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Waterborne polyurethane (WPU), which is a novel and environmentally friendly variety of polyurethane, replaces organic solvents with water. It has been extensively utilized in diverse fields encompassing coatings, textile finishing, building decoration, adhesives, plastic chemistry, and others. However, WPU is inherently flammable and releases a significant amount of smoke production during the combustion process. This research presents an original fire‐resistant Waterborne Polyurethane (WPU) with a newly‐integrated flame‐retardant component comprising a triazine phosphoramidate segment derived from 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxo‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) within its primary structure. In comparison to pure WPU, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of flame‐retardant WPU (FRWPU) increased from 19.6% to 29.2%. In UL‐94 testing, the FRWPU film achieved a V‐0 rating with only 6% retarding component. Additionally, in cone calorimetry tests, Total Heat Release (THR), peak Heat Release Rate (pHRR), Total Smoke Production (TSP), Smoke Production Rate (SPR), and peak Carbon Monoxide Production Rate (pCOP) are decreased by 27.7%, 16.2%, 64.6%, 61.3%, and 77.8%, respectively. The greater degree of graphitization observed in the residual carbon substantially impeded heat exchange and the emission of smoke during combustion. Flame‐retardant intermediate segments greatly improved the FRWPUs' ability to suppress smoke and remain flame‐retardant. The creation and formulation of aqueous polyurethanes that are flame‐retardant can benefit greatly from the insights and references offered by this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum‐confined perovskite CsPbBr3 Nanoplatelets (NPLs) have recently emerged as promising blue‐emitting materials for perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). Yet, their susceptibility to optical instability in solid films under ambient conditions poses a significant hindrance. This study introduces a novel chelating strategy that utilizes metal manganese ions and multidentate ligands, markedly improving the structural stability, and emission efficiency of NPLs. The approach involves adding Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) to the perovskite precursor solution, which allows for strong coordination to surface [PbBr6]4− octahedrons via its multiple chelation sites. Ensuing metal manganese ion integration during the purification phase addresses Pb2+ and Br− site vacancies, culminating in near‐perfect octahedral structures with significantly fewer vacancies. These metal manganese ions are then further immobilized on the NPLs surface by the chelating effect of unbound DTPA functional groups. The resultant CsPbBr3 NPLs films demonstrate an impressive PLQY of 66%, showcasing remarkable air stability with consistent blue emission for up to 5 days. The CsPbBr3 NPLs‐based PeLEDs show electroluminescence at 460 nm with a current efficiency of 1.07 cd A−1 and a maximum luminance of 220 cd m−2. The proposed chelating strategy positions perovskite NPLs as an extremely promising prospect in future applications of high‐definition displays and high‐quality lighting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic reconnection, an essential mechanism in plasma physics that changes magnetic topology and energizes charged particles, plays a vital role in the dynamic processes of the Jovian magnetosphere. The traditional Vasyliūnas cycle only considers the effect of magnetic reconnection at the nightside magnetodisk. Recently, magnetic reconnection has been identified at the dayside magnetodisk in Saturn's magnetosphere and can impact dayside auroral processes. In this study, we provide the first evidence that the dayside magnetodisk reconnection can also occur at Jupiter. Using data from the Galileo and Voyager 2 spacecraft, we have identified 18 dayside reconnection events with radial distances in the range of 30–60 Jupiter radii (RJ). We analyzed the particle (electron and ion) flux, energy spectra, and characteristic energy of these dayside events and compared them to the nightside events. The statistical results show that the energy spectra and characteristic energy of electrons/ions in dayside and nightside magnetic reconnection events are comparable. On average, the characteristic energy of ions on the dayside is higher than that on the nightside. Based on the limited data set, we speculate that the occurrence rate of dayside magnetodisk reconnection should be significant. The dayside Jovian magnetodisk reconnection seems to have a comparable effect on providing energetic particles as that at nightside and to be one of the key processes driving dynamics within the Jovian magnetosphere. Plain Language Summary: Jupiter has the strongest magnetic field among the planets in our solar system. Particles in the space around Jupiter are affected by its magnetic field. Changes in the strength and structure of the local magnetic field, known as magnetic reconnection, cause those particles to undergo rapid acceleration leading to their energization. In the past, magnetic reconnection was thought to be difficult to occur on Jupiter's dayside magnetodisk. In contrast, the recent observation of reconnection at Saturn's dayside magnetodisk strongly implied the possibility of a similar process at Jupiter. In this paper, taking advantage of the archived data from the Galileo and Voyager 2 spacecraft, we provide the first evidence that the dayside magnetodisk reconnection can occur at Jupiter and have an important effect on the energization of particles. Key Points: Dayside magnetodisk reconnection events at 30–60 RJ are identified in the Jovian magnetosphere for the first time18 dayside events are analyzed to compare with nightside events regarding particle flux, energy spectra, and characteristic energyMagnetodisk reconnection at the dayside is as effective as that at the nightside in providing energetic particles to the magnetosphere [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose:We aimed to develop a free-breathing (FB) cardiacDTI (cDTI)method based on short-axis PROPELLER (SAP) andM2motion compensated spin-echo EPI (SAP-M2-EPI) to mitigate geometric distortion and eliminate aliasing in acquired diffusion-weighted (DW) images, particularly in patients with a higher body mass index (BMI). Theory and Methods: The study involved 10 healthy volunteers whose BMI values fell into specific categories: BMI <25 (4 volunteers), 25< BMI <28 (5 volunteers), and BMI >30 (1 volunteer). We compared DTI parameters, including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and helix angle transmurality (HAT), between SAP-M2-EPI and M2-ssEPI. To evaluate the performance of SAP-M2-EPI in reducing geometric distortions in the left ventricle (LV) compared to CINE and M2-ssEPI, we utilized the DICE similarity coefficient (DSC) and assessed misregistration area. Results: In all volunteers, SAP-M2-EPI yielded high-quality LV DWIs without aliasing, demonstrating significantly reduced geometric distortion (with an average DSC of 0.92 and average misregistration area of 90mm²) and diminished signal loss due to bulk motion when compared to M2-ssEPI. DTI parameter maps exhibited consistent patterns across slices withoutmotion related artifacts. Conclusion: SAP-M2-EPI facilitates free-breathing cDTI of the entire LV, effectively eliminating aliasing and minimizing geometric distortion compared to M2-ssEPI. Furthermore, it preserves accurate quantification of myocardial microstructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the high‐time‐resolution data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, precursor waves upstream of foreshock transient (FT) shocks are statistically investigated using the four‐spacecraft timing method. The wave frequencies and wave vectors determined in the plasma rest frame (PRF) are shown to follow the cold plasma dispersion relation for whistler waves. Combining with the feature of the right‐hand polarization in the PRF, the precursors are identified as whistler‐mode waves around the lower hybrid frequency. The occurrence of whistler precursors is independent of the Alfvén Mach number and the FT shock normal angle. More importantly, all the whistler precursors have group velocities pointing upstream in the shock frame, suggesting the dispersive radiation to be a possible generation mechanism. The study improves the understanding of not only the whistler precursors but also the overall FT shock dynamics. Plain Language Summary: The characteristics of the precursor waves upstream of foreshock transient (FT) shocks are determined in the plasma rest frame using the multi‐point measurements from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission with appropriate separation scales. The statistical results demonstrate for the first time that the precursors upstream of FT shocks are lower hybrid frequency whistler‐mode waves. The presence or absence of large amplitude whistler precursors does not depend on the FT shock normal angle and the Alfvén Mach number. These results have important implications on the nature of the whistler precursors and the dynamics of the FT shocks. Key Points: Precursor waves upstream of foreshock transient shocks are found to follow the whistler wave dispersion relation in the plasma rest frameThe occurrence of whistler precursors is independent of the Alfvén Mach numbers and normal angles of the foreshock transient shocksThe observed wave characteristics are consistent with that the precursors are generated through the dispersive radiation mechanism [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effects of styrene–acrylic emulsion (SAE) as a modifier and interfacial agent on the interfacial bond performance of ordinary Portland cement–aluminate cement–gypsum (PAG) repair mortar. The hydration products and interfacial microstructure are analyzed via x‐ray diffraction (XRD), x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrate that the addition of SAE can effectively enhance the tensile bond strength and flexural bond strength of the PAG repair mortar, and the optimal addition amount of SAE is 10 wt%. The tensile and flexural bond strengths of the PAG repair mortar with SAE interfacial agent at 40% concentration are 1.38 and 1.34 times than those of the mortar without the interfacial agent, respectively. XPS and FTIR analyses reveal that the carboxyl groups in SAE and Ca2+ generated from cement hydration form Ca2+–carboxyl complexes. The SEM and XRD analyses indicate that SAE can alter the distribution and size of crystals at the bond interface and considerably reduce the thickness of the bond interface; however, SAE cannot change the type of hydration products at the bond interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing number of studies have shown how feedback interactions between plants and soil can influence primary and secondary succession. However, very little is known about the patterns and mechanisms of such plant–soil feedbacks on stressed mine tailings ecosystem, which can be severely contaminated by a range of toxic elements.In a two‐phase plant–soil feedback experiment based on the rare earth element (REE) mine tailing soil, we investigated biotic (changes in bacterial and fungal communities) and abiotic (changes in chemical properties) legacies of three pioneer grass species, and examined feedback effects of three grasses, two legumes and two woody plants with different root traits.Positive plant–soil feedbacks were found in Miscanthus sinensis, Paspalum thunbergii and Tephrosia candida, and neutral feedbacks were observed in the other four plants. These effects corresponded with an increase in nutrients and total organic carbon, as well as a decrease in acidity and extractable aluminium and REEs. There were less signs of biotic changes in the conditioned tailings.The correlation analysis suggested a relationship between plants' responses to soil legacies and root traits, as well as root economics spectrum. On the mine tailings, acquisitive species with higher specific root length appeared to have greater potential for positive feedback.Synthesis and application. Our study shows that early succession on contaminated rare earth element mine tailings may lead to more positive plant–soil feedback than predicted based on results of non‐contaminated soils, mainly due to the alleviation of abiotic stress in tailings. Therefore, the improvement of specific abiotic soil stress and the trait‐based selection of acquisitive plants should be preferentially considered to promote the primary restoration of degraded land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the 3.5 GHz world interoperability for microwave access band and 5.8 GHz industrial scientific medical band, a dual‐band antenna operating in omnidirectional mode is proposed. The antenna uses a single‐layer dielectric substrate made of FR‐4, which is cheap and easy to process. It uses circular patches and metal branches to generate orthogonal electric fields to achieve circular polarization. At the same time, the upper patch is symmetrically slotted in a T shape, so that the patch produces two resonance frequencies. The measured impedance bandwidth of the antenna in circular polarization on‐body mode and linear polarization on‐body mode is 110 MHz (3.41–3.52 GHz) and 460 MHz (5.42–5.88 GHz), respectively. In addition, the antenna shows good performance under bending conditions and close to human tissue. At the same time, the low specific absorption rate value proves that the antenna is safe to wear on the human body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Short large‐amplitude magnetic structures (SLAMS) frequently appear near the bow shock. Inside steepening SLAMS, whistler‐mode waves are coherently generated at their leading edges. These waves are crucial for electron dynamics, energy conversion and magnetic reconnection near the shock. Nevertheless, the characteristics and generation of the whistler‐mode waves inside SLAMS are still unclear. In this study, we conducted a statistical analysis of whistler‐mode waves within SLAMS near the Earth's bow shock to investigate their properties and generation mechanisms. We found that these waves are mainly excited by electron temperature anisotropy with 99% of them falling below the nonlinear resonant threshold. The combination of a low background magnetic field and intense steepening at SLAMS' leading edge makes it the main source region of whistler‐mode waves and may induce the nonlinear resonance of whistler‐mode waves. Plain Language Summary: On the quasi‐parallel side of the bow shock, ultra‐low frequency waves and nonlinear structures such as shocklets and SLAMS are commonly observed, which are crucial for the particle dynamics and energy conversion near the shock. Whistler‐mode waves are coherently generated at the leading edge or Earthward side of these nonlinear structures and may subsequently evolve into the shocklets. These waves are crucial for electron dynamics, energy dissipation and energy cascade near the shock. In addition, recent studies have discovered that the propagation of whistler‐mode waves can trigger magnetic reconnection processes inside SLAMS. Nevertheless, the characteristics and generation of the whistler‐mode waves inside SLAMS are still unclear. A comprehensive understanding of whistler‐mode waves inside SLAMS is still missing. In this paper, based on statistical results, we found that most of the whistler‐mode waves are locally generated and trapped inside the SLAMS. The nonlinear resonance condition of whistler‐mode waves is only satisfied at the leading edge of SLAMS with significant steepening. Key Points: Whistler‐mode waves are locally excited and trapped inside the SLAMSMost of the whistler‐mode are excited by electron temperature anisotropy resulting from SLAMS steepeningThe significant steepening seems essential for the nonlinear resonance of whistler‐mode waves at the leading edge of SLAMS [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the solar wind throughout the inner heliosphere, observations reveal the presence of magnetic field enhancements accompanied by thin current sheets at varying distances from the sun and across different longitudes and latitudes. Two primary explanations have been proposed to elucidate these phenomena: Solar wind‐dust interaction and interlacing flux ropes. In this study, we employ multi‐fluid Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and Hall MHD models to simulate these hypotheses, respectively. Our findings indicate a concurrence between both models and the observed phenomena, suggesting that both processes may result in the same kind of enhancement. Furthermore, both models make predictions pointing to additional types of observational data, occurring at distinct spatial or temporal stages of the interaction. This convergence of model predictions with empirical data underscores the need for further observational and modeling studies to comprehensively test these models. This research enhances our knowledge of the inner heliosphere's dynamics and the influence of the solar wind on the Earth's magnetosphere, thereby shedding light on critical aspects of space weather and its potential impact on our planet. Plain Language Summary: In the vast region around the sun without any noticeable obstacles, scientists have noticed that sometimes the magnetic field gets stronger. There have been two main ideas proposed to explain why this happens: One is that ions and electrons from the sun interact with clouds of tiny dust particles, and the other proposes that two rope‐like magnetic structures collide. To investigate these two quite different explanations, we have used two different computer models to simulate the process. We find that both models reproduce what we observe. In addition, these models also predict other signatures we should be able to see during these events. These predictions suggest that either mechanism may cause the enhancement phenomenon we observe, and more investigation is needed. Such research helps us understand how the particles in the vast space around the sun and its planets operate and how these processes may affect our planet. Key Points: Two different simulation models are presented, each based on a hypothesis that aims to explain the same type of solar wind phenomenonBoth models successfully reproduce the observed phenomena qualitatively, calling for additional researchOur models predict distinctive additional observation patterns, offering further ways of investigation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ion doping is an effective strategy for achieving high‐performance flexible Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells by defect regulations. Here, a Li&Na co‐doped strategy is applied to synergistically regulate defects in CZTSSe bulks. The quality absorbers with the uniformly distributed Li and Na elements are obtained using the solution method, where the acetates (LiAc and NaAc) are as additives. The concentration of the harmful CuZn anti‐site defects is decreased by 8.13% after Li incorporation, and that of the benign NaZn defects is increased by 36.91% after Na incorporation. Synergistic Li&Na co‐doping enhances the carrier concentration and reduces the interfacial defects concentration by one order of magnitude. As a result, the flexible CZTSSe solar cell achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.53% with certified 10.12%. Because of the high PCE and the homogeneous property, the Li&Na co‐doped device is fabricated to a large area (2.38 cm2) and obtains 9.41% PCE. The co‐doping investigation to synergistically regulate defects provides a new perspective for efficient flexible CZTSSe solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melt blending is considered a significant method to develop antibacterial textile materials. However, it is still challenging to the homogeneous dispersion and efficient antibacterial activity of inorganic nanoparticles in polymer fibers. In this work, ZnO/Ag@SiO2 inorganic nanohybrid antibacterial agents were prepared by the direct precipitation method. The prepared antibacterial material had efficient antibacterial and thermal stability properties. Specifically, the decomposition temperature of the ZnO/Ag@SiO2 was higher than 400°C, which was appropriate for melting polymers at high temperatures. Here, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was used as a fiber matrix, and PET/ZnO/Ag@SiO2 fibers were prepared by melt spinning technology. The results showed that the antibacterial material was well dispersed in the PET matrix, and the crystallization was promoted during the cooling process. The modified PET fibers presented better antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), with a maximum antibacterial rate of 99.9%. Additionally, the modified PET fibers provide superior laundering durability, with an antibacterial rate of 95.7% for S. aureus and 94.8% for E. coli after 50 washes. This work offers a novel approach to preparing thermotolerant and efficient antibacterial agents and antibacterial‐modified PET fibers. Highlights: ZnO/Ag@SiO2 nanohybrid antibacterial agents were prepared.High temperature resistant and highly antibacterial material.The particles dispersed uniformly in PET matrix.Excellent antibacterial and laundering properties of the fiber [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma (EIMS) is an aggressive subtype of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour which rarely affects the chest cavity. We, for the first time, report a case of mediastinal EIMS with the EML4-ALK fusion. A young woman presented to our hospital with cough, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Computed tomography (CT) showed a mixed attenuation soft-tissue mass in the right middle and upper mediastinum. Negative results were obtained from bronchoscopy forceps biopsy and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial fine needle aspiration. CT-guided percutaneous biopsy was finally performed. However, due to the rapidly progressed EIMS that compressed the trachea and right main bronchus, the patient died of respiratory failure 1 day before diagnosis. EIMS progresses rapidly, and an early diagnosis is important. For mediastinal EIMS, CT-guided percutaneous biopsy may be useful. Next-generation sequencing of blood may be instructive to EIMS patients who are intolerant to invasive biopsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practical application of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) cathodes at high voltages is hindered by the instability of the surface structure and side reactions with the electrolyte. Herein, we prepared a multifunctional hierarchical core@double‐shell structured LiCoO2 (MS‐LCO) cathode material using a scalable sol–gel method. The MS‐LCO cathode material comprised an outer shell with fast lithium‐ion conductivity, a La/Zr co‐doped inner shell, and a bulk LiCoO2 core. The outermost shell prevented direct contact between the electrolyte and LiCoO2 core, which alleviated the electrolyte decomposition and loss of active cobalt, while the La/Zr co‐doped shell improved the structural stability at higher voltages in a half‐cell with a liquid electrolyte. The MS‐LCO cathode exhibited a stable capacity of 163.1 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 0.5 C, and a high specific capacity of 166.8 mAh g−1 at 2 C. In addition, a solid lithium battery with the surface‐passivated MS‐LCO cathode and a polyethylene oxide (PEO)‐based inorganic/organic composite electrolyte retained 85.8 % of its initial discharge capacity after 150 cycles at a charging cutoff voltage of 4.3 V. Thus, the introduction of a surface‐passivating shell can effectively suppress the decomposition of PEO caused by highly reactive oxygen species in LiCoO2 at high voltages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the electron dynamics and generation of whistler‐mode waves inside a short large‐amplitude magnetic structure (SLAMS) based on Magnetospheric Multiscale Satellite observations and test particle simulations. The buildup of energetic reflected ions caused by the SLAMS's intense magnetic fields favors the resonance condition of solar wind ions of ion‐ion non‐resonant mode. This might further steepen the SLAMS, leading to the Betatron acceleration of electrons and generating the whistler‐mode waves locally ahead of the peak of the magnetic field. In regions behind the peaked magnetic field, electrons are decelerated by the convection electric field during gradient drift and the whistler‐mode waves are rapidly decayed. Our study provides new insights into electron acceleration and the generation of whistler‐mode waves near the quasi‐parallel shock. Plain Language Summary: On the quasi‐parallel side of the bow shock, ultra‐low frequency waves and nonlinear structures such as shocklet and short large‐amplitude magnetic structure (SLAMS) are commonly observed, which are powered by energetic reflected ions and form in different stages during steepening. Solar wind ions are heated significantly inside these nonlinear structures. However, what role electrons played inside these structures is full of mystery. Recent numerical simulations reveal that electron dynamics and whistler‐mode waves inside these structures are responsible for triggering bow shock reconnection on the quasi‐parallel side. In this paper, we focus on electron distributions and acceleration inside SLAMS. Electrons are accelerated/decelerated in regions prior to/after the peaked magnetic field, exciting/decaying whistler‐mode waves locally which well‐regulated the electron distribution. Our work reveals the electron dynamics inside the SLAMS and provides new insights into plasma heating and acceleration near the quasi‐parallel shock. Key Points: Whistler‐mode waves are locally generated through the first‐order resonance of the electrons inside the short large‐amplitude magnetic structure (SLAMS)SLAMS steepening primarily impacts electron acceleration and whistler‐mode wave generationElectron deceleration by the v × B electric field during gradient drift leads to whistler‐mode wave decay at the trailing edge of SLAMS [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ni‐rich cathode materials are considered promising candidates for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries because of their high energy density and low cost. However, interphase failure at the surface of Ni‐rich cathodes negatively impacts cycling performance, making it challenging to meet the requirements of long‐term applications. In this study, a strategy is developed to improve interphase properties through introduction of a nucleophilic reaction‐based additive, using an appropriate amount of the inducer lithium isopropoxide (LIP) in the commercial electrolyte to achieve long‐term cycling stability of Li||LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2 (NCM83) cells. This strategy enables Li||NCM83 cells to maintain a capacity of 148.7 mAh g−1 with a retention of 83.3 % even after 500 cycles. This outstanding cycling stability is attributed to a robust cathode‐electrolyte interphase (CEI) constructed on NCM83 surface LIP‐induce ring‐opening polymerization of ethylene carbonate (EC). As a result, the organic‐inorganic components of the CEI effectively constrain gas evolution and the corresponding phase transformation behavior. Furthermore, the CEI also suppresses microcrack formation and eventually sustains the Ni valence and coordination environment at high voltage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly(1,2‐dithiolane)s are a family of intrinsically recyclable polymers due to their dynamic covalent disulfide linkages. Despite the common use of thiolate‐initiated anionic ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) under basic condition, cationic ROP is still not exploited. Here we report that disulfide bond can act as a proton acceptor, being protonated by acids to form sulfonium cations, which can efficiently initiate the ROP of 1,2‐dithiolanes and result in high‐molecular‐weight (over 1000 kDa) poly(disulfide)s. The reaction can be triggered by adding catalytic amounts of acids and non‐coordinating anion salts, and completed in few minutes at room temperature. The acidic conditions allow the applicability for acidic monomers. Importantly, the reaction condition can be under open air without inert protection, enabling the nearly quantitative chemical recycling from bulk materials to original monomers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subduction‐related dehydration and exhumation‐related rehydration play an important role in water recycling on Earth. Water can be transported to the deep mantle through crustal subduction, whereas the behavior of water in the subducted crust during exhumation remains enigmatic. Here, we use an integrated micro X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry, transmission terahertz time‐domain, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry approach for the first time on high‐pressure mafic granulite and amphibolite to investigate the water species and contents, as well as exhumation rehydration reactions. Our study demonstrates that garnet, hornblende, and ilmenite contain considerable amounts, and plagioclase contains minor amounts of water as molecular and structural species, whereas quartz contains only a minor amount of structural water. Water released from garnet and external fluids from the grain boundary will either migrate into hornblende, plagioclase, ilmenite, and quartz, or stored in the mantle wedge, or further subducted into the deep mantle. We suggest that water recycling between the Earth's surface and deep mantle is an unequilibrium process, and the lower crust and mantle may store a significant amount of water in deep Earth and can function as a container to feed and maintain the water recycling balance. Plain Language Summary: High‐pressure mafic granulites, representing rocks that underwent granulite facies metamorphism under high temperatures and pressures, are potential proxies to examine water recycling between Earth's surface and deep mantle layers through subduction zone channels. During metamorphism, water can be transported into the deep mantle via subduction‐related dehydration and returned to the surface through exhumation‐related rehydration processes, resulting in the formation of anhydrous and hydrous minerals in high‐pressure mafic granulites and amphibolites. The high‐pressure mafic granulite and amphibolite from the northern margin of the North China Block experienced the subduction of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean and the exhumation process of the subducted crust. In this study, we investigate the water species and content changes among the anhydrous and hydrous minerals, as well as whole‐rock during the exhumation process. We find that anhydrous mineral can store a considerable amount of water and release it into the hydrous minerals through rehydration reaction during exhumation. We propose that high‐pressure mafic granulite performing as a water carrier is able to transport significant amounts of water from deep mantle to the Earth's surface. Our study provides new insights for retrieving water recycling information in the deep Earth. Key Points: Hornblende, garnet, and ilmenite can store significant amounts of water, but only minor amounts in plagioclase and quartzHigh‐pressure granulite may be an important water carrier and is able to facilitate water recycling in deep EarthTransmission terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy offers a novel approach for water species and content detection in natural rocks [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The transtibial pull‐out repair (TP) is a relatively new method for treating meniscal root tear; however, the clinical evaluation of its healing effect remains controversial. Due to ethical constraints and limitations of imaging techniques in humans, here we dynamically observe the healing effects of TP and TP with platelet‐rich plasma gel (PRG) at the histological level using an animal model. Methods: Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and PRG of rabbits were prepared. Platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) levels in PRP and PRG were determined using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. A rabbit model of anterior horn tear of the medial meniscus and TP surgery were created. PRG was injected between the anterior horn of the medial meniscus and the tibial tunnel. Rabbits were divided into three groups: the anterior horn tear group (Tear group), the anterior horn tear + TP group (TP group), and the anterior horn tear + TP + PRG group (TP + PRG group). The healing effect was observed dynamically using histopathological studies and biomechanical experiments. Results: The platelet content in PRP significantly increased to approximately 4.57 times that of whole blood. PDGF and TGF‐β1 concentrations in PRG increased to 2.46 and 4.15 times those in PRP, respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson staining showed that the number of inflammatory cells in healing tissue decreased and the collagen fibers significantly increased in TP and TP + PRG groups at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively compared to those in Tear group. Neatly arranged, interlaced, and dense collagen fibers were found between the anterior horn and bone at 12 weeks. H&E and toluidine blue staining showed that the injury to the femoral condyle cartilage was alleviated. The healing performance in TP + PRG group was better and faster than that in TP group. The maximum tensile fracture strength of the meniscus progressively increased at 8 and 12 weeks postoperatively. Conclusions: Anterior horn injury of the medial meniscus in rabbits can be repaired using the TP technique, and the addition of autologous PRG to the bone tunnel promotes early healing of the meniscus and bone postoperatively. Meanwhile, both treatments can reduce the secondary damage to the cartilage due to osteoarthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enabling dynamically tunable emissive systems offers opportunities for constructing smart materials. Clusteroluminescence, as unconventional luminescence, has attracted increasing attention in both fundamental and applied sciences. Herein, we report a supramolecular poly(disulfides) network with tunable clusteroluminescence. The reticular H‐bonds synergize the rigidity and mobility of dynamic networks, and endow the resulting materials with mechanical adaptivity and robustness, simultaneously enabling efficient clusteroluminescence and phosphorescence at 77 K. Orthogonally tunable luminescence are achieved in two manners, i.e. slow backbone disulfide exchange and fast side‐chain metal coordination. Further exploration of the reprocessability and chemical closed‐loop recycling of intrinsic dynamic networks for sustainable materials is feasible. We foresee that the synergistic strategy of dynamic chemistry offers a novel pathway and potential opportunities for smart emissive materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The direct acetoxylation of substituted benzylamines has been accomplished through methoxyiminoacyl (MIA)‐mediated Pd‐catalyzed C−H functionalization. A diverse array of phenylalanine substrates is amenable to this protocol, providing acetoxylation benzylamine derivatives with good to high efficiency. Computational results revealed that HOAc enhanced the stability of Pd−O bond, which obviously accelerate the reductive elimination step of the acetoxylation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gremlin has been reported to regulate inflammation and osteogenesis. Periodontitis is a destructive disease degenerating periodontal tissues, therefore leads to alveolar bone resorption and tooth loss. Based on the importance of Gremlin's bio-activity, the aim of this study is to, in vivo and in vitro, unveil the function of Gremlin in regulating the development of periodontitis and its consequent effects on alveolar bone loss.Methods: Clinical specimens were used to determine the expression of Gremlin in periodontal tissues by immunohistochemical staining and western blot. Then utilizing the rat periodontitis model to investigate the function of gremlin-regulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway during the development of periodontal inflammation and the alveolar bone loss. Last, the regulation of the osteogenesis of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) by Gremlin under inflamed condition was analyzed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red staining (ARS).Results: We found clinically and experimentally that the expression of Gremlin is markedly increased in periodontitis tissues. Interestingly, we revealed that Gremlin regulated the progress of periodontitis via regulating the activities of NF-κB pathway and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Notably, we observed that Gremlin influenced the osteogenesis of hPDLSCs. Thus, our present study identified Gremlin as a new key regulator for development of periodontitis.Conclusions: Our current study illustrated that Gremlin acts as a crucial mediator and possibly serves as a potential diagnostic marker for periodontitis. Discovery of new factors involved in the pathophysiology of periodontitis could contribute to the development of novel therapeutic treatment for the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Benign prostatic hyperplasia affects elderly males, with progression presenting the risk of urinary complications and eventual surgical intervention. We aimed to evaluate the effects of Chinese herbal medicine in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed claims data in Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database from 2001 to 2013. A total of 4142 patients newly diagnosed as benign prostatic hyperplasia were enrolled and divided into cohorts of Chinese herbal medicine users and nonusers by performing 1:1 propensity score matching. The risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia‐related complications was assessed by the Cox proportional hazard model. The cumulative incidence of benign prostatic hyperplasia‐related surgeries was assessed by Kaplan–Meier method. Results: During the study period, the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia‐related complications was lower in the Chinese herbal medicine cohort than non‐Chinese herbal medicine cohort with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.73–0.92) after controlling for multiple variables. Subgroup analysis revealed that Chinese herbal medicine users had a significantly lower risk of urinary tract infection (adjusted hazard ratio 0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.50–0.89) and urinary retention (adjusted hazard ratio 0.83, 95% confidence interval 0.72–0.97). In addition, Chinese herbal medicine users also had a lower incidence rate of benign prostatic hyperplasia‐related surgery (32.14 vs 40.20, adjusted hazard ratio 0.74, 95% confidence interval 0.61–0.89) and a longer surgery‐free interval than non‐Chinese herbal medicine users (3.98 vs 3.00 mean person‐year, P < 0.001). Data revealed Salviae miltiorrhizae and Ji‐Sheng‐Shen‐Qi‐Wan as the most commonly prescribed Chinese herbal medicine by traditional Chinese medicine practitioners. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that Chinese herbal medicine might have effects in the benign prostatic hyperplasia‐related complications and surgeries in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead‐based halide perovskite nanomaterials with excellent optical properties have aroused great attention in the fields of solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, lasing, X‐ray imaging, etc. However, the toxicity of lead prompts researchers to develop alternatives to cut down the usage of lead. Herein, all‐inorganic manganese‐based perovskite derivatives, CsMnCl3 nanocrystals (NCs), with uniform size and morphology have been synthesized successfully via a modified hot‐injection method. These NCs have a direct bandgap of 4.08 eV and a broadband emission centered at 660 nm. Through introducing modicum lead (1%) into the CsMnCl3 NCs, the photoluminescence intensity greatly improves, and the quantum yield (PLQY) increases from 0.7% to 21%. Furthermore, the CsMnCl3:1%Pb NCs feature high‐efficiency of X‐ray absorption and radioluminescence, which make these NCs promising candidates for X‐ray imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The safety issue of lithium‐ion batteries is a crucial factor limiting their large‐scale application. Therefore, it is of practical significance to evaluate the impact of their overcharge behavior because of the severe levels of oxygen release of cathode materials during this process. Herein, by combining a variety of in situ techniques of spectroscopy and electron microscopy, this work studies the structural degradation of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) accompanying the oxygen release in the overcharge process. It is observed that a small amount of O2 evolves from the initial surface at ≈4.7 V. When charging to a higher voltage (≈5.5 V), a large amount of O2 evolves on the newly formed surface due to the occurrence of microcracks. Based on experimental results and theoretical calculations, it is determined that the oxygen release mainly occurs in the near‐surface regions, where the remaining oxygen vacancies accumulate to create voids. To suppress the oxygen release, single‐crystalline NCM811 with integrated structure is introduced and serves as a cathode, which can effectively inhibit morphology destruction and reduce the activation of lattice oxygen in the surface region. These findings provide a theoretical basis and effective strategy for improving the safety performance of Ni‐rich cathode materials in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ternary complex system of Portland cement, aluminate cement, gypsum is suitable for the repair and strengthening of concrete structures due to its excellent characteristics, such as fast hardening, early strength, micro‐expansion, and so on. However, the application of this ternary complex was limited by the problems of low toughness and strength degradation in the late curing period. Therefore, it is meaningful to study the effects of different curing conditions on repairing materials in concrete engineering. In this paper, the actual repair environment was simulated, and the effects of different curing temperature and humidity on performances of ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVA) modified ternary complex were researched. The initial and final setting time of ternary complex increases with the increase of EVA content. And under different curing temperature and humidity, the addition of EVA improved the toughness of the ternary complex and reduced the water absorption, EVA can effectively prevent the late strength decrease of ternary complex caused by high curing temperature. Under the curing conditions of 40 and 60°C, the addition of EVA greatly improved the flexural strength and toughness of the ternary complex, low temperature environment is not suitable for EVA‐modified ternary complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To analyze the effect of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) on colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with lung oligoprogression (OP). Method: Patients with lung OP from CRC treated by SBRT at our center were included in this retrospective analysis. The progression‐free survival (PFS), change of systemic therapy (CST), local control (LC), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Cumulative incidence was used to report CST, and the Kaplan‐Meier method was used to evaluate PFS and LC. Results: A total of 17 patients with 38 lung OP lesions treated by SBRT from October 2012 to December 2018 were involved. All patients had undergone radical resection for primary CRC and administered with standard systemic therapy regimens (seven for the first line and 10 for the second line). Among them, nine (52.9%) had received targeted therapy before SBRT, 14 (82.4%) patients underwent chemotherapy, and 12 received targeted therapy after SBRT. Six patients (35.3%) underwent CST after a median time of 5.2 months (range: 1.7‐27.5 months). The median follow‐up was 9.9 months, and the 1‐year OS rate for all patients was 73.5%. Progression was observed in of 14 of 17 patients (82.4%), and the 6‐month PFS for all patients was 25.9%. Univariate analysis indicated that only targeted therapy before SBRT was a beneficial prognostic indicator for 6‐month PFS (P =.026) and N‐PFS (P =.013). The 1‐year LC for all 38 lesions was 77.8%, and during and after SBRT, no grade 3 or higher toxicities were observed. Conclusion: SBRT combined with systemic therapy made partial CRC patients with lung OP avoid the progress within 6 months and delayed the need for CST to 5.2 months, and targeted therapy before SBRT was a positive indicator of PFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organism‐inspired hollow structures are attracting increasing interest for the construction of various bionic functional hollow materials. Next‐generation self‐evolution hollow materials tend to combine simple synthesis, high mechanical strength, and regular shape. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel dry‐network polythiourethane thermoset with excellent mechanical performance. The polymer film could evolve into a neat and well‐organized object with a macroscopic hollow interior structure after being immersed in an aqueous NaOH solution. The self‐evolution hollow structure originated from a hydrogen‐bonded polymer network, which was later transformed into a network bearing both hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds. The swelling and thickness growth of this material could be controlled by the NaOH concentration and the immersion time. This unique self‐evolution behavior was further utilized to produce a series of macroscopic 3D hollow‐containing molds, which could be potentially applied in the production of smart materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we describe an energy balance strategy between fluorescence and photoacoustic effects by sulfur substitution to transform existing hemicyanine dyes (Cy) into optimized NIRF/PA dual ratiometric scaffolds. Based on this optimized scaffold, we reported the first dual‐ratio response of nitroreductase probe AS‐Cy‐NO2, which allows quantitative visualization of tumor hypoxia in vivo. AS‐Cy‐NO2, composed of a new NIRF/PA scaffold thioxanthene‐hemicyanine (AS‐Cy‐1) and a 4‐nitrobenzene moiety, showed a 10‐fold ratiometric NIRF enhancement (I773/I733) and 2.4‐fold ratiometric PA enhancement (PA730/PA670) upon activation by a biomarker (nitroreductase, NTR) associated with tumor hypoxia. Moreover, the dual ratiometric NIRF/PA imaging accurately quantified the hypoxia extent with high sensitivity and high imaging depth in xenograft breast cancer models. More importantly, the 3D maximal intensity projection (MIP) PA images of the probe can precisely differentiate the highly heterogeneous oxygen distribution in solid tumor. Thus, this study provides a promising NIRF/PA scaffold that may be generalized for the dual ratiometric imaging of other disease‐relevant biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The patients were randomly tested with one or two or three combined tests, including CT, vHIT and high stimulus rate ABR. Keywords: vestibular migraine; caloric test; video head impulse test; auditory brainstem response EN vestibular migraine caloric test video head impulse test auditory brainstem response 224 227 4 12/27/21 20220101 NES 220101 Key Points We retrospectively analysed the value of vestibular function tests combined with high stimulus rate auditory brainstem response in vestibular migraine. (blue: vHIT, red: CT, yellow: high stimulus rate ABR) gl Caloric test (CT) The patient was supine at 30° on the bed during the tests. [Extracted from the article]

One of the most important problems of magnetotail dynamics is the substorm onset and the related instability of the magneotail current sheet. Since the simplest 2D current sheet configuration with monotonic Bz was proven to be stable to the tearing mode, the focus of the instability investigation moved to more specific configurations, for example, kinetic current sheets with strong transient ion currents and current sheets with non‐monotonic Bz (local Bz minima or/and peaks). The stability of the latter current sheet configuration has been studied both within kinetic and fluid approaches, whereas the investigation of the transient ion effects was limited to kinetic models only. This paper aims to provide a detailed analysis of the stability of a multi‐fluid current sheet configuration that mimics current sheets with transient ions. Using the system with two field‐aligned ion flows that mimic the effect of pressure non‐gyrotropy, we construct a 1D current sheet with a finite Bz. This model describes well recent findings of very thin intense magnetotail current sheets. The stability analysis of this two‐ion model confirms the stabilizing effect of finite Bz and shows that the most stable current sheet is the one with exactly counter‐streaming ion flows and zero net flow. Such field‐aligned flows may substitute the contribution of the pressure tensor nongyrotropy to the stress balance but cannot overtake the stabilizing effect of Bz. Obtained results are discussed in the context of magnetotail dynamical models and spacecraft observations. Key Points: 1D magnetotail current sheet model with a finite Bz and plasma flows is developedStrong stabilizing effect of Bz is confirmed for current sheets with field aligned flowField‐aligned plasma flows cannot overtake the Bz stabilizing effect [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limited cycling stability hampers the commercial application of Ni-rich materials, which are regarded as one of the most promising cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. Ni-rich LiNi0.9Co0.06Mn0.04O2 layered cathode was modified with different amounts of LiTaO3, and the influences of fast-ion conductor material on cathode materials were explored. Detailed analysis of the materials revealed the formation of a uniformly epitaxial LiTaO3 coating layer and a little Ta5+ doping into the lattice structure of Ni-rich materials. The coating-layer thickness increased with the amount of LiTaO3 added, protecting the electrode from erosion by electrolyte and suppressing undesired parasitic reactions on the cathode-electrolyte interface. Meanwhile, the doped Ta5+ increased the interplanar spacing of materials, accelerating Li+ transfer. Using the positive synergistic effects of LiTaO3-coating and Ta5+-doping, improved capacity retentions of the modified materials, especially for 0.25 and 0.5 wt%-coated Ni-rich materials, were obtained after longterm cycling, showing the potential applications of LiTaO3 modification. Further, the relations between one excessively thick coating layer and transfer of Li+/electron between the cathode and electrolyte was established, proving that very thick coating layers, even layers containing Li ions, have adverse effects on electrochemical performances. This finding may help to understand the roles of the coating layer better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrolyte additive plays an important role in determining the crucial properties of batteries such as cycling stability and safety. Compared to material development, research on electrolyte and interphase is still in the early stage for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, for the first time, succinic anhydride (SA) is investigated as a synergistic filming additive to fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), and the lifespan of the dual‐additive Na/Na0.6Li0.15Ni0.15Mn0.55Cu0.15O2 (NLNMC) cell is significantly improved, maintaining capacity retention of 87.2% over 400 cycles at 1 C rate. For comparison, the batteries with only one of the two additives or without any additive show much inferior electrochemical performance. After the addition of SA, the interphase layer on the surface of cycled NLNMC material becomes uniform and stable, which contains more oxygen‐rich organic species and less NaF. Additionally, the addition of SA also has an impact on the interphase layer in the sodium anode part as indicated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) results. Moreover, the online differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (OEMS) tests show the dual‐additive cell has less CO2 generation during the initial two cycles compared to that with only FECs which demonstrates another advantage of SA for practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can compete with endogenous RNAs to modulate the gene expression and contribute to oncogenesis and tumor metastasis. lncRNA NKX2‐1‐AS1 (NKX2‐1 antisense RNA 1) plays a pivotal role in cancer progression and metastasis; however, the contribution of aberrant expression of NKX2‐1‐AS1 and the mechanism by which it functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in gastric cancer (GC) remains elusive. NKX2‐1‐AS1 expression was detected in paired tumor and nontumor tissues of 178 GC patients by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR). Using loss‐of‐function and gain‐of‐function experiments, the biological functions of NKX2‐1‐AS1 were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Further, to assess that NKX2‐1‐AS1 regulates angiogenic processes, tube formation and co‐culture assays were performed. RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay, a dual‐luciferase reporter assay, quantitative PCR, Western blot, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays were performed to determine the potential molecular mechanism underlying this ceRNA. The results indicated that NKX2‐1‐AS1 expression was upregulated in GC cell lines and tumor tissues. Overexpression of NKX2‐1‐AS1 was significantly associated with tumor progression and enhanced angiogenesis. Functionally, NKX2‐1‐AS1 overexpression promoted GC cell proliferation, metastasis, invasion, and angiogenesis, while NKX2‐1‐AS1 knockdown restored these effects, both in vitro and in vivo. RIP and dual‐luciferase assays revealed that the microRNA miR‐145‐5p is a direct target of NKX2‐1‐AS1 and that NKX2‐1‐AS1 serves as a ceRNA to sponge miRNA and regulate angiogenesis in GC. Moreover, serpin family E member 1 (SERPINE1) is an explicit target for miR‐145‐5p; besides, the NKX2‐1‐AS1/miR‐145‐5p axis induces the translation of SERPINE1, thus activating the VEGFR‐2 signaling pathway to promote tumor progression and angiogenesis. NKX2‐1‐AS1 overexpression is associated with enhanced tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and poor prognosis in GC. Collectively, NKX2‐1‐AS1 functions as a ceRNA to miR‐145‐5p and promotes tumor progression and angiogenesis by activating the VEGFR‐2 signaling pathway via SERPINE1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigate ionospheric responses, including currents and aurorae, to solar wind dynamic pressure (SW Pdyn) sudden increases, which are critical for understanding solar windmagnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. We focus on two similar SW Pdyn pulse events that occurred on January 24, 2012 and November 12, 2010. In both cases, equivalent ionospheric currents (EIC) vortices were generated within about 10 min after the pressure pulse arrival, with a counter-clockwise rotating vortex (viewed from above) observed on the dusk side in the former case, and a clockwise vortex observed on the dawn side in the latter. Simultaneous ground-based All-Sky Imager (ASI) observations in the vicinity of the observed EIC vortex in each case showed that aurorae intensified on the dusk side and diminished on the dawn side. These observations provide direct evidence of the scenario proposed by Shi et al. (2014) that magnetospheric flow vortices generated by a solar wind pressure pulse carry fieldaligned currents into the ionosphere and thereby modulate auroral activity. The dawn/dusk asymmetry in the auroral intensification is a direct result of the opposite sense of vortex rotation on the dawn and dusk sides, which generate oppositely directed field-aligned currents into/out of the ionosphere [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the characteristics of turbine wake which is the major factor determining the turbulence in wind farm and overall wind farm performance. Using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and the large eddy simulation (LES) approach, dynamic simulations of detailed fluid flow and wake trajectory induced by the MEXICO wind turbine were carried out. Moreover, with the help of adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) method, the lattice units were allowed to be automatically refined to allocate more grid points on the solid walls and in the wake region. The simulation results were firstly compared with the experimental data for validation of the numerical model, as well as for investigation of the impact of sub‐grid scale (SGS) turbulence models. Within the present modeling framework, the characteristics of transient wake propagation, detailed flow field, and rotor‐tower interaction were investigated, and the effect of tip‐speed ratio was also analyzed. The present work indicates that, with a suitable SGS turbulence model, the LBM‐LES method is an effective way for dynamic simulations of wake structures induced by a wind turbine with a rotating rotor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the association between erectile dysfunction and fibromyalgia, and to clarify related comorbidities and treatment modalities. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was carried out using 1 million records in the National Health Insurance Research Database. From 2001 to 2012, a total of 53 678 male patients newly diagnosed with fibromyalgia were recruited as the fibromyalgia cohort, and the same number of the non‐fibromyalgia cohort was enrolled and matched with propensity score with age, income, comorbidities, and prescribed medications. All records were followed up until the end of 2013. The Cox proportional hazards model was carried out to assess the risk of erectile dysfunction among fibromyalgia patients. Results: The incidence rates of erectile dysfunction were 36.86 and 21.15 (per 10 000 person‐years) in the fibromyalgia and non‐fibromyalgia cohorts, respectively, and a significantly increased risk of erectile dysfunction in fibromyalgia patients was noted (adjusted hazard ratio 1.69, 95% confidence interval 1.55–1.85, P < 0.001). The Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed increased risk of erectile dysfunction in the fibromyalgia cohort regardless of treatment prescriptions of tramadol, antidepressants, gabapentin and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. Conclusions: Fibromyalgia was found to be an independent risk factor for the incidence of erectile dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing high‐performance adhesive materials not only aims at industrial and social requirements but also bears the fundamental importance of understanding the chemical factors of biological adhesion to develop biomimetic adhesive materials. Owing to the wide development of supramolecular chemistry, numerous supramolecular tools are exploited and proved to be reliable in the replacement of traditional covalent materials by reversible noncovalent or dynamic covalent materials. Taking advantage of these ready‐to‐use supramolecular toolboxes, supramolecular adhesive materials are rising and promising toward "smart" adhesives, that is, enabling responsiveness, reversibility, and recyclability. Compared with polymeric adhesive materials, low‐molecular‐weight adhesives feature chemically precise structure, easier engineering by molecular design, and hence higher reproducibility. However, it remains highly challenging to make high‐performance adhesive materials by low‐molecular‐weight feedstocks. This review will focus on the recent advancement in the construction of supramolecular adhesive materials by small‐molecule self‐assembly. The design guidelines and consideration on the molecular scale will be discussed and summarized on how to enhance the strength of adhesives. Meanwhile, owing to the dynamic nature of supramolecular self‐assembly, several "smart" functions of such materials will be presented, such as stimuli–responsiveness and adaptiveness. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives of this emerging field will be proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared its assessment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) as a global pandemic. However, specific anti‐severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) drugs are still under development, and patients are managed by multiple complementary treatments. We performed a retrospective analysis to compare and evaluate the effect of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) treatment on disease progression. For this purpose, the clinical records and laboratory indicators were extracted from electronic medical records of 42 patients with COVID‐19 (21 of whom were treated with LMWH, and 21 without LMWH) hospitalized (Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology) from February 1 to March 15, 2020. Changes in the percentage of lymphocytes before and after LMWH treatment were significantly different from those in the control group (P = 0.011). Likewise, changes in the levels of D‐dimer and fibrinogen degradation products in the LMWH group before and after treatment were significantly different from those in the control group (P = 0.035). Remarkably, IL‐6 levels were significantly reduced after LMWH treatment (P = 0.006), indicating that, besides other beneficial properties, LMWH may exert an anti‐inflammatory effect and attenuate in part the "cytokine storm" induced by the virus. Our results support the use of LMWH as a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of COVID‐19, paving the way for a subsequent well‐controlled clinical study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple method to synthesize Au@TiO2@C core‐shell sandwich nanoparticles by hydrolysis and depositing carbon quantum dots (CQDs) is reported. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized material was tested via degrading Rhodamine B (RhB) under simulated‐solar light irradiation. The degradation rate was found in the following order: Au@TiO2@C > P25 > Au@TiO2> TiO2. The superior photocatalytic of Au@TiO2@C was attributed to synergistic effect of Au and CQDs. The CQDs layer coated outside benefits in improving absorption efficiency of solar light host and separation of electron‐holes pairs. The Au core can accelerate transfer process of photo excitons which can facilitate photocatalytic reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We retrospectively analysed the efficacy of intratympanic injection of dexamethasone (ITD) after 3 months in unilateral Meniere's disease. Some patients with poor results continued to seek other treatments, such as endolymphatic sac decompression for patients with better hearing and intratympanic injection of gentamicin for those with poor hearing. All patients received a hearing test, DHI test, caloric test and cVEMP and oVEMP analysis immediately before injection and 3 months later. In summary, we proposed not to use caloric and VEMP test in all patients with Meniere's disease in routine clinical practice and proposed to give ITD (5 mg/mL) once a week for eight consecutive times to all patients with Meniere's disease irrespective of early or late stage. [Extracted from the article]

On acid soils, the trivalent aluminium ion (Al3+) predominates and is very rhizotoxic to most plant species. For some native plant species adapted to acid soils including tea (Camellia sinensis), Al3+ has been regarded as a beneficial mineral element. In this study, we discovered that Al3+ is actually essential for tea root growth and development in all the tested varieties. Aluminum ion promoted new root growth in five representative tea varieties with dose‐dependent responses to Al3+ availability. In the absence of Al3+, the tea plants failed to generate new roots, and the root tips were damaged within 1 d of Al deprivation. Structural analysis of root tips demonstrated that Al was required for root meristem development and activity. In situ morin staining of Al3+ in roots revealed that Al mainly localized to nuclei in root meristem cells, but then gradually moved to the cytosol when Al3+ was subsequently withdrawn. This movement of Al3+ from nuclei to cytosols was accompanied by exacerbated DNA damage, which suggests that the nuclear‐targeted Al primarily acts to maintain DNA integrity. Taken together, these results provide novel evidence that Al3+ is essential for root growth in tea plants through maintenance of DNA integrity in meristematic cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing light‐harvesting materials with tunable emission colors is highly desirable in applications requiring a specific color on‐demand. The modulation in material composition, structures, and polymerization can provide a useful tool for producing a wide range of emission colors. However, controlling the color gamut in a ready‐made material remains a formidable challenge. Here, several germinate‐based phosphors are reported that provide precise dynamic emission color tuning in the visible color range through the optical multiplexing of lanthanides and other ion dopants, such as lead (Pb2+) and manganese (Mn2+). The emission gamut of the developed germinate‐based materials in the full visible color range can be tuned on demand by adjusting the excitation wavelength, thereby allowing dynamic synergistic multicolor, multitemporal, and multimodal integration with ready‐made materials. The multicolored photoluminescence property of the developed phosphors is related to the different interaction modes of dopants in the crystals. Furthermore, the applications of color‐tunable phosphors in multicolor display and anticounterfeiting are demonstrated. These findings provide valuable insights toward developing next‐generation smart luminescent materials and sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]