the interaction between a low‐energy van Hove singularity and quasi‐one‐dimensional band as observed in the same material, suggest CsV8Sb12 as an ideal platform for exploring novel transport properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mons Gruithuisen is a rare example of nonmare silicic volcanoes on the Moon. We have conducted analyses of the topography, chemical compositions, and subsurface structures of the Gruithuisen region based on remote sensing and gravity data. Our findings include presence of newly detected magma chambers in addition to the previously identified silicic domes in Gruithuisen Region. Our analysis suggests that multiple phases of silicic volcanism have occurred in the Gruithuisen region. The subsurface density revealed by the gravity data also suggests the presence of several low‐density masses in the crust. These early‐formed silicic volcanoes at low elevations are overlain by later‐emplaced mare basalts, however, the side slopes of these volcanoes are not covered by mare basalts, and the low‐FeO abundance material is exposed on the lunar surface. Plain Language Summary: Silicic volcanoes are uncommon on the Moon. We have conducted analyses of the shallow structures and surface features of the Gruithuisen region using remote sensing and gravity data. Our findings reveal the presence of silicic volcanoes that were covered by mare basalt. The topography, chemical composition, and density structure of the lunar crust in the Gruithuisen region suggest the presence of buried silicic volcanoes. The smooth surface units in the region are not ejecta from Imbrium basin, but ancient silicic volcanoes. The surfaces of these silicic volcanoes have been contaminated with mare basalt. Key Points: Buried silicic volcanoes have been identified in the Gruithuisen region on the MoonGravity models reveal the subsurface structures of silicic volcanoesSilicic volcanoes that formed early in the Gruithuisen region were characterized by low elevations and were later covered by mare basalt [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer gears have long been used on power transmissions with the fundamental durability data, including fatigue S‐N curves, yielding important data informing reliable and compact designs. This paper proposed a prediction method for polyformaldehyde (POM) gear fatigue life based on the innovative WGAN‐XGBoost algorithm. The findings generated herein revealed that the proposed method performs well in terms of prediction accuracy. The predicted fatigue lives, analyzed under different loading conditions, were within 1.5 times dispersion band compared with experimental results. Furthermore, based upon the enhanced fatigue dataset, a thermo‐mechanical coupled prediction formula for POM gear contact fatigue life was proposed. These findings offered a new approach for high‐power density design of polymer gears. Highlights: A prediction method for POM gear fatigue life based on the WGAN‐XGBoost is proposed.A thermo‐mechanical coupled fatigue life prediction formula for POM gears is proposed.The method could shorten the sample size by 25% with the error band within 1.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Characterizing the thermophysical properties of the lithosphere is critical for studying its evolution. We determine the elastic thickness of the lithosphere by modeling mass‐related loads and lithospheric deflection and analyzing gravity and topography data. In impact basins region where a mantle plug is present, the correlation between topography and gravity can be low, and the admittance can change quickly, making it difficult to develop accurate models without considering mantle uplift. In this study, we developed a lithospheric loading model for large impact basins that take advantage of a high‐resolution crustal thickness model and does not require the assuming compensation. Since the mantle uplift formed by super‐isostatic adjustment following the impact, the elastic thickness obtained by fitting the observed data reflects the lithospheric temperature at the end of the super‐isostatic process. Sensitivity analysis suggests that modeling the impact‐induced load is critical to reproduce how the mascon is expressed in the correlation and admittance data. Our mantle loading model provides a better fit to the observed admittance spectrum compared to previous research. The larger elastic thicknesses obtained for the Hellas basin indicate a longer duration of mascon formation or a faster cooling of the lithosphere. Models that consider a denser upper crust and an elastic thickness of about 0 km fit the observed admittance of the Utopia basin. The elastic thickness of the Argyre and Isidis basins cannot be precisely inferred without additional constraints on the load ratio. Plain Language Summary: The lithosphere is defined as the outer rigid part of a planet, and its deformation due to applied masses (loading) can be calculated using the deflection equation. Topography and gravity data are used to measure this deformation and constrain the thickness of the elastic shell assumed to represent the lithosphere. However, this approach is difficult to apply to impact basins due to the complex loading process that follows the impact, such as the formation of a mass concentration (mascon) beneath the basin center. In this work, we modeled the mascons as mantle plugs and inferred their structures from a global crustal thickness model. The resulting mantle loading model is applied to large impact basins on Mars. The large elastic thickness inferred for the Hellas basin means the temperature of the lithosphere was low when the mascon formed, indicating that the lithosphere cooled quickly or mascon formation took a long time. The Utopia basin's nearly zero lithosphere thickness means the mascon formed in a relatively high‐temperature situation, causing the lithosphere to be too weak to support the mascon. Key Points: A mantle‐plug loading model based on crustal thickness helps understand the gravity and topography signals of large impact basins on MarsThe elastic thickness inferred for the Hellas basin indicates fast lithosphere cooling or long‐duration mascon formationThe elastic thickness inferred for the Utopia basin is near 0 km when considering a denser upper crust [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Beta‐thalassaemia is an inherited haemoglobin disorder characterised by ineffective erythropoiesis (IE). The detailed pathogenesis of IE remains unclear. In this study, we used single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) to examine IE in Th3/+ β‐thalassaemic mice. The results showed that the erythroid group was remarkably expanded, and genes involved in biological processes such as iron metabolism, haeme synthesis, protein folding, and response to heat were significantly upregulated from erythroid progenitors to reticulocytes in β‐thalassaemic mice. In particular, we identified a unique cell population close to reticulocytes, named ThReticulocytes, characterised by a high level of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression and dysregulation of iron metabolism and haeme synthesis signalling. Treatment of β‐thalassaemic mice with the haeme oxygenase inhibitor tin‐mesoporphyrin effectively improved the iron disorder and IE, and the ThReticulocyte population and Hsp70 expression were significantly suppressed. This study revealed in detail the progression of IE at the single‐cell level and possibly provided clues to find therapeutic targets in thalassaemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The elastic thickness of a planet's lithosphere is essential to the investigation of its thermal evolution. Our work focuses on the largest visible impact basin on Mercury, Caloris, which has undergone complex magma‐tectonic deformation after its formation. Using a flexural lithosphere model with the initial mantle plug loading, we estimated the elastic thickness in the Caloris region to be 18.0 ± $\pm $ 4.4 km. The successful application of the mantle loading model and the small load ratio indicates that major load in the Caloris region is the mantle plug rather than the lateral density anomaly. The 18 km effective elastic thickness indicates the lithospheric temperature at the time of loading. The current heat production rate in Mercury mantle is estimated as 2.2–4.2 × 10−12 W/kg. Comparison between the effective elastic thickness predicted from the thermal model and loading model suggests that the megaregolith in the Caloris basin region has a certain thickness (>3 km) to ensure the formation of a lithosphere with 18 km elastic thickness. The temperature model results also indicate that the mantle heat production rate at 3.6 Ga is closer to that calculated based on a model with heat‐producing elements abundance close to CI chondrite‐like primitive silicate portion of Mercury. The surface heat flow in the Caloris region is consistent with other megaregolith‐covered regions. Plain Language Summary: The lithosphere is defined as the outermost rigid part of a planet. Under the applied pressure (loads), the lithosphere will deform. The deformation of the lithosphere depends on whether it is rigid or not. Since the rigidity of matter is influenced by temperature, the rigidity of the lithosphere indicated by the deformation will reflect the thermal evolution of the planet. The deformation of the lithosphere caused by the impact basin and mantle uplift structure beneath it can be measured by gravity and topography data. Therefore, the analysis of the topography and gravity data provides information about the deformation and rigidity of the lithosphere, as well as the temperature state at the time of the formation of the impact basin. Conducting such an investigation in the Caloris basin, Mercury, we find that the outmost insulation layer (megaregolith) is the key to link the observed data (gravity and topography) and the thermal modeling results. Model results also suggest that mantle heat production rate at 3.6 Ga (3.6 billion year ago) is closer to that calculated based on a model with CI chondrite ‐like primitive silicate portion of Mercury, rather than another model based on the Earth's primitive mantle. Surface heat flow of the Caloris region is similar to other regions that are covered by megaregolith. Key Points: Lithospheric elastic thickness of the Caloris region is estimated as 18.0 ± $\pm $ 4.4 kmThermal evolution results suggest that a certain thickness of megaregolith insulates the lithosphere in the Caloris regionThe heat production rate corresponding to the 18 km Te is closer to that calculated from a CI chondrite‐like silicate portion of Mercury [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial viruses are the most abundant biological entities in soil ecosystems. Owing to the advent of metagenomics and viromics approaches, an ever‐increasing diversity of virus‐encoded auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) have been identified in soils, including those involved in the transformation of carbon, phosphorus, and sulfur, degradation of organic pollutants, and antibiotic resistance, among other processes. These viral AMGs can alter soil biogeochemical processes and metabolic activities by interfering with bacterial host metabolism. It is recognized that viral AMGs compensate for host bacterial metabolism outputs by encoding accessory functional genes and are favourable for the hosts' adaptation to stressed soil environments. The eco‐evolutionary mechanisms behind this fascinating diversity of viral AMGs in soil microbiomes have begun to emerge, such as horizontal gene transfer, lytic‐lysogenic conversion, and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms. In this mini‐review, we summarize recent advances in the diversity and function of virus‐encoded AMGs in the soil environment, especially focusing on the evolutionary significance of AMGs involved in virus‐host interactions. This mini‐review also sheds light on the existing gaps and future perspectives that could have major significance for viral AMGs research in soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a strong stimulant of cardiovascular diseases, affecting one‐quarter of the world's population. TBC1 domain family member 25 (TBC1D25) regulates the development of myocardial hypertrophy and cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury; however, its effect on NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has not been reported. In this study, we demonstrated that TBC1D25 expression is upregulated in NASH. TBC1D25 deficiency aggravated hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in NASH. In vitro tests revealed that TBC1D25 overexpression restrained NASH responses. Subsequent mechanistic validation experiments demonstrated that TBC1D25 interfered with NASH progression by inhibiting abnormal lipid accumulation and inflammation. TBC1D25 deficiency significantly promoted NASH occurrence and development. Therefore, TBC1D25 may potentially be used as a clinical therapeutic target for NASH treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of hydrocarbons for the synthesis of readily available energy and multifunctional materials is of great importance in modern society. Zeolites have proven to be a boon for the targeted regulation of specific hydrocarbon as shape‐selective catalyst in converting carbon resources. Yet our mechanistic understanding and quantitative description of shape‐selectivity of zeolite catalysis remains rather limited, which restricts the upgrade of zeolite catalysts. Herein, we proposed quantitative principle of shape‐selectivity for zeolite catalysis using methanol‐to‐hydrocarbons (MTH) as model. Combining with molecular simulations and infrared imaging, we unveil the competition of thermodynamic stability, preferential diffusion and favored secondary reactions between different hydrocarbons within zeolite framework are the essence of zeolite shape‐selective catalysis. Notably, we provide methodology to in silico search for the optimal combination of framework topology and acidity properties of zeolites with operating conditions that potentially outperform commercial MTH catalysts to achieve high selectivity of desired hydrocarbon products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kagome compound Mg3Bi2 is theoretically predicted to be a nodal line semimetal while the inclusion of spin–orbit coupling (SOC) causes a transition to strong topological insulator. The electronic energy dispersion and spin polarization of thus attained surface states are sensitive to the surface terminations, which are not experimentally verified yet. Herein, the major Mg terminations with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) are identified and the electronic structures near and above the Fermi level are further investigated. It is found that the underlying Bi layers contribute to the surface states dominantly. The spin‐polarized bulk and surface states may promote low‐dissipation applications for Mg3Bi2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dopamine (DA) plays a crucial role in the regulation of human bodily functions and metabolism. It is necessary to detect and then to regulate DA levels for health maintenance. Electrochemical sensors have intrinsic advantages in DA determination, especially for metal nanoparticles‐based sensors with excellent physicochemical properties and efficient activity. In this article, AuNPs located on functional nanographene oxide (NGO) are fabricated for DA detection. As the facial platform, NGO has large surface areas to maintain AuNPs well disperse and provided enough carboxyls and epoxy groups for conjugating with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and thiol active site. Functional biological fluorescence dye (FITC) is also introduced to this NGO platform. With stepwise functionalization, NGO is reconstructed as an optimal foundation for AuNPs presenting the inherent physicochemical properties. Finally, AuNPs are in‐situ grown on the platform by reduction of HAuCl4 under mild conditions, i.e., AuNPs@SH‐NGO‐PEG‐FITC. In the detection of DA levels, AuNPs/NGO nanocomposites are coated on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Relying on corresponding cyclic voltammetric curves and typical ready‐state amperometric curves, it is informed that GCE/AuNPs@SH‐NGO‐PEG‐FITC can be employed in the electrochemical detection of DA levels. It is foreseen that efficient sensors and methods for DA determination with fluorescence tracers are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dual‐band quasi‐Yagi antenna with diverse radiation patterns at different frequency bands is presented for the Wi‐Fi 6E applications. It has multiple working bands that cover the two existing bands of traditional Wi‐Fi 6, that is, from 2.4–2.4835 to 5.17−5.835 GHz, as well as the upcoming extended Wi‐Fi 6E band that covers the 5.925−7.125 GHz band. The proposed antenna consists of a microstrip (MS) line, a coplanar strip‐line (CPS), a bow‐tie driven dipole element, a slotted ground plane and a parasitic director element. By jointly employing these structures, multiple resonances can be generated, where the resonance with largest current path results in low‐frequency working band, while the others are merged to form a relatively wide high‐frequency band. In the low‐frequency band, the antenna has an omnidirectional radiation pattern with wide beam‐coverage, while in the high‐frequency band, the antenna can achieve directional radiation pattern with high gain value. An antenna prototype is then fabricated and measured for validation. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results is observed. The measured −10 dB impedance fractional bandwidth are 4.3% (2.38−2.484 GHz) and 60.6% (4.47−8.36 GHz) in the low‐ and high‐frequency bands, respectively, associated with peak gain values 0.64 and 6.22 dBi. The antenna's overall size is 0.22 λL × 0.20 λL × 0.006 λL. The proposed antenna is a good candidate for multiple kinds of Wi‐Fi applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicic volcanos with high‐thorium (Th), low FeO and TiO2 contents are rare on the Moon, but exploring the formation and origins of silicic volcanos can help us to understand the complex process of lunar crustal evolution. The origins of silicic volcanic Mons Hansteen complex on the southern edge of the Oceanus Procellarum (50.2°W and 12.2°S) are enigmatic. Here we use recent high‐resolution topographic data and gravity data to assess the morphology and shallow tectonic features of this complex to investigate its formation and evolution. The results from our crater size‐frequency distribution model show that the silicic volcanism in Mons Hansteen occurred as early as ∼3.8 Ga. A mafic intrusion beneath the Mons Hansteen originated from the Crater Billy impact event. The magma rose to within ∼11 km beneath the lunar surface causing the crust to melt and develop into silicic magma. The silicic magma erupted onto the lunar surface and was eventually covered by younger mare basalt. We conclude that silicic volcanos are older than we previously thought. Geophysical research on the Mons Hansteen area provides a new perspective thus supplementing and extending our knowledge of the silicic volcanism. Plain Language Summary: Silicic volcanos are rare and are different from the common basaltic volcanos found on the Moon. Exploring the formation and origins of silicic volcanos can help us to understand the lunar crustal evolution. Mons Hansteen (50.2°W and 12.2°S), a silicic volcanic complex, is located on the lunar nearside. Here we use remote sensing and orbital monitoring inversion data to assess surface morphology and shallow tectonic features in the Mons Hansteen region. Our results show that the silicic volcanism in Mons Hansteen occurred at ∼3.8 billion years ago, and furthermore, there is a correlation between Mons Hansteen volcanism and the Crater Billy impact event. This impact event led to the mafic magma intrusion which caused the lunar crust to melt to form silicic magma. Those silicic magma erupted onto the lunar surface but were eventually covered by younger mare basalts. Key Points: The silicic volcanism in Mons Hansteen is earlier than previously results by crater size‐frequency distribution modelThere is mafic intrusion beneath the Mons Hansteen which is possibly originated from the Crater Billy impact eventThe mafic magma caused the lunar crust to melt to form silicic magma within ∼11 km beneath the lunar surface [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducing large oxygen deficiencies while retaining low resistivity is important for enhancing the overall thermoelectric properties in 3d transition‐metal oxides. In this study, a new synthesis route to reconstruct the insulating brownmillerite SrCoO2.5 is adapted. Through a step‐by‐step nano‐blocks modification, a series of highly‐conductive layered structures is evolved, which are [Sr2O2H2]0.5CoO2, [Sr2O2]0.4CoO2, and [Sr2CoO3]0.57CoO2, while still retaining considerable Seebeck coefficient (≈100 µV K−1). Coexistence of low resistivity and high oxygen deficiency is realized in the latter two polymorphs by forming a majority of sintered oxygen vacancies in the rock‐salt layer and a minority of normal oxygen vacancies in the CoO2 layer. A room‐temperature in‐plane power factor of 3.6 mW K−2 m−1, power output density of 4.5 W m−2 at a temperature difference of 28 K, and an out‐of‐plane thermal conductivity of 0.33 W K−1 m−1 are obtained in the [Sr2O2]0.4CoO2 thin film that exhibits the highest oxygen deficiency (δ = 2.95), which is on par with Bi2Te3, the benchmark. It is pointed out that proper distribution of oxygen vacancy is essential in tailoring the physical and chemical properties of transition‐metal oxides. The sintered/normal oxygen vacancy layer model provides guidance to the exploration of materials with both low electric resistivity and thermal conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The applications of nanoporous crystalline materials are closely related to the mass transfer of guest molecules. However, the fundamental knowledge of mass transfer, and in particular the surface barriers controlled by the permeation of guest molecules through the external surfaces of materials, is still incomplete. The diversity of surface permeability at the single‐crystal level, caused by the varying origins of surface transport resistance, hinders the rational materials design and needs better understanding. Herein, we probe the molecular transport in single zeolite crystals with fluorescent 4‐(4‐diethylaminostyryl‐1‐methylpyridinium iodide) (DAMPI) using super‐resolution structured illumination microscopy (SIM). It showed that both the inter‐ and intra‐crystal diversity of surface barriers could be monitored by detecting the diffusion behaviors on the center and surface planes in single crystals. This adds a new perspective for studying the origins of the surface barriers as well as the molecular transport mechanisms in nanoporous materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) are promising cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to their low‐cost, similar energy density comparable with that of LiFePO4 in lithium‐ion batteries, and long cycle life. Nevertheless, crystal water (≈10 wt%) in PBAs from aqueous synthesis environments can bring significant side effects in real SIBs, especially for calendar life and high temperature storage performance. Therefore, it is of great importance to eliminate crystal water in PBAs for future commercial applications. Herein, a facile heat‐treatment method is reported in order to remove water from Fe‐based PBAs. Although the heat‐treated sample can be easily rehydrated in air, it still exhibits a stable cycling performance over 2000 times under controlled charge cut‐off voltage. In situ synchrotron high‐temperature powder X‐ray diffraction demonstrates that the as‐prepared sample is maintained at a new trigonal phase after dehydration. Moreover, the redox reaction of low‐spin Fe2+/Fe3+ is activated and the high‐temperature storage performance of as‐prepared sample is significantly improved after removal of water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we investigate the relation between the spherical harmonic (SH) degree of gravity field model and the corresponding depth of the source body. By investigating the gravity of a buried point mass, we find that a relationship can be found between the horizontal extent of the signal (which we assume to be indicative of the wavelength) and the depth of the source. We introduce a threshold to define the gravity anomaly wavelength of an isolated mass body. The region where the gravity anomaly of an isolated mass body is larger than the threshold defines its gravity anomaly wavelength. For an isolated point mass with fixed total mass, the wavelength is a function of the depth. The ratio between the maximum wavelength and the depth at which the maximum wavelength occurs (effective resolvable depth) is invariant provided that the mass and threshold are determined. When this maximum wavelength is larger than the minimum resolvable wavelength of n‐degree gravity field, this isolated mass body is considered as a reliable density feature. Combining the relation between maximum wavelength and effective resolvable depth of the isolated mass body and the relation between minimum resolvable wavelength and SH degree of gravity field, we derived the degree‐depth relation under the limiting resolvable condition: d=πR2n $\,d=\frac{\pi R}{\sqrt{2}n}$. This relation was validated with Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory gravity field data at lunar Orientale basin region, and provided insights for the planetary gravity field analysis. Plain Language Summary: The planetary gravity field models are usually expressed as a set of n‐degree progression terms (spherical harmonic series), the low‐degree terms represent gravity generated by deep and large‐scale features, and the high‐degree terms mainly stand for gravity signals from shallow‐located and small‐scale mass. In this paper, we explore the quantitative relation between the spherical harmonic degree of gravity data and the depth of mass body. A new expression for the degree‐depth relation is given as d = pi*R/(n*sqrt(2)). The testing of the newly derived and two existing degree‐depth relations (d = pi*R/n and d = R/(n − 1)) is conducted with gravity data of the Moon. The filtered gravity data based on the degree‐depth relation in this paper can better reflect the gravity signals within the lunar crust when compared with that based on the previous existed degree‐depth relations. Key Points: Through the calculation of gravity signal's wavelength, we give a new degree‐depth relation for planetary gravity field: d=πR2n $d=\frac{\pi R}{\sqrt{2}n}$The degree‐depth relations of d=πR2n $d=\frac{\pi R}{\sqrt{2}n}$ and d=πRn $d=\frac{\pi R}{n}$ are more applicable than d=Rn−1 $d=\frac{R}{n\,-\,1}$ when the targeting source bodies are within the depth of lunar crust [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanisms underlying homogeneous fluidization of Geldart A particles have long been debated. Recent experiments shed fresh insights that both a solid‐like and a fluid‐like state exist. Herein, 3D computational fluid dynamics‐discrete element method simulations with the incorporation of interparticle van der Waals forces were performed for five typical Geldart A particles to investigate the bed structure in the homogeneous fluidization regime. Simulation results reproduce the existence of the solid‐like and fluid‐like states, showing that in the solid‐like state, particles have enduring and strong interparticle van der Waals forces that stabilize the bed to keep the bed stationary; while in the fluid‐like state, the interparticle van der Waals forces are dominated by the drag force, and particles show global circulation. Both interparticle van der Waals forces and friction are found to be necessary for the existence of the solid‐like state, and increasing the former has an effect to widen the solid‐like state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiferroic materials with flexibility are expected to make great contributions to flexible electronic applications, such as sensors, memories, and wearable devices. In this work, super‐flexible freestanding BiMnO3 membranes with simultaneous ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism are synthesized using water‐soluble Sr3Al2O6 as the sacrificial buffer layer. The super‐flexibility of BiMnO3 membranes is demonstrated by undergoing an ≈180° folding during an in situ bending test, which is consistent with the results of first‐principles calculations. The piezoelectric signal under a bending radius of ≈500 µm confirms the stable existence of electric polarization in freestanding BiMnO3 membranes. Moreover, the stable ferromagnetism of freestanding BiMnO3 membranes is demonstrated after 100 times bending cycles with a bending radius of ≈2 mm. 5.1% uniaxial tensile strain is achieved in freestanding BiMnO3 membranes, and the piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) phase retention behaviors confirm that the ferroelectricity of membranes can survive stably up to the strain of 1.7%. These super‐flexible membranes with stable ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism pave ways to the realizations of multifunctional flexible electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malignancy-induced ascites is usually low-SAAG ascites.4 However, the SAAG of our case was above 11 g/L. It should be noted that patients with mixed ascites often have high-gradient ascites. Due to a medical history of hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis and an ascites puncture examination basically conformed to high SAAG, we initially considered this case as cirrhotic ascites. Ascites is the pathological accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. [Extracted from the article]

BACKGROUND: Calcium is an essential macronutrient for plant growth. Although it has been shown that exogenous Ca application can increase plant resistance to abiotic stress, little is known about its potential to enhance plant tolerance to biotic stress. Here, we investigated whether pretreatment of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds with calcium chloride (CaCl2) improves plant resistance against wheat aphid (Schizaphis graminum Rondani). The developmental time, population size, feeding behavior of aphids on plants grown from CaCl2‐ and water‐pretreated seeds, and plant defense responses to aphid attack were investigated. RESULTS: Seed pretreatment with CaCl2 extended aphid development time and reduced aphid population size and feeding efficiency. In addition, the pretreatment significantly increased the concentration of Ca2+ in wheat leaves, and upregulated expression levels of TaCaM genes and callose synthase genes (TaGSL2, TaGSL8, TaGSL10, TaGSL12, TaGSL19, TaGSL22 and TaGSL23). Callose concentration in the leaves of plants grown from CaCl2‐pretreated seeds increased significantly upon aphid attack. Further, callose deposition was observed mainly in the phloem. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that seed pretreatment with CaCl2 primes the plant response against wheat aphid attack, leading to modulation of callose deposition in the phloem in response to aphid attack. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Almost no in situ seismic data are available for Venus; therefore, we can constrain the deep structure of this planet only from the geodetic data obtained by spacecraft. Of particular interest is Venus's core‐mantle boundary, which holds clues about the origin and evolution of this celestial body. In this study, we build a series of different mantle/core models of Venus based on several mantle composition models and compare their associated Love numbers k2 with the observed values. Due to the large uncertainty in the observed values of k2, the state of Venus's core cannot be reliably constrained. However, the expected precision of k2 obtained by the EnVision mission will sufficiently reduce the acceptable model space and contribute to estimating the mantle viscosity structure. Based on current geodetic data, we find that the bottom of Venus's mantle may not feature a phase transition from perovskite to post‐perovskite if the FeO content of the mantle is less than 8.1 wt%; this region may be different from Earth's D" layer. Furthermore, we find that the combination of observed k2 and Q can be used to distinguish whether the lowermost part of Venus's mantle is a high‐temperature basalt layer or a thin thermal boundary layer if observations of Q can be obtained. Plain Language Summary: The deep structures of Venus and Earth may be different. However, due to the lack of seismic data, we need to use data obtained by orbital spacecraft. We can constrain the deep structure of Venus using tidal parameters that characterize tidal deformation, as these parameters are sensitive to the mantle viscosity, temperature profile, and core radius. By using forward modeling, we present evidence from observed tidal parameters that the bottom of Venus's mantle may not feature a phase transition from perovskite to post‐perovskite if the iron content of Venus's mantle is no more than that of Earth's mantle (∼8.1% FeO). We also quantify how future observations of tidal parameters will improve our understanding of Venus's mantle viscosity. Key Points: Our results show that the existence of Venus's inner core cannot be constrained by the present‐day observed tidal Love number k2No phase transition from perovskite to post‐perovskite occurs at the bottom of Venus' mantle if the mantle's FeO content is less than 8.1 wt%The expected precision of k2 from the candidate EnVision mission will be sufficient to reduce the size of the model space [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although epitaxial strain imparted by lattice mismatch between a film and the underlying substrate has led to distinct structures and emergent functionalities, the discrete lattice parameters of limited substrates, combined with strain relaxations driven by film thickness, result in severe obstructions to subtly regulate electro‐elastic coupling properties in perovskite ferroelectric films. Here a practical and universal method to achieve highly strained phases with large tetragonal distortions in Pb‐based ferroelectric films through synergetic effects of moderately (≈1.0%) misfit strains and laser fluences during pulsed laser deposition process is demonstrated. The phase possesses unexpectedly large Poisson's ratio and negative thermal expansion, and concomitant enhancements of spontaneous polarization (≈100 µC cm−2) and Curie temperature (≈800 °C), 40% and 75% larger than that of bulk counterparts, respectively. This strategy efficiently circumvents the long‐standing issue of limited numbers of discrete substrates and enables continuous regulations of exploitable lattice states in functional oxide films with tightly elastic coupled performances beyond their present levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's lunar exploration program has developed and progressed for more than 13 years. Over this time, Precise Orbit Determination (POD) has guaranteed successful execution of the Chang'e missions, and is the basis for further scientific investigations using radio science data; for example, recovering the lunar gravity field to explore the inner structure and detect craters to study the evolutionary history of the moon. This study briefly reviews the Chang'e series mission orbit and radio tracking measurements. We reprocessed the tracking data and comprehensively summarized the evolution of the POD accuracy and the tracking system precision from the Chang'e 1 to Chang'e 4 missions using in‐house software. Our results show a progression of the tracking station, as the first Chang'e 1 mission only reached several millimeters per second level accuracy in the Doppler measurements and several meters level accuracy for the two‐way range measurements. Later on the accuracy of Chang'e 5T1 Doppler measurements reached about 0.35 mm/s and the accuracy of the Chang'e 3 two‐way range measurements below 0.7 m. Moreover, the newest Chang'e 4 relay satellite achieved POD residuals Root Mean Square for the two‐way range less than a meter and orbital accuracy at 200 m level, in contrast to meters level residual and the half‐kilometer level accuracy achieved during the Chang'e 1 mission. We can clearly see that the POD performance of the Chang'e spacecraft continuously improved. This research study is a reference for future Chinese Lunar exploration missions, as well as Chinese Mars and asteroid explorations. Key Points: We first summarized orbital geometry, tracking network and its tracking strategies of all Chang'e missionsWe have processed the tracking data on the orbiting phase, from Chang'e 1 to Chang'e 4, and concluded its orbit accuracyMoreover, we also displayed some puzzling points which happened in Chang'e 1 and 2 missions in tracking data and answered them [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ubiquitin‐specific protease 11 (USP11) has been implicated in the regulation of DNA repair, apoptosis, signal transduction and cell cycle. It belongs to a USP subfamily of deubiquitinases. Although previous research has shown that USP11 overexpression is frequently found in melanoma and is correlated with a poor prognosis, the potential molecular mechanism of USP11 in melanoma remains indefinitive. Here, we report that USP11 and NONO colocalize and interact with each other in the nucleus of melanoma cells. As a result, the knockdown of USP11 decreases NONO levels. Whereas, overexpression of USP11 increases NONO levels in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, we reveal that USP11 protects NONO protein from proteasome‐mediated degradation by removing poly‐ubiquitin chains conjugated onto NONO. Functionally, USP11 mediated melanoma cell proliferation via the regulation of NONO levels because ablation of USP11 inhibits the proliferation which could be rescued by ectopic expression of NONO protein. Moreover, a significant positive correlation between USP11 and NONO concentrations was found in clinical melanoma samples. Collectively, these results demonstrate that USP11 is a new deubiquitinase of NONO and that the signalling axis of USP11‐NONO is significantly involved in melanoma proliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mass transfer of guest molecules has a significant impact on the applications of nanoporous crystalline materials and particularly shape‐selective catalysis over zeolites. Control of mass transfer to alter reaction over zeolites, however, remains an open challenge. Recent studies show that, in addition to intracrystalline diffusion, surface barriers represent another transport mechanism that may dominate the overall mass transport rate in zeolites. We demonstrate that the methanol‐to‐olefins (MTO) reaction can be modulated by regulating surface permeability in SAPO‐34 zeolites with improved chemical liquid deposition and acid etching. Our results explicitly show that the reduction of surface barriers can prolong catalyst lifetime and promote light olefins selectivity, which opens a potential avenue for improving reaction performance by controlling the mass transport of guest molecules in zeolite catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the relaxation states of 11 large impact basins on Mercury based on an updated crustal thickness map, finding that the pre‐Tolstojan basins have comparable instead of varied relaxation states, suggesting that Moho temperature (TempMoho) did not decrease substantially from ∼4.2 to 3.8 Ga. At the same time, mantle uplift beneath the Caloris basin is the least degraded, therefore implying a sharp decrease of TempMoho∼ 3.8 Ga. These findings contrast with our thermal evolution models that predict a fast decrease of TempMoho between ∼4.2 and 3.8 Ga. Therefore, the discrepancies in the cooling rate suggest that the relatively elevated bombardment history between ∼4.2 and 3.8 Ga might have input additional energy to Mercury and substantially decreased the cooling rate. Plain Language Summary: Formation of large impact basins on Mercury, a terrestrial rocky planet, was accompanied with a rebound of the floor, which resulted in an uplift of the mantle plug beneath it. These structures are likely to subside or relax, a process influenced by the thermal structure. The crustal thickness model of Mercury reveals the geometric shape of mantle plugs under large impact basins, indicating variation in the degree of relaxation, thus differences in the temperatures on Mercury lithosphere when the basins formed. Therefore, the present‐day shape of mantle plugs under the age‐determined basins provides information about the thermal history of Mercury. The discrepancy between the thermal history as inferred from age‐determined basin relaxation measurements and an analytical model of planetary cooling suggests that impact bombardments might have input additional energy to Mercury during the period of basin formation. Key Points: Crustal structures of 11 impact basins on Mercury were inferred from a crustal thickness modelCaloris is substantially less relaxed than older basinsIntensive impact bombardment possibly contributed additional heat to Mercury during the period from ∼4.2 to 3.8 Ga [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Multiple myeloma stem‐like cells (MMSCs) are responsible for initiation and relapse, though novel treatment paradigms that effectively eradicate MMSCs are yet to be developed. Selective inhibition of the cell cycle regulatory kinase Wee1 by MK1775 is being explored as a potential anti‐cancer therapeutic. We report that higher expression of Wee1 is correlated with poor survival in multiple myeloma (MM). The MM models and patient‐derived CD138+ plasma cells are particularly sensitive to the growth‐inhibitory effects of the Wee1 inhibitor MK1775. MK1775 induces Mus81‐Eme1 endonuclease‐mediated DNA damage in S‐phase cell cycle that results in a blockade of replication and then apoptosis. Furthermore, MK1775 strongly suppresses the features of stemness in vitro, in vivo and in primary CD138+ cells by decreasing ALDH1+ cell fraction and the expression of ALDH1. In addition, co‐treatment of MK1775 with bortezomib is synergistic in vitro and in vivo. Bortezomib, although it enhances ALDH1+ cells, when combined with MK1775 abrogates this stimulatory effect on stemness. Considering MM as an invariably incurable malignancy due to the presence of heterogenic myeloma stem‐like cells, our study presents inhibition of Wee1 as a promising targeted therapy for MM and provides a compelling rationale to further investigate the activity of MK1775 against myeloma in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Confinement of molecules in nanoporous crystalline materials results in the unique and diverse characteristics of intracrystalline diffusion and adsorption, which can significantly affect the efficiency of gas separation and/or catalysis. However, understanding the interplay between confinement and intracrystalline diffusion and adsorption remains elusive at the quantitative level. In this work, it is found that the intracrystalline diffusion could be related to the hopping rate, which might be further connected to the translational and rotational motion of molecules and quantified by corresponding partition functions. Based on this analysis, the correlations capable of predicting the intracrystalline diffusivity and the adsorption entropy are developed. It is shown that the correlations can well capture the experimental and simulation results of more than 20 frameworks, including zeolites and MOFs, for a wide range of guest molecules. This approach can potentially serve as rapid screening tool for nanoporous crystalline materials in gas separation and catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guiding the lithium ion (Li‐ion) transport for homogeneous, dispersive distribution is crucial for dendrite‐free Li anodes with high current density and long‐term cyclability, but remains challenging for the unavailable well‐designed nanostructures. Herein, we propose a two‐dimensional (2D) heterostructure composed of defective graphene oxide (GO) clipped on mesoporous polypyrrole (mPPy) as a dual‐functional Li‐ion redistributor to regulate the stepwise Li‐ion distribution and Li deposition for extremely stable, dendrite‐free Li anodes. Owing to the synergy between the Li‐ion transport nanochannels of mPPy and the Li‐ion nanosieves of defective GO, the 2D mPPy‐GO heterostructure achieves ultralong cycling stability (1000 cycles), even tests at 0 and 50 °C, and an ultralow overpotential of 70 mV at a high current density of 10.0 mA cm−2, outperforming most reported Li anodes. Furthermore, mPPy‐GO‐Li/LiCoO2 full batteries demonstrate remarkably enhanced performance with a capacity retention of >90 % after 450 cycles. Therefore, this work opens many opportunities for creating 2D heterostructures for high‐energy‐density Li metal batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterised by the proliferation and accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Despite the progress in treatment over the last few years, MM remains incurable and the majority of patients relapse. MM stem‐like cells (MMSCs) have been considered as the main reason for drug resistance and eventual relapse. Currently, therapeutic agents are not enough to eradicate MMSCs, and finding effective strategies to eradicate MMSCs may improve the outcome of patients. Here we showed that lycorine, a natural compound from the Amaryllidaceae species, effectively inhibits the proliferation of myeloma cells from cell lines or patients, mainly through decreasing ALDH1+ cells. Mechanistically, lycorine decreases the MMSC population through inhibition of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway by reducing the β‐catenin protein level. Moreover, lycorine could overcome the increasing proportion of ALDH1+ cells caused by bortezomib (BTZ) treatment, and a combination BTZ and lycorine have a synergistic effect on anti‐myeloma cells. Furthermore, we found a similar reduction of MMSC characteristics by lycorine in BTZ‐resistant MM cells and primary CD138+ plasma cells. Collectively, our findings indicate lycorine as a promising agent to target MMSCs to overcome the drug resistance of BTZ, and that, alone or in combination with BTZ, lycorine is a potential therapeutic strategy for MM treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The non‐POU domain‐containing octamer‐binding protein NONO/p54nrb, which belongs to the Drosophila behaviour/human splicing (DBHS) family, is a multifunctional nuclear protein rarely functioning alone. Emerging solid evidences showed that NONO engages in almost every step of gene regulation, including but not limited to mRNA splicing, DNA unwinding, transcriptional regulation, nuclear retention of defective RNA and DNA repair. NONO is involved in many biological processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and DNA damage repair. Dysregulation of NONO has been found in many types of cancer. In this review, we summarize the current and fast‐growing knowledge about the regulation of NONO, its biological function and implications in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Overall, significant findings about the roles of NONO have been made, which might make NONO to be a new biomarker or/and a possible therapeutic target for cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New Findings: What is the central question of this study?Is the membrane raft redox signalling pathway involved in blood pressure increase, endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodelling in an angiotensin II‐induced hypertensive animal model?What is the main finding and its importance?The membrane raft redox signalling pathway was involved in endothelial dysfunction and medial remodelling in angiotensin II‐induced hypertension. The membrane raft (MR) redox pathway is characterized by NADPH oxidase activation via the clustering of its subunits through lysosome fusion and the activation of acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase). Our previous study shows that the MR redox signalling pathway is associated with angiontensin II (AngII)‐induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and endothelial dysfunction in rat mesenteric arteries. In the present study, we hypothesized that this signalling pathway is involved in blood pressure increase, endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodelling in an AngII‐induced hypertensive animal model. Sixteen‐week‐old male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to AngII infusion for 2 weeks with or without treatment with the lysosome fusion inhibitor bafilomycin A1 and ASMase inhibitor amitriptyline. After treatments, aortas were harvested for further study. The results showed that the MR redox signalling pathway was activated as indicated by the increase of MR formation, ASMase activity and ROS production in aorta from AngII‐infused rats compared with that from control rats. MR formation and ROS production were significantly inhibited in thoracic aorta from AngII‐induced rats treated with bafilomycin A1 and amitriptyline. Both treatments significantly attenuated blood pressure increase, endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodelling including medial hypertrophy, and increased collagen and fibronectin deposition in thoracic aortas from AngII‐infused rats. Finally, both treatments significantly prevented the increase of inflammatory factors including monocyte chemotactic protein 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and tumour necrosis factor α in thoracic aorta from AngII‐infused rats. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the MR redox signalling pathway was involved in endothelial dysfunction and medial remodelling in AngII‐induced hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The magnitude of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is extremely important with respect to the intra‐operative management of children and infants with an isolated ventricular septal defect (VSD). This study aimed to assess the feasibility and accuracy of transesophageal echocardiography for estimating pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) across isolated VSD. Methods: We compared the results of transesophageal echocardiography vs invasive PASP measured simultaneously. This study included 40 patients (age: 6 months to 6 years; weight: >5 kg) who were undergoing elective surgery for isolated VSDs. Flow signals across the VSDs were identified as high velocity turbulent signals in systole via continuous wave Doppler at 0–120° at the mid‐esophageal level. Peak velocities were recorded. Radial artery systolic pressures were assessed invasively, and PASPs were obtained after exposing the pulmonary artery intra‐operatively. Results: After excluding five patients because of unusable measurements, invasive PASP measurements were obtained in 35 patients (87.5%). There were no significant biases between echocardiographic and catheterization measurements of PASP, with a tight confidence interval measuring, on average, up to 2.6 mmHg. However, the ± 2 standard deviation limits of agreement for mean PASP were −3.8 and 10.6 mmHg. Conclusion: PASP measurements via transesophageal echocardiography in cardiac surgical patients under general anesthesia are recommended for use as a screening and monitoring tool for PH in children and infants, but cannot be used as a diagnostic tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A coke distribution model of catalyst particles in three‐dimensional space was developed based on population balance theory, and an analytic expression of coke distribution for zero‐dimensional time‐independent problem was deduced. The expression shows that the coke distribution is determined by the average catalyst residence time, coke deposition (or burning) rate, and coke distribution of catalyst inflow. The coke distribution model was further applied to the methanol to olefins (MTO) process. The critical factors influencing coke distribution in MTO process, as well as the effect of coke distribution on product selectivity, were investigated. Three scales of MTO fluidized bed reactor–regenerator systems, i.e., pilot‐scale, demonstration‐scale and commercial‐scale with the reactor diameter of 0.261, 1.25, and 10.5 m, respectively, were simulated. The simulated results were in good agreement with the operation data. The model could be helpful in the operation optimization and reactor design. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 1149–1161, 2019 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The methanol to olefins (MTO) process has received considerable interest due to its importance in transforming abundant resources such as coal, natural gas, and biomass to widely‐demanded light olefins. In the MTO process, the coke deposited on the catalyst governs the catalyst activity and product selectivity, and thus is critical to the reaction behaviour. In the industrial processes, the residence time and coke content of catalyst particles in the reactor show a certain distribution due to the continuous outflow of spent catalyst and inflow of regenerated catalyst, which need further attention. The multi‐phase particle‐in‐cell (MP‐PIC) approach was used in the current work to simulate the catalyst residence time and coke content distribution. The effect of gas‐solid flow patterns, reactor structure, and average catalyst residence time on the residence time and coke content distribution was investigated. It was found that at high superficial velocities, the coke content distributions obtained with the MP‐PIC method are consistent with the distribution deduced from the ideally mixed flow assumption of catalyst particles. The results suggested that it is possible to simulate large‐scale MTO reactors by use of the coke distribution. In particular, by incorporating an initial coke distribution, the time needed to reach steady state in the MTO reactor simulations could be greatly reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A kinetic model for methanol to olefins (MTO) process over SAPO‐34 catalyst was established based on the dual‐cycle reaction mechanism. Simplifications were made by assuming olefins‐based cycle as virtual species S, and aromatics‐based cycle as R, where the former mainly accounts for the production of higher olefins, while the latter for lower olefins. Transformation of S to R was considered with the participation of methanol and olefins. Meanwhile, a phenomenological deactivation model was developed to account for the deactivation process. With the proposed model, the evolution of methanol conversion and product selectivity with time on stream could be predicted, and key reaction characteristics, such as the autocatalytic nature of the reaction, could also be captured due to its mechanism‐based nature. Further simulations of MTO reactors at different scales validated the robustness and applicability of the current model in MTO process development and optimization. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 65: 662–674, 2019 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c‐met pathway activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM), and blocking this pathway has been considered a rational therapeutic strategy for treating MM. Aptamers are single‐stranded nucleic acid molecules that fold into complex 3D structures and bind to a variety of targets. Recently, it was reported that DNA aptamer SL1 exhibited high specificity and affinity for c‐met and inhibited HGF/c‐met signaling in SNU‐5 cells. However, as the first c‐met‐targeted DNA aptamer to be identified, application of SL1 to myeloma treatment requires further investigation. Here, we explore the potential application of SL1 in MM. Our results indicated that c‐met expression is gradually increased in MM patients and contributes to poor outcomes. SL1 selectively bound to c‐met‐positive MM cells but not to normal B cells and suppressed the growth, migration and adhesion of MM cells in vitro in a co‐culture model performed with HS5 cells, wherein SL1 inhibited HGF‐induced activation of c‐met signaling. In vivo and ex vivo fluorescence imaging showed that SL1 accumulated in the c‐met positive tumour areas. In addition, SL1 was active against CD138+ primary MM cells and displayed a synergistic inhibition effect with bortezomib. Collectively, our data suggested that SL1 could be beneficial as a c‐met targeted antagonist in MM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main challenge for semantic segmentation based on deep learning is how to encode effective representation due to the nature of point cloud. This letter proposes a plug‐and‐play module to abstract information from local, multi‐scale context, and interdependency to make up for the deficiency. Given an intermediate feature, our module first performs a multi‐scale context layer to adaptive density variance and gets rich contextual information. Then, our module infers attention masks along two dimensions, channel and pointwise in parallel. The attention masks are performed on the input features for further cultivation. Through this module, we can refine features from different perspectives. Experiments conducted on the Stanford 3D Indoor Semantics dataset demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. The results show that our method can achieve state‐of‐the‐art performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Automated attachment of chemotherapeutic drugs to oligonucleotides through phosphoramidite chemistry and DNA synthesis has emerged as a powerful technology in constructing structure‐defined and payload‐tunable oligonucleotide–drug conjugates. In practice, however, in vivo delivery of these oligonucleotides remains a challenge. Inspired by the systemic transport of hydrophobic payloads by serum albumin in nature, we report the development of a lipid‐conjugated floxuridine homomeric oligonucleotide (LFU20) that “hitchhikes” with endogenous serum albumin for cancer chemotherapy. Upon intravenous injection, LFU20 immediately inserts into the hydrophobic cave of albumin to form an LFU20/albumin complex, which accumulates in the tumor by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and internalizes into the lysosomes of cancer cells. After degradation, cytotoxic floxuridine monophosphate is released to inhibit cell proliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: WD repeat protein 79 (WDR79) is a member of the WD‐repeat protein family characterized by the presence of a series of WD‐repeat domains and is a scaffold protein that participates in telomerase assembly, Cajal body formation and DNA double strand break repair. Although previous studies have revealed that WDR79 is frequently overexpressed in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and promotes the proliferation of NSCLC cells, the underlying mechanism responsible for WDR79‐mediated NSCLC proliferation is not fully understood. In this study, we report a novel molecular function of WDR79 that mediates NSCLC cell proliferation by controlling the stability of UHRF1. In the nucleus, WDR79 colocalized and interacted with UHRF1. As a result, overexpression of WDR79 stabilized UHRF1, whereas ablation of WDR79 decreased the level of UHRF1. Meanwhile, we showed that WDR79 can protect UHRF1 from poly‐ubiquitination‐mediated proteolysis, which facilitated the stabilization of UHRF1. We further demonstrated that WDR79 exerts a proliferation effect on NSCLC cells by stabilizing UHRF1. These findings reveal that WDR79 is a novel UHRF1 regulator by maintaining UHRF1 stability, and they also provide a clue as to how to explore WDR79 for potential therapeutic application in NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]