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The article discusses association between serum zonulin presence and severity of atopic dermatitis in children in the absence of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophil. Also included are measuring zonulin concentration by using a competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and determining relation between serum zonulin concentration and hay fever.

Abstract: Treated effluent from an electrically enhanced membrane bioreactor (eMBR) was filtered through MnO2 or TiO2 nanoporous membranes for the removal of residual heavy metals, bacteria, and biological oxygen demand (BOD). The fresh and spent membranes were characterized via energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDAX), zeta potential analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Water analysis was performed by means of UV/Vis spectrophotometry. For most contaminants, eMBR‐TiO2 showed highest removal efficiency compared to MnO2 because of the combined adhesion and photocatalytic effects of TiO2. Meanwhile, eMBR‐MnO2 provided higher removal efficiency for Fe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease ( CMT) is the most common inherited peripheral neuropathy. Mutations in the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoenzyme 3 ( PDK3) gene have been found to cause X-linked dominant CMT type 6 ( CMTX6). This study identified the p. R158H PDK3 mutation after screening 67 probable X-linked CMT families. The mutation fully segregated with the phenotype, and genotyping the family indicated the mutation arose on a different haplotype compared with the original Australian CMTX6 family. Results of bisulphite sequencing suggest that methylated deamination of a CpG dinucleotide may cause the recurrent p. R158H mutation. The frequency of the p. R158H PDK3 mutation in Koreans is very rare. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed fatty infiltration involving distal muscles in the lower extremities. In addition, fatty infiltrations were predominantly observed in the soleus muscles, with a lesser extent in tibialis anterior muscles. This differs from demyelinating CMT1A patients and is similar to axonal CMT2A patients. The clinical, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological findings from a second CMTX6 family with the p. R158H PDK3 mutation were similar to the axonal neuropathy reported in the Australian family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 54-year-old male patient who was admitted to the hospital with the complaints of inelastic skin of the neck, face and shoulder and pendulous. The patient was diagnosed with enophthalmos and entropion and has to underwent ophthalmologic surgery. Further examination of the patient revealed generalized acquired cutis laxa. The patient was suggested with cosmetic surgery as the option of the treatment.

Objectives/Hypothesis The purpose of this study was to develop a triple-layered artificial polyurethane (PU) scaffold with a wrinkled layer for reconstruction of partial tracheal defects. Study Design Animal experiment. Methods PU/Pluronic F127 solution was transformed into an asymmetrically porous PU membrane by an immersion precipitation method. The nonporous wrinkled film was prepared by a simple casting of the PU solution on a grooved mold. The triple-layered wrinkled PU scaffolds were fabricated by simple inosculating between the wrinkled film and the porous membranes as in a sandwich (porous/wrinkled/porous structure). Scaffolds were transplanted into 10 New Zealand rabbits after creating tracheal windows. Endoscopic and histological examinations and mechanical tests were performed. Results The thickness and outer pore size of the prepared triple-layered PU scaffold were ∼1.95 mm and ∼200 μm, respectively. The wrinkled PU scaffold showed better maximum flexural strength compared to the nonwrinkled scaffold (1.03 ± 0.19 vs. 0.56 ± 0.09 MPa). Eight of 10 rabbits survived through all of the examinations and procedures. Endoscopic findings revealed that respiratory mucosa was observed over the scaffold at 3 weeks, and it was an entirely covered scaffold at 6 weeks. The circular framework of the tracheal lumen was maintained in seven of 10 rabbits. Histologic findings showed that ciliated respiratory mucosa covered the surface of the scaffolds. The tensile strength of the scaffold-implanted trachea was lower than that of the normal control. Conclusions A wrinkled, triple-layered PU scaffold can be used as a ready-made scaffold for reconstruction of partial tracheal defects. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope, 124:2757-2763, 2014 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Six human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (SNU-46, -585, -899, -1066, -1076, -1214) established from Korean patients are reported.Study Design: In vitro culture of six squamous cell carcinoma cell lines derived from primary tumors of the larynx. Description of the cell line phenotypes and determination of molecular characteristics.Methods: Six laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines were cultured. The cell phenotypes, including the histopathology of the primary tumors and in vitro growth characteristics, were determined. Molecular characterization was also performed, including DNA fingerprinting analysis and abnormalities of p15, p16, p53, and TGF-betaRII genes by polymerase chain reaction-based single strand conformation polymorphism and sequencing analysis.Results: All cell lines grew as adherent cells; five lines grew as monolayers and one other line grew as stratifying colonies. All lines showed 1) high viability (75%-92%) with various doubling times (36-96 h); 2) absence of Mycoplasma and other bacteria; and 3) genetic heterogeneity by DNA profile analysis. p53 Mutations were found in three lines and p16 mutations were observed in five cell lines. TGF-betaRII mutations were found in two lines: one line had frameshift mutation and another line had a missense mutation at the kinase domain.Conclusions: These newly established and characterized laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines will be useful for investigating the biologic characteristics of laryngeal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The in vitro effects of phenylephrine solution on ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in terms of different concentrations and exposure times were investigated using a video-computerized analysis technique. Nasal epithelial cells were taken from inferior turbinate of 10 volunteers by scraping the nasal mucosa with a cytology brush. CBF was measured in five different concentrations including 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2.5%. Each specimen was incubated in different solution for 6 days and CBF was measured at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, and 6 days. CBF decreased significantly after 12-hour incubation in 0.125% phenylephrine solution and after 8-hour incubation in 0.25% phenylephrine solution, both clinically used concentrations. There were significant decreases in CBF after incubation in 0.5% phenylephrine for 2 hours, in 1% for 1 hour, and in 2.5% for 30 minutes (P < 0.05, repeated measure analysis of variance [ANOVA]). CBF of the nasal respiratory ciliated cells significantly decreased with increasing concentrations of phenylephrine solution and with increasing incubation times at the same concentration (P < 0.05, repeated measure ANOVA). The results of this study suggest that phenylephrine may inhibit ciliary beat in vitro by its pharmacological effect at lower concentrations than clinically used ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There have been limited studies of subjective tongue function over long-term follow-up in spite of swallowing and articulation disorders are common complications of glossectomy. To assess long-term subjective swallowing and articulation function after partial glossectomy. A total of 63 patients with the mobile tongue cancer who underwent partial glossectomy without reconstruction were interviewed to score their swallowing and articulation function on a 100-point scale. The relation of this subjective scoring to the perioperative data was subjected to multivariate analysis. The mean patient age was 53·4 (19-81) years, and the mean follow-up duration was 78·9 (14-277) months. Mean swallowing and articulation function score was 87·7 ± 6·1 and 88·6 ± 5·4. Age, follow-up duration, T stage and resection volume were significantly correlated with swallowing function ( P = 0·026, 0·029, 0·016, 0·002, respectively); follow-up duration was correlated with articulation function ( P = 0·039). Patients who undergo partial glossectomy without reconstruction generally demonstrate good function on long-term follow-up. Subjective dysfunction was correlated with larger resection volume, older age and shorter follow-up duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the modification of a flat gradient system to shape it like a superellipse so that the magnetic resonance imaging volume for two breasts may be accommodated. It focuses on the use of local insert gradients that are designed for a specific anatomy to obtain the required gradient performance. It explains the advantage of the superellipse gradient in terms of homogeneity and volume of imaging.

This paper examines the degree to which current prices discount historical prices in a market for state contingent claims. Conditional logit analysis is employed to predict winning probabilities, based on market prices in a betting market. These are used, together with various wagering strategies to yield substantial abnormal returns. Consequently, in contrast to the existing literature, the results suggest that the market is not weak form efficient. The disparity with previous efficiency studies highlights the importance of considering market ecology and of adopting an appropriate modelling procedure and investment strategy to fully exploit information contained in market prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Relative growth hormone (GH) deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with HIV. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships of GH to metabolic and anthropometric parameters in HIV patients and non-HIV controls. Design Peak GH and metabolic parameters were assessed in a cross-sectional study of 191 HIV patients and 62 age and BMI-matched healthy controls. Methods Peak GH was assessed by GHRH/arginine stimulation testing. Results HIV patients demonstrated similar BMI, but increased waist circumference (WC) and reduced peak GH to GHRH/arginine compared with control subjects [median = 12·4 (interquartile range: 6·3–24·8) vs. 21·3 (8·8, 34·5) μg/l, P = 0·006, HIV vs. control]. Among HIV and non-HIV groups, peak GH was inversely associated with WC (rho = −0·44, P < 0·0001; rho = −0·63, P < 0·0001; HIV patients and controls, respectively), blood pressure (rho = −0·17, P = 0·02; rho = −0·36, P = 0·004), triglycerides (rho = −0·37, P < 0·0001; rho = −0·43, P = 0·001), glucose (rho = −0·34, P < 0·0001; rho = −0·30, P = 0·02), insulin (rho = −0·43, P < 0·0001; rho = −0·60, P < 0·0001) and CRP (rho = −0·29, P < 0·0001; rho = −0·59, P < 0·0001). Among HIV patients, the inverse association between peak GH and fasting glucose remained significant (β = −0·006 mmol/l change in glucose per μg/l change in GH, P = 0·004) controlling for age, gender, race, BMI, WC, protease inhibitor (PI) and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Similarly, the inverse association between peak GH and triglycerides remained significant (β = −0·01 mmol/l change in triglycerides per μg/l change in GH, P = 0·02) controlling for age, gender, race, BMI, WC, PI and lipid-lowering medications. HIV men with peak GH < 7·5 μg/l demonstrated higher BMI, WC, SBP, triglycerides, glucose and CRP. Conclusions Reduced GH secretion is independently associated with dyslipidaemia and higher glucose, among HIV patients with abdominal fat accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The histogenesis of sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma, a rare neoplasm with bidirectional epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation, has been a matter of controversy. To clarify its origin, we analysed the status of X-chromosome inactivation in sarcomatoid urothelial carcinomas from 10 female patients and examined losses of heterozygosity (LOH) in these specimens and in additional 20 tumours from male patients. Six polymorphic microsatellite markers where genetic alterations occur frequently in early or advanced stages of urothelial carcinomas, including D3S3050, D8S261, IFNA, D9S177, D11S569 and TP53, were investigated in the current study. The identical pattern of non-random X-chromosome inactivation in both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components was identified in five of eight informative female patients, and the remaining three informative cases showed a random, but concordant, pattern of X-chromosome inactivation. The concordant X-chromosome inactivation results in all eight informative cases support the concept of a monoclonal origin of both components of this biphasic neoplasm. Among the tumours demonstrating loss of heterozygosity, high incidences of an identical pattern of allelic loss between carcinomatous and sarcomatous components were identified in genetic alterations associated with early carcinogenesis: 86% at D8S261, 78% at D11S569, 75% at D9S177 and 57% at IFNA. In contrast, concordant LOH patterns were less frequently observed for microsatellites related to advanced carcinogenesis: only 40% at D3S3050 and 40% at TP53. The significant overlap of loss of heterozygosity supports a monoclonal cell origin and suggests that clonal divergence may occur during tumour progression and differentiation. Divergent patterns of discordant allelic loss of microsatellite markers imply that heterogeneous pathogenetic pathways may exist in the evolution of this enigmatic neoplasm. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Germ cell tumours (GCTs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, which develop in the gonads as well as in extragonadal sites, that share morphological patterns and an overall good prognosis, owing to their responsiveness to current surgical, chemotherapeutic, and radiotherapeutic measures. GCTs demonstrate extremely interesting biological features because of their close relationships with normal embryonal development as demonstrated by the pluripotentiality of some undifferentiated GCT variants. The similarities between GCTs and normal germ cell development have made it possible to identify possible pathogenetic pathways in neoplastic transformation and progression of GCTs. Genotypic and immunophenotypic profiles of these tumours are also useful in establishing and narrowing the differential diagnosis in cases of suspected GCTs. Recently, OCT4 (also known as OCT3 or POU5F1), a transcription factor that has been recognized as fundamental in the maintenance of pluripotency in embryonic stem cells and primordial germ cells, has been proposed as a useful marker for GCTs that exhibit features of pluripotentiality, specifically seminoma/dysgerminoma/germinoma and embryonal carcinoma. The development of commercially available OCT4-specific antibodies suitable for immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded specimens has generated increasing numbers of reports of OCT4 expression in a wide variety of gonadal and extragonadal GCTs. OCT4 immunostaining has been shown to be a sensitive and specific marker for seminomatous/(dys)germinomatous tumours and in embryonal carcinoma variants of non-seminomatous GCTs, whether in primary gonadal or extragonadal sites or in metastatic lesions. Therefore, OCT4 immunohistochemistry is an additional helpful marker both in the differential diagnosis of specific histological subtypes of GCTs and in establishing a germ cell origin for some metastatic tumours of uncertain primary. OCT4 expression has also been reported in pre-invasive conditions such as intratubular germ cell neoplasia, unclassified (IGCNU) and the germ cell component of gonadoblastoma. Additionally, OCT4 immunostaining shows promise as a useful tool in managing patients known to be at high risk for the development of invasive GCTs. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we describe the Mobile-IT Education (MIT.EDU) system, which demonstrates the potential of using a distributed mobile device architecture for rapid prototyping of wireless mobile multi-user applications for use in classroom settings. MIT.EDU is a stable, accessible system that combines inexpensive, commodity hardware, a flexible sensor/peripheral interconnection bus, and a powerful, light-weight distributed sensing, classification, and inter-process communications software architecture to facilitate the development of distributed real-time multi-modal and context-aware applications. We demonstrate the power and functionality of this platform by describing a number of MIT.EDU application deployments in educational settings. Initial evaluations of these experiments demonstrate the potential of using the system for real-world interactive m-learning applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we describe the Mobile-IT Education (MIT.EDU) system, which demonstrates the potential of using a distributed mobile device architecture for rapid prototyping of wireless mobile multi-user applications for use in classroom settings. MIT.EDU is a stable, accessible system that combines inexpensive, commodity hardware, a flexible sensor/peripheral interconnection bus, and a powerful, light-weight distributed sensing, classification, and inter-process communications software architecture to facilitate the development of distributed real-time multi-modal and context-aware applications. We demonstrate the power and functionality of this platform by describing a number of MIT.EDU application deployments in educational settings. Initial evaluations of these experiments demonstrate the potential of using the system for real-world interactive m-learning applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives/Hypothesis Dysphonia associated with laryngeal paralysis may be identified in the short term postoperatively or may develop years after successful medialization laryngoplasty. In selected cases, laryngeal collagen injection permits further medialization of one or both vocal folds by small increments to improve phonation after medialization thyroplasty. The study seeks to determine whether collagen injections result in measurable improvements in voice quality and vocal function when offered to select patients who have received medialization thyroplasty. Study Design Retrospective review of patient charts and voice database. Methods Seven patients were treated with Zyderm II collagen using indirect mirror laryngoscopy and a curved injection apparatus. Changes in voice quality and function were assessed by comparing measures obtained before treatment (mean period, 5.6 d), shortly after treatment (mean period, 38.1 d), and in the long term after treatment (mean period, 226 d). Results Mean self-ratings of the patient, clinician's ratings, and objective measures demonstrated measurable improvement in vocal function after collagen injection. Conclusions The office-based procedure offers a simple, efficient adjunct to open techniques of medialization laryngoplasty. Techniques of anesthesia, injection, and patient selection are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report here that immediate early gene pip92 is expressed during anisomycin-induced cell death in fibroblast NIH3T3 cells. To determine the mechanism by which this occurs and to identify downstream signaling pathways, we investigated the induction of the pip92 promoter. The activation of pip92 by anisomycin is mediated by the activation of MAP kinases, such as JNK and p38 kinase, but not ERK. Deletion analysis of the pip92 promoter indicated that pip92 activation occurs primarily within the region containing a serum response element (SRE). Further analysis of the SRE using a heterologous thymidine kinase promoter showed that both an Ets and CArG-like site are required for anisomycin-induced pip92 expression. Elk1, which binds to the Ets site, was phosphorylated by the JNK- and p38-dependent pathways and the phosphorylation of Elk1–GAL4 fusion proteins by these pathways was sufficient for the transactivation. Overall, this study suggested that different MAPK pathways are involved in the expression of immediate early gene pip92 by growth factors and environmental stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An n-type polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistor (poly-Si TFT) with a bottom-gate structure using excimer laser annealing (ELA) for active matrix organic light-emitting diode displays is proposed. A problem with bottom-gate poly-Si TFTs (BGPs) using ELA, namely, the disconnection of poly-Si at the boundary of the gate metal during the ELA crystallisation, was solved by developing a novel process to control the slope of the gate metal. We realised ELA BGPs with pure-Mo gate having a thickness of more than 150 nm. The BGPs have better breakdown voltage characteristics compared with the conventional top-gate poly-Si TFTs because of its flat channel region and homogeneous electric field distribution in the gate insulator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the article "Sonographic measurement of the diameter and blood volume of umbilical vessels during mid-trimester to predict small-for-gestational age" by Y. Kim, J. Byun and D. Jeong is presented.

Objective: Objective assessment of nasal patency in patients with nasal septal deviation should be required to determine the severity of the symptoms. The purpose of this study was to compare results of nasal sound spectral analysis (NSSA) with results of 4‐phase rhinomanometry. Method: NSSA and 4‐phase rhinomanometry were performed on 53 patients with nasal septal deviation and 55 healthy subjects. Cutoffs for NSSA and 4‐phase rhinomanometry were defined by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Results: A significant difference was observed in either NSSA values or 4‐phase rhinomanometry values between the nasal deviated patients and the control group (P <. 001). A correlation was observed in patients between NSSA results of nasal intensity (dB) and its frequency (Hz) at a frequency range of 2 to 4 kHz and 4‐phase results of effective resistance and verteresistance. No significant differences in terms of sensitivity of NSSA and 4‐phase rhinomanometry (79.3% versus 75.5%), specificity (80.0% versus 85.5%) and diagnostic accuracy (79.6% versus 80.6%) were found. Conclusion: Use of NSSA and the 4‐phase rhinomanometry both for assessment of patients with nasal septal deviation provides objective information to aid in clinical decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Caffeic acids are known to have anti‐oxidant, anti‐inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and tissue reparative effects. The purposes of this study were to determine the effect of caffeic acid on transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1‐induced myofibroblast differentiation and collagen production, and to determine whether caffeic acid is involved in the antioxidant effect. Method: Nasal polyp‐derived fibroblasts (NPDFs) were pre‐treated with caffeic acid (5‐25 µM) for 2 hours and stimulated with TGF‐β1 (5 ng/mL) for 24 hours. The expression of α‐SMA, collagen types I and III, and Nox4 mRNA was determined by a reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, and the expression of α‐SMA protein was determined by immunofluorescence microscopy. The amount of total soluble collagen production was analyzed by the Sircol collagen dye‐binding assay. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by NPDFs were determined using 2′,7′‐dichlorfluorescein‐diacetate. siNox4 was used to determine the effect of Nox4. Results: The expression of α‐SMA and production of collagen were significantly increased following TGF‐β1 treatment. In contrast, the level of expression of α‐SMA and the level of production of collagen were decreased by pre‐treatment with caffeic acid. The activation of Nox4 and the subsequent production of ROS were also reduced by pre‐treatment with caffeic acid. The expression of α‐SMA was prevented by inhibition of ROS generation with siNox4. Conclusion: Caffeic acid may inhibit TGF‐β1‐induced differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and collagen production by regulating NADPH oxidase‐derived ROS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the article "Normal values of the embryo volume and yolk sac volume using three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound," by Y. Kim and colleagues is presented.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of coping design modifications on maximum first principal stress (MPS) in a mathematical zirconia ceramic crown model., Materials and Methods: For a nonlinear, 3D finite element analysis, a simplified tooth model was built on the basis of the average dimensions of mandibular second molars. Virtual tooth reduction was performed to model an abutment with a flat occlusal surface and 16° convergence angle between facing walls. The cement layer was set to a thickness of 100 μm. Three different copings-one with 0.5-mm constant thickness; one with constant thickness and extended lingual and proximal collars; and a novel design with zirconia beam reinforcement-were designed to simulate zirconia ceramic restorations. The novel design had strategically positioned zirconia beams on the lingual and marginal ridges to protect veneer ceramics, and was divided into three subdesigns according to the width of the zirconia beam (0.5, 0.8, and 1 mm). Combinations of vertical and horizontal load were applied over the distolingual marginal ridge, and the MPSs were evaluated., Results: The novel design showed the lowest MPS in veneer ceramics under most loading conditions. The only exception to this was the novel design with a 0.5-mm zirconia beam width under mesial horizontal load., Conclusions: Compared to constant thickness coping with or without extended collars, the novel coping design reduced MPS in veneer ceramics; however, narrow zirconia beams should be avoided to prevent elevations in MPS in veneer ceramic layers., (© 2014 by the American College of Prosthodontists.)

Background: Actigraphy has been widely used in adults and children for the determination of sleep and wake. However, there have been limited studies in infants and to date there have been no studies to validate the reliability of actigraphy in preterm infants., Aim: To evaluate the usefulness of actigraphy in preterm infants in a neonatal unit setting for determining sleep-wake by comparing results with those recorded from behavioural observations., Methods: Thirty-eight studies were carried out in 10 preterm infants (8M/2F) born at 29-34 weeks gestational age. Sleep-wake patterns were assessed over 24 h with behavioural observations and compared to actigraphy (Actiwatch AW64, Mini Mitter Company Inc., Sunriver, OR, USA). The studies were grouped into gestational ages 30-33 weeks (n = 8), 34-36 weeks (n = 20) and 37-40 weeks (n = 10)., Results: Overall, on the low-activity threshold we found agreement rates of 84.5-88.9% between actigraphy and behavioural scoring with the predictive value for determining sleep (PVS) being between 91.3% and 95.6% and sensitivity between 88.2% and 96.8%. However, the actiwatch was not reliable for determining wakefulness with low values for predictive value of wake (PVW,31.1-53.7%) and specificity (31.5-33.6%)., Conclusion: Actigraphy can be used as a reliable indicator of sleep patterns in preterm infants in the neonatal unit setting.

Encoded by the agp gene, Escherichia coli glucose-1-phosphatase hydrolyzes glucose-1-phosphate in the periplasmic space of the bacterium. It is a potential drug-design target because inositol phosphatases have been identified as important virulence determinants in several human and animal pathogens. The enzyme was isolated and purified to homogeneity from a strain of E. coli CU1867 (an appA-deficient mutant). Crystals were obtained overnight by the equilibrium vapour-diffusion method from a solution containing 10 mg ml(-1) enzyme, 1.2 M ammonium sulfate and 25% polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether 5000 in 0.1 M MES at pH 6.5. The crystals belong to space group R3, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 156.0, c = 92.2 A. The diffraction limit was 2.6 A at a rotating-anode X-ray source; a 2.7 A resolution data set has been collected using light mineral oil as a cryoprotectant. The data set was 95.2% complete, with an R(sym) of 0.058. There were two monomers of glucose-1-phosphatase in the asymmetric unit, which correspond to a V(M) of 2.36 A Da(-1) and 47.5% solvent content. Self-rotation analysis unambiguously shows a twofold non-crystallographic symmetry.