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GeoTraductores is an collaborative initiative between Eos, Planeteando, andGeoLatinas that aims to provide Spanish‐speaking communities access to current scientific findings. This goal is accomplished by translating science articles originally published in English on AGU's Eos.org, within their Science News magazine, into Spanish. This cross‐organizational initiative has translated, edited, and published over 150 articles, breaking the language barrier for Spanish‐speaking communities. Our experience since 2020 has allowed us to tailor an efficient co‐production model, which starts with (a) the selection of articles of interest to translate, followed by (b) the translation, reviewing, and editing process by volunteers, and (c) the publication and social media dissemination of the translated article. The tangible impact of GeoTraductores is evident in the substantial surge of visitor traffic to the Eos website between 2020 and 2023, particularly from Latin American countries. Notably, increases exceeding 85% were observed in Colombia, Mexico, and Panama, with 20% or greater growth in Chile, Brazil, Costa Rica, Peru, and Ecuador, confirming the initiative's success in meeting a genuine need. This impact extends globally, with Spain experiencing a 40% increase in visitors. Our co‐production model is possible thanks to the contribution of around 40 GeoTraductores, mainly women (85%), who are native Spanish speakers or bilingual (Spanish and English speaking). These early‐career scientists, through their volunteer work, enhance their bilingual communication skills while breaking down language barriers in science communication. The Eos‐Planeteando‐GeoLatinas co‐production model fosters science democratization for Latin America while promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion in Earth Sciences, one translation at a time. Plain Language Summary: GeoTraductores is an Eos, GeoLatinas, and Planeteando initiative based on co‐production and volunteering to provide Spanish‐speaking communities access to current scientific findings through translations. Within the Eos en Español project, this initiative translates science articles from English into Spanish. Between 2020 and 2023, GeoTraductores has translated, edited, and published over 150 articles, thus breaking down the language barrier for Spanish‐speaking communities. We have developed an efficient co‐production model that involves article selection, volunteering translation, review, editing, and publication as well as social media dissemination of the translated article. The impact of GeoTraductores is evident in the substantial surge of visitor traffic to the Eos website between 2020 and 2023, particularly from Latin American countries. For example, visits to the website from Colombia, Mexico, and Panama increased by over 85% and grew 20% or more in Chile, Brazil, Costa Rica, Peru, and Ecuador. This impact extends to Spain experiencing a 40% increase in visitors. This co‐production model is possible thanks to the contribution of 40 GeoTraductores, mainly women (85%), who are native Spanish speakers or bilingual early‐career scientists. The Eos‐Planeteando‐GeoLatinas co‐production model fosters science democratization for Latin America while promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion in Earth Sciences, one translation at a time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: If you encounter an unexplained case of bone marrow edema in a young patient, consider the possibility of osteoid osteoma (OO). Even in the presence of a nidus near vital structures, RFA can safely be used to treat OO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Haplotype‐resolved 3D chromatin architecture related to allelic differences in avian skeletal muscle development has not been addressed so far, although chicken husbandry for meat consumption has been prevalent feature of cultures on every continent for more than thousands of years. Here, high‐resolution Hi‐C diploid maps (1.2‐kb maximum resolution) are generated for skeletal muscle tissues in chicken across three developmental stages (embryonic day 15 to day 30 post‐hatching). The sequence features governing spatial arrangement of chromosomes and characterize homolog pairing in the nucleus, are identified. Multi‐scale characterization of chromatin reorganization between stages from myogenesis in the fetus to myofiber hypertrophy after hatching show concordant changes in transcriptional regulation by relevant signaling pathways. Further interrogation of parent‐of‐origin‐specific chromatin conformation supported that genomic imprinting is absent in birds. This study also reveals promoter‐enhancer interaction (PEI) differences between broiler and layer haplotypes in skeletal muscle development‐related genes are related to genetic variation between breeds, however, only a minority of breed‐specific variations likely contribute to phenotypic divergence in skeletal muscle potentially via allelic PEI rewiring. Beyond defining the haplotype‐specific 3D chromatin architecture in chicken, this study provides a rich resource for investigating allelic regulatory divergence among chicken breeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study employs a lifecycle perspective to investigate the relationship between corrupt practices and sustainability reporting. The final sample is composed of 1388 firms from four European countries, namely France, Germany, UK, and Sweden. Data were retrieved from the Thomson Reuters database from 2015 to 2022. The findings revealed that corruption significantly reduces sustainability disclosure across different life cycle stages, albeit with varying magnitudes, perhaps due to the misallocation of resources and lack of incentives. The findings also showed that the detrimental effects of corruption on sustainability reporting is most profound during the "Shake‐Out" stage of a company life cycle. By adopting a lifecycle perspective, the research offers a new and in‐depth understanding of corruption's impact on environmental disclosure, offering policymakers and regulators valuable insights into enhancing environmental and sustainability practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 6‐year‐old male golden retriever presented with swelling of the left upper eyelid of 2 months duration, which did not improve following a course of antibiotics. Routine serum biochemistry, complete blood count and diagnostic imaging identified no clinically significant abnormalities. The mass was surgically excised, and histopathologic examination was performed. Eosinophilic granulocytic sarcoma (GS) was diagnosed based on the results of histopathology and immunohistochemistry. This is the first report of GS affecting the eyelid of a dog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High glucose concentrations result in oxidative stress, leading to damage of cellular constituents like DNA, proteins, and lipids, ultimately resulting in apoptosis. Resveratrol, a polyphenol phytoalexin, has been studied for its potential therapeutic effects on diabetes. This study investigated the influence of high glucose (HG) on HepG2 cells and assessed resveratrol's effect on high‐glucose‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. HepG2 cells were cultured for 48 and 72 h with high glucose (40 mM), low resveratrol (25 μM), high resveratrol (50 μM), high glucose + low resveratrol, and high glucose + high resveratrol. After exposure, oxidative and apoptosis‐related gene expression was evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was measured using the supernatant. In HepG2 cells cultured with high glucose, all antioxidant enzymes (SOD, superoxide dismutase; GPx1, glutathione peroxidase 1; CAT, catalase; Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2; and NQO1, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1) were significantly reduced; however, when HepG2 cells were cultured with resveratrol (25 and 50 μM) and high glucose, the expression levels of all antioxidant enzymes were increased. The anti‐apoptotic gene (B‐cell lymphoma 2; Bcl2) and the DNA repair gene (Oxoguanine glycosylase‐1, OGG1) were significantly decreased following high glucose exposure to HepG2 cells. Surprisingly, the expression levels of Bcl2 and OGG1 were notably elevated after resveratrol treatment. Furthermore, high glucose levels increased the LHD release in HepG2 cells, whereas resveratrol treatment reduced the LDH release. Our results demonstrate that resveratrol provides protection against oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by high glucose in HepG2 cells. Hence, resveratrol shows potential as an effective approach to address the impaired antioxidant response resulting from elevated glucose levels commonly observed in diabetes and metabolic disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world's 1.4 million lakes (≥10 ha) provide many ecosystem services that are essential for human well‐being; however, only if their health status is good. Here, we reviewed common lake health issues and classified them using a simple human health‐based approach to outline that lakes are living systems that are in need of oxygen, clean water and a balanced energy and nutrient supply. The main reason for adopting some of the human health terminology for the lake health classification is to increase the awareness and understanding of global lake health issues. We show that lakes are exposed to various anthropogenic stressors which can result in many lake health issues, ranging from thermal, circulatory, respiratory, nutritional and metabolic issues to infections and poisoning. Of particular concern for human well‐being is the widespread lake drying, which is a severe circulatory issue with many cascading effects on lake health. We estimated that ∼115,000 lakes evaporate twice as much water as they gain from direct precipitation, making them vulnerable to potential drying if inflowing waters follow the drying trend, putting more than 153 million people at risk who live in close vicinity to those lakes. Where lake health issues remain untreated, essential ecosystem services will decline or even vanish, posing a threat to the well‐being of millions of people. We recommend coordinated multisectoral and multidisciplinary prevention and treatment strategies, which need to include a follow‐up of the progress and an assessment of the resilience of lakes to intensifying threats. Priority should be given to implementing sewage water treatment, mitigating climate change, counteracting introductions of non‐native species to lakes and decreasing uncontrolled anthropogenic releases of chemicals into the hydro‐, bio‐, and atmosphere. Plain Language Summary: Lakes around the world come in an array of sizes, shapes and colors, each telling a unique story of geological history and environmental importance. When lakes are healthy they contribute to the achievement of the global sustainable development goals by providing many important ecosystem services. Lakes are, however, not always healthy. Here, it is shown that lakes can suffer from a large variety of health issues, ranging from thermal, circulatory, respiratory, nutritional and metabolic issues to infections and poisoning. Without improved treatment strategies, many of the health issues may become chronic, affecting millions of people who are dependent on the ecosystem services from the lakes. To prevent and cure lakes from critical health conditions, strategies that are similar to those used in human healthcare should be applied: intervention and preventative actions before health problems occur, regular screening and early identification of lake health issues, and remediation and mitigation efforts at an appropriate scale, spanning from local to global. Key Points: Anthropogenic stressors can cause lake health issues that range from thermal, circulatory, respiratory, nutritional and metabolic issues to infections and poisoningLake health varies geographically, with the highest risk of critical conditions occurring in densely populated low‐income countriesThere is an urgent need to follow‐up the progress of treatments and to make adjustments whenever needed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) often coexist. Older age is strongly associated with stroke, HF, and mortality. The association between coexistence of HF and a risk of clinical outcomes and the effectiveness of anticoagulation therapy including direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in elderly patients with AF and HF have not been investigated. We aimed to evaluate 2 years of outcomes and to elucidate the efficacy of DOACs or warfarin in elderly AF patients in the All Nippon AF In the Elderly (ANAFIE) Registry with and without a history of HF. Methods and results: The ANAFIE Registry is a multicentre, prospective observational study following elderly non‐valvular AF patients aged ≥75 years for 2 years. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated based on the presence or absence of an HF diagnosis and DOAC or warfarin use at enrolment. Among 32 275 eligible patients, 12 116 (37.5%) had been diagnosed with HF. Patients with HF had significantly higher rates of HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death (HR 1.94, P < 0.001), cardiovascular events (HR 1.59, P < 0.001), cardiovascular death (HR 1.49, P < 0.001), all‐cause death (HR 1.32, P < 0.001), and net clinical outcome including stroke/systemic embolism, major bleeding, and all‐cause death (HR 1.23, P < 0.001), compared with those without HF; however, HRs for stroke/systemic embolism (HR 0.96, P = 0.56) and major bleeding (HR 1.14, P = 0.13) were similar. DOAC use was associated with a low risk of stroke/systemic embolism (HR 0.86, P = 0.19 in HF; HR 0.79, P = 0.016 in non‐HF; P for interaction = 0.56), major bleeding (HR 0.71, P = 0.008 in HF; HR 0.75, P = 0.016 in non‐HF; P for interaction = 0.74), HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death (HR 0.81, P < 0.001 in HF; HR 0.78, P < 0.001 in non‐HF; P for interaction = 0.26), cardiovascular events (HR 0.83, P < 0.001 in HF; HR 0.82, P = 0.001 in non‐HF; P for interaction = 0.65), cardiovascular death (HR 0.84, P = 0.12 in HF; HR 0.75, P = 0.035 in non‐HF; P for interaction = 0.18), all‐cause death (HR 0.89, P = 0.082 in HF; HR 0.80, P = 0.001 in non‐HF; P for interaction = 0.091), and net clinical outcome (HR 0.88, P = 0.019 in HF; HR 0.81, P < 0.001 in non‐HF; P for interaction = 0.21) compared with warfarin, irrespective of the presence or absence of HF. Analysis using the propensity score matching method showed similar associations. Conclusions: Non‐valvular AF patients aged ≥75 years with a history of HF had higher risks of cardiovascular events and mortality. DOACs were favourable to warfarin regardless of the coexistence of HF. These results might encourage the use of DOACs in elderly patients with non‐valvular AF with or without HF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of this article is to study the possible direct antiviral effect of "Armenikum" on SARS-CoV-2, conduct an in vitro study on the SARS-CoV-2 encephalomocarditis virus, and an in vivo study on the Syrian hamster model. Human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (delta strain) was used as the virus. Two groups of four-specimen hamsters were used to study the therapeutic activity of the drug during 48 h after infecting. One group of hamsters served as positive control and was infected with the virus at a similar dose as experimental one and was used as a control of pathology induced by the viral infection till the end of the experiment. Another group of hamsters (four of them) was injected physiological solution and was used as a control. The Syrian hamsters underwent a clinical blood test and computed tomography. "Armenikum" in the form of an injection has a significant antiviral effect on the human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, credibly reducing the titers of the virus and the time of its elimination from the Syrian hamsters, significantly mitigating the viral infection. "Armenikum" in the form of an injection drug almost completely removes the pathological effect of the virus in the lungs of the hamsters., (© 2024 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.)

Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) offers a novel therapeutic avenue for heart failure patients, particularly those unresponsive to cardiac resynchronization therapy within specific QRS duration ranges. This review elucidates CCM's mechanistic underpinnings, its impact on myocardial function, and utility across patient demographics. However, CCM is limited by insufficient data on mortality and hospitalization rate reductions, as well as the need for specialized device implantation skills. While prevailing research has concentrated on left ventricular effects, a knowledge gap persists for other patient subsets. Future inquiries should address combinatory treatment strategies, extended usage and the impact of atrial fibrillation on device implantation. Such expanded studies could refine therapeutic outcomes and widen the scope of beneficiaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crosslinking thermosets with hyperbranched polymers confers them superior comprehensive performance. However, it still remains a further understanding of polymer crosslinking from the molecular chains to the role of aggregates. In this study, three hyperbranched polysiloxane structures (HBPSi‐R) are synthesized as model macromolecules, each featuring distinct terminal groups (R denotes amino, epoxy, and vinyl groups) while similar molecular backbone (Si‐O‐C). These structures were subsequently copolymerized with epoxy monomers to construct interpenetrating HBPSi‐R/epoxy/anhydride co‐polymer systems. The spatial molecular configuration and flexible Si‐O‐C branches of HBPSi‐R endow them with remarkable reinforcement and toughening effects. Notably, an optimum impact strength of 28.9 kJ mol−1 is achieved with a mere 3% loading of HBPSi‐V, nearly three times that of the native epoxy (12.9 kJ mol−1). By contrasting the terminal effects, the aggregation states and crosslinking modes were proposed, thus clarifying the supramolecular‐dominant aggregation mechanism and covalent‐dominant dispersion mechanism, which influences the resulting material properties. This work underscores the significance of aggregate science in comprehending polymer crosslinking and provides theoretical insights for tailoring material properties at a refined molecular level in the field of polymer science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a collection of abstracts, case studies, and research articles related to various topics in blood transfusion and immunohaematology. The studies cover a range of subjects, including the quality control of fresh frozen plasma, the prevalence of infectious diseases among blood donors, the identification of rare blood types, and the impact of patient blood management practices. The findings from these studies offer valuable insights into improving blood transfusion safety, optimizing donor selection and testing strategies, and enhancing the overall quality of transfusion services. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: The PRECeDe Pilot Trial was designed to determine the feasibility of undertaking a multicentre, randomised controlled trial (RCT) to assess the efficacy of antenatal corticosteroids administration within 7 days before elective caesarean section (CS) in women with pre‐gestational diabetes (PGDM) or gestational diabetes (GDM). Design: Triple blind, parallel group, placebo‐controlled, pilot RCT. Setting: Single‐centre tertiary maternity hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Population: Pregnant women with PGDM (type 1 or type 2 diabetes) or GDM booked for a planned CS scheduled between 35+0 and 38+6 weeks of gestation. Methods: Eligible participants were randomised to receive two injections of either betamethasone 11.4 mg or normal saline placebo, 24 hours apart within 7 days before CS scheduled between 35+0 and 38+6 weeks of gestation. Main Outcome Measure: The proportion of eligible women who consented and were randomised. Trial Registration: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619001475134. Results: Of 537 women eligible, 182 were approached and 47 (26%) were recruited. Of these, 22 were allocated to the betamethasone group and 25 were allocated to the placebo group. There were no serious adverse events related to participation. Conclusion: It is feasible to undertake a triple‐blind, placebo‐controlled RCT investigating the efficacy of antenatal corticosteroids in preventing respiratory morbidity in infants of women with PGDM or GDM who are undergoing an elective CS between 35+0 and 38+6 weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing body of research suggests that scientific and religious beliefs are often held and justified in different ways. In three studies with 707 participants, we examine the distinctive profiles of beliefs in these domains. In Study 1, we find that participants report evidence and explanatory considerations (making sense of things) as dominant reasons for beliefs across domains. However, cuing the religious domain elevates endorsement of nonscientific justifications for belief, such as ethical considerations (e.g., believing it encourages people to be good), affiliation (what loved ones believe), and intuition (what feels true in one's heart). Study 2 replicates these differences with specific scientific and religious beliefs held with equal confidence, and documents further domain differences in beliefs' personal importance, openness to revision, and perceived objectivity. Study 3 replicates these differences, further finding that counter‐consensus beliefs about contentious science topics (such as climate change and vaccination) often have properties resembling religious beliefs, while counter‐religious beliefs about religion (e.g., "There is no God") have properties that more closely resemble beliefs about science. We suggest that beliefs are held and justified within coherent epistemic frameworks, with individuals using different frameworks in different contexts and domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An eco‐friendly and efficient synthesis of pyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones from aromatic sulfonyl hydrazides and mucohalic acids has been developed. This facile strategy is carried out smoothly via the promotion of simple organic acid p‐toluenesulfonic acid, and able to form two C−N bonds and a heterocycle linking a potentially bioactive sulfonyl group at one‐step. The protocol is tolerant to various readily available substrates in good yields, and pyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones as the desired products are key structural fragments of many bioactive compounds. More importantly, the gram‐scale cyclization reaction of aromatic sulfonyl hydrazides and mucohalic acids as a novel approach to pyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones derivatives successfully reveals its practicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most extensive natural plague centers, or foci, is located in Central Asia, in particular, the Zhambyl region in Southern Kazakhstan. Here, we conducted plague surveillance from 2000 to 2020 in the Zhambyl region in Kazakhstan and confirmed 3,072 cases of infected wild animals. We used Species Distribution Modeling by employing MaxEnt, and identified that the natural plague foci are primarily located in the Moiynqum, Betpaqdala, and Tauqum Deserts. The Zhambyl region's central part, including the Moiynqum and Sarysu districts, has a high potential risk of plague outbreak for the rural towns and villages. Since the phenomenon of climate change has been identified as a determinant that affects the rodent populations, thereby elevating the likelihood of an outbreak of plague, we investigated the potential dissemination routes of the disease under the changing climate conditions, thus creating Species Distribution Forecasts for the rodent species in southern part of Kazakhstan for the year 2100. By 2100, in case of increasing temperatures, the range of host species is likely to expand, leading to a higher risk of plague outbreaks. The highest risk of disease transmission can be expected at the outer limits of the modeled total distribution range, where infection rates are high, but antibody presence is low, making many species susceptible to the pathogen. To mitigate the risk of a potential plague outbreak, it is necessary to implement appropriate sanitary‐epidemiological measures and climate mitigation policies. Plain Language Summary: Plague is a serious disease caused by a bacterium called Yersinia pestis, and it is a growing concern for public health. One of the largest natural areas where the disease is found is in Central Asia, particularly in the Zhambyl region and adjacent territories of southern Kazakhstan. The disease is primarily carried by wild rodents, including the great gerbil, Libyan jird, midday jird, and yellow ground squirrel. Between the years 2000 and 2020, we studied the disease in the Zhambyl region and confirmed 3,072 cases of infected wild animals. We used Machine Learning computer models to predict where the rodents carrying the disease are most likely to occur, and we found that the Moiynqum, Betpaqdala, and Tauqum Deserts in the Zhambyl and Almaty regions are particularly high‐risk areas. Climate change is a significant factor that affects the rodent populations, thereby increasing the likelihood of a plague outbreak. The highest risk of disease transmission is expected in the central part of the Zhambyl region, especially at the outer limits of the modeled distribution range, where infection rates are high, but antibody presence is low. To prevent a potential outbreak of plague, it is crucial to take appropriate measures to control the interaction between the local population and rodents and implement sanitary and epidemiological measures. Key Points: The main plague risk in the Zhambyl comes from four rodent species‐the great gerbil, Libyan jird, midday jird, and yellow ground squirrelThe distribution of host species suggests that the Moiynqum, Betpaqdala, and Tauqum areas are the natural focal hotspots for plagueIn different climate scenarios, the distribution range of species with plague risk is expected to expand and move north and east [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When dealing with problems with more than two objectives, sophisticated multi‐objective optimization algorithms might be needed. Pareto optimization, which is based on the concept of dominated and non‐dominated solutions, is the most widely utilized method when comparing solutions within a multi‐objective setting. However, in the context of optimization, where three or more objectives are involved, the effectiveness of Pareto dominance approaches to drive the solutions to convergence is significantly compromised as more and more solutions tend to be non‐dominated by each other. This in turn reduces the selection pressure, especially for algorithms that rely on evolving a population of solutions such as evolutionary algorithms, particle swarm optimization, differential evolution, etc. The size of the non‐dominated set of trade‐off solutions can be quite large, rendering the decision‐making process difficult if not impossible. The size of the non‐dominated solution set increases exponentially with an increase in the number of objectives. This paper aims to expand a framework for coping with many/multi‐objective and multidisciplinary optimization problems through the introduction of a min‐max metric that behaves like a median measure that can locate the center of a data set. We compare this metric to the Chebyshev norm L_∞ metric that behaves like a mean measure in locating the center of a data set. The median metric is introduced in this paper for the first time, and unlike the mean metric is independent of the data normalization method. These metrics advocate balanced, natural, and minimum compromise solutions about all objectives. We also demonstrate and compare the behavior of the two metrics for a Tradespace case study involving more than 1200 CubeSat design alternatives identifying a manageable set of potential solutions for decision‐makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land degradation is one of the most pressing environmental problems of the 21st century particularly due to its impact on global food security and environmental quality through the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Land degradation happens at an accelerated rate and affects regions inhabited by more than one‐third population of the world. This phenomenon resulted in a dramatic reduction in the productivity of cropland and rangeland of world thus threatening the environmental quality and food security. It manifests in various forms such as desertification, soil erosion, sodicity, salinity, heavy metal contamination, pesticide contamination, declining soil fertility, and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The world now has a real chance for the next generation to grow sustainably and eliminate acute food scarcity. Microbes, as vital elements of soil, play an important role in maintaining soil biological properties and fertility. Due to their multifarious biological functions and metabolic uniqueness, microorganisms can fix or solubilize nutrients, add organic matters to the soil to improve its quality. Many of the microorganisms can produce biological compounds or enzymes, which can degrade or scavenge toxic substances from the soils. In this review, we have discussed in detail how diverse microorganisms can help to restore different types of degraded lands. The limitations in application of microorganisms in restoration of soil health and possible scopes to improve the applicability have also been discussed here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, underutilized Himalayan natural fiber Grewia Optiva fiber of different lengths was used as reinforcement material. The Taguchi method was applied for the optimization of fiber length, fiber weight percentage, and fiber orientation for epoxy‐based Grewia Optiva fiber reinforced composite. The influences of fiber weight percentage at four levels (10–35 wt%), fiber length at four levels (3–45 mm), and fiber orientation at two levels (unidirectional and random to the loading axis) on the mode I fracture toughness was investigated using L16 orthogonal arrays. It was found that the optimum conditions are 30 wt% of fiber, 45 mm fiber length, and fiber orientated normal to the loading axis. The mode‐I fracture toughness at optimum condition was found as 2.122 ± 0.094 MPam. The tensile, flexural, and impact strength corresponding to optimum fiber, and composite processing conditions are 336.32%, 136.93%, and 308.28% higher as compared to pure epoxy. Scanning electron micrographs of the fractured surfaces indicate good bonding of fiber and matrix and show the major fracture mechanisms such as fiber pull‐out and fiber‐matrix debonding. The fiber breaking and matrix cracking are found as a minimum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decline phenomena of shrub species such as Quercus coccifera and Retama raetam have occurred throughout Tunisian forests since 2012. These evergreen shrubs have long been regarded for their medicinal and ecological interests. Therefore, their preservation as valuable forest resources is of great interest. However, information regarding aetiology of this disease is still scarce. Hence, the aim of this study was to identify and characterize the causal agents associated with disease symptoms in two Tunisian forests. Thirty‐eight isolates were obtained from symptomatic Q. coccifera and R. raetam twigs. Morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene cluster and partial sequence of the translation elongation factor 1‐alpha gene (tef1‐α) allowed the identification of three Diplodia species namely Diplodia africana, D. seriata and D. pseudoseriata. Our findings revealed that the incidence of Diplodia species was significantly correlated to the altitude, the temperature and the rainfall. Pathogenicity test showed that all Diplodia isolates are pathogenic. However, D. africana revealed to be the most aggressive species toward R. raetam. These findings were the first record of D. seriata as fungal pathogen associated with Q. coccifera dieback and D. pseudoseriata and D. africana on R. raetam in Tunisia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a worldwide issue that eventually leads to end‐stage renal failure, with limited therapeutic options. Prior research has revealed that gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have a substantial antidiabetic impact. In addition, sodium‐glucose cotransporter2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, including dapagliflozin (DAPA), had renoprotective impact on DN. Therefore, this research attempted to determine the potential AuNPs and DAPA impacts in ameliorating experimentally DN induction and the underlying mechanisms focusing on miR‐192 and miR‐21, correlating them with autophagy, apoptosis, fibrosis, and oxidative stress. Diabetes induction was through a single intraperitoneal streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) injection, and rats with diabetes received AuNPs (2.5 mg/kg/day) as well as DAPA (2 mg/kg/day) for 7 weeks as a treatment. AuNPs and DAPA treatment for 7 weeks substantially alleviated DN. AuNPs and DAPA significantly increased catalase (CAT) activity as well as serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), along with a substantial decline in malondialdehyde (MDA). AuNPs and DAPA treatment alleviated renal fibrosis as they decreased transforming growth factorß1(TGF‐ß1) as well as matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) renal expression, decreased apoptosis through alleviating the proapoptotic gene (caspase‐3) renal expression and increased the antiapoptotic gene (Bcl‐2) renal expression, and increased autophagy as they increased LC‐3 as well as Beclin‐1 renal expression. Autophagy activation, inhibition of apoptosis, and renal fibrosis could be due to their inhibitory impact on miR‐192 and miR‐21 renal expression. AuNPs and DAPA have a protective effect on DN in rats by targeting miR‐192 and miR‐21 and their downstream pathways, including fibrosis, apoptosis, autophagy, and oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Duloxetine, a selective reuptake inhibitor for serotonin and norepinephrine, is a medication widely used for major depression. Currently, duloxetine is also recommended for pain related to chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy or cancer. Previously, we showed that transforming growth factor‐α (TGF‐α) induces the migration of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)‐derived HuH7 cells through the activation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and AKT. In the present study, we investigate whether duloxetine affects cell migration and its mechanism. Duloxetine significantly enhanced the TGF‐α‐induced migration of HuH7 cells. Fluvoxamine and sertraline, specific inhibitors of serotonin reuptake, also upregulated the TGF‐α‐induced cell migration. On the contrary, reboxetine, a specific norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, failed to affect cell migration. Duloxetine significantly amplified the TGF‐α‐stimulated phosphorylation of JNK, but not p38 MAPK and AKT. In addition, fluvoxamine and sertraline, but not reboxetine, enhanced the phosphorylation of JNK. SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, suppressed the enhancement by duloxetine, fluvoxamine, or sertraline of TGF‐α‐induced migration of HuH7 cells. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that duloxetine strengthens the TGF‐α‐induced activation of JNK via inhibition of serotonin reuptake in HCC cells, leading to the enhancement of cell migration. Significance statement: Duloxetine, a selective serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is currently used not only as an antidepressant, but also as an analgesic for treating various pain including the pain related to cancer. In this study, we showed for the first time that duloxetine significantly enhanced transforming growth factor‐α‐stimulated activation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase via reuptake inhibition of serotonin but not norepinephrine in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)‐derived HuH7 cells, resulting in amplifying the cell migration. This finding may provide a cautionary note when using duloxetine for patients with HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black phosphorene quantum dots (BPQDs) are most commonly derived from high‐cost black phosphorus, while previous syntheses from the low‐cost red phosphorus (Pred) allotrope are highly oxidised. Herein, we present an intrinsically scalable method to produce high quality BPQDs, by first ball‐milling Pred to create nanocrystalline Pblack and subsequent reductive etching using lithium electride solvated in liquid ammonia. The resultant ~25 nm BPQDs are crystalline with low oxygen content, and spontaneously soluble as individualized monolayers in tertiary amide solvents, as directly imaged by liquid‐phase transmission electron microscopy. This new method presents a scalable route to producing quantities of high quality BPQDs for academic and industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aims to describe both management and prognosis of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF), overall as well as by antidiabetic treatment, and to assess the influence of oral anticoagulation (OAC) on outcomes by DM status. Methods: The study population comprised 52 010 newly diagnosed patients with AF, 11 542 DM and 40 468 non‐DM, enrolled in the GARFIELD‐AF registry. Follow‐up was truncated at 2 years after enrolment. Comparative effectiveness of OAC versus no OAC was assessed by DM status using a propensity score overlap weighting scheme and weights were applied to Cox models. Results: Patients with DM [39.3% oral antidiabetic drug (OAD), 13.4% insulin ± OAD, 47.2% on no antidiabetic drug] had higher risk profile, OAC use, and rates of clinical outcomes compared with patients without DM. OAC use was associated in patients without DM and patients with DM with lower risk of all‐cause mortality [hazard ratio 0.75 (0.69‐0.83), 0.74 (0.64‐0.86), respectively] and stroke/systemic embolism (SE) [0.69 (0.58‐0.83), 0.70 (0.53‐0.93), respectively]. The risk of major bleeding with OAC was similarly increased in patients without DM and those with DM [1.40 (1.14‐1.71), 1.37 (0.99‐1.89), respectively]. Patients with insulin‐requiring DM had a higher risk of all‐cause mortality and stroke/SE [1.91 (1.63‐2.24)], [1.57 (1.06‐2.35), respectively] compared with patients without DM, and experienced significant risk reductions of all‐cause mortality and stroke/SE with OAC [0.73 (0.53‐0.99); 0.50 (0.26‐0.97), respectively]. Conclusions: In both patients with DM and patients without DM with AF, OAC was associated with lower risk of all‐cause mortality and stroke/SE. Patients with insulin‐requiring DM derived significant benefit from OAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hand gesture, one of the essential ways for a human to convey information and express intuitive intention, has a significant degree of differentiation, substantial flexibility, and high robustness of information transmission to make hand gesture recognition (HGR) one of the research hotspots in the fields of human–human and human–computer or human–machine interactions. Noninvasive, on‐body sensors can monitor, track, and recognize hand gestures for various applications such as sign language recognition, rehabilitation, myoelectric control for prosthetic hands and human–machine interface (HMI), and many other applications. This article systematically reviews recent achievements from noninvasive upper‐limb sensing techniques for HGR, multimodal sensing fusion to gain additional user information, and wearable gesture recognition algorithms to obtain more reliable and robust performance. Research challenges, progress, and emerging opportunities for sensor‐based HGR systems are also analyzed to provide perspectives for future research and progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trifluoromethyl group is a powerful structural motif in drugs and polymers; thus, developing trifluoromethylation reactions is an important area of research in organic chemistry. Over the past few decades, significant progress has been made in developing new methods for the trifluoromethylation of organic molecules, ranging from nucleophilic and electrophilic approaches to transition‐metal catalysis, photocatalysis, and electrolytic reactions. While these reactions were initially developed in batch systems, more recent microflow versions are highly attractive for industrial applications owing to their scalability, safety, and time efficiency. In this review, we discuss the current state of microflow trifluoromethylation. Approaches for microflow trifluoromethylation based on different trifluoromethylation reagents are described, including continuous flow, flow photochemical, microfluidic electrochemical reactions, and large‐scale microflow reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Do children consider how others learned when seeking help? Across three experiments, German children (N = 536 3‐to‐8 year olds, 49% female, majority White, tested 2017–2019) preferred to learn from successful active learners selectively by context: They sought help solving a problem from a learner who had independently discovered the solution to a previous problem over those who had learned through instruction or observation, but only when the current problem was novel, yet related, to the learners' problem (Experiment 1). Older, but not younger, children preferred the active learner even when she was offered help (Experiment 2), though only when her discovery was deliberate (Experiment 3). Although a preference to learn from successful active learners emerges early, a genuine appreciation for process beyond outcome increases across childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The majority of women in Sokoto, Nigeria prefer homebirths, but midwives are reluctant to provide care in the home setting. As such, many women continue to give birth at home alone or assisted by untrained attendants, which is associated with an increased risk for maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted among 226 midwives from 10 health care facilities. The intervention group received an educational program on home birth. A validated questionnaire that evaluated knowledge, attitudes, norms, perceived control, and intention to provide planned home birth care was given at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at three‐months follow‐up. Data were analyzed using linear mixed‐effect model statistics. Results: Following the intervention, the intervention group demonstrated higher knowledge and more positive attitudes, norms, perceived control, and intention to provide planned home birth care compared with the control group (P < 0.05). No significant changes in the scores of the control group were observed during the study duration (P > 0.05). Discussion: Educating midwives on planned home birth increases their willingness to provide planned home birth care. Health system administrators, policymakers, and researchers may use similar interventions to promote skilled home birth attendance by midwives. Increasing the number of midwives who are willing to attend planned home births provides women at low risk for medical complications with safer options for labor, delivery, and postpartum care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction to a special section which provides studies on evidence on the instructional design and rigorous evaluation of educational apps on children's learning outcomes is presented including comparative judgments of the design features of the five educational apps evaluated as part of the Global Learning XPRIZE in remote Tanzania, a qualitative comparative analysis of eight educational math apps, and a study of children with reading difficulties in England.

Biofilms are aggregated bacterial communities structured within an extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM controls biofilm architecture and confers mechanical resistance against shear forces. From a physical perspective, biofilms can be described as colloidal gels, where bacterial cells are analogous to colloidal particles distributed in the polymeric ECM. However, the influence of the ECM in altering the cellular packing fraction (ϕ) and the resulting viscoelastic behavior of biofilm remains unexplored. Using biofilms of Pantoea sp. (WT) and its mutant (ΔUDP), the correlation between biofilm structure and its viscoelastic response is investigated. Experiments show that the reduction of exopolysaccharide production in ΔUDP biofilms corresponds with a seven‐fold increase in ϕ, resulting in a colloidal glass‐like structure. Consequently, the rheological signatures become altered, with the WT behaving like a weak gel, whilst the ΔUDP displayed a glass‐like rheological signature. By co‐culturing the two strains, biofilm ϕ is modulated which allows us to explore the structural changes and capture a change in viscoelastic response from a weak to a strong gel, and to a colloidal glass‐like state. The results reveal the role of exopolysaccharide in mediating a structural transition in biofilms and demonstrate a correlation between biofilm structure and viscoelastic response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alcohol drinking is a popular activity among adolescents in many countries, largely due to its pleasant, relaxing effects. As a major concern, ethanol consumption put the drinkers at risk of nutrients' deficiency due to the disordered eating, anorexia, and malabsorption of nutrients. Moreover, alcohol drinking may lead to the development of hangover symptoms including diarrhea, thirsty, fatigue, and oxidative stress. A broad range of functional food components with antioxidant and/or anti‐inflammatory properties including pectin, aloe vera polysaccharides, chito‐oligosaccharides, and other herbal components have been explored due to their detoxification effects against ethanol. The underlying anti‐hangover mechanisms include reducing the intestinal absorption of ethanol or its metabolites, increasing the activity of ethanol metabolizing enzymes, development of fatty acid β‐oxidation in mitochondria, inhibition of inflammatory response, blocking the target receptors of ethanol in the body, and possession of antioxidant activity under the oxidative stress developed by ethanol consumption. Therefore, the development of bioactive food‐based therapeutic formula can assist clinicians and also drinkers in the alleviation of alcohol side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V‐V ECMO) is a lifesaving support modality for severe respiratory failure, but its resource‐intensive nature led to significant controversy surrounding its use during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We report the performance of several ECMO mortality prediction and severity of illness scores at discriminating survival in a large COVID‐19 V‐V ECMO cohort. Methods: We validated ECMOnet, PRESET (PREdiction of Survival on ECMO Therapy‐Score), Roch, SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment), APACHE II (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation), 4C (Coronavirus Clinical Characterisation Consortium), and CURB‐65 (Confusion, Urea nitrogen, Respiratory Rate, Blood Pressure, age >65 years) scores on the ISARIC (International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium) database. We report discrimination via Area Under the Receiver Operative Curve (AUROC) and Area under the Precision Recall Curve (AURPC) and calibration via Brier score. Results: We included 1147 patients and scores were calculated on patients with sufficient variables. ECMO mortality scores had AUROC (0.58–0.62), AUPRC (0.62–0.74), and Brier score (0.286–0.303). Roch score had the highest accuracy (AUROC 0.62), precision (AUPRC 0.74) yet worst calibration (Brier score of 0.3) despite being calculated on the fewest patients (144). Severity of illness scores had AUROC (0.52–0.57), AURPC (0.59–0.64), and Brier Score (0.265–0.471). APACHE II had the highest accuracy (AUROC 0.58), precision (AUPRC 0.64), and best calibration (Brier score 0.26). Conclusion: Within a large international multicenter COVID‐19 cohort, the evaluated ECMO mortality prediction and severity of illness scores demonstrated inconsistent discrimination and calibration highlighting the need for better clinically applicable decision support tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

6- and 7-year children who regarded the number of objects as changing when a set of objects was rearranged were induced to conserve number by a procedure involving experience with reversibility. Another procedure which gave experience with addition and subtraction had no effect. Various factors suggest that the success of the first procedure may have been due to its leading the subjects to stop using misleading perceptual cues. It is argued that recognizing reversibility and not using misleading perceptual cues are both necessary for conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quaternion linear canonical transform (QLCT) has been widely used in color image processing. Biquaternion is a more generalized algebra of quaternion, which has attracted scholars' research interest in recent years. In this paper, a new transform is proposed called the biquaternion linear canonical transforms (BiQLCTs). Due to the noncommutativity of biquaternion algebra multiplication, there are three different types of the BiQLCTs: Left‐sided BiQLCT, right‐sided BiQLCT, and two‐side BiQLCT. The transforms are the extension of the complex linear canonical transforms. Then, the relationships between the three kinds of transforms are obtained. Next, based on the right‐side biquaternion linear canonical transform (RBiQLCT), some general properties of this transform are proved. Moreover, the convolution and correlation theorems of the RBiQLCT are studied. As an application, according to the convolution operator and convolution theorem, the biquaternion linear time‐invariant system is analyzed. Finally, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle for the RBiQLCT is established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analytic signal is a useful mathematical tool. It separates qualitative and quantitative information of a signal in form of the local phase and local amplitude. Clifford Fourier transform (CFT) plays a vital role in the representation of multidimensional signals. By generalizing the CFT to Clifford linear canonical transform (CLCT), we present a new type of Clifford biquaternionic analytic signal. Due to the advantages of more freedom, the envelop detection problems of 3D images, with the help of this new analytic signal, can get a better visual appearance. Synthesis examples are presented to demonstrate these advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biofilms are the chief culprits of most intractable infections and pose great threat to human health. Developing effective strategies to sweep away the detrimental microbe and stubborn biofilm still remains a challenge. Here, an ultrasound (US) activated microbomb is constructed by encapsulating perfluorohexane (PFH) and iron‐tannin modified calcium peroxide (CaO2‐TA‐Fe) in poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) vesicles as the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating reactors for dental biofilm elimination. Upon the US irradiation by ultrasonic toothbrush, the swiftly vaporized PFH can not only promptly explode the PLGA shell to facilitate the generation of H2O2 from CaO2, but also blast the tight biofilm for effective delivery of the lethal hydroxyl free radicals (•OH) caused by degradative Fe3+ from iron‐tannin network, thereby proceeding cascade catalysis eradication of biofilm. As a proof‐of‐concept, this study demonstrates the proposed synergetic paradigm that integrates the US‐triggered explosion with ROS‐induced sterilization for stubborn biofilm elimination, and is a promising tactic for the costly and prevalent caries prevention as well as the biofilm‐associated diseases treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes four‐ring slot resonator‐based MIMO antennas of 75 × 150 mm2 without and with CSRR structures in the sub‐6‐GHz range. These orthogonal‐fed antennas have shown diverse characteristics with dual polarization. L‐shaped parasitic structures have increased the isolation (i.e., >40 dB) in the single‐element antenna over the band of 3.4 GHz–3.8 GHz. A set of three CSRR structures in the MIMO antenna reduced the coupling between antenna ports placed in an inline arrangement and enhanced the isolation from 12 dB to 20 dB and the diversity characteristics. The S‐parameters of both MIMO antennas are measured and used to evaluate MIMO parameters like ECC, TARC, MEG, and channel capacity loss. The simulation results show the variations in the gain and directivity on exciting linear and dual polarizations. The diversity performance of the reported MIMO antennas is suitable for 5G applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electricity consumption is a crucial factor in the environmental pollution process, and therefore, its impact needs to be carefully considered by policymakers. This study investigates the relationship between energy consumption, electricity generation, natural resource utilization, and environmental pollution in BRICS nations, which have a substantial share in global resource consumption. To this end, we employed a novel methodology, namely the Method of Moment Quantile Regression (MMQR), for the time period between 1990 and 2018, within the framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) theory. The study's outcome shows that natural resources and renewable energy are efficacious and significant in curbing environmental degradation among the sample countries. The investigation reveals a positive correlation between electricity consumption and environmental degradation, thereby highlighting this vital resource's role in exacerbating the BRICS nations' ecological footprint. The findings from this research can provide crucial insights for policymakers to achieve sustainable development and carbon neutrality in these countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suppose you assert a proposition p that you falsely believe to be false with the intention to deceive your audience. The standard view has it that you lied. This paper argues against orthodoxy: deceptive lying requires that p be in actual fact false, in addition to your intention to deceive by means of untruthfully asserting that p. We proceed as follows. First, an argument is developed for such falsity condition as the non‐psychological component of lying. The problem with the standard view, we profess, is exactly that lying is a purely psychological relation between disbelief, assertion, and intention. Then, by scrutinising familiar cases, we revisit the alleged intuitive support for the existence of true lies. It turns out these intuitions can be explained away once we reflect on the characteristic deceptive hallmarks that are associated with the distinction between lying and botched attempts at lying. Finally, we examine the morality of lying in the light of said falsity condition. The resultant view emphasises our moral sensitivity to the practical consequences of acts of lying, while still accommodating those moral considerations that pertain exclusively to the psychological components of lying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intestinal tract harbors diverse microorganisms, host‐ and microbiota‐derived metabolites, and potentially harmful dietary antigens. The epithelial barrier separates the mucosa, where diverse immune cells exist, from the lumen to avoid excessive immune reactions against microbes and dietary antigens. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is characterized by a chronic and relapsing disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Although the precise etiology of IBD is still largely unknown, accumulating evidence suggests that IBD is multifactorial, involving host genetics and microbiota. Alterations in the metabolomic profiles and microbial community are features of IBD. Advances in mass spectrometry–based lipidomic technologies enable the identification of changes in the composition of intestinal lipid species in IBD. Because lipids have a wide range of functions, including signal transduction and cell membrane formation, the dysregulation of lipid metabolism drastically affects the physiology of the host and microorganisms. Therefore, a better understanding of the intimate interactions of intestinal lipids with host cells that are implicated in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation might aid in the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for IBD. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the mechanisms by which host and microbial lipids control and maintain intestinal health and diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted much attention due to their excellent safety, cost‐effectiveness, and eco‐friendliness thereby being considered as one of the most promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage. Zn metal anodes with a high gravimetric/volumetric capacity are indispensable for advanced AZIBs. However, pristine Zn metal anodes encounter severe challenges in achieving adequate cycling stability, including dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution reaction, self‐corrosion, and by‐product formation. Because all these reactions are closely related to the electrolyte/Zn interface, the subtle interface engineering is important. Many strategies targeted to the interface engineering have been developed. In this review, a timely update on these strategies and perspectives are summarized, especially focusing on the controllable synthesis of Zn, Zn surface engineering, electrolyte formulation, and separator design. Furthermore, the corresponding internal principles of these strategies are clarified, which is helpful to help seek for new strategies. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for the future development of practical AZIBs are discussed, including the conducting of in advanced in situ testing, unification of battery models, some boundary issues, etc. This review is expected to guide the future development and provi beacon light direction for aqueous zinc ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vascular restenosis after balloon dilation is largely caused by the over‐proliferation of smooth muscle cells, which is triggered and exacerbated by local excessive inflammation and oxidative stress. The excessive inflammatory and oxidative stress cause tissue/cell damage, hamper endothelial functions, and worsen intimal hyperplasia and restenosis. A high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction is regarded as the main culprit. Therefore, efficiently inhibiting ROS over‐production or weightily depleting them is of great significance. Herein, a "ROS‐responsive/scavenging prodrug" is introduced into balloon coating for the treatment of vascular restenosis. A reversible phenylboronic ester‐bearing caffeic acid (CA) macromolecular prodrug (PBC) is designed for the controlled and on‐demand dual‐drug release triggered by the local high ROS level; the released CA and 4‐hydroxybenzyl alcohol exhibit efficient antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects by scavenging ROS, thereby regulating vascular microenvironment and protecting endothelium functions. To accelerate endothelium regeneration, pro‐endothelial microRNA‐126 is further introduced. The ROS‐responsive/scavenging prodrug/miRNA balloon coating efficiently prevents intimal hyperplasia, alleviates local inflammation, and improves endothelium healing in a rat abdominal aorta restenosis model, which may provide applicative perspectives for next‐generation drug‐coated balloons and other cardiovascular diseases treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of the state‐of‐the‐art in short‐term Solar Power Forecasting (SPF) methodologies is presented in this paper. Over the last few years, developing and improving solar forecasting models has been the main focus of researchers, considering the need to efficiently increase their forecasting accuracy. Forecasting models aim to be used as an efficient tool to help with the stability and control of energy systems and electricity markets. Intending to further comprehend the factors affecting the quality of SPF models, this paper focuses on short‐term solar forecasting methodologies since they pose a crucial role in the daily operation and scheduling of power systems, since they focus on forecasting horizons typically ranging from 1 h to 1 day. The reviewed works are classified according to the climatic conditions, technical characteristics, and the forecasting errors of the different methodologies, providing readers with information over various different cases of SPF. Considering the need to improve the SPF efficiency, such classifications allow for important comparative conclusions to be drawn, depending on the location of each case and the meteorological data available. Future directions in the field of short‐term solar power forecasting are proposed considering the increasing development of SPF models' architecture and their field of focus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although promising, the practical use of zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) remains plagued with uncontrollable dendrite growth, parasitic side reactions, and the high intercalation energy of divalent Zn2+ ions. Hence, much work has been conducted to alleviate these issues to maximize the energy density and cyclic life of the cell. In this holistic review, the mechanisms and rationale for the stated challenges shall be summarized, followed by the corresponding strategies employed to mitigate them. Thereafter, a perspective on present research and the outlook of ZIBs would be put forth in hopes to enhance their electrochemical properties in a multipronged approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]