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One of Jung's most significant contributions concerns the mysterious, inexplicable and always out‐of‐reach nature of the self. In this paper, I will focus on the borders of the self and their nature, location and dynamics of maintenance and change in geographically, historically, and culturally situated subjects. Reflecting on the refugee experience, I intend to gain more insights into our psychic functioning and the dynamics of the self in relation to itself, the other and groups. The experiences of some refugees, marked bysignificant trauma and migration, shed light on how the boundaries of the self are frequently contested and perpetually negotiated with others, and how our subjectivity is shaped by ongoing dynamics of occupation, dispute and/or negotiation, conducted at various levels of our social and individual existence. My argument is that these processes occur at a specific site: the boundaries of the self, involving intrapsychic, interpersonal and group psychological dynamics, with reverberations in the socio‐political and cultural spheres, and reciprocal influences between all these levels. This paper aims to concentrate on the shifts in these boundaries, illustrated through clinical vignettes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The realization of the Self, although the absolute basis of Jungian psychology, has internal inconsistencies, is difficult to understand, and offers a promise of realization that cannot be fulfilled. This has weakened it, and its existence is now one of speculation. If this is the case, what is to be done with it in the consulting room? How should it be introduced and accounted for, if at all? This paper suggests some alternatives but concludes that the myth of the Self has gravitas in other established traditions, and it is those that offer a more coherent framework for the emergence of the Self. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Analytical Psychology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Southern Ocean, its ecosystem, and inhabitants are vulnerable to climate‐mediated shifts in habitat conditions. These changes can affect marine predators in the long term through changes in the distribution, density, and quality of prey. To understand how these changes affect vital rates requires longitudinal studies integrating demography and environmental states. We analyzed 22 years of capture–mark–recapture data to quantify the influence of broad‐scale climate on the survival of male southern elephant seals from Macquarie Island, Tasmania, Australia. Weaning mass was incorporated as a quadratic predictor of survival to account for the known influence of maternal investment. First‐year survival was greatest for weaners weighing 160 kg. Subsequent developmental stages were grouped into juvenile, subordinate, and breeding adult states to reflect the known life history of individuals. We found increased juvenile and subordinate survival with positive values of the previous years' Southern Annular Mode. This is likely due to the northward shift of westerly winds increasing productivity and prey availability in the Sub‐Antarctic region. In contrast to females of this population, the Southern Oscillation Index did not affect male survival. In this highly polygynous mating system, sex‐dependent differences in foraging behavior may be causing the small number of successful breeding adult males to be less susceptible to external influences after reaching the minimum age and body size required to be socially competitive for mating. These extremely large bulls will breed with multiple females and thus make a disproportionate contribution to the gene pool of the next generation. Considering the susceptibility of males to climate influences is therefore highly relevant to assessing the future adaptive capability of the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Standards of Identity (SOI) for food may prevent the adoption of the strategies that help sustain the development of some food industries. This study provides comprehensive insights into the possibility of regulation changes with SOI for orange juice from consumer perspectives. Results show that the juice blends with 50% orange juice and 50% tangerine juice received the highest sensory scores. However, most consumers do not think juice blends with less than 70% orange juice can be called orange juice. The WTP for juice blends with less than 70% orange juice also decreases significantly. The results provide strong support for modifying the current SOI for orange juice. In addition, the ratio of 70% orange juice and 30% non‐orange juice (tangerine/mandarin) is an appropriate threshold for starting the change to the SOI for orange juice. Successful modification to food SOI should consider its impact on both food quality and consumer perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers how labels may be used: "Neurodiverse," "genderfluid," "sex‐positive," "ADHD," and "highly‐sensitive" are just some of the labels that may be offered by patients in introducing themselves. Such labels can be thought of as shortcuts, a way to define identity and sum up a feeling state, attitude, or behaviour. While they may sometimes be "given" in the sense of a diagnosis, they are also "found" and self‐adopted. Using scaffolding as a metaphor for allowing growth or development to take place (or compensate for its absence), the phenomenon of self‐labelling is presented as fulfilling different functions, namely: Label as mirrored reflection; Label as creative defence; Label as something with which to play; Label as container for that which cannot yet be known; Label as calling something into being; and Label as collective dream image. The article starts with three brief composite clinical sketches, and goes on to explore some of the ways that labels may be used with reference to the presented clinical material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for miniaturized point‐of‐care chemical/biochemical sensors has driven the development of field‐effect transistors (FETs) based pH sensors over the last 50 years. This paper aims to review the fabrication technologies, device structures, sensing film materials, and modeling techniques utilized for FET‐based pH sensors. We present the governing principles of potentiometric sensors, with major focus on the working principles of ion‐sensitive FETs (ISFETs). We extensively review different sensing film materials deposited by various techniques, which is critical to the sensing performance of ISFETs. The popular fabrication technologies have been presented, with special emphasis on state‐of‐the‐art silicon‐on‐insulator based technology, which can achieve high sensitivity by utilizing the dual‐gate effect. Furthermore, recent advancements in nano‐ISFETs has been elucidated. We also discuss the adoption of unmodified complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) ISFETs using standard CMOS processes, which has enabled the fabrication of integrated ISFET arrays, which are especially suited for ion‐imaging applications. Moreover, recent developments in extended‐gate FETs has been discussed, which have gained lot of attention due to their design flexibility and ease of fabrication, which is desirable for wearable sensing applications. In addition, recently there have been efforts to utilize nonsilicon channel materials for pH‐sensing application to obtain superior performance and various channel materials have been reviewed. Finally, we have extensively reviewed the ISFET device modeling and simulation techniques using various computer‐aided design tools, which aid in sensor design and characterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C.G. Jung postulates the child motif as the central symbol of the unfolding self towards wholeness. From the 'abandoned child' and the 'invincibility of the child', Jung derives the 'divine child' as hero. It is about the victory of consciousness over the unconscious, about the 'overcoming of the darkness monster'. But in this ego-psychological approach, there is no 'evil', no destructive child. The author is surprised that there is no concept of destructiveness per se, in the Kantian sense, in either psychoanalysis or analytical psychology. In Jung, 'evil' exists as a shadow dynamic that needs to be integrated. This paper is about destructiveness that cannot be integrated. The author's hypothesis is that some patients have the unconscious belief that they are a discarded child and were born as a 'bad' destructive child or have acquired this unconscious belief in the course of their development. Both possibilities are explored with regard to their treatability using clinical vignettes from the therapy of a child, an adolescent and an adult patient. With regard to collective destructiveness, an attempt is also made to highlight some characteristic beliefs of increasingly radicalized political and social groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares presentations of disorders of the sense of body ownership and agency from psychoanalytic and neurological perspectives to demonstrate similarities in symptomatology proposing these similarities arise from adjustments in Friston's generative model of self-organization and selfhood. The implications for the analytic model of the Self, for clinical practice and for neuroscience research are considered. Patients with narcissistic disorders use projective defences resulting in a disordered sense of what belongs to whom. This applies to mind and body of self and other and is central to understanding transference and countertransference. Clinical observations of this disordered sense of ownership and agency mirror findings in neurological disorders. This paper proposes that in both neurological and psychological disorders Friston's 'internal generative model' of selfhood is adjusted. Further to this whilst this adjustment may be either neurogenic or psychogenic, the final neural mechanism and symptomatic outcome are similar. On the basis of these observations the paper compares the concept of the Self from Jungian and psychoanalytic perspectives. Finally, the implications for the concept of the death instinct and Britton's concept of Xenophobia are explored along with the implications of these observations for clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Working with patients who end their lives through suicide is one of the greatest challenges and fears a clinician might face. This paper explores the experience of working with such patients in the course of psychiatric care and Jungian analysis. Jungian theory is used to explore a conceptual understanding of the dilemmas faced. Such theory points to an intractable conflict between Self and ego giving rise to unbearable distress, partly through difficulties arising in achieving individuation. The paper proposes that our difficulties in dealing with a patient's suicide might reflect a manifestation of relentless hope and, perhaps contentiously, these patients made a more considered decision in their final acts than prevailing clinical opinion suggests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work aims to present ideas about the notion of 'Mystery', based on the contributions of various thinkers from different areas of knowledge. It will focus especially on the experience itself, that is, on the human possibility of generating the mystical experience and conceptualizing the dimension from contact with it. Concepts such as 'Homo Mysticus' (Erich Neumann), 'Numinous' (Rudolf Otto), 'Synchronicity' and 'Self' (Carl G. Jung) will be developed, approaching them from a psychological perspective. A distinction between two different categories of contact is proposed in the article: violent experiences and subtle experiences. The referential framework of analytical psychology enables the possibility of a transcendent and immaterial realm creatively linked to psychic reality, as well as an attempt to understand it. The conceptualization of the symbolic from the Jungian worldview allows us to understand the experience of Mystery from a psychological point of view in relation to the surrounding world. The idea is even raised that the ultimate (and implicit) purpose of the analysis is the manifestation of Mystery, a general name that could encompass the different phenomenological experiences. Is it possible that such experiences occur in the cultural circumstances of the present? What place does Mystery occupy in these times? What forms could it take? By observing dreams, imaginations and synchronicities, experiences of the mysterious will be explored in the context of contemporary Jungian analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The temporal trend of aboveground net primary production (ANPP) is frequently used to estimate the effect of humans on ecosystems. In water‐limited ecosystems, like most grazing areas in the world, the effect of humans act upon ANPP in combination with environmental variations. Our main objective was to quantify long‐term (1981–2012) changes of ANPP and discriminate the causes of these changes between environmental and human at a subcontinental scale, across vast areas of Patagonia. We estimated ANPP through a radiative model based on remote sensing data. Then, we evaluated the relation between ANPP and environmental interannual variations of two hierarchically related factors: El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) through the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), and precipitation. We described the effect of humans through the shape of the temporal trends of the residuals (RESTREND) of the environmental model and quantified human relative impact through the RESTREND: ANPP trend ratio. ANPP interannual variation was significantly explained by ENSO (through SOI) and precipitation in 65% of the study area. The SOI had a positive association with annual precipitation. The association between ANPP and annual precipitation was positive. RESTREND analysis was statistically significant in 92% of the area where the tested environmental model worked, representing 60% of the study area, and it was mostly negative. However, its magnitude, revealed through the RESTREND: ANPP trend ratio, was relatively mild. Our analysis revealed that most of ANPP trends were associated with climate and that even when human density is low, its incidence seems to be mainly negative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yijing (Book of Changes) occupied a very significant position in C.G. Jung's mind, which was closely related to Richard Wilhelm's active recommendation and introduction of the Yijing wisdom. Inspired by the Yijing, Jung set forth the 'principle of synchronicity', by which scholars tend to discuss the relationship between Yijing and Jungian psychology. In fact, Jungian analytical psychology conceives in-depth onto-cosmological connotations corresponding to the philosophy of the Yijing. The terms invented or employed by Jung such as 'archetype', 'Self', 'individuation', 'mandala,' 'anima and animus', 'persona and shadow' are interrelated with the connotations of Taiji (Supreme Ultimate) (○) and liang yi (two-mode) () in the Yijing philosophy. A comparative study of the two disciplines can help us gain a more comprehensive and deeper understanding of both, and further improve the exchanges of Eastern and Western cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecologists have long acknowledged the importance of context dependency related to position along spatial gradients. It is also acknowledged that broad‐scale climate patterns can directly and indirectly alter population dynamics. What is not often addressed is whether climate patterns such as the Southern Oscillation interact with population‐level temporal patterns and affect the ability of time‐series data, such as long‐term state of the environment monitoring programmes, to detect change. Monitoring design criteria generally focus on number of data points, sampling frequency and duration, often derived from previous information on species seasonal and multi‐year temporal patterns. Our study questioned whether the timing of any changes relative to Southern Oscillation, interacting with species populations dynamics, would also be important. We imposed a series of simulated reductions on macrofaunal abundance data collected regularly over 29 years from two sites, using species selected for observed differences in temporal dynamics. We hypothesized that (1) high within‐year sampling frequency would increase detection ability for species with repeatable seasonality cycles and (2) timing of the reduction in abundance relative to the Southern Oscillation was only likely to affect detection ability for long‐lived species with multi‐year cyclic patterns in abundance. However, regardless of species population dynamics, we found both within‐year sampling frequency and the timing of the imposed reduction relative to the Southern Oscillation Index affected detection ability. The latter result, while apparently demonstrating a confounding influence on monitoring, offers the opportunity to improve our ability to detect and interpret analyses of monitoring data, and thus our ability to make recommendations to managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

John Weir Perry's influence on the understanding of the psychotic process through his research in San Francisco between 1950 and 1981 was groundbreaking, because it both verified and expanded upon C.G. Jung's research at the Burghölzli Hospital in Switzerland in the early 1900's. The author explores both the brilliance of Perry's contribution as a psychiatrist and Jungian analyst and also shows the flawed human, who, with his rare sensitivity to the psychotic process, devoted his life work to the schizophrenic population and their often ill-fated search for meaning. She tells how his creative engagement with the analytic processes of Self discovery eventually led to analytic boundary violations, which ultimately resulted in his indefinite suspension from membership in his local Jungian community. Further, this paper describes her reflections on the innovative work that influenced both the treatment of this population, as well as educating candidates in analytical training to be receptive to and cognizant of psychotic affects and imagery. The archetypal field of the psychotic process, its influence on the development of analytical psychology relative to the psychotic process, and one man's impact on the analytic community are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) has a 2‐year life span and age‐1 fish migrates from the central and western North Pacific to Japanese waters from summer to winter. To understand interannual abundance variability of Pacific saury in the North Pacific, we examined the extended Japanese standardized catch per unit effort (esCPUE) with generalized linear models (GLMs) during 1982–2018. Explanatory variables included proxies of total and non‐traditional fishing effort (Ettl and Ent) and environmental factors. Each environmental variable was averaged for years t ‐1 and t, corresponding to esCPUE in year t, as esCPUE represented two‐year classes. Ettl and Ent were averaged for years t ‐ 2 and t‐1, assuming fishing of year t affects biomass in year t + 1. We compared four GLMs with different explanatory variables: (a) environmental factors only, (b) fishing effort (without interactions) only, (c) environmental factors and fishing effort (without interactions) and (d) environmental factors and fishing effort (with interactions, i.e., time‐varying effects). Explanatory variables of the best GLM in terms of AICc included the following: Ent with different effects between 1982–2015 and 2016–2018, sea surface water temperature (SST) of the Kuroshio Recirculation Area (KRA) in winter, North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) in winter, Southern Oscillation Index in winter, and the biomass of Japanese sardine. The NPGO, a proxy of zooplankton abundance, and KRA‐SST may affect the early growth and survival rates of Pacific saury. We hypothesized the abundance variability of Pacific saury was driven by environmental factors and fishing, the latter of which more adversely affected since 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) (YFT) is among the eight marine species with the highest catches globally. The Spanish purse seine freezer fleet operating in the Indian Ocean is one of the most important YFT fishing fleets in the world. The South Oscillation Index (SOI), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) are interrelated, and have combined effects in the Indian Ocean. Moreover, Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the dominant component of intraseasonal variability in the tropical Indian and Pacific oceans where the sea surface is warm. The main aim of present study is to understand the effect of these four climatic oscillations on Spanish purse seine YFT catches in the Indian Ocean. The ultimate goal is to estimate the specific time lag of the effect of each climatic oscillation on the YFT catches for management purposes. To estimate this, we adjusted different General Additive Models between the response variable (corrected YFT catches per unit of effort per year), compared to a combination of SOI, PDO, IOD, and MJO lagged up to 8 years. Our results suggest that there is a lagged effect modulated mainly by PDO‐SOI, which could be related to a good recruitment, larval survival, or improved spawning. Thus, negative PDO phase (or positive SOI phase) lagged between 3 and 6 years could favor future stock abundance, while positive PDO phase (or negative SOI phase) lagged 3 or 6 years could negatively affect future stock abundance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the second part of an article that tries to provide a framework of understanding of, and a seminal reflection on, a highly interesting yet little explored psychological construct of Jung's analytical psychology, namely the 'mana personality'. Here I take into consideration some issues around the 'saviour complex', discussed in Jung's seminar on Nietzsche's Zarathustra, concerning both the psychological analysis of the individual and the socio-political level related to the collective horizon of the 1930s. Moreover, I consider the continuity of Jung's analysis of such issues in other works such as 'Psychology and national problems' (1936), Symbols of Transformation (1952), and Aion (1950). I finally make some suggestions concerning Jung's apparent hermeneutic tendency to apply the construct of the mana personality to collective historical phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to Jung, the 'mana personality' represents an archetypal phase of the individuation process of remarkable interest in psychological, hermeneutic and theoretical terms. This figure is characterized by a high initiatic potential that fosters the approximation of the consciousness of the Self. At the same time, it entails a risk of psychic inflation or of 'similarity to God'. In this article, divided in two parts, I deal with those aspects through a reconstruction of the development of this notion within Jung's published works, adopting a primarily chronological and, secondarily, thematic approach moving from a textual analysis of relevant passages. In this first part, I consider some passages which deal mainly with the risks of the assimilation of the unconscious in 'La structure de l'inconscient' (1916) that preceded the successive proper treatment of the mana personality's notion presented, and here examined, in 'The relations between the ego and the unconscious' (1928). Successively, I take into consideration some further issues related to it discussed by Jung in 'The structure of the psyche' (1928/1931), 'Archaic man' (1931), and 'Nietzsche's Zarathustra'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the relations between displacement, home, trauma and the self in the experience of refugees, which has become an issue of unexpected and far-reaching proportions in recent times. It questions to what extent and under what conditions displacement in the world may be traumatic and how trauma may be considered the effect of an inner displacement. Refugees' lives are marked by forced migration that is related to a certain suffering due to the changes in their family, relational, social and cultural lives. The paper explores the extent to which these changes can represent a break so significant as to be traumatic. It outlines the way in which traumatic experiences can produce an inner displacement and reorganization of one's mental life that leads to a focus on traumatic complexes. Under the most severe traumatic conditions, this can be understood as a displacement of the central axis of Self, in which the ego complex yields its position to other complexes, with a deep change in the organization and functioning of self. The experience of refugees highlights the way in which we live in a matrix of conscious and unconscious links between inner and outer worlds that need deeper and simultaneous consideration to understand their implications and mutual resonances for the psyche. Clinical cases of refugees will illustrate some aspects of these interconnections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monthly precipitation data at regular grids of 0.5° × 0.5° derived from observations during June–August 1961–2016 were used to reveal characteristics of large‐scale circulations associated with rainy season precipitation over the source region of the Yangtze River (SRYR). The integrated impact of major influencing circulation patterns was examined by principal component analysis and composites. Results showed that the first rainy season precipitation mode associates with the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), explaining 64% of spatial and temporal rainy season precipitation variance in the region. Composites of precipitation pattern under different phases of SOI and PDO revealed that the effect of PDO on precipitation varies with the SOI phase. When in phase with the SOI, PDO‐induced precipitation anomalies are magnified. When out‐of‐phase, anomalies weaken or even disappear. Composites of moisture flux patterns show that large‐scale atmospheric circulation affects the strength of westerlies that transport moisture to the study area and formation of convergence. In coming decades, the PDO is likely to continue in a negative phase with La Niña (positive SOI) events, implying more precipitation during the rainy season. Consequently, this knowledge can be used to improve decision making regarding water supply and flood risk management in the SRYR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two‐dimensional (2D) metasurface integrated with strip waveguide in silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) has been designed to achieve high coupling efficiency for 3.8 μm wavelength. The optimisation in period and radius has been achieved using 3D finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD). The calculated coupling efficiency in the in‐plane waveguide for the out‐of‐plane surface illumination is over 90% with a bandwidth of 1 μm. The design is consistent with the available lithography using 400 nm thick SOI for mid‐IR applications. Finally, monolithic integration can be achieved using standard multi‐project wafer run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the significance of the image of the Chinese character for 'enlightenment'. The oracle bone script form for 'enlightenment' is comprised of the symbol for the 'true self' and the symbol for the 'heart'. In Chinese Taoist philosophy, the true self is close to Tao, a concept akin to that of the self in Analytical Psychology. The combination of the 'self' meeting with the 'heart' conveys both the aspect of inspiration and of profound meaning. The paper is composed of three parts in order to facilitate the analysis and interpretation of this Chinese character: 1) an exploration of the image and meaning of the character; 2) an exploration of the link between the self and enlightenment; and 3) reflections on the relationship between insight and enlightenment. The image of this Chinese character contains not only what enlightenment is, but also the way to enlightenment and the meaning of the way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought monitoring and assessments are important tasks requiring comprehensive, validated indices. Exceptional circumstances (EC) data provided by the Queensland Government are used here as “ground truth” to validate the data fusion‐based drought index (DFDI) and to recalibrate the regional drought thresholds for the purpose of increasing the predictive accuracy. To achieve this, Queensland is regionalized into relatively homogeneous regions following existing climate and land use classifications, followed by a recalibration of the index's drought thresholds over each subregion. As a benchmark, the rainfall percentile ranking (RPR) and standardized precipitation index (SPI), currently employed for drought monitoring by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, have been compared with the EC maps and the DFDI, showing an underperformance in reliably detecting drought‐affected areas by the precipitation‐based indices. The results suggest that the DFDI's true‐positive detection rate of water stress conditions closely resembles the EC data in 84.48, 74.23, and 76.31% of the cases across desert, grassland, and tropical/subtropical regions. In addition, correlations along with copulas have been applied to reveal teleconnections and interdependencies between DFDI and effective remote drivers across the whole state, as well as each subregion. Here, comparisons of the 6‐month moving average of the DFDI and the equivalent average of the Southern Oscillation index (SOI) (2000–2016) showed that the SOI has the highest impact on drought conditions as SOI thresholds of <−4 associated with the whole state, while the climate subregions had thresholds of <−2.2, <−3.4, and <−4 related to desert, grassland, and tropical/subtropical regions, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: According to the World Health Organization, depression is currently the leading cause of disability, which is of great concern worldwide; however there is much dispute about depression and its causes. This article raises the hypothesis that depression could be related to an increase or inflation of ego‐consciousness, which, in turn, is inseparable from the development of modernity. The ‘hero’, symbol of this historical process of self‐consciousness and autonomy, stands now wearied and disoriented. The paper outlines how, in this cultural scene, certain ideas from Carl Jung's and James Hillman's depth psychologies may be useful in addressing the issue: the rediscovery of figures of the other through the analysis of the unconscious (Jung) and associating with others in groups imbued with communal sense (Hillman) could help the depressed individual to mitigate his or her inflated ego‐consciousness. These are two complementary ways of experiencing the conglomerate nature of the self, thus promoting the process of individuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Embedded in the history of dissociation is the best known case of possession in European history, the 17th century possessions at Loudun, France (1632-1638). The exorcisms and the trial drew crowds from all over Europe, the outcome prefiguring the direction in which the Western science of mind would be carried. The published debate about the possessed and obsessed Ursuline nuns of Loudun spans four centuries. One can track how theorizing about dissociation changed over time, with psychological contributions by Jean Martin Charcot, Georges Gilles de la Tourette, Pierre Janet, Michel Foucault and Michel de Certeau. Freud's psychoanalytic notion of demonological neurosis emphasized defensive strategies and a diabolic parody of adulthood. Jung's concepts of demonism and possession highlighted dissociated complexes that assimilate the ego and unseat the self, rendering a life 'provisional'. Dissociation as possession provides a through-line in Jung's Collected Works, from his 1902 dissertation to one of the last essays he wrote, in 1961. Within the context of psychotherapy, therapists and patients work towards psychological containment, consciously reorienting themselves to the presence of unconscious factors, personifying, embodying and thereby incorporating images of dissociated Otherness into the experience of selfhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) nonlinear oscillator phenomenon has a far reaching influence on the climate and human activities. The up to 10 year quasi-period cycle of the El Niño and subsequent La Niña is known to be dominated in the tropics by nonlinear physical interaction of wind with the equatorial waveguide in the Pacific. Long-term cyclic phenomena do not feature in the current theory of the ENSO process. We update the theory by assessing low (>10 years) and high (<10 years) frequency coupling using evidence across tropical, extratropical, and Pacific basin scales. We analyze observations and model simulations with a highly accurate method called Dominant Frequency State Analysis (DFSA) to provide evidence of stable ENSO features. The observational data sets of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), North Pacific Index Anomaly, and ENSO Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly, as well as a theoretical model all confirm the existence of long-term and short-term climatic cycles of the ENSO process with resonance frequencies of {2.5, 3.8, 5, 12-14, 61-75, 180} years. This fundamental result shows long-term and short-term signal coupling with mode locking across the dominant ENSO dynamics. These dominant oscillation frequency dynamics, defined as ENSO frequency states, contain a stable attractor with three frequencies in resonance allowing us to coin the term Heartbeat of the Southern Oscillation due to its characteristic shape. We predict future ENSO states based on a stable hysteresis scenario of short-term and long-term ENSO oscillations over the next century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a tentative understanding of the characteristics of the extreme traumas, elsewhere called 'complex PTSD', that some refugees and asylum-seekers bring into therapy. It suggests that these kinds of traumas suffered during adulthood may involve a disintegration of the self and a loss of 'psychic skin'. This conceptualization is derived from the treatment of a refugee who survived multiple extreme traumas and with whom efforts were made in therapy to identify a complex methodology making use of supplementary therapeutic tools in addition to individual psychotherapy. The case demonstrates how the disintegration of self implies not only a deep somato-psychic dissociation, but also a loss of intrapsychic and interpersonal space. In the treatment this was worked through via repetition of the victim-aggressor dynamics at multiple levels. In the end, the therapeutic context was structured like a set of concentric layers, creating a 'bandage' over the patient's wounds whilst his 'psychic skin' was able to regenerate. The conditions triggered by extreme traumas in refugees challenge some of the cornerstones of individual psychoanalytic technique, as well as the idea that individual therapy may be thought of as existing in an environmental vacuum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the question the youthful Carl Gustav pondered as he sat on 'his' stone - 'Am I he who sits on the stone, or am I the stone on which he sits?' - the author has attempted to show that, for Jung, the idea of identity is founded on a wilful non-determination. This stance results in ethical and methodological repercussions that differentiate it both from the Freudian project and from Hindu and Buddhist thought, while at the same time having much in common with them. The paper refers to the notions of emergence and (Varela et al. 1992) enaction and argues that the concept of the archetype, especially in relation to the self, merits a re-evaluation in light of the new scientific paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although studies have demonstrated significant associations between ENSO events and dengue fever, few have explored regional impacts on dengue fever of separate events. This study explores the impacts of two ENSO events on regional patterns of dengue/ dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) incidence in Indonesia. Data consist of monthly cases of dengue/DHF from 1992 to 2001 for each of Indonesia's 27 provinces, and monthly figures for rainfall, rainfall anomalies, temperature, relative humidity and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). We conducted Pearson correlation analyses for each independent variable against dengue/DHF incidence, using a direct month-by-month correlation and applying a lag of between one and six months to each variable with respect to dengue/DHF incidence. Based on the SOI value, we identified two ENSO events between 1992 and 2001. To explore each event, we created two dummy variables and in regression analyses for eight provinces. The variance of between 12.9 per cent and 24.5 per cent in provincial dengue/DHF incidence is explained by two or three climate variables in each of the provinces (p < 0.01 to 0.1). During the 1997/98 event, the explained variance increased by between 7 per cent and 15 per cent in provinces whose climate regimes were most affected by this event. This study demonstrates that indicators of ENSO such as the SOI may assist in the forecast of potential dengue/DHF incidence and distribution in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the transfer of somatic effects from patient to analyst, which gives rise to embodied countertransference, functioning as an organ of primitive communication. By means of processes of projective identification, the analyst experiences somatic disturbances within himself or herself that are connected to the split-off complexes of the analysand. The analysty's own attempt at mind-body integration ushers the patient towards a progressive understanding and acceptance of his or her inner suffering. Such experiences of psychic contagion between patient and analyst are related to Jung's 'psychology of the transference' and the idea of the 'subtle body' as an unconscious shared area. The re-attribution of meaning to pre-verbal psychic experiences within the 'embodied reverie' of the analyst enables the analytic dyad to reach the archetypal energies and structuring power of the collective unconscious. A detailed case example is presented of how the emergence of the vitalizing connection between the psyche and the soma, severed through traumatic early relations with parents or carers, allows the instinctual impulse of the Self to manifest, thereby reactivating the process of individuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigate the influence of global climate oscillations on the local temperature and precipitation over the United Arab Emirates (UAE), which is one of the driest regions in the world with very high temperatures and low precipitation. The identification and assessment of remote interactions (teleconnections) are carried out by using ground station and gridded data sets. Monthly rainfall data from six ground stations over the UAE for the period of 1982-2010 is used in this study along with the long-term gridded precipitation and temperature data from the Global Precipitation Climatology Center and Global Historic Climatic Network. Linear correlations, wavelet analysis, and cross-wavelet analysis have been applied to identify the relation between climate indices and precipitation (temperature). The analysis reveals that the strong variability in precipitation is closely associated with the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and the Indian Ocean Dipole Index (IOD) during the months of August-March, September-January, respectively. In case of temperature, the strong variability is associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAO) and the East Atlantic Oscillation Index (EAO) during the months of April-October, July-December. Spatial analysis of cross-wavelet reveals that the winter precipitation is significantly influenced by SOI and temperature during summer by the NAO. This research concludes that the negative phases of SOI (NAO) play a significant role in the increase of precipitation (decrease in summer temperatures) over the UAE region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the observation of intermediate state in the quantum dot gate field‐effect transistors (QDGFETs) in silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) substrate. Silicon dioxide (SiO2)‐cladded silicon (Si) quantum dots (QDs) are site‐specifically self‐assembled on the top of SiO2 tunnel gate insulator on SOI substrates. Charge carrier tunnelling from the inversion channel to the QD layers on top of the gate insulator is responsible for the generation of intermediate state. Charge tunnelling is also verified by the C–V characteristics of the MOS device having same insulator structure as the gate region of the QDGFET. Considering the transfer of charge carriers from the inversion channel to two layers of SiO2‐cladded Si QDs, a model based on self‐consistent solution of Schrödinger and Poisson equations, is also presented, to explain the generation of intermediate state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an exploration of the relationship between nurturing in all its contexts - among them, the nursing couple and the therapeutic relationship - and the evolution of an individual self. The ideas are illustrated by a case vignette of a Russian patient. An attempt is made to show that when the self as an integral unity of body and soul is addressed in the analytic setting, 'nutritional dreams' emerge as expressions of the self-in-action. Certain psycholinguistic features of the Russian cultural context are described which suggest a link of meaning between development of the self and secure parenting. This linguistic association may facilitate the process of self-centering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fully-integrated penta-band reconfigurable power amplifier (PA) is developed for handset Tx applications. The output structure of the proposed PA is composed of the fixed output matching network, power and frequency reconfigurable networks, and post-PA distribution switches. In this work, a new reconfiguration technique is proposed for a specific band requiring power and frequency reconfiguration simultaneously. The design parameters for the proposed reconfiguration are newly derived and applied to the PA. To reduce the module size, the switches of reconfigurable output networks and post-PA switches are integrated into a single IC using a 0.18 μm silicon-oninsulator CMOS process, and a compact size of 5 mm × 5 mm is thus achieved. The fabricated W-CDMA PA module shows adjacent channel leakage ratios better than -39 dBc up to the rated linear power and power-added efficiencies of higher than around 38% at the maximum linear output power over all the bands. Efficiency degradation is limited to 2.5% to 3% compared to the single-band reference PA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Typical multivariate time series models may exhibit comovement in mean but not in variance of hydrologic and climatic variables. This paper introduces multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models to capture the comovement of the variance or the conditional covariance between two hydroclimatic time series. The diagonal vectorized and Baba-Engle-Kroft-Kroner models are developed to evaluate the covariance between drought and two atmospheric circulations, Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) time series during 1954-2000. The univariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model indicates a strong persistency level in conditional variance for NAO and a moderate persistency level for SOI. The conditional variance of short-term drought index indicates low level of persistency, while the long-term index drought indicates high level of persistency in conditional variance. The estimated conditional covariance between drought and atmospheric indices is shown to be weak and negative. It is also observed that the covariance between drought and atmospheric indices is largely dependent on short-run variance of atmospheric indices rather than their long-run variance. The nonlinearity and stationarity tests show that the conditional covariances are nonlinear but stationary. However, the degree of nonlinearity is higher for the covariance between long-term drought and atmospheric indices. It is also observed that the nonlinearity of NAO is higher than that for SOI, in contrast to the stationarity which is stronger for SOI time series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two types of monolithic isolator on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) with trench isolation have been fabricated. One is a multitrench isolator with polysilicon resistors in which two circuit areas are isolated using thirty-four 0.4-µm-wide trenches on an SOI. The inequality in the voltages applied to the trenches is reduced by using polysilicon resistors parallel to the trenches, which increases the isolation voltage from 2.6 to 4.0 kV. The other is a spiral wide-trench isolator in which two circuit areas are isolated using two spiral 10-µm-wide trenches. Monocrystalline silicon is used as a resistor to reduce the inequality in the trench voltages. Signals are transmitted between the two circuit areas through two series of high-voltage capacitors: silicon on buried oxide and a third metal are used as electrodes. A network interface large-scale integration (LSI) with a four-channel isolator was fabricated using multitrench isolation. It provides 4-kV isolation and supports 100-Mbps transmission. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Streamflow forecast models are essential ingredients for water resources management. Due to nonlinear nature of streamflow generation, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and K-Nearest Neighbour (K-NN) have turned into popular forecast models. The main objective of this paper was to study the effect of various non-commonly used data, including spatially distributed climatic data, as well as Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), on the improvement of one- to three-month ahead flow forecasts in the Karun basin, Iran. Temperature maps were produced via elevation-temperature relationships, while inverse distance-weighted interpolation was applied to generate precipitation maps. In addition, three different input architectures were constructed for ANNs and ANFIS models using cross-correlation and principal component analysis techniques. Next, the most accurate models with input point data were identified based on the root mean squared error and mean absolute error. Finally, the effect of using spatial climatic data and SOI on the performance of the most accurate models was investigated. Results showed that distributed precipitation data improved the performance of ANN and ANFIS models, while K-NN model accuracy was only marginally affected. Adding SOI as an additional input improved the forecast performance slightly in all lead times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a 5-bit digital step attenuator (DSA) using a commercial 0.18-µm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process for the wideband phased array antenna. Both low insertion loss and low root mean square (RMS) phase error and amplitude error are achieved employing two attenuation topologies of the switched path attenuator and the switched T-type attenuator. The attenuation coverage of 31 dB with a least significant bit of 1 dB is achieved at DC to 20 GHz. The RMS phase error and amplitude error are less than 2.5° and less than 0.5 dB, respectively. The measured insertion loss of the reference state is less than 5.5 dB at 10 GHz. The input return loss and output return loss are each less than 12 dB at DC to 20 GHz. The current consumption is nearly zero with a voltage supply of 1.8 V. The chip size is 0.93 mm × 0.68 mm, including pads. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a low phase error DC-to-20-GHz SOI DSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding how entire ecosystems maintain stability in the face of climatic and human disturbance is one of the most fundamental challenges in ecology. Theory suggests that a crucial factor determining the degree of ecosystem stability is simply the degree of synchrony with which different species in ecological food webs respond to environmental stochasticity. Ecosystems in which all food-web pathways are affected similarly by external disturbance should amplify variability in top carnivore abundance over time due to population interactions, whereas ecosystems in which a large fraction of pathways are nonresponsive or even inversely responsive to external disturbance will have more constant levels of abundance at upper trophic levels. To test the mechanism underlying this hypothesis, we used over half a century of demographic data for multiple species in the Serengeti (Tanzania) ecosystem to measure the degree of synchrony to variation imposed by an external environmental driver, the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). ENSO effects were mediated largely via changes in dry-season vs. wet-season rainfall and consequent changes in vegetation availability, propagating via bottom-up effects to higher levels of the Serengeti food web to influence herbivores, predators and parasites. Some species in the Serengeti food web responded to the influence of ENSO in opposite ways, whereas other species were insensitive to variation in ENSO. Although far from conclusive, our results suggest that a diffuse mixture of herbivore responses could help buffer top carnivores, such as Serengeti lions, from variability in climate. Future global climate changes that favor some pathways over others, however, could alter the effectiveness of such processes in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rainfall models are used to understand the effect of various climatological variables on rainfall amounts. The models also have potential uses in predicting and simulating rainfall. We use Tweedie generalized linear models to model monthly rainfall amounts and occurrence simultaneously with a set of predictors (sine term, cosine term, NINO 3.4, SOI and SOI phase). Models are fitted to the monthly rainfall data of 220 Australian stations with 4 stations as case studies. First, models with only sine and cosine terms (the base model) are fitted to model the cyclic pattern of rainfall data, and then one of the climatological variables is added each time in addition to the base model. On the basis of the BIC, the model with NINO 3.4 is preferred for most of the studied stations. Stations for which the model using the SOI is preferred appear in small clusters. Adding the climatological variables to the base model improves the fit of the model and makes substantial changes in the predicted mean monthly rainfall amount and probability of getting a dry month. The climatological variables have significant impacts on the amount of rainfall in most stations located on the eastern and northeastern regions of Australia. The models used lags one of the climatological covariates (i.e. value of the covariates of previous month with rainfall amount of a month) and are useful for one month lead rainfall prediction. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Well-validated rainfall-runoff models are able to capture the relationships between rainfall and streamflow and to reliably estimate initial catchment states. While future streamflows are mainly dependent on initial catchment states and future rainfall, use of the rainfall-runoff models together with estimated future rainfall can produce skilful forecasts of future streamflows. This is the basis for the ensemble streamflow prediction system, but this approach has not been explored in Australia. In this paper, two conceptual rainfall-runoff models, together with rainfall ensembles or analogues based on historical rainfall and the Southern Oscillation index (SOI), were used to forecast streamflows at monthly and 3-monthly scales at two catchments in east Australia. The results showed that both models forecast monthly streamflow well when forecasts for all months were evaluated together, but their performance varied significantly from month to month. Best forecasting skills were obtained (both monthly and 3 monthly) when the models were coupled with ensemble forcings on the basis of long-term historical rainfall. SOI-based resampling of forcings from historical data led to improved forecasting skills only in the period from September to December at the catchment in Queensland. For 3 month streamflow forecasts, best skills were in the period from April to June at the catchment in Queensland and in the period from October to January for the catchment in New South Wales, both of which were the periods after the rainy season. The forecasting skills are indicatively comparable to the statistical forecasting skills using a Bayesian joint probability approach. The potential approaches for improved hydrologic modeling through conditional parameterization and for improved forecasting skills through advanced model updating and bias corrections are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rate of development from winter diapause to initial oviposition for Tetranychus urticae on strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa, in southwestern British Columbia, Canada, was linearly related to temperature above 9.4 ± 0.71°C. Initial oviposition (IO) in the field, defined as the day at which half of the leaflets with T. urticae also had T. urticae eggs (IO0.5), was determined for 21 populations between 1988 and 2006 by logistic curve fitting to sequential field samples. Prediction of IO0.5 required adjustment of air temperatures for the effects of cloud opacity on microclimate, otherwise predictions were 20–30 days late. A thermal summation start date of 27 November was determined by iteratively summing day-degrees (>9.4°C) from different start dates until IO0.5, for 10 calibration populations, and observing when the coefficient of variation for the mean thermal requirement was minimal. The thermal requirement for the 10 calibration populations was negatively correlated with accumulated cold-rest hours (<4.0°C). Model predictions of IO0.5 were not significantly different from the validation data. Predictions for 1954–2003 were positively correlated with the mean monthly Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) during September–December and negatively correlated with year ( R 2 = 0.36, P < 0.0001), indicating some potential for prediction of IO0.5 2–3 months in advance. Estimated IO0.5 in 2003 was 12.8 days earlier than in the mid-1950s, and variation in IO0.5 related to the SOI was 25.2 days. These results may be generally applicable to other temperate arthropods that emerge at the same time as T. urticae, such as the aphids Chaetosiphon fragaefolii on strawberry, and Ericaphis fimbriata on blueberry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analog Devices (ADI) has designed and fabricated a monolithic high-g acceleration sensor (ADXSTC3-HG) fabricated with the ADI silicon-on-insulator micro-electro-mechanical system (SOI-MEMS) process. The SOI-MEMS sensor structure has a thickness of 10 um, allowing for the design of inertial sensors with excellent cross-axis rejection. The high-g accelerometer discussed in this paper was designed to measure in-plane acceleration to 10,000 g while subjected to 100,000 g in the orthogonal axes. These requirements were intended to meet Army munition applications. The monolithic sensor was packaged in an 8-pin leadless chip carrier (LCC-8) and was successfully demonstrated by the US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) as part of an inertial measurement unit during an instrumented flight experiment of artillery projectiles launched at 15,000 g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important aspect of a thin-film transistor (TFT) is reducing the current flowing between the source and drain when the gate is off. In this research, we proposed a new TFT, the tunneling dielectric TFT (TDTFT), that has a thin dielectric film on both ends of the channel region, and studied its operation through simulations. We calculated the drain current (Ioff) when the gate is off, the drain current–drain voltage characteristic, and the transconductance in the TDTFT. When the thin dielectric film is a 0.5-nm-thick TiO2 film, Ioff of the TDTFT is about six digits less than that of a conventional TFT. We also studied the double silicon on insulator (DSOI) structure which improves the drive power of the TFT even for a thin Si film. When a TDTFT is fabricated on DSOI, simple calculations showed that the on–off ratio was several times better than that of a conventional TFT. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 88(11): 44–53, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10210 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The harmonic and intermodulation distortions of both fully-depleted (FD) and partially-depleted (PD) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFETs are studied. The analysis is based on the recently developed integral function method and the results are compared to a third-order Volterra model of the MOSFET. This modelling helps us to understand the non-linear mechanisms of the considered devices and to predict their frequency behaviour. The models are validated through large-signal network analyser measurements. The devices performances are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Squid are short lived, with highly labile populations that respond rapidly to changes in environmental conditions. This makes them a good model for studying the response of recruitment processes to environmental signals. This study examines the influence of the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and Trans Polar Index (TPI) on the environment and abundance of six species of commercially important squid from the southern hemisphere, all linked to major current systems connected by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current: Dosidicus gigas (Southeast Pacific), Loligo vulgaris reynaudii (Southeast Atlantic), Nototodarus sloanii, N. gouldi (Southwest Pacific), Illex argentinus and L. gahi (Southwest Atlantic). All fisheries displayed a high level of inter-annual variability and a degree of synchronicity was seen to occur in the abundance of the three Pacific species. The SOI signal was reflected in the environment of each fishery, particularly in Pacific regions. Both indices are correlated with squid abundance, particularly during the early life history stages (SOI) and adult stages (TPI), suggesting some degree of latitudinal separation, with juveniles potentially influenced by environmental variability at lower latitudes and adults at higher latitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disturbances that are strongly linked to global climatic cycles may occur in a regular, predictable manner that affects composition and distribution of ecological communities. The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences worldwide precipitation patterns and has occurred with regular periodicity over the last 130000 years. We hypothesized that ENSO, through effects on local weather conditions, has influenced frequency and extent of fires within Everglades National Park (Florida, USA). Using data from 1948 to 1999, we found that the La Niña phase of ENSO was associated with decreased dry-season rainfall, lowered surface water levels, increased lightning strikes, more fires, and larger areas burned. In contrast, the El Niño phase was associated with increased dry-season rainfall, raised surface water levels, decreased lightning strikes, fewer fires, and smaller areas burned. Shifts between ENSO phases every few years have likely influenced vegetation through periodic large-scale fires, resulting in a prevalence of fire-influenced communities in the Everglades landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have classified the surface defects present in two kinds of wafers processed by high-dose separation by implanted oxygen (HD-SIMOX), for which the starting substrates were grown by the Czochralski (CZ) and epitaxial (EPI) methods, respectively. Our classification included several kinds of categories, based on our investigations of the densities and distributions of these defects. In addition, we varied the shapes of the defects by sacrificing the oxide layers, and investigated their cross-sectional structure. The two main classes of surface defects are pit-type defects and undulation-type defects. Our view is that the former are attributable to grown-in defects such as crystal-originated particles (COPs), the latter to the behavior of these particles during the implantation and SIMOX anneal stages. We also investigated the influence of surface defects on the integrity of the oxide layer and the quality of the buried-oxide (BOX) material. We found that some undulation-type defects that lose the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) layer during the thinning process can degrade the oxide film integrity, while those defects that lose both the BOX layer and the SOI layer during the thinning process can lead to both degradation of the oxide film integrity and BOX leakage. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 86(7): 64–72, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.1125 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]