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If it is not possible to preserve any specimens other than the holotype, a photograph of the holotype should be included in the protologue, so that if the holotype is lost or destroyed, the photograph will be available for designation as the lectotype." Authors should publish the name of a new species or infraspecific taxon not only with a holotype but also with isotype(s) and/or paratype(s). [Extracted from the article]

2018), field numbers, collecting numbers, accession numbers, or specimen identifiers alone do not necessarily denote different gatherings. The number 215 represents the species number rather than the collecting number of Pantling.". [Extracted from the article]

Background: Aggregatibacteractinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), a capnophilic facultative anaerobe, is associated with localized aggressive periodontitis and endocarditis. When grown in broth, the cells begin to die rapidly after overnight growth. The cells also often lose viability on plates within a few days. The aim of this study is to identify the cause of the rapid loss of cell viability. Methods: Cell viabilities, as measured by colony forming units, were determined for cells obtained from isolated colonies and from the dense part of a streak on plates. The effect of pH on cell viability was determined by growing cells in broth at various initial glucose concentrations and with or without added bicarbonate. Results: A. actinomycetemcomitans cells were highly sensitive to even a mildly acidic pH of ~6. Because the bacteria grew at a glucose concentration that is commonly used in many laboratories, there was a dramatic decrease in cell viability as the pH went <6, which happened long before the culture reached saturation. This was easily avoided by using a lower initial glucose concentration, and under these conditions, the addition of bicarbonate to the growth medium was not necessary. Cells resuspended in buffer without nutrients lost viability much faster at pH 6 than at a higher pH. On plates, the cell viability was much higher in isolated colonies than in the dense area of the streak. Conclusions: A. actinomycetemcomitans cells rapidly lost viability at even a mildly acidic pH. The problem was easily rectified by growing cells at a low glucose concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nomenclature of the species currently treated in the genus Decalepis is reviewed. The names Baeolepis nervosa, Decalepis hamiltonii and Pentanura khasiana are lectotypified. The combinations D. khasiana and D. salicifolia are validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An isotype is any duplicate of the holotype irrespective of whether or not it is cited in the protologue or seen by the author(s) of the name. In response to our query, N.J. Turland (pers. comm. 2021) kindly informed us that duplicates of the holotype are isotypes irrespective of whether or not they were cited in the protologue or seen by the author(s) of the name, but this has not been explicitly spelled out in the I Code i (Turland & al. in Regnum Veg. [Extracted from the article]

Small data in materials present significant challenges to constructing highly accurate machine learning models, severely hindering the widespread implementation of data‐driven materials intelligent design. In this study, the Dual‐Strategy Materials Intelligent Design Framework (DSMID) is introduced, which integrates two innovative methods. The Adversarial domain Adaptive Embedding Generative network (AAEG) transfers data between related property datasets, even with only 90 data points, enhancing material composition characterization and improving property prediction. Additionally, to address the challenge of screening and evaluating numerous alloy designs, the Automated Material Screening and Evaluation Pipeline (AMSEP) is implemented. This pipeline utilizes large language models with extensive domain knowledge to efficiently identify promising experimental candidates through self‐retrieval and self‐summarization. Experimental findings demonstrate that this approach effectively identifies and prepares new eutectic High Entropy Alloy (EHEA), notably Al14(CoCrFe)19Ni28, achieving an ultimate tensile strength of 1085 MPa and 24% elongation without heat treatment or extra processing. This demonstrates significantly greater plasticity and equivalent strength compared to the typical as‐cast eutectic HEA AlCoCrFeNi2.1. The DSMID framework, combining AAEG and AMSEP, addresses the challenges of small data modeling and extensive candidate screening, contributing to cost reduction and enhanced efficiency of material design. This framework offers a promising avenue for intelligent material design, particularly in scenarios constrained by limited data availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study provides a comprehensive analysis of the population structure (length–frequency distributions), growth pattern (length–weight relationships [LWRs] and length–length relationships), physiological condition factors (allometric [KA], Fulton's [KF] and relative [KR]), relative weight (WR) and form factor (a3.0) of Chanda nama. A total of 1200 specimens were collected from the Old Brahmaputra River, northeastern Bangladesh, for 12 months by traditional fishing gear, including seine net and cast net. The total length (TL) of several individuals varied from 2.3 to 7.2 cm. The highest percentage contributed to the population's 4.0–4.5‐cm‐sized group. The LWRs indicated a positive allometric growth pattern (b > 3.0). Fulton's condition factor significantly correlated with TL and body weight (p < 0.0001). The calculated WR ranged from 67.38 to 137.64. No significant variations from 100 were found using the Wilcoxon rank test (p = 0.034), suggesting that C. nama might live there in a balanced predator–prey environment. Furthermore, the measured value for the form factor (a3.0) was 0.0105. In addition, fish with a TL of 7–8 cm should be caught since they are in good condition and have enough meat. The study's findings will greatly contribute to the efficient and enduring management of C. nama in the Old Brahmaputra River and its adjacent ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Orbital decompression is recommended for TED especially in the treatment of severe, refractory cases yet there are no clear guidelines regarding the optimal surgical approach. Previously conducted surveys assessed variations in the management of TED but only amongst ophthalmologists. Our study attempts to better characterize surgical and perioperative preferences amongst otolaryngologists in the management of TED. Methods: A survey was administered to the American Rhinologic Society and Canadian Society of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery via REDCap with 52 total respondents. Respondent demographic information and pre‐operative management, procedural specifics, and post‐operative management preferences were collected. Results: The majority of respondents practiced in a metropolitan (82.7%), academic setting (73.1%) and received subspecialty training in Rhinology & Skull Base Surgery (88.9%). Most elected for corticosteroids (63.5%) and medical management (69.2%) prior to orbital decompression but did not use any classification system (86.5%). Orbital decompression was most often done with ophthalmology collaboration (71.2%). Removal of two bony walls (55.8%) via medial wall (97.9%) and orbital floor (72.3%) removal was most preferred. Removal of one orbital fat aspect (60.6%) via the medial fat pad was most preferred. Combined bone and fat removal (59.6%) completed via an endoscopic approach (71.2% and 97.0%, respectively) was most common. Post‐operatively, most patients were not admitted (88.4%) with saline nasal rinses (92.3%) utilized by most respondents. Conclusions: This survey completed by otolaryngologists highlights several key distinctions in the preferred surgical approach during orbital decompression and the perioperative management of TED when compared to ophthalmologists and current recommendations. Level of evidence: Level 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A lectotype is selected for Chrysobaphus roxburghii Wall. (= Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl.) using a specimen from WU. Specimens from the Wallichian Catalogue (Numer. List), cited as types for C. roxburghii in some recent publications, are determined as not original material for the name. The only other original element known is a Rumphius illustration, t. 41. fig. 3 (miscited as t. 51 fig. 3 in the protologue). The Rumphius illustration is not a good choice for lectotype becasue its identity is ambiguous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the Internet of Things (IoT) advances, low‐cost, intelligently networked wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are being developed and deployed at cloud edge locations to enable new Internet‐based services. However, energy consumption in these networked smart sensors is a significant concern. This work focuses on using an ultra‐wideband (UWB) multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna sensor printed on optically transparent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material to reduce energy consumption in WSN nodes. The antenna sensor structure consists of two rectangular‐shaped printed monopole antenna elements (AEs) and four PIN diodes used for switching purpose. A narrow strip is also integrated in the AE to notch WLAN band. The antenna sensor operates in a variety of modes, achieved by varying the ON/OFF states of PIN diodes. The frequency range covered by the antenna is 3.2–11 GHz when all four PIN diodes are turned ON. The overall measurements of the suggested antenna are 31 mm × 31 mm × 1.5 mm. It performs well in terms of diversity, with a minimum isolation of 20.7 dB over the whole operating band. The outcomes of the simulation and the measurements agree fairly well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Squalene is a natural triterpenoid and a biosynthetic precursor of steroids and hopanoids in microorganisms, plants, humans, and other animals. Squalene has exceptional properties, such as its antioxidant activity, a high penetrability of the skin, and the ability to trigger the immune system, promoting its application in the cosmetic, sustenance, and pharmaceutical industries. Because sharks are the primary source of squalene, there is a need to identify low‐cost, environment friendly, and sustainable alternatives for producing squalene commercially. This shift has prompted scientists to apply biotechnological advances to research microorganisms for synthesizing squalene. This review summarizes recent metabolic and bioprocess engineering strategies in various microorganisms for the biotechnological production of this valuable molecule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature pertaining to herbaria, plant collections and holotype specimen.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring has recently been an important indicator of cardiac health diagnosis. In the past, ECG could be measured under limited conditions in hospitals with 12‐lead electrode systems. Recently, portable and wearable devices have offered continuous, real‐time monitoring of ECG signals in real life. However, developing wearable ECG sensors that provide low‐motion artifacts and high‐quality signals during exercise conditions is still challenging. Herein, this review reports a systematic summary of the key characteristics, properties, and requirements of flexible wearable ECG devices for the early diagnosis of heart dysfunction in dynamic motions, including exercise. In addition, the recent progress in controlling sensor adhesion and novel materials for designing dry electrodes are discussed to improve ECG signal quality in exercise. Finally, various aspects of electrode developmental challenges and limitations are reviewed, and research directions for future studies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sequence of events associated with the triggering of energy release during substorm expansion phase onset is still not well‐understood. Oberhagemann and Mann (2020b, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gl085271) proposed a new substorm onset mechanism, where the transition toward parallel proton pressure anisotropy during tail stretching in the late growth phase could trigger a pressure anisotropic ballooning instability. Here we examine the evolution of energetic proton parallel pressure anisotropy at geosynchronous altitudes, seeking evidence in support of the proposed substorm onset mechanism. We use the Geostationary Operational Environment Satellite (GOES) proton flux and magnetometer data combined with substorm onset indicators derived from ground‐based magnetometers. Superposed epoch analysis of substorm onset times for 2014 using the isolated substorm list (Ohtani & Gjerloev, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020ja027902) clearly shows signatures of energetic proton parallel pressure anisotropy immediately before substorm onset, potentially supportive of the Oberhagemann and Mann theory. Plain Language Summary: Substorms are disturbances in the nightside region of the geospace associated with the rapid release of stored magnetic energy. In the ionosphere, the signatures of this energy release are the spectacular dancing lights known as aurorae (northern and southern lights). The processes that lead to energy storage are well‐known. However, there are competing theories on what triggers the release of this significant amount of energy at substorm onset. According to a new substorm onset theory proposed by Oberhagemann and Mann, when the magnetic field stretches in the nightside during the energy storage, the pressure becomes more parallel to the magnetic field, leading to a ballooning instability at substorm onset. Here, we look for observational support for the association of such pressure profile at geosynchronous altitudes with substorm onset to examine the proposed model. Superposed epoch analysis of isolated substorms in 2014 shows increasing energetic proton parallel pressure anisotropy at the onset, providing evidence to support the Oberhagemann and Mann theory. Key Points: Oberhagemann and Mann theory proposes that proton parallel temperature anisotropy triggers ballooning instability leading to substorm onsetWe use pitch angle resolved energetic proton fluxes at geosynchronous altitudes seeking observational evidence in support of the modelSuperposed epoch analysis of isolated substorms shows signatures of increasing energetic proton parallel anisotropy which peaks near onset [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the proposals concerning addition of recommendation and examples to the Rec.D46 of the International Code of Nomenclature (ICN). Topics discussed include the unambiguous standard forms for authors of names of organisms provided by the Index Fungorum and the International Plant Names Index. It suggests a recommendation which allows authors publishing nomenclatural novelties and changing their personal names should continue to use the name under which they first published.

Silk fibroin (SF), a natural protein derived from silkworms, has emerged as a promising biomaterial due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, degradation rate, and tunable mechanical properties. This review delves into the intrinsic attributes of SF that make it an attractive candidate for scaffold development in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The distinctiveness of this comprehensive review resides in its detailed exploration of recent advancements in the fabrication techniques of SF‐based fibrous scaffolds, namely electrospinning, freeze‐drying, and 3D printing. An in‐depth analysis of these fabrication techniques is conducted to illustrate their versatility in customizing essential scaffold characteristics, such as porosity, fiber diameter, and mechanical strength. The article meticulously discusses process parameters, advantages, and challenges of each fabrication technique, highlighting the innovative advancements made in the respective field. Furthermore, the review goes beyond fabrication techniques to provide an overview of the latest biomedical applications and research endeavors utilizing SF‐derived scaffolds. From nerve regeneration and wound healing to drug delivery, bone regeneration, and vascular tissue engineering, the diverse applications underscore the versatility of SF in adopting various biomedical challenges. Finally, the article emphasizes the need for standardized characterization techniques, scalable manufacturing processes, and long‐term in vivo studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Fluorine‐18‐fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) is routinely used for presurgical evaluation in many epilepsy centers. Hypometabolic characteristics have been extensively examined in prior studies, but the metabolic patterns associated with specific pathological types of drug‐resistant epilepsy remain to be fully defined. This study was developed to explore the relationship between metabolic patterns or characteristics and surgical outcomes in type I and II focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) patients based on results from a large cohort. Methods: Data from individuals who underwent epilepsy surgery from 2014 to 2019 with a follow‐up duration of over 3 years and a pathological classification of type I or II FCD in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Hypometabolic patterns were quantitatively identified via statistical parametric mapping (SPM) and qualitatively analyzed via visual examination of PET‐MRI co‐registration images. Univariate analyses were used to explore the relationship between metabolic patterns and surgical outcomes. Results: In total, this study included data from 210 patients. Following SPM calculations, four hypometabolic patterns were defined including unilobar, multi‐lobar, and remote patterns as well as cases where no pattern was evident. In type II FCD patients, the unilobar pattern was associated with the best surgical outcomes (p = 0.014). In visual analysis, single gyrus (p = 0.032) and Clear‐cut hypometabolism edge (p = 0.040) patterns exhibited better surgery outcomes in the type II FCD group. Conclusions: PET metabolic patterns are well‐correlated with the prognosis of type II FCD patients. However, similar correlations were not observed in type I FCD, potentially owing to the complex distribution of the epileptogenic region. Plain Language Summary: In this study, we demonstrated that FDG‐PET was a crucial examination for patients with FCD, which was a common cause of epilepsy. We compared the surgical prognosis for patients with different hypometabolism distribution patterns and found that clear and focal abnormal region in PET was correlated with good surgical outcome in type II FCD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amyloid‐β peptide (Aβ) oligomers, characteristic symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD), have been identified as the most neurotoxic species and significant contributors to neurodegeneration in AD. However, due to their transient and heterogeneous nature, the high‐resolution structures and exact pathogenic processes of Aβ oligomers are currently unknown. Using light‐controlled molecular tweezers (LMTs), we describe a method for precisely capturing specific Aβ oligomers produced from synthetic Aβ and AD animal models. Light irradiation can activate LMTs, which are composed of two Aβ‐targeting pentapeptides (KLVFF) motifs and a rigid azobenzene (azo) derivative, to form a tweezer‐like cis configuration that preferentially binds to specific oligomers matching the space of the tweezers via multivalent interactions of KLVFF motifs with the oligomers. Surprisingly, cis‐LMTs can immobilize the captured oligomers in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans under light irradiation. The LMTs may serve as spatiotemporally controllable molecular tools to extract specific native oligomers for the structure and function studies via reversible photoisomerization, which would improve the understanding of the toxic mechanisms of Aβ oligomers and development of oligomer‐targeted diagnosis and therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature pertaining to herbaria, plant collections and cultures of microorganisms.

The article discusses proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature pertaining to publication.

The article discusses a proposal to include a recommendation to electronically publish all nomenclature, which was submitted to the XVIII International Botanical Congress.

Performance appraisal requires interactions between managers and employees and as such can be highly sensitive to differences in cultural values. This can be challenging when multinational enterprises (MNEs) are active across different institutional contexts, particularly when operating in the culturally complex Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. In this qualitative study, we apply institutional theory to explore how performance appraisal practices are implemented and internalized in MNE subsidiaries in the MENA region through manager–employee interactions. A total of 117 interviews were conducted with different headquarter and subsidiary stakeholders (managers and employees) of four French MNEs operating in Lebanon and Tunisia. The findings indicate that, during implementation, performance appraisal criteria, evaluation, and feedback were adapted based on socio‐cultural values to achieve internalization. Such values include the emotional relationship between managers and employees, the fear of losing face, high power distance, the desire to avoid confrontation, and high‐context communication. Insights for future research are presented regarding the viability of MNEs operating in the MENA region implementing corporate performance appraisal practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs), specifically Te‐doped SnO2 NPs, using a simple and economical co‐precipitation technique has been thoroughly described in this work. NH3 served as the reducing agent in this procedure, whilst polyethylene glycol served as the capping agent. The primary goals of our work were to investigate the physicochemical properties of the synthesized SnO2 NPs and assess their potential use as antibacterial agents and photocatalysts. Scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X‐ray, ultraviolet light, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and other analytical techniques were used to thoroughly analyze the NPs. Based on the full width at half maximum of the most noticeable peaks in the XRD spectrum, the Debye–Scherrer equation was used to calculate the crystallite sizes, which indicated the presence of a single tetragonal SnO2 phase. Particularly noteworthy was the exceptional photocatalytic activity of graphene‐assisted Te‐doped SnO2 NPs, achieving an impressive decomposition efficiency of up to 98% in the photo‐oxidation of methylene blue. Furthermore, our investigation delved into the antibacterial attributes of the synthesized SnO2 NPs against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, demonstrating inhibitory effects on both bacteria strains. This suggests potential applications for these NPs in various environmental and medical contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silk fibroin (SF) is an interesting biomaterials with intriguing mechanical, optical, piezoelectric, and biocompatible properties. The present study reports the first magnetic experiments to show that organic radicals in the building blocks of SF induce permanent magnetization in these materials. A saturation magnetization of 2.8 × 10−3 emu g−1 and non‐zero remnant magnetization of 2.2 × 10−4 emu g−1 with a coercive field of 65 Oe is observed in multiple SFs. Tightly bound β‐sheets of polyglycine‐alanine motifs provides sufficient steric hinderance to organic radicals and protects them from attack of reactive species. Moreover, it also shows that silk's ferromagnetic character can be enhanced by simple mechanical stretching and heating. This work demonstrates a new paradigm of magnetic proteins and opens a route toward the biomimetic discovery of iron‐free magnetic proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, Nb element is introduced into the AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high‐entropy alloy to create a heterogeneous structure. AlCoCrFeNi2.1Nbx (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5) eutectic high‐entropy alloys (HEAs) are fabricated using selective laser melting technology. The forming characteristics, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the AlCoCrFeNi2.1Nbx eutectic HEAs are investigated. The results show that the relative density of the samples increase and then decrease. The optimal process parameters are determined as laser power of 50 W, scanning speed of 400 mm s−1, scanning spacing of 70 μm, and layer thickness of 30 μm. The primary microstructure of AlCoCrFeNi2.1Nbx alloys (x > 0) consists of a hypoeutectic structure comprising body‐centered cubic, face‐centered cubic, and Fe2Nb‐type Laves phases. With the addition of Nb element, the hardness of the high‐entropy alloy increases from 600.6 to 774 HV, the yield strength increases from 664.1 to 1091.9 MPa, while the ductility slightly decreases. Furthermore, the strengthening mechanisms of the alloy are attributed to the precipitation strengthening and solid solution strengthening of the Laves phase, as well as the grain refinement effect. The wear resistance of the alloy improves gradually with the increasing Nb content, and AlCoCrFeNi2.1Nb0.5 exhibits the best wear resistance, primarily through adhesive wear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monoterpenoids, a sub‐class of terpenoids, are secondary metabolites frequently extracted from the essential oils of aromatic plants. Their antitumor properties including antiproliferative, apoptotic, antiangiogenic, and antimetastatic effects along with other biological activities have been the subject of extensive study due to their diverse characteristics. In recent years, numerous investigations have been conducted to understand its potential anticancer impacts, specifically focusing on antiproliferative and apoptotic mechanisms. Metastasis, a malignancy hallmark, can exert either protective or destructive influences on tumor cells. Despite this, the potential antimetastatic and antiangiogenic attributes of monoterpenoids need further exploration. This review focuses on specific monoterpenoids, examining their effects on metastasis and relevant signaling pathways. The monoterpenoids exhibit a high level of complexity as natural products that regulate metastatic proteins through various signaling pathways, including phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin, mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase/jun N‐terminal kinase, nuclear factor kappa B, vascular endothelial growth factor, and epithelial mesenchymal transition process. Additionally, this review delves into the biosynthesis and classification of monoterpenoids, their potential antitumor impacts on cell lines, the plant sources of monoterpenoids, and the current status of limited clinical trials investigating their efficacy against cancer. Moreover, monoterpenoids depict promising potential in preventing cancer metastasis, however, inadequate clinical trials limit their drug usage. State‐of‐the‐art techniques and technologies are being employed to overcome the challenges of utilizing monoterpenoids as an anticancer agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pursuit of synthetic receptors with high binding affinities has long been a central focus in supramolecular chemistry, driven by their significant practical relevance in various fields. Despite the numerous synthetic receptors that have been developed, most exhibit binding affinities in the micromolar range or lower. Only a few exceptional receptors achieve binding affinities exceeding 109 M−1, and their substrate scopes remain rather limited. In this context, we introduce SC[5]A, a conjugated corral‐shaped macrocycle functionalized with ten sulfate groups. Owing to its deep one‐dimensional confined hydrophobic cavity and multiple sulfate groups, SC[5]A displays an extraordinarily high binding strength of up to 1011 M−1 towards several size‐matched, rod‐shaped organic dications in water. Besides, its conformation exhibits good adaptability, allowing it to encapsulate a wide range of other guests with diverse molecular sizes, shapes, and functionalities, exhibiting relatively strong affinities (Ka=106–108 M−1). Additionally, we've explored the preliminary application of SC[5]A in alleviating blood coagulation induced by hexadimethrine bromide in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the combination of ultrahigh binding affinities (towards complementary guests) and adaptive recognition capability (towards a wide range of functional guests) of SC[5]A positions it as exceptionally valuable for numerous practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of I2/CAN has emerged as a mild and powerful reagent for the oxidative Csp3‐Csp2 cleavage of 3,3′‐bis‐7‐azaindolylmethane to provide a quantitative combined yield of 3‐formyl and 3‐iodo‐7‐azaindole in a one‐pot reaction at RT. A plausible mechanism and characterization, including XRD, has been described. The synthetic transformations of title compounds were explored by reduction, Click, reductive amination, and Suzuki coupling reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enhancement of immunotherapy is an emerging direction to develop highly effective and practical cancer therapeutic methods. Here a triply enhanced immunotherapy drug (TEID) is designed for ingeniously integrating in situ dual glycan reforming with perforation on cell membrane. The TEID is composed of galactose and neuraminidase conjugated streptolysin O (SLO‐Gal and SLO‐NEU), which are encapsulated in a hyaluronic acid (HA) shell for targeted recognition to tumor tissue via cell surface CD44. After targeted delivery and HAase‐mediated degradation in the tumor region, the TEID releases SLO‐Gal and SLO‐NEU, which can easily anchor Gal and NEU on the tumor cell membrane via the perforation of SLO to perform dual glycan reforming for the introduction of Gal and the cleavage of sialic acid. The former can activate immune cells to secret cytokines for immune‐killing, and the latter can weaken the immune inhibition to improve the immunotherapeutic efficacy. Meanwhile, the perforation of SLO can promote the delivery of cytokines into the tumor cells to further enhance the efficacy. The designed triply enhanced immunotherapy strategy opens a significant and promising route to promote clinical immunotherapy of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The uniaxial tensile and cupping tests of cobalt‐chromium‐iron‐manganese‐nickel high entropy alloy were performed to investigate the effect of solid soluted carbon addition on the strengthening mechanism. The results revealed that at 0.5 at % carbon, the tensile strength, uniform elongation, and cupping strength of the sample were promoted. However, the brittleness fracture appeared by further increasing carbon to 1.0 at %, as caused by the carbides along grain boundary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]