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CTLA-4 polymorphisms in allergy and asthma and the TH1/ TH2 paradigm. Functional CTLA-4 variants associate to both allergic asthma and rhinitis potentially by modulating naïve regulatory T cells A genome-wide linkage study previously indicated the chromosome 2q region containing the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 ( I CTLA-4 i ) gene might be a candidate asthma locus.1 However, prior reports of associations between I CTLA-4 i genetic variants and asthma are conflicting and inconclusive.2-4 This study aimed to determine the role of I CTLA-4 i single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on allergy risk by carrying out genetic association and functional analyses. [Extracted from the article]

Conversely, tissue neutrophil association with LM scores in N-ERD patients suggests that neutrophils contribute to the severity of the polyp burden in N-ERD. Neutrophilic inflammation and epithelial barrier disruption in nasal polyps characterize non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug exacerbated respiratory disease Neutrophil counts were higher in the nasal polyp tissues of N-ERD patients (8.5 cells per hpf (IQR 3-25) vs. 2.5 cells (IQR 2-5) in non-N-ERD ( I p i = .026, Figure 1B). [Extracted from the article]