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A coplanar waveguide-fed asymmetrical slot antenna with a rectangular patch for bandwidth enhancement is demonstrated.By attaching a rectangular patch to the monopole radiating element, a good performance of bandwidth enhancement for the antenna is achieved. From simulational and experimental results, the enhanced impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna, defined by -10 dB return loss, can reach 13.1 GHz, from 2.4 to 15.5 GHz, or about 146% with the center frequency 8.95 GHz, which makes it an excellent candidate for the ultra wideband (UWB, 3.1–10.6 GHz) applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2259–2261, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25476 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a major cause for low back pain. Studies showed the association between senescence and degenerative diseases. Cell senescence can promote the occurrence and development of degenerative diseases through multiple mechanisms including inflammatory stress, oxidative stress and nutritional deprivation. The roles of senescence and senescence‐associated genes (SAGs) remains unknown in IDD. Methods: Four differently expressed SAGs were identified as hub SAGs using "limma" package in R. We then calculated the immune infiltration of IDD patients, and investigated the relation between hub SAGs and immune infiltration. Enrichment analysis was performed to explore the functions of hub SAGs in IDD. Nomogram and LASSO model based on hub SAGs was constructed to predict the risk of severe degeneration (SD) for IDD patients. Subsequently, single cell analysis was conducted to describe the expression pattern of hub SAGs in intervertebral disc tissue. Results: We identified ASPH, CCND1, IGFBP3 and SGK1 as hub SAGs. Further analysis demonstrated that the hub SAGs might mediate the development of IDD by regulating immune infiltration and multiple pathways. The LASSO model based on the four hub SAGs showed good performance in predicting the risk of SD. Single cell analysis revealed that ASPH, CCND1 and SGK1 mainly expressed in nucleus pulposus cells, while IGFBP3 mainly expressed in epithelial cells. Eleven candidate drugs targeting hub SAGS were predicted for IDD patients through Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CDT). PCR and immunohistochemical analysis showed that the levels of four hub SAGs were higher in SD than MD (mild degeneration) patients. Conclusions: We performed a comprehensive analysis of SAGs in IDD, which revealed their functions and expression pattern in intervertebral disc tissue. Based on hub SAGs, we established a predictive model and explored the potential drugs. These findings provide new understandings of SAG mechanism and promising therapeutic strategies for IDD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the title compound, C14H30O4Si, the bond angles around Si are in the range 105.4 (3)–112.1 (4)° and the tetra­hydro­furan ring adopts a distorted envelope conformation. There is one intra­molecular and one inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond in the crystal structure. A spiral of mol­ecules forms around the 41 axis ( c axis) of the crystal structure via the inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ideal catalysts with all‐around advantages including high efficiency and selectivity, environment‐benign and good recyclability, etc. have been long‐sought yet challenging. Herein, the stable porous aromatic framework covalently embedded with N‐Hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) organocatalytic site was constructed to establish an ideal catalytic system. The synthesized PAF‐NHPI catalyst was demonstrated to be metal‐free, highly efficient, selective, recyclable and heterogeneous for the aerobic oxidation of various alcohols, aldehydes, olefins, and hydrosilanes (totally 66 examples). As a proof‐of‐concept, the continuous PAF‐NHPI packed bed reactor achieved persistent conversion of 1‐phenylethanol to acetophenone up to 95 % yield. This work provides the inspiration for developing ideal catalysts in practical production of fine chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing a facile strategy to realize fine‐tuning of phosphorescence color in time‐dependent room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials is essential but both theoretically and practically rarely exploited. Through simultaneously confining carboxyl dimer association and isolated carboxyl into the particle via a simple hydrothermal treatment of polyacrylic acid, a dual‐peak emission of red phosphorescence (645 nm) and green phosphorescence (550 nm) was observed from carbonized polymer dots (CPDs). The ratio of the two luminescent species can be well regulated by hydrochloric acid inhibiting the dissociation of carboxyl to promote hydrogen bond. Due to comparable but different lifetimes, color‐tunable time‐dependent RTP with color changing from yellow to green or orange to green were obtained. Based on the crosslinking enhanced emission effect, the phosphorescence visible time was even extended to 7 s through introducing polyethylenimide. This study not only proposes a novel and facile method for developing CPDs with color‐tunable time‐dependent RTP, but also provides a bran‐new non‐conjugated red phosphorescence unit and its definite structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have become an ideal cell source for the ex vivo generation of megakaryocyte (MK) and platelet products for clinical applications. However, an ongoing challenge is to establish scalable culture systems to maximize the yield of stem cell‐derived MKs that release platelets. We defined a specific dynamic 3D manufacturing system in a baffled‐flow manner that could remarkably facilitate megakaryopoiesis and increase the yield of platelet‐producing MKs from hESCs within a 12‐day induction period. Additionally, an increased number of >16N ploidy MKs, proplatelets, and platelets were generated from induced cells harvested on Day 12 using the specific dynamic culture method. The specific dynamic culture method significantly enhanced endothelium‐to‐haematopoietic transition and early haematopoiesis. More importantly, MK fate was significantly facilitated in a specific dynamic manner during early haematopoiesis. Mechanistically, this dynamic culture significantly enhanced mitochondrial function via the oxidative phosphorylation pathway and caused differentiation skewing of hESCs toward megakaryopoiesis. This study can aid in the automatic and scalable production of MKs from stem cells using baffled‐flow bioreactors and assist in the manufacturing of hESC‐derived MK and platelet products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photo‐responsive porous materials have demonstrated their versatility in various areas. However, photoactivation in the fluorescent conjugated microporous polymer (CMP) microspheres is barely reported. Herein, a facile synthesis of benzosilole‐based CMPs with uniform microspheric morphology and their unprecedented photoactivated fluorescence enhancement as converse‐photobleaching behavior are reported. By simple ultraviolet irradiation, the fluorescence of the CMP microspheres as the dispersion in various solvents is enhanced up to 60‐fold. More importantly, the photoactivation‐induced emission enhancement is carefully revealed to originate from the renovation of the ubiquitous defects by solvent molecule adsorption, photo‐dissociating, photo‐interparticle coupling, and photochemical reactions, supported by control experiments, theoretical calculations, and molecular dynamics simulations. The systematic elucidation of the CMP defects can open a new door to developing photo‐responsive polymers for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Osteoporosis (OP) and periodontitis are both diseases with excessive bone resorption, and the number of patients who suffer from these diseases is expected to increase. OP has been identified as a risk factor that accelerates the pathological process of periodontitis. Achieving effective and safe periodontal regeneration in OP patients is a meaningful challenge. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and biosecurity of human cementum protein 1 (hCEMP1) gene‐modified cell sheets for periodontal fenestration defect regeneration in an OP rat model. Materials and Methods: Rat adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (rADSCs) were isolated from Sprague–Dawley rats. After primary culture, rADSCs were subjected to cell surface analysis and multi‐differentiation assay. And rADSCs were transduced with hCEMP1 by lentiviral vector, and hCEMP1 gene‐modified cell sheets were generated. The expression of hCEMP1 was evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry staining, and transduced cell proliferation was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit‐8. The hCEMP1 gene‐modified cell sheet structure was detected by histological analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Osteogenic and cementogenic‐associated gene expression was evaluated by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, an OP rat periodontal fenestration defect model was used to evaluate the regeneration effect of hCEMP1 gene‐modified rADSC sheets. The efficacy was assessed with microcomputed tomography and histology, and the biosecurity of gene‐modified cell sheets was evaluated by histological analysis of the spleen, liver, kidney and lung. Results: The rADSCs showed a phenotype of mesenchymal stem cells and possessed multi‐differentiation capacity. The gene and protein expression of hCEMP1 through lentiviral transduction was confirmed, and there was no significant effect on rADSC proliferation. Overexpression of hCEMP1 upregulated osteogenic and cementogenic‐related genes such as runt‐related transcription factor 2, bone morphogenetic protein 2, secreted phosphoprotein 1 and cementum attachment protein in the gene‐modified cell sheets. The fenestration lesions in OP rats treated with hCEMP1 gene‐modified cell sheets exhibited complete bone bridging, cementum and periodontal ligament formation. Furthermore, histological sections of the spleen, liver, kidney and lung showed no evident pathological damage. Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrates that hCEMP1 gene‐modified rADSC sheets have a marked ability to enhance periodontal regeneration in OP rats. Thus, this approach may represent an effective and safe strategy for periodontal disease patients with OP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary spinal cord astrocytoma (SCA) is a rare disease. Knowledge about the molecular profiles of SCAs mostly comes from intracranial glioma; the pattern of genetic alterations of SCAs is not well understood. Herein, we describe genome‐sequencing analyses of primary SCAs, aiming to characterize the mutational landscape of primary SCAs. We utilized whole exome sequencing (WES) to analyze somatic nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number variants (CNVs) among 51 primary SCAs. Driver genes were searched using four algorithms. GISTIC2 was used to detect significant CNVs. Additionally, recurrently mutated pathways were also summarized. A total of 12 driver genes were identified. Of those, H3F3A (47.1%), TP53 (29.4%), NF1 (19.6%), ATRX (17.6%), and PPM1D (17.6%) were the most frequently mutated genes. Furthermore, three novel driver genes seldom reported in glioma were identified: HNRNPC, SYNE1, and RBM10. Several germline mutations, including three variants (SLC16A8 rs2235573, LMF1 rs3751667, FAM20C rs774848096) that were associated with risk of brain glioma, were frequently observed in SCAs. Moreover, 12q14.1 (13.7%) encompassing the oncogene CDK4 was recurrently amplified and negatively affected patient prognosis. Besides frequently mutated RTK/RAS pathway and PI3K pathway, the cell cycle pathway controlling the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (RB) was mutated in 39.2% of patients. Overall, a considerable degree of the somatic mutation landscape is shared between SCAs and brainstem glioma. Our work provides a key insight into the molecular profiling of primary SCAs, which might represent candidate drug targets and complement the molecular atlas of glioma. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate whether risk factors related to pain vary at different stages of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: Individuals from the Osteoarthritis Initiative with available Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) grade and numerical rating scale (NRS) data at baseline were included in this study. Pain severity was classified into 3 categories based on NRS scores: no pain, mild pain, and moderate/severe pain. Knee OA severity was stratified into 4 categories according to the K/L system. Pain risk factors were evaluated using generalized ordinal logistic regression analysis, and a heatmap was created to compare differences in standardized regression coefficients between subgroups of patients with different knee OA severities. Results: A total of 4,446 subjects were included in this study: 1,574 individuals without pain (35.4%), 1,138 individuals with mild pain (25.6%), and 1,734 individuals with moderate/severe pain (39.0%). For the entire population and subjects in the premorbid‐stage subgroup, knee injury history, diabetes mellitus, depression, use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and valgus malaligned knees were associated with more severe pain. Older age and stronger quadriceps muscles were associated with milder pain. As the disease progressed, the number of significant risk factors decreased. Only age and quadriceps muscle force remained significant in end‐stage disease. Conclusion: Multiple factors are associated with pain in patients with knee OA. As the disease progresses, the number of significant risk factors gradually reduces. These findings suggest that strategies for managing pain related to knee OA should vary depending on radiographic grades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is not clear how the distribution of retained fracturing fluids and its effect on the permeability and wettability in tight oil reservoirs interact. Especially, there are more qualitative studies and less quantitative studies on this issue. Under laboratory experimental conditions, this paper clarifies the distribution of retained fracturing fluids in the core and reveals the influence rule of retained fracturing fluids on tight reservoir permeability and wettability. It is found that the main retention space of retained fracturing fluids in a tight reservoir is a microporous interval, and the residual oil after oil displacement by retained fracturing fluids mainly exists in the core in the form of dots or porphyries. The smaller permeability and porosity of the core will lead to more retained fracturing fluids. The permeability of different cores after fracturing fluid retention has decreased to varying degrees compared with that before fracturing fluid retention. The wettability of core slices before and after fracturing fluid retention was tested, and the effect of retained fracturing fluids on reservoir wettability was not significant. This study has important significance for improving the recovery of tight oil reservoirs and enhancing the understanding of postfracturing fluid retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Millimeter‐wave (mmWave) multi‐input multi‐output systems, affected by atmospheric conditions and hardware failure, are vulnerable to antenna element blockages and failures. The authors consider the hybrid beamforming (HBF) optimization problem for systems with impaired elements to approximate the performance of a fault‐free system. Especially, the impaired coefficient of elements is estimated rather than simply assuming it is completely invalid. Firstly, to ensure that radiation power is within the desired angle, the impaired coefficients are estimated and the beamforming vector basis is designed. Then, by using the derived basis and semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique, a minimax optimization problem is solved to smooth the passband response. Finally, a hybrid decomposition is conducted to be compatible with HBF structures. Numerical results indicate that the proposed algorithm improves the average data rate of the mmWave system with three impaired elements by about 40%, which is almost 93% of the performance of a fault‐free system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) is a unique form of poorly differentiated nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is notorious for its highly malignant nature and dismal prognosis. To introduce effective treatment for PSC patients, precise subtyping of PSC is demanding. In our study, TTF‐1 and P40 immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining were applied to 56 PSC patients with multiomics data. According to IHC results, we categorized these patients into three subgroups and profiled their molecular contexture using bioinformatic skills. IHC results classified these patients into three subgroups: TTF‐1 positive subgroup (n = 27), P40 positive subgroup (n = 15) and double‐negative subgroup (n = 14). Spindle cell samples accounted for 35.71% (5/14) of double‐negative patients, higher than others (P =.034). The three subgroups were heterogeneous in the genomic alteration spectrum, showing significant differences in the RTK/RAS pathway (P =.004) and the cell cycle pathway (P =.030). The methylation profile of the double‐negative subgroup was between the other two subgroups. In similarity analysis, the TTF‐1 and p40 subgroups were closely related to LUAD and LUSC, respectively. The TTF‐1 positive subgroup had the highest leukocyte fraction (LF) among several cancer types, and the tumor mutation burden (TMB) of the p40 positive subgroup ranked third in the TMB list, suggesting the applicability of immunotherapy for PSC. The study established a new subtyping method of PSC based on IHC results and reveals three subgroups with distinct molecular features, providing evidence for refined stratification in the treatment of PSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Line‐of‐sight (LOS)/non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) identification is crucial for millimetre‐wave (mmW) since it is vulnerable to blocking in the NLOS environment. In this paper, an LOS/NLOS environment identification method is proposed based on angle information learning. Specifically, a neural network named ALNN (angle information learning neural network) is employed, which can learn the difference between the various angle paraments to identify the LOS and NLOS environments for mmW wireless communication systems. First, the 3D mmW channel model is applied to extract the desired angle information. Moreover, an mmW wireless transmission system is constructed to introduce actual measurement data to test the proposed method. Furthermore, various hyperparameters of the ALNN are adjusted to improve identification accuracy. Simulation results show that the proposed method has outstanding identification performance, and the identification accuracy is up to 99.41%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are promising towards high energy density and superior safety energy storage systems (ESS), severe depletion of Li reserve cannot meet the ever‐growing demand for LIBs due to the uneven distribution and limited amount of Li resource. Li‐free polyanionic cathodes, such as Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) and Na3(VOPO4)2F (NVOPF), show intriguing electrochemical performances with prospective future for LIBs due to their appropriate crystallographic sites, robust host structure, and abundant Na resource. In this work, NVP and NVOPF were systematically investigated as cathodes for LIBs using different voltage windows of 2.5–4.3, 2.0–4.3, and 1.5–4.8 V, along with their electrochemical mechanisms, cathode electrolyte interphase properties, and electrode morphologies for comparison. Ex‐situ X‐ray diffraction, ex‐situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and post‐mortem scanning electron microscopy revealed that their mechanisms shifted from a predominant Na+ intercalation/deintercalation in the first charging/discharging to a mixed Li+/Na+ intercalation/deintercalation at the subsequent cycling. Due to the residual Na+ acting as pillar in the structure, NVP and NVPF could serve as robust host framework, providing appropriate crystallographic sites for repeated Li+/Na+ intercalation/deintercalation. NVP electrode delivered a higher discharge capacity of 107.6 mAh g−1 with superior capacity retention of 84.3 % after 1000 cycles (2.5–4.3 V, 100 mA g−1) than NVOPF electrode (97.3 mAh g−1, 68.8 %). Electrode polarization and kinetic analysis manifested one energetically similar and two energetically nonequivalent crystallographic Na sites within the R3‾c and I4/mmm polyanionic structure of NVP and NVOPF. This work comprehensively demonstrates the feasibility and prospect of sodium‐based NVP and NVOPF polyanions serving as advanced Li‐free cathodes for LIBs, which provides novel insights into seeking Li‐free candidates as prospective cathodes for LIBs towards a more sustainable society and a cost‐effective battery manufacturing system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoresponsive arylsilanes have been fascinating molecules for decades because of their unique photophysical characteristics and surface chemistry. Here we report the synthesis and fabrication of a crystalline two‐dimensional trisilyl metal–organic framework (TSiMOF) orderly installed with the classical photoresponsive hexamethyltrisilane groups on the surface. Irradiated by UV light under air in minutes the fluorescence of the TSiMOF is turned on simultaneously with an intriguing surface transformation from superhydrophobic to hydrophilic. Thus, multifarious luminescent and hydrophilic patterns including logos, characters and Quick Response codes, etc. with good resolution are readily generated on the facilely fabricated TSiMOF film. The mechanism of this transformation is revealed by control experiments that the superficial trimethylsilyl groups suffering photochemical oxidation have been converted to hydroxyl groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The resumption of work and production is one of the key issues during the novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) post‐epidemic phase. We used location‐based service data of mobile devices to assess the work resumption of 22,098 hospitals in mainland China. The multiscale influences of the determinants on work resumption in hospitals, including medical‐service capacity, human movement, and epidemic severity, were examined using the multiscale geographically weighted regression technique. This study provides a novel insight into the assessment of work resumption in hospitals and its determinants, and is flexible to be extended to evaluate the work resumption of other industries. The findings can introduce helpful information for other countries to implement the strategies of work recovery during the post‐epidemic phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obesity alters metabolic microenvironment and is thus associated with several tumours. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role, molecular mechanism of action, and potential clinical value of lipid metabolism–related long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) SLC25A21‐AS1 in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: A high‐fat diets (HFDs)‐induced obesity nude mouse model was established, and targeted metabolomics analysis was used to identify critical medium‐long chain fatty acids influencing the growth of ESCC cells. Transcriptomic analysis of public dataset GSE53625 confirmed that lncRNA SLC25A21‐AS1 was a lipid metabolism–related lncRNA. The biological function of lncRNA SLC25A21‐AS1 in ESCC was investigated both in vivo and in vitro. Chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP)assay, RNA‐pull down, mass spectrometry, co‐IP, and RNA IP(RIP) were performed to explore the molecular mechanism. Finally, an ESCC cDNA microarray was used to determine the clinical prognostic value of SLC25A21‐AS1 by RT‐qPCR. Results: Palmitic acid (PA) is an important fatty acid component of HFD and had an inhibitory effect on ESCC cell lines. LncRNA SLC25A21‐AS1 expression was downregulated by PA and associated with the proliferation and migration of ESCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SLC25A21‐AS1 interacted with nucleophosmin‐1 (NPM1) protein to promote the downstream gene transcription of the c‐Myc in the nucleus. In the cytoplasm, SLC25A21‐AS1 maintained the stability of SLC25A21 mRNA and reduced the intracellular NAD+/NADH ratio by influencing tryptophan catabolism. Finally, we demonstrated that high expression of SLC25A21‐AS1 promoted resistance to cisplatin‐induced apoptosis and was correlated with poor tumour grade and overall survival. Conclusions: HFD/PA has an inhibitory effect on ESCC cells and SLC25A21‐AS1 expression. SLC25A21‐AS1 promotes the proliferation and migration of ESCC cells by regulating the NPM1/c‐Myc axis and SLC25A21 expression. In addition, lncRNA SLC25A21‐AS1 may serve as a favourable prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for ESCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: electrodes; electrolytes; energy storage; interfacial chemistry; sodium-ion batteries EN electrodes electrolytes energy storage interfacial chemistry sodium-ion batteries 1 1 1 04/26/22 20220422 NES 220422 B The Front Cover b shows how the electrolyte composition is optimized to achieve superior cycle stability and interfacial properties for Na SB 3 sb (VO SB 1- I x i sb PO SB 4 sb ) SB 2 sb F SB 1+2 I x i sb (0<= I x i <=1, NVPF SB 1+2 I x i sb ) polyanionic cathode. The cathode/electrolyte interphase composition, post-mortem electrode morphology, and electrochemical kinetic characteristics of NVPF SB 1+2 I x i sb electrodes with different electrolytes are systematically investigated, providing new insights into the compatibility and interfacial chemistry between different electrolyte systems and various electrode surfaces. Electrodes, electrolytes, energy storage, interfacial chemistry, sodium-ion batteries. [Extracted from the article]

The feasibility of cooperative catalysis between chiral N‐heterocyclic carbenes and nickel in asymmetric reactions has been demonstrated convincingly. The high efficiency of this catalytic system enables the asymmetric allylic alkylation of isatin‐derived enals with allylic carbonates and [3+3] annulation with racemic vinyl epoxides to provide straightforward access to highly enantioenriched 3,3'‐disubstituted oxindoles. The great practicality of this method in organic synthesis has been showcased by facile product modification and enantioselective synthesis of the key building block to access (−)‐debromoflustramine B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Heart failure (HF) is defined as the inability of the heart's systolic and diastolic function to properly discharge blood flow from the veins to the heart. The goal of our research is to look into the possible mechanism that causes HF. Methods. The GSE5406 database was used for screening the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network were applied to analyze DEGs. Besides, cell counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was conducted to observe the knockdown effect of hub genes on cell proliferation. Results. Finally, 377 upregulated and 461 downregulated DEGs came out, enriched in the extracellular matrix organization and gap junction. According to GSEA results, Hoft cd4 positive alpha beta memory t cell bcg vaccine age 18–45 yo id 7 dy top 100 deg ex vivo up, Sobolev t cell pandemrix age 18–64 yo 7 dy dn, and so on were significantly related to gene set GSE5406. 7 hub genes, such as COL1A1, UBB, COL3A1, HSP90AA1, MYC, STAT3 and MAPK1, were selected from PPI networks. CCK-8 indicated silencing of STAT3 promoted the proliferation of H9C2 cells and silencing of UBB inhibited the proliferation of H9C2 cells. Conclusion. Our analysis reveals that COL1A1, UBB, COL3A1, HSP90AA1, MYC, STAT3, and MAPK1 might promote the progression of HF and become the biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of HF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irradiance prediction is a vital task in the renewable energy field. Its aim is to forecast the irradiance or power of a photovoltaic plant and thus provide a reference for stabilizing the power grid. In the real scenarios, missing data can significantly reduce the accuracy of the prediction. Meanwhile, due to the unawareness of the distribution of datasets, it is difficult to choose a suitable imputation method before modeling. Also, different imputation methods do not have the same good effects on different datasets. In this article, a recurrent neural network with an adaptive neural imputation module is proposed for forecasting direct solar irradiance using missing data. The model predicts future 4‐h irradiance based on the missing historical climate and irradiance data without imputing the data in pre‐processing stage. The proposed model is tested on the open access datasets, with missing values generated randomly in all input series. The model performance is compared under various missing rates and different input factors with other imputation methods. The results demonstrate that the proposed methods outperform other methods under different evaluation metrics. Furthermore, the authors integrate the model with the attention mechanism and find it has better performance at high irradiance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. This study is to explore key immune markers and changes of immune microenvironment in neuropathic pain (NeuP). Method. The data sets of GSE145199 and GSE145226 in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to analyze, and the key immune markers were verified by GSE70006 and GSE91396, and the infiltration degree of immune cells in different samples were analyzed by CIBERSORT analysis package. Results. In this study, we found a key immune marker, namely, LANCL1. Regulatory axis closely related to LANCL1 has also been found, namely, miR-6325/LANCL1 axis. In the immune infiltration analysis, we also found that the LANCL1 is positively correlated with T cells CD4 naïve (r = 0.880 , p < 0.05). Conclusion. In this study, we found that LANCL1 may be a protective factor for NeuP, and the miR-6325/LANCL1 axis may be involved in the occurrence and development of NeuP. Cascade reactions including mast cells, macrophages, and T cells may be an important reason for the aggravation of nerve damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient iron‐catalyzed allylation of cycloalkyl hydroperoxides with allylic sulfones via C−C bond cleavage is presented. This protocol provides an efficient approach to a wide range of distally allylated ketones with good functional group tolerance and high regioselectivity under redox‐neutral conditions. Preliminary mechanistic study implies a radical process might be involved in this reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In ocean voyages, cabin indoor localization plays a considerably important role in ship safety management. Due to the special structure of ships and the influence of internal and external environment, the mainstream indoor positioning technology nowadays is not ideal for positioning inside the cabin. In order to improve the positioning accuracy, this article proposes an adaptive K -value-based cabin indoor positioning algorithm. The algorithm constructs a fingerprint library by collecting Received Signal Strength Indication data and carries out filtering; matches fingerprint information by adaptive K -values during the localization process, while using double K -nearest neighbor to reduce the influence of outlier points on the final localization; and finally uses the multi-point mass center method to determine the final localization results. The experimental results in the automated cabin laboratory show that the average positioning error of the algorithm is 1.74 m, which can well meet the cabin indoor positioning requirements. Graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In traffic scenarios, vehicle trajectories can provide almost all the dynamic information of moving vehicles. Analyzing the vehicle trajectory in the monitoring scene can grasp the dynamic road traffic information. Cross-camera association of vehicle trajectories in multiple cameras can break the isolation of target information between single cameras and obtain the overall road operation conditions in a large-scale video surveillance area, which helps road traffic managers to conduct traffic analysis, prediction, and control. Based on the framework of DBT automatic target detection, this paper proposes a cross-camera vehicle trajectory correlation matching method based on the Euclidean distance metric correlation of trajectory points. For the multitarget vehicle trajectory acquired in a single camera, we first perform 3D trajectory reconstruction based on the combined camera calibration in the overlapping area and then complete the similarity association between the cross-camera trajectories and the cross-camera trajectory update, and complete the trajectory transfer of the vehicle between adjacent cameras. Experiments show that the method in this paper can well solve the problem that the current tracking technology is difficult to match the vehicle trajectory under different cameras in complex traffic scenes and essentially achieves long-term and long-distance continuous tracking and trajectory acquisition of multiple targets across cameras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have demonstrated that small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting YKL‐40 (siYKL‐40) inhibits the proliferation, migration, invasion, and induces antiapoptotic abilities of endometrial cancer (EC) HEC‐1A cells. However, its effect on angiogenesis is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role of YKL‐40 in endometrial cancer and the related molecular mechanisms. YKL‐40 was knocked down by transfection with siYKL‐40 and the effects on angiogenesis, cell viability, and signaling pathways were investigated. The results showed that siYKL‐40 inhibited VEGFA levels and tube formation in endothelial cells. Additionally, inhibition of YKL‐40 decreased the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), phosphorylated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (pVEGFR2), and phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinases 1 and 2 (pERK1/2). Furthermore, a nude mice xenograft model of EC showed that siYKL‐40 inhibited tumor growth. Inhibition of YKL‐40 led to suppression of angiogenesis and reduction of microvessel density through VEGF/VEGFR2 and ERK1/2 signaling in endometrial cancer cells. Taken together, this study demonstrated novel molecular mechanisms for role of YKL‐40 in EC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible high‐temperature polymeric dielectrics with advanced dielectric properties are urgently demanded in various applications. In this work, series of polymer blend films were prepared from aromatic polythiourea (ArPTU) and polyimide (PI). The experimental results revealed that the blend films were properly engineered to achieve higher breakdown strength, greater dielectric constant, and larger energy density than pure PI film. For instance, the optimum property was obtained from the blend film with 10 wt% ArPTU, exhibiting prominent dielectric properties (K = 4.52, Eb = 443 MV/m), enhanced energy density (4.00 J/cm3) as well as excellent heat resistance (Tg = 419°C). In addition, stable dielectric properties at broad temperature range from −50 to 250°C were also acquired. It is deduced that the good compatibility from ArPTU and PI with similar polarity are responsible for the improved properties. The superior comprehensive properties which combine the advantages of ArPTU and PI suggest the potential applications of ArPTU/PI blend film in high‐temperature dielectric areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A period control method of liquid crystal polarization grating is demonstrated, which is based on the polarization modulation of the exposure beam and can be realized by changing the angle parameters in the exposure setup. This method has the advantages in compact structure, high flexibility and good robustness. It provides a new choice for the fabrication of diffractive elements used in VR/AR optical systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two highly efficient metal‐organic framework catalysts TJU‐68‐NHPI and TJU‐68‐NDHPI have been successfully synthesized through solvothermal reactions of which the frameworks are merged with N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) units, resulting in the decoration of pore surfaces with highly active nitroxyl catalytic sites. When t‐butyl nitrite (TBN) is used as co‐catalyst, the as‐synthesized MOFs are demonstrated to be highly efficient and recyclable catalysts for a novel three‐phase heterogeneous oxidation of activated C−H bond of primary and secondary alcohols, and benzyl compounds under mild conditions. Based on the high efficiency and selectivity, an environmentally benign system with good sustainability, mild conditions, simple work‐up procedure has been established for practical oxidation of a wide range of substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the structure and the working principle of an existing linear potentiometer sensor are introduced; furthermore, the structure and circuit connection method of a new linear bipotentiometer sensor is proposed. The sensitivity, step error, and load characteristics of the existing potentiometer sensor and the linear bipotentiometer sensor are both studied and compared. The simulation results of their static characteristics show that the sensitivity of the linear bipotentiometer sensor is increased, the relative load error is greatly reduced, and the linearity is improved. Meanwhile, the measurement accuracy of the linear bipotentiometer sensor is effectively improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgrounds. Lung cancer is a major source of tumor-related death each year with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being a prevalent subtype. The metastasis from NSCLC to the brain usually imposes many neuron disorders. Previous studies have suggested that communications among cancer cells and interstitial cells are essential in tumorigenesis and are influenced by chemokines. In the tumor microenvironment, CXC chemokines can participate in the shifting of immune cells and manage tumor cell condition, thus affecting the progression of cancer and patient destinies. However, the expression and values of CXC chemokine family in NSCLC have not been systematically illustrated using public databases. Methods. UALCAN, STRING, ONCOMINE, GeneMANIA, cBioPortal, GEPIA, TISIDB, TRRUST, TIMER, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, and R software were utilized in this study. Results. Based on the TIMER and UACLCAN databases, in LUAD patients, the expression levels of CXCL10, CXCL13, and CXCL14 were significantly elevated while the transcriptional levels of CXCL2/3/4/7/12/16 were significantly reduced; in LUSC patients, the expression levels of CXCL6/10/13/14 were significantly elevated while the expression levels of CXCL2/3/4/5/7/11/12/16/17 were significantly reduced. We found remarkable relevance between the pathological stages of LUAD patients and the expressions of CXCL8 (positive) and CXCL17 (negative). Similarly, there are significant correlations between the pathological stages of LUSC patients and the expressions of CXCL1/2/6/17. In LUAD, patients with low expression levels of CXCL1/4/7/8 and patients with high expression levels of CXCL12/14/16 were associated with a significantly better prognosis. But in LUSC, all correlations between chemokines and prognosis are statistically insignificant. Pairwise expression correlation analysis among CXC chemokines shows that there are 7 significant correlations (between CXCL1 and CXCL2, between CXCL1 and CXCL3, between CXCL1 and CXCL8, between CXCL2 and CXCL3, between CXCL4 and CXCL7, between CXCL9 and CXCL10, and between CXCL9 and CXCL11) in LUAD and 4 significant correlations (between CXCL1 and CXCL8, between CXCL2 and CXCL3, between CXCL4 and CXCL7, and between CXCL10 and CXCL11) in LUSC. Significant correlations between the expressions of CXC chemokines and the infiltration of six common types of immune cells were also discovered in both LUAD and LUSC. Conclusions. We provided a comprehensive landscape of the CXC chemokine family in LUAD and LUSC using the bioinformatics method and found differences between LUSC and LUAD in the field of CXC chemokines. Our study may help validate and identify known novel immunotherapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter considers the robust design of radar waveform with discrete phase codes under constant modulus constraint to enhance target detectability. To solve the resultant max‐min non‐convex optimization problem, a robust discrete phase coding algorithm via iterative technology (R‐DPCA‐IT) is developed which monotonically improves the worst‐case SNR and has an upper bound ensuring to converge a finite value. At each iteration, the original multidimensional quadratic optimization problem is turned into multiple one‐dimensional optimization problems solved globally via line search. Finally, the computational time and objective value of the proposed algorithm are assessed in comparison with the existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the traditional target classification and recognition algorithm based on Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) feature extraction and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification and applies this algorithm to distributed artificial intelligence image recognition. Due to the huge number of images, the general detection speed cannot meet the requirements. We have improved the HOG feature extraction algorithm. Using principal component analysis (PCA) to perform dimensionality reduction operations on HOG features and doing distributed artificial intelligence image recognition experiments, the results show that the image detection efficiency is slightly improved, and the detection speed is also improved. This article analyzes the reason for these changes because PCA mainly uses the useful feature information in HOG features. The parallelization processing of HOG features on graphics processing unit (GPU) is studied. GPU is used for high parallel and high-density calculations, and the calculation of HOG features is very complicated. Using GPU for parallelization of HOG features can make the calculation speed of HOG features improved. We use image experiments for the parallelized HOG feature algorithm. Experimental simulations show that the speed of distributed artificial intelligence image recognition is greatly improved. By analyzing the existing digital image recognition methods, an improved BP neural network algorithm is proposed. Under the premise of ensuring accuracy, the recognition speed of digital images is accelerated, the time required for recognition is reduced, real-time performance is guaranteed, and the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rational synthesis of high‐performance thermoelectric (TE) materials guided by theoretical design is still in its infancy. Here by computationally exploiting the possibilities of materials' dopability and hence the electron–phonon transport/scattering, a new defective compound, AgGaTe2, with simultaneous Ag deficiency and isoelectronic substitution of In on Ga‐site (InGa) is predicted, and its high performance is then confirmed via experiments. Using density functional theory and density functional perturbation theory calculations, it is identified that controlled defects viz. Ag vacancy and In substitution in AgGaTe2 system can lead to extremely low lattice thermal conductivity (κL) of around 0.13 WK−1 m−1 at 850 K. This ultralow κL results from both the Ag vacancy that serves as a better rattler and the extra phonon scattering due to the defect induced internal lattice distortion (ψ). The synthesized compounds Ag0.85Ga1−xInxTe2 (x = 0–0.3) indeed achieve the extremely low κL (0.08 WK−1 m−1 for x = 0.15). As a result, the highest TE figure of merit (ZT) of 1.44 is obtained, which is the highest recorded value for silver‐based ternary chalcopyrite semiconductors to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the progress made on the production of graphene using liquid‐phase exfoliation methods, the fabrication of graphene with both high conductivity and dispersibility remains challenging. Through catalytic exfoliation of graphite, an effective synthesis method for graphene with large lateral size (≈10 µm), high conductivity (926 S cm–1), and excellent water solubility (≈10 mg mL–1) is reported herein. Such graphene can be used broadly for applications such as lithium ion batteries, where both high conductivity and dispersibility are required. As an example, the synthesis of graphene and lithium‐iron‐phosphate composites is demonstrated, which leads to electrodes with dramatically improved cycling stability and rate performance. Adaption of such material leads to electrodes with volumetric energy density as high as 658.7 and 287.6 W h L–1 under 0.5 and 20 C, respectively, which is significantly higher than that of commercial LiFePO4 (394.7 and 13.5 W h L–1 at 0.5 and 20 C, respectively). This work provides a new method of making high‐conductivity–dispersibility graphene for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A practical method for the synthesis of selenylsubstituted indolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolin‐6(5H)‐ones through Fe(OTf)3‐promoted tandem selenylation/cyclization of 2‐arylindoles was developed. In this transformation, new C−Se bond and C−C bond were constructed simultaneously under mild conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a multifactorial disease of various aetiologies. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand‐activated transcription factor that responds to ligands to induce or repress gene expressions, thereby regulating a diverse spectrum of biological or pathophysiologic effects. However, the effect of AhR on AKI remains unknown. A single intraperitoneal injection of 50% glycerol was performed to induce rhabdomyolysis in C57BL/6J mice. The bilateral renal pedicles were occluded for 30 minutes and then removed to stimulate renal I/R injury. 6‐formylindolo[3,2‐b]carbazole (FICZ), a photo‐oxidation product of tryptophan with a high affinity for AhR, was used. The in vitro study was performed on HK‐2 cells. Ferrous myoglobin and FICZ was dissolved in the medium in different cell groups. Treatment with AhR agonist FICZ significantly alleviated the elevation of serum creatinine and urea in AKI. AKI modelling‐induced renal damage was attenuated by FICZ. AhR mainly expressed in proximal tubular cells and could be activated by FICZ administration. Meanwhile, AKI triggered the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in injured kidneys, while FICZ inhibited their expressions. Furthermore, FICZ effectively reversed cell apoptosis in AKI models. Mechanistically, AKI stimulated the activation of NF‐κB and JNK pathways in the kidneys, while FICZ significantly suppressed these corresponding protein expressions. For the in vitro study, FICZ also inhibited inflammation and apoptosis in myoglobin or H/R‐stimulated HK‐2 cells. In summary, agonism of AhR by FICZ alleviated rhabdomyolysis and I/R‐induced AKI. FICZ inhibited inflammation and apoptosis via suppressing NF‐κB and JNK pathways in proximal tubular cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As a type of malignant tumor, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) seriously threatens human health. This study is aimed at constructing a new, reliable prognostic model.Method: The gene expression profile data of HNSCC patients were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases. The immune-related differentially expressed genes (IRDEGs) related to HNSCC were identified. We then used Cox regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis to explore IRDEGs related to the HNSCC prognosis and to construct and validate a risk scoring model and used ESTIMATE to evaluate tumor immune infiltration in HNSCC patients. Finally, we validated IGSF5 expression and function in HNSCC cells.Results: A total of 1,195 IRDEGs were found from the GSE65858 dataset. Thirty-one of the 1,195 IRDEGs were associated with the prognosis of HNSCC. Nine key IRDEGs were further selected using the LASSO method, and a risk scoring model was established for predicting the survival of HNSCC patients. According to the risk scoring model, the prognosis of patients in the high-risk group was worse than that of the low-risk group; the high-risk group had significantly higher immune scores than the low-risk group; and between the high- and low-risk samples, there were significant differences in the proportion of 10 types of cells, including naive cells, plasma cells, and resting CD4+ memory T cells. IGSF5 has low expression in HNSCC, and overexpression of IGSF5 significantly impaired HNSCC cell proliferation.Conclusion: This prognostic risk assessment model can help systematically evaluate the survival prognosis of HNSCC patients and provides a new research direction for the improvement of the survival prognosis of HNSCC patients in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To research the impact of autophagy on alveolar epithelial cell inflammation and its possible mechanism in the early stages of hypoxia, we established a cell hypoxia–reoxygenation model and orthotopic left lung ischemia–reperfusion model. Rat alveolar epithelial cells stably expressing GFP‐LC3 were treated with an autophagy inhibitor (3‐MA) or an autophagy promoter (rapamycin), followed by hypoxia–reoxygenation treatment for 2, 4, and 6 hr in vitro. In vivo, 20 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (model group: No blocking of the hilum in the left lung; control group: Blocking of the hilum in the left lung for 1 hr with dimethyl sulfoxide lavage; 3‐MA group: Blocking of the hilum in the left lung for 1 hr with 100 ml/kg of 3‐MA (5 μmol/L) solution lavage; and rapamycin group: Blocking of the hilum in the left lung for 1 hr with 100 ml/kg of rapamycin (250 nmol/L) solution lavage) to establish an orthotopic left lung ischemia model. This study demonstrated that rapamycin significantly suppressed the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway and limited the expression of proinflammatory factors. A contrary result was found after the 3‐MA pretreatment. These findings indicate that autophagy reduces ischemia–reperfusion injury by repressing inflammatory signaling pathways in the early stages of hypoxia in vitro and in vivo. Autophagy could be a new protective method for application in lung ischemia–reperfusion injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Brown rice planthopper (BPH) is a devastating rice pest in Asia. Bph14 is the first cloned BPH‐resistance gene in rice, inducing callose deposition while impeding BPH feeding. Nitrogen application affects plant growth and resistance. However, there is little evidence on the influence of nitrogen on the callose content or regulation of rice BPH resistance. In this study, Luoyou9348 (containing Bph14 and highly resistant to BPH) and Yangliangyou6 (without Bph14 and susceptible to BPH) were planted under varying nitrogen regimes (0 , 90, 180 kg ha−1) to determine their effects on the resistance levels of rice to BPH feeding. The experiments involved BPH performance, plant volatile profiling and BPH preferences in laboratory and field experiments. RESULTS: We found that BPH egg hatching rate, total number of eggs laid and BPH preference increased with increasing nitrogen application in both rice varieties. However, the expression of Bph14, callose content and BPH feeding significantly declined with an increase in nitrogen fertilization in Luoyou9348, compared with Yangliangyou6. Also, the emission of volatile terpene compounds increased with increasing nitrogen application, which resulted in an increase in BPH numbers on both varieties. Two‐way analysis of variance indicated a significant interaction between rice variety and nitrogen in BPH feeding behavior. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide an insight for addressing problems involved in the incorporation of insecticidal genes into crop plants. The effects of nitrogen on insecticidal gene expression in rice plant defense are discussed. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co‐pyrolysis of direct coal liquefaction residue (DCLR) and low rank coals was regarded as reliable and efficient method to process DCLR. The treatment of the derived co‐pyrolysis char is important for the comprehensive utilization of DCLR. In this study, the non‐isothermal co‐pyrolysis of Shenhua DCLR and Huolinhe lignite, and the isothermal CO2 gasification of the co‐pyrolysis char were performed by the thermogravimetric analysis method. The interactive effect of co‐pyrolysis and the CO2 gasification behavior of the derived char were explored by comparing the experimental and calculated thermogravimetric/derivative thermogravimetric (TG/DTG) curves and reactivity – conversion (R ‐ x) curves, respectively. The results show that the devolatilization pattern at 200–600 °C was modified and part of volatiles were released in advance. As the experimental co‐pyrolysis Tmax was lower by 7–13 °C than the calculated value, while it was almost equal to the Tmax of lignite pyrolysis. We tentatively concluded that lignite devolatilization could promote the evaporation of molten components of DCLR. Moreover, DCLR and lignite could polymerize or condensation with each other at 650–900 °C. The lignite char within co‐pyrolysis char could support the char skeleton and hold a high porosity. Therefore, the CO2 gasification reactivity of co‐pyroysis char was promoted and the experimental reactivity exceeded the calculated value over the conversion range of 12–90 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is regarded as an urgent clinical entity, and identification of differentially expressed genes, lncRNAs, and altered pathways shall provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms behind AMI. Materials and Methods. Microarray data was collected to identify key genes and lncRNAs involved in AMI pathogenesis. The differential expression analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were employed to identify the upregulated and downregulated genes and pathways in AMI. The protein-protein interaction network and protein-RNA interaction analysis were utilized to reveal key long noncoding RNAs. Results. In the present study, we utilized gene expression profiles of circulating endothelial cells (CEC) from 49 patients of AMI and 50 controls and identified a total of 552 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Based on these DEGs, we also observed that inflammatory response-related genes and pathways were highly upregulated in AMI. Mapping the DEGs to the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and identifying the subnetworks, we found that OMD and WDFY3 were the hub nodes of two subnetworks with the highest connectivity, which were found to be involved in circadian rhythm and organ- or tissue-specific immune response. Furthermore, 23 lncRNAs were differentially expressed between AMI and control groups. Specifically, we identified some functional lncRNAs, including XIST and its antisense RNA, TSIX, and three lncRNAs (LINC00528, LINC00936, and LINC01001), which were predicted to be interacting with TLR2 and participate in Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. In addition, we also employed the MMPC algorithm to identify six gene signatures for AMI diagnosis. Particularly, the multivariable SVM model based on the six genes has achieved a satisfying performance (AUC = 0.97). Conclusion. In conclusion, we have identified key regulatory lncRNAs implicated in AMI, which not only deepens our understanding of the lncRNA-related molecular mechanism of AMI but also provides computationally predicted regulatory lncRNAs for AMI researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute lung injury (ALI) induced by sepsis is characterized by an inflammatory process related to the up‐regulation of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In the present study, we explored the role of circC3P1 in sepsis‐induced ALI in vitro and in vivo. The caecal ligation and puncture (CLP)‐induced sepsis model was established through CLP surgery. Forty adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into sham, CLP, CLP + vector and CLP + circC3P1 (each n = 10). Primary murine pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (MPVECs) were transfected with circC3P1 or empty vector 24 hours prior to LPS treatment via Lipofectamine 2000. The expressions of circC3P1, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and IL‐1β were evaluated after 6‐h LPS treatment. Cell apoptosis was evaluated via flow cytometry. The CLP group demonstrated pulmonary morphological abnormalities, increased concentrations of TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐1β in the lung tissue, compared with the sham group. MPVECs treated with LPS significantly elevated TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐1β levels and increased cell apoptosis than that in the control group. The circC3P1 overexpression in sepsis‐induced ALI mice attenuated pulmonary injury, inflammation and apoptosis. Besides, circC3P1 revealed anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic effect in MPVEC‐treated LPS. CircC3P1 overexpression reduced cell apoptosis and pro‐inflammatory cytokines levels via down‐regulating miR‐21. CircC3P1 attenuated pro‐inflammatory cytokine production and cell apoptosis in ALI induced by sepsis through modulating miR‐21, indicating that circC3P1 is a promising therapeutic biomarker for sepsis‐induced ALI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extreme learning machine (ELM) is a type of machine learning algorithm for training a single hidden layer feedforward neural network. Randomly initializing the weight between the input layer and the hidden layer and the threshold of each hidden layer neuron, the weight matrix of the hidden layer can be calculated by the least squares method. The efficient learning ability in ELM makes it widely applicable in classification, regression, and more. However, owing to some unutilized information in the residual, there are relatively huge prediction errors involving ELM. In this paper, a deep residual compensation extreme learning machine model (DRC‐ELM) of multilayer structures applied to regression is presented. The first layer is the basic ELM layer, which helps in obtaining an approximation of the objective function by learning the characteristics of the sample. The other layers are the residual compensation layers in which the learned residual is corrected layer by layer to the predicted value obtained in the previous layer by constructing a feature mapping between the input layer and the output of the upper layer. This model is applied to two practical problems: gold price forecasting and airfoil self‐noise prediction. We used the DRC‐ELM with 50, 100, and 200 residual compensation layers respectively for experiments, which show that DRC‐ELM does better in generalization and robustness than classical ELM, improved ELM models such as GA‐RELM and OS‐ELM, and other traditional machine learning algorithms such as support vector machine (SVM) and back‐propagation neural network (BPNN). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Intron‐containing genes have the ability to generate multiple transcript isoforms by splicing, thereby greatly expanding the eukaryotic transcriptome and proteome. In eukaryotic cells, precursor mRNA (pre‐mRNA) splicing is performed by a mega‐macromolecular complex defined as a spliceosome. Among its splicing components, U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (U1 snRNP) is the smallest subcomplex involved in early spliceosome assembly and 5′‐splice site recognition. Its central component, named U1‐70K, has been extensively characterized in animals and yeast. Very few investigations on U1‐70K genes have been conducted in plants, however. To this end, we performed a comprehensive study to systematically identify 115 U1‐70K genes from 67 plant species, ranging from algae to angiosperms. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the expansion of the plant U1‐70K gene family was likely to have been driven by whole‐genome duplications. Subsequent comparisons of gene structures, protein domains, promoter regions and conserved splicing patterns indicated that plant U1‐70Ks are likely to preserve their conserved molecular function across plant lineages and play an important functional role in response to environmental stresses. Furthermore, genetic analysis using T‐DNA insertion mutants suggested that Arabidopsis U1‐70K may be involved in response to osmotic stress. Our results provide a general overview of this gene family in Viridiplantae and will act as a reference source for future mechanistic studies on this U1 snRNP‐specific splicing factor. Significance Statement: This study describes a comprehensive analysis to systematically name and identify 115 U1‐70K genes from 67 plant species, ranging from algae to angiosperms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]