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Marcel Proust's A la recherche du temps perdu, an unparalleled chronicle of European modernity's transition from the nineteenth to the twentieth century, was published between 1913 and 1927. It was not until the 1950s, however, that a complete German translation of the novel appeared. Earlier attempts did not get far: Rudolph Schottlaender's 1925 translation of the first volume was critically panned, and the subsequent translation of the next two volumes by Walter Benjamin and Franz Hessel was unfortunately curtailed by the rise of Nazism and these writers' untimely deaths. A full rendering into German of Proust's magnum opus was only completed between 1953 and 1957 by Eva Rechel‐Mertens. Reconstructing the upheavals of the translation history of Proust's Recherche into German, this article also draws on archival research into Rechel‐Mertens' literary estate, held at the Deutsches Literaturarchiv, to ask to what extent it was already too late for a German readership to be introduced to a German Proust, as Peter Suhrkamp once wrote to Rechel‐Mertens. Examining behind‐the‐scenes correspondence between publishers, translators and critics, this essay investigates the seemingly random and turbulent history of the late emergence of a 'deutscher Proust' and the implications of this for modern German – and, indeed, European – literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preparation of polymers containing sulfur–nitrogen bond derivatives, particularly 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐sulfanyl (TEMPS) dimers (i.e., BiTEMPS), has been limited to free‐radical or conventional step‐growth polymerization as result of the inherent thermal lability of the BiTEMPS unit. Accordingly, a novel poly(diaminodisulfide) possessing the BiTEMPS functional group is synthesized via acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization at 65–75 °C within 3 h with precise control over the primary polymer structure. Polymer is isolated with an Mn of 20 400 g mol−1 and Ð of 1.9. Importantly, detailed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), size exclusion chromatography, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐IR) in addition to elemental analysis studies of the BiTEMPS polymer confirm the successful polymerization, and show that the BiTEMPS unit remains intact during the polymerization process. Furthermore, the previously unexplored UV‐responsiveness of the BiTEMPS decorated polymer backbone is investigated for the very first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Malgré les retombées économiques, sociales et environnementales de l'évolution du temps de travail, les études sur les préférences en la matière sont dispersées entre diverses disciplines et disséminées dans de multiples revues. Dans cette revue systématique de la littérature fondée sur 173 articles, il est démontré que les études existantes concernent un petit nombre de pays de l'OCDE, portent surtout sur les professions médicales et font essentiellement appel à des données d'enquête et à des méthodes statistiques. Les résultats les plus clairs et les plus homogènes ont trait à l'influence du genre, des obligations en matière de garde des enfants et du temps de travail actuel, tandis que les normes et la formation des préférences demeurent mal comprises. Davantage de travaux qualitatifs sont indispensables pour déterminer comment faire progresser la réduction du temps de travail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: L'étude porte sur les préférences en matière de temps de travail de femmes occupées vingt heures par semaine, selon des horaires fixes, dans une entreprise manufacturière. Sur la base d'une analyse quantitative et qualitative, les auteurs définissent plusieurs profils types, en fonction de ces préférences et des motivations sous‐jacentes. Leurs résultats permettent de nuancer les conclusions d'études précédentes: 1) toutes les travailleuses interrogées ne peuvent pas ětre considérées comme étant en sous‐emploi; 2) měme à temps partiel, le travail peut ětre central et avoir du sens; 3) malgré la faiblesse du salaire, le temps libéré par le temps partiel n'est pas toujours destiné aux obligations familiales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID‐19 has led to unprecedented health and social measures in several countries, including major restrictions on funeral rituals. These restrictions concerned pre‐mortem, peri‐mortem and post‐mortem rites. Based on a longitudinal study of 955 French‐speaking Canadians bereaved of a loved one during the pandemic, this article describes the reality of these impediments. Through an analysis of the quantitative and qualitative data collected, it is possible to identify the gap between desired and realized funeral rituals during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The results show important hindrances to the various desired rituals, yet some ritual and symbolic creativity by the bereaved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Les auteurs analysent le travail à temps partiel féminin dans vingt-trois pays d'Europe en distinguant temps partiel court et temps partiel long. Au niveau individuel, le temps partiel court est associé aux tranches d'âge extrêmes, à un handicap léger, à un nombre d'enfants plus important, à un moindre niveau de formation et aux services collectifs, sociaux et personnels. La comparaison entre pays montre une forte variation du niveau de l'emploi à temps partiel, le temps partiel long étant en général plus fréquent que le court. Enfin, les deux types de temps partiel apparaissent complémentaires, leurs variations d'un pays à l'autre allant dans le même sens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Early differential diagnosis between patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), and subsequently providing appropriate treatments are essential. There has been increased interest regarding the association between affective temperaments and mood disorder diagnosis. Our aim was to analyze the diagnostic validity of affective temperaments assessed by the short version of the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego‐autoquestionnaire version (TEMPS‐A), in mood disorder patients. Methods: Inpatients with MDD (n = 146) or BD (n = 128) completed the short version of TEMPS‐A, and their depressive and manic symptom severities were evaluated. Data of MDD and BD patients were compared by univariable and multivariable analyses. Results: Of the five affective temperament dimensions, substantially higher hyperthymic, irritable, and cyclothymic temperament scores were found in BD patients than in MDD patients. Using a multivariable logistic regression model built using the severities of depressed and manic conditions, and the five affective temperament subscale scores as independent variables, we identified two factors statistically associated with BD diagnosis (anxious temperament and cyclothymic temperament). The recommended cutoff point for the 12 items evaluating cyclothymic temperament to differentiate BD from MDD was 8 or more 'True' items (sensitivity: 35.9%, specificity: 87.7%). Limitations: Our design was cross‐sectional, and therefore, there was a possibility of longitudinal diagnostic conversion of patients from MDD to BD. Conclusion: Cyclothymic and anxious temperaments on the short version of TEMPS‐A, identified as diagnostic differentiating factors between MDD and BD, may play supplementary roles in the early identification of BD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Alors que la littérature sur les inégalités de genre en lien avec les restructurations d'entreprises porte sur le caractère discriminatoire des processus descendants, les autrices examinent si ces inégalités existent lorsque le plan de restructuration repose sur l'autosélection. À partir de l'exemple d'une compagnie aérienne et de l'utilisation de méthodes mixtes, elles constatent que les hommes sont plus susceptibles d'accepter un départ volontaire et moins susceptibles d'opter pour un temps partiel aidé. Ils sont plus sensibles aux incitations financières et mieux préparés à se reconvertir dans une activité secondaire, tandis que les femmes choisissent le temps partiel pour mieux concilier vie privée et vie professionnelle. Les restructurations semblent donc amplifier la précarité des femmes sur le marché du travail, même dans le cadre de plans de départs volontaires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Comment évolue le temps de travail des salariés contraints au télétravail par les mesures sanitaires françaises en 2020? À partir d'une enquête qualitative conduite dans une régie municipale de l'eau, qui associe entretiens, observations directes et questionnaires, l'auteur montre que le télétravail pour motif de COVID‐19 restructure le temps de travail et redistribue le pouvoir de régulation. En période de confinement, la durée du travail s'allonge et les rythmes laborieux se modifient, avec des variations importantes selon la configuration familiale: le confinement en famille jugule l'allongement des journées de travail mais favorise leur fragmentation. Pour les télétravailleurs isolés, les effets sont inversés. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé L'auteur montre comment la ségrégation sexuelle et la ségrégation en fonction de la durée du travail modèlent l'espace professionnel des travailleurs à temps partiel. La première varie selon les parts du plein temps et du temps partiel dans l'emploi total. Le compromis entre volume de l'emploi féminin et ségrégation sexuelle est plus prégnant pour le plein temps. La ségrégation sexuelle est moins marquée dans l'emploi à temps partiel que dans l'emploi à plein temps, et l'écart entre le volume de l'emploi à temps partiel masculin et celui de l'emploi à temps partiel féminin détermine les effets du travail à temps partiel sur la ségrégation dans l'emploi total. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé. Se fondant sur le concept de genre, les auteurs examinent les caractéristiques des travailleurs et des emplois à temps partiel en Norvège. Le temps partiel choisi long est le plus fréquent et le plus féminisé, exprimant un ajustement des employeurs aux préférences des femmes. Le temps partiel choisi court, moins marqué par le sexe, est associé aux études ou à la retraite progressive; il répond au besoin de flexibilité dans les services de soins et à faibles qualifications. Le temps partiel subi relève du second marché du travail (contrats temporaires, origine non occidentale) et affecte plus les femmes que les hommes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Does collective bargaining lift wages for contingent workers? Well‐worn theory suggests that temps at a covered employer earn less than otherwise similar "perms," but still fare better than they would in a nonunion workplace. Our analysis of a national sample of matched employee–employer data first disposes of the universality of this conventional wisdom. Then, it allows us to test an alternative, contingent theory of the mitigating impact of collective bargaining on the temp wage gap predicated on received research in labor relations and institutional labor economics. We find that just how temps fare relative to perms hinges on the labor relations orientation of the employment relationship. Whereas unions clearly deliver for temps under adversarial conditions, they do not appear to do so where they adopt a more cooperative stance toward their employer counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An excerpt from the book "Chronos: L’Occident aux prises avec le Temps" by François Hartog is presented, which focuses upon the concept of chronos, or time, and civilization's relation to time in the Western world.

Résumé Les marchés du travail européens sont segmentés, avec des emplois flexibles mais précaires, sources d'inégalités entre les travailleurs. La flexibilité du travail à temps partiel facilite la conciliation entre travail et vie de famille et accroît le taux d'activité des femmes, mais induit de nouvelles formes d'inégalités: les auteurs montrent que les travailleurs à temps partiel sont exposés à un plus grand risque de chômage. Ils en appellent donc à prendre des mesures pour instaurer plus d'égalité entre les travailleurs à plein temps et ceux à temps partiel en ce qui concerne la stabilité de l'emploi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Si les plateformes ont donné du travail à beaucoup d'Africains, les emplois créés sont de mauvaise qualité, comme la pandémie l'a bien montré. Dans ce contexte, les auteurs examinent la situation particulière des chauffeurs VTC en Afrique en s'appuyant sur des entretiens approfondis, réalisés au Kenya, et sur les méthodes de l'ethnographie virtuelle. Ils montrent que ces travailleurs ont recours à un «régime de débrouille», associant résilience, réajustement et résistance. Pour améliorer les conditions de travail et lutter contre la précarité dans le secteur, il faut à la fois que les pouvoirs publics instaurent des cadres réglementaires et que les travailleurs se mobilisent collectivement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2000 the NLRB issued its M.B. Sturgis/Jeffboat Division ruling that expanded the opportunities for temp workers to bargain collectively with their joint employers. Relying on two years of case history where the NLRB has applied this ruling, this paper examines the scope of temp workers' representational rights vis-à-vis their user employers and the extent to which unions have moved to organize temps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intrinsically exchangeable dynamic covalent bonds that can be triggered by readily usable stimuli offer easy incorporation of their dynamic properties in various molecular systems, but the library of such bonds is still being developed. Herein, we report the dynamic covalent chemistry of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-sulfanyl (TEMPS) dimers derived from thermally reversible homolytic dissociation of disulfide linkages. High air stability of TEMPS was observed even at 100 °C, affording facile employment of thermal dissociation-association equilibria and adjustable bond exchange properties under atmospheric conditions. We also established an efficient synthetic route for a modifiable derivative of the dimer that enabled incorporation of dynamic properties into linear and network polymer structures. The obtained polymers showed controllable molecular weights, temperature-dependent swelling properties, healing ability, and recyclability, reflecting the thermally tunable dynamics of the dimer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Les auteurs analysent les répercussions de la pandémie de COVID‐19 sur l'activité et le vécu des travailleurs de plateforme en Pologne et la réaction de cette main‐d'œuvre dans ces circonstances particulières. Ils observent que les fortes fluctuations de la demande ont exacerbé les distorsions propres à une relation de travail asymétrique, non régulée et atypique et repèrent plusieurs stratégies mobilisées par les travailleurs pour y remédier, en s'appuyant sur la typologie de Hirschman (défection, prise de parole et loyauté). Le choix entre ces stratégies dépend des ressources personnelles de l'individu, des moyens institutionnels auxquels il a accès et de son système de valeurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé. En Grande-Bretagne au XIXe siècle, les premières réglementations sur le temps de travail étaient motivées par des préoccupations humanitaires concernant les femmes et les enfants travaillant dans les usines. Aux Etats-Unis, les lois sur le temps de travail ont initialement été introduites en réponse aux revendications syndicales et aux conflits sociaux. Durant le XXe siècle, les décideurs politiques ont adopté des lois réduisant le nombre d'heures de travail afin de répartir le travail disponible et résorber ainsi le chômage. Avec l'adoption de la Directive européenne sur le temps de travail, les vingt années écoulées ont reflété un mouvement vers l'intégration sociale et politique, les pressions politiques continues dans la lutte contre le chômage, et l'acceptation croissante de l'ergonomie et des méthodes d'organisation du travail comme composantes de la réglementation internationale sur la sécurité. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though we now understand how information technology (IT) influences work, we know much less about how it reshapes the actual relationship between workers and their employers. That is, to what extent do employers deploy new technologies towards the erosion of traditional employment relationships? This study relies on a cross section of British workplaces to provide statistical evidence that IT actually facilitates managers' reassignment of work once done by in‐house employees to those working instead for a staffing agency, an effect that trebles in magnitude where managers have simultaneously cut employment. Furthermore, IT differentially serves opposing business strategies. While employers electing to compete on price rather than quality are more likely to reassign work, managers enacting quality‐centred strategies are more likely to rely on IT to avert work reassignment. The findings demonstrate that new technologies may facilitate this form of externalization, but they do not unilaterally drive it. The estimates also illuminate IT's indirect impact on workers via managers' use of it as a tool for restructuring employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A la recherche du temps perdu contient de nombreux leitmotiv dont le cercle apparaît dans plusieurs contextes. Par exemple, toute heure qu'on a vécue, tout être qu'on a connu sont disposés à différents points du cercle que le temps forme autour de nous. C'est pa r l'intermédiaire de la mémoire involontaire que toute expérience est susceptible d’être rappelée dans sa plénitude. Le mot « cercle » lui-même renforce le leitmotiv. Il y a le cercle social des Verdurin décrit comme « le dernier cercle de Dante » ( Proust 1987–1989 , I, 283) 1 . Combray lui-même est aussi décrit en termes d'un cercle (I, 47). Des termes analogues apparaissent aussi. Le héros voit les deux côtés de Guermantes et de Méséglise comme deux vases tellement séparés qu'on ne peut pas les visiter le même après-midi. Les allusions aux cercles et à des termes semblables sont nombreuses au niveau génétique, surtout au début du roman, où le héros est dans un état de demi-sommeil. Par exemple, dans le cahier 3, 2e partie (I, 635) on lit « ma chambre fait un quart de cercle ». Le leitmotiv se retrouve surtout au niveau structurel. Le héros traverse une série de cercles dans sa vie dont le premier est le monde idéal de Combray, d'où il passe par le cercle de l'amour et du beau monde qui sont de plus en plus décevants. Ce sera seulement dans le cercle de l'art, et par l'aide de la mémoire involontaire, qu'il découvrira son salut. La dernière découverte, après que le héros est repassé par les autres cercles, sera le cercle intérieur qui lui fournira une nouvelle perspective sur le monde. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper re-examines the aesthetics of presenting various historical artefacts, cultural documents, and ideological narratives at three museums in the United States of America: one tied to the African-American experience, one to the Confederate States of America, and the last one to the Old West, namely the National Afro-American Museum & Cultural Center in Wilberforce, Ohio; the Museum of the Confederacy in Richmond, Virginia; and the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. All three sites are clearly representative repositories and exhibits of 'a nation's memories'. The paper asks how these fascinating exhibits activate, echo, or fabricate the myths that cast the Civil War and its aftermath during the Reconstruction as a 'second founding' of the USA in an ongoing nationalistic 'singing of the nation'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyses the ‘ordinary’ violence of revolutionary politics, particularly acts of gendered and sexual violence that tend to be neglected in the face of the ‘extraordinariness’ of political terror. Focusing on the extreme left Naxalbari movement of West Bengal, it points to those morally ambiguous ‘grey zones’ that confound the rigid distinctions between victim and victimizer in insurrectionary politics. Public and private recollections of sexual and gender-based injuries by women activists point to the complex intermeshing of different forms of violence (everyday, political, structural, symbolic) across ‘safe’ and ‘unsafe’ spaces, ‘public’ and ‘private’ worlds, and communities of trust and those of betrayal. In making sense of these memories and their largely secret or ‘untellable’ nature, the article places sexual violence on a continuum of multiple and interrelated forces that are both overt and symbolic, and include a society's ways of mourning some forms of violence and silencing others. The idea of a continuum explores the ‘greyness’ of violence as the very object of anthropological inquiry. Résumé L'article analyse la violence « ordinaire » des politiques révolutionnaires, en particulier les actes de violence sexuée et sexuelle, souvent négligées face au caractère « extraordinaire » de la terreur politique. Dans le cas précis du mouvement d'extrême-gauche Naxalbari du Bengale occidental, l'auteur pointe les « zones grises » d'ambiguïté morale où les distinctions strictes entre victimes et agresseurs se confondent dans les politiques d'insurrection. Les souvenirs, publics et privés, d'agressions sexuelles et sexuées de femmes activistes mettent en évidence les liens complexes entre différentes formes de violence (quotidienne, politique, structurelle, symbolique) dans les espaces « sûrs » et « à risques », dans le monde « public » et « privé », et les communautés de confiance et de trahison. En recherchant le sens de ces souvenirs et de leur nature en grande partie secrète ou « indicible », l'auteur situe la violence sexuelle dans un continuum de forces multiples et liées, à la fois manifestes et symboliques, qui incluent la façon dont une société déplore certaines formes de violence et en passe d'autres sous silence. L'idée d'un continuum explore le caractère « gris » de la violence comme l'objet même de l'enquête anthropologique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the mutual expectations of employment agencies, the temporary workers who are placed by them and the client or host companies with whom they are placed. It considers the ambiguities and complexities inherent in the psychological contracts of agency temps, pointing to positive dimensions of the agency relationship with temps coupled with a tough transactional regime. In periods of uncertainty agency temping provided individuals with an illusion of freedom and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An attempt has been made to justify an academic career by outlining the approximate history of the development of ideas and tracing their origins and arborization. Because there are multifarious influences and formative factors involved in their genesis it has proved almost impossible to acknowledge all the important contributors to the patchwork of investigations that are summarized. However, whilst the review is incomplete and necessarily brief, it is hoped that a glimpse of some twentieth century preoccupations with biological science is afforded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent changes in provision for children who have been excluded from school have involved the establishment of Pupil Referral Units (PRUs). This paper proposes that many of the difficulties which face both teachers and young people working in PRUs are replicating problems that have traditionally existed in segregated education. Using the views of young people who have been excluded from school and those of their teachers it notes the similarities between current provision and the ‘off-site units’ for so-called disruptive children of the 1970s and 1980s. What results, it is argued, represents an often well-meaning but hopelessly inadequate response to the needs of these children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does relative time position of two specific life events (EV) have an effect upon the reconstruction of past personal change? One hundred and sixty adults (21–38 years) are asked to produce salient events about public and private aspects of their personal life. A week later they assess the scale and direction of the changes linked with these EVs on nine dimensions of identity. Based on EV sequences, subjects are assigned to 4 groups according to the position of 2 types of events (critical EV (C) and non-critical (NC)) in 2 consecutive periods (13–18 years and 18–23 years). It gives 2 repetitive sequences (C-C, NC-NC) and 2 ordered sequences (C-NC, NC-C). It is hypothesised that the reconstruction of past event impact will be related both to past and present cognitive frames. The differences in results between 2 contrasting EVs attest the initial encoding permanence of past tonality. Differences between repetition sequences are consistent with the idea that the assimilative strength of the present cognitive reference frame is perceptible. Differences between order sequences illustrate that the present reconstruction integrates past information stored in memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Museum International (French Edition) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigated the impact of employment status (temporary/regular) on the employee–organization relationship in samples from two firms employing both temps (n = 234) and regular or core (n = 204) workers. Temps and regular workers held similar beliefs regarding the nature of their employment relationship. However, among those temps for whom temporary work was their preferred status, the employment relationship was less socioemotional and more economic than was the case for other workers. When these temps preferred regular employment, their relationships were high socioemotional and low economic, comparable with that of core workers. A employee–organization relationship high on socioemotional terms was positively related to satisfaction with the organization, an attitude which in turn mediated the relationship between employment relationship and employees' performance and civic virtue behaviors (behaviors as assessed by their supervisors). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The majority of research on organizational commitment has focused on commitment in traditional, ongoing and open-ended relationships. The commitment of employees in non-standard work arrangements such as temporary employment has been subject to much less theoretical and empirical investigation. In this study, we examine the affective and continuance commitment of temporary workers towards their agency and its determinants. We distinguish two groups of determinants: the process by which the temporary worker chose a particular agency and the support provided by the agency. The findings can be summarized as follows: (1) affective commitment among temps is generally higher than their continuance commitment; (2) having more alternative agencies to choose from (i.e., volition) does not enhance the commitment of temporary workers; (3) a public choice for a particular agency raises both types of commitment, whereas the perceived agency dependence created by the choice increases continuance, but not affective commitment; and (4) both types of commitment are positively influenced by agency supportiveness, reflected in the way the agency deals with problems, the career support it provides, and the way it keeps in close contact with its temporary workers. Finally, the results suggest that factors raising affective commitment may‘spill over’ to increase continuance commitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Methods in Ecology & Evolution is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To evaluate the use of a genus-specific PCR that combines high sensitivity with the detection of different Schistosoma species for diagnosis in international travellers and migrants in comparison to standard microscopy. Methods and results The genus-specific real-time PCR was developed to target the 28S ribosomal RNA gene of the major human Schistosoma species. It was validated for analytical specificity and reproducibility and demonstrated an analytical sensitivity of 0.2 eggs per gram of faeces. Its diagnostic performance was further evaluated on 152 faecal, 32 urine and 38 serum samples from patients presenting at the outpatient clinic of the Institute of Tropical Medicine in Antwerp (Belgium). We detected Schistosoma DNA in 76 faecal (50.0%) and five urine (15.6%) samples of which, respectively, nine and one were not detected by standard microscopy. Only two of the 38 serum samples of patients with confirmed schistosomiasis were positive with the presently developed PCR. Sequence analysis on positive faecal samples allowed identification of the Schistosoma species complex. Conclusion The real-time PCR is highly sensitive and may offer added value in diagnosing imported schistosomiasis. The genus-specific PCR can detect all schistosome species that are infectious to humans and performs very well with faeces and urine, but not in serum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

School buses are a prevalent mode of school travel that may negatively affect students’ academic performance due to numerous factors, including longer commutes. These extended travel times can introduce or exacerbate mental and physical stressors, including air pollution exposure and bullying, while reducing opportunities for health‐promoting activities like physical activity and sleep. While a few researchers have explored the effects of school bus transportation on academic achievement, the research is limited. In this study, we used data from two major Canadian cities, Toronto and Ottawa, to investigate the relationship between the proportion of students commuting by bus to and from school and the percentage meeting standards on standardized tests. We employed beta regression models to analyze performance in reading, writing, math, and literacy across Grades 3, 6, 9, and 10 while controlling for family and income variables that may influence school travel mode and student achievement. Our findings indicate a significant inverse correlation between school bus transportation and academic achievement for Grade 10 literacy. Longer commutes appear to impair academic performance, given that Grade 10 students presumably spend more time on the bus than younger students. Notably, the negative effects on literacy outcomes are greater than on math. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Methods in Ecology & Evolution is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 1995, a coalition of former rebel groups redrew Ethiopia's map, establishing an ethnic‐federal system. By 2017, internal border conflicts signalled federalism's potential unravelling. This article analyses expectations about federalism's future among Somalis in Ethiopia, drawing on anthropologies of time to understand how everyday processes of border‐making orient around the ‘future in the present’. Anthropologists and historians concerned with political time have focused largely on how the ‘past in the present’ shapes state‐building and political identity formation. Meanwhile, political scientists and commentators, as well as many Ethiopians living amid uncertainty, prognosticate about the future of identity politics in Ethiopia and attempt to discern whether decentralization is paving the way to state fragmentation. Foregrounding how people work to manage time at borders and through borderwork, this article analyses the roles borders play in people's collective constructions of political futures – and the role anticipations about the future play in people's engagement with borders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]