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Configuration determination, cytotoxicity, natural products, structure elucidation, total synthesis The escaping fish are illustrating the feeding deterrence property of aplysiol B. More information can be found in the Communication by Keisuke Nishikawa, Yoshiki Morimoto et al. GLO:BDBM/03jan22:asia202101276-toc-0001.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): . gl GLO:BDBM/03jan22:asia202101276-toc-0001.jpg PHOTO (COLOR): . gl Keywords: configuration determination; cytotoxicity; natural products; structure elucidation; total synthesis EN configuration determination cytotoxicity natural products structure elucidation total synthesis 1 1 1 01/05/22 20220103 NES 220103 B Total assignments of stereostructures b of marine cytotoxic bromotriterpenoids, aplysiol B (laurenmariannol) and saiyacenol A derived from a sea hare or red alga, have been accomplished through their asymmetric syntheses from the known epoxide to elucidate their ambiguous stereostructures. [Extracted from the article]

There are marine cytotoxic bromotriterpenoids, named the thyrsiferol family that are structurally characterized by some tetrahydropyran (THP) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) rings. The thyrsiferol family belongs to natural products that are often difficult to determine their stereostructures even by the current, highly advanced spectroscopic methods, especially in acyclic systems including stereogenic tetrasubstituted carbon centers. In such cases, it is effective to predict and synthesize the possible stereostructures. Herein, to elucidate ambiguous stereostructures and unassigned absolute configurations of aplysiol B, laurenmariannol, and saiyacenol A, members of the thyrsiferol family, we carried out their asymmetric chemical syntheses featuring 6‐exo and 5‐exo oxacyclizations of epoxy alcohol precursors and 6‐endo bromoetherification of a bishomoallylic alcohol. In this paper, we report total assignments of their stereostructures through their asymmetric chemical syntheses and also their preliminary cytotoxic activities against some tumor cells. These results could not have been achieved without depending on asymmetric total synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feroniellin analogs isolated from Feroniella lucida possess a furanocoumarin skeleton connected to monoterpenic five‐ to seven‐membered ethereal rings by an ether linkage and exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities. In this contribution, we intended to establish a "ring‐size‐divergent" synthetic strategy for the monoterpenic five‐ to seven‐membered ethereal rings through the chemical sythesis of feroniellins. The short and comprehensive synthesis of feroniellins was achieved in only two steps from easily available bergamottin based on the "ring‐size‐divergent" strategy. In addition, these syntheses resulted in revision of the proposed structures for feroniellins A and B and the determination of all the absolute configurations of feroniellins; their preliminary anti‐inflammatory activities were investigated as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a Japanese folk medicine, Tithonia diversifolia is used for cardiovascular disease prevention and health maintenance. We isolated T. diversifolia‐derived orizabin based on the nitric oxide production inhibitory effect. This study aimed to consider orizabin as a novel functional compound with anti‐atherosclerotic activity. Orizabin significantly inhibited the adhesion of THP‐1 cells to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and suppressed the mRNA expression of adhesion molecules in HUVECs. In Phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate stimulated THP‐1 cells, orizabin suppressed macrophage differentiation, CD36 expression (1% at 10 μM), and NFκB transcriptional activity. Furthermore, orizabin suppressed oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL) uptake in macrophages and the Akt phosphorylation. On the contrary, we revealed that phosphatidylinositol‐3,4,5‐trisphosphate 3‐phosphatase (PTEN) mRNA and protein expression were promoted significantly by orizabin (mRNA, 270‐fold at 10 μM). Our study presented the possibility that T. diversifolia‐derived orizabin is novel anti‐atherosclerotic compound via the suppression of Akt phosphorylation, and T. diversifolia may be effective as a new crop for vascular health maintenance. Practical applications: In this study, the differentiation of monocytes was suppressed without any toxicity, it was obvious in the image, and the oxLDL uptake in monocytes was clearly suppressed by orizabin. Our findings presented that T. diversifolia‐derived compound orizabin specifically contributes to the promotion of PTEN expression and suppression of Akt signal in cells, and acts to suppress inflammation by suppression of NFκB transcriptional activity. As a component derived from food, it has a strong function and can be used to maintain the health for blood vessels. It is also a finding that deserves to expand production currently being carried out on a small scale. Furthermore, the promoting effect of PTEN known as a cancer suppressor in orizabin may result in further use for pharmaceuticals research. Orizabin can be safely used as a food‐derived compound for maintaining human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights from the article: Titelbild: Critical Switching of Cyclization Modes of Polyepoxides in Acidic Aqueous Media and Neutral Water: Synthesis and Revised Structure of a Nerolidol-Type Sesquiterpenoid (Angew. Im Titelbild steht eine Schienenweiche für diesen divergierenden Verlauf der Polyepoxid-Cyclisierung, wobei der rechte Waggon die THP-Bildung beim Erhitzen in neutralem Wasser darstellt. Eine Alkyl-MOF-basierte Methan-Nanofalle mit gegenüberliegenden offenen Metallzentren und dichten Alkylgruppen wird von S. Ma, Z. Niu et al. in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 10244 vorgestellt.

Biomimetic epoxide‐opening cascades of polyepoxides enable the efficient and rapid construction of polyether frameworks. Herein, we show that the epoxide‐opening cascade cyclization that affords tetrahydrofuran products in acidic aqueous media produces tetrahydropyran (THP) in neutral water. THP formation proceeded by simply heating polyepoxides in neutral water and followed a different cyclization mode from those observed so far. The novel cascade cyclization in H2O was applied to the synthesis of a new nerolidol‐type sesquiterpenoid, resulting in revision of the proposed structure and determination of the absolute configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomimetic epoxide‐opening cascades of polyepoxides enable the efficient and rapid construction of polyether frameworks. Herein, we show that the epoxide‐opening cascade cyclization that affords tetrahydrofuran products in acidic aqueous media produces tetrahydropyran (THP) in neutral water. THP formation proceeded by simply heating polyepoxides in neutral water and followed a different cyclization mode from those observed so far. The novel cascade cyclization in H2O was applied to the synthesis of a new nerolidol‐type sesquiterpenoid, resulting in revision of the proposed structure and determination of the absolute configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enantioselective total syntheses of lepadiformine marine alkaloids, azatricyclic natural products isolated from marine tunicates, were completed. These alkaloids have a unique chemical structure characterized by the trans-1-azadecalin (AB ring system) fused with the spirocyclic ring (AC ring system). Here we found that a cycloisomerization reaction from functionalized linear substrates to a 1-azaspiro[4.5]decane framework corresponding to the AC ring in lepadiformines is promoted by a catalytic amount of mercury(II) triflate (Hg(OTf)2). The total syntheses of (−)-lepadiformines A and B were achieved in 28 % and 21 % overall yields, respectively, through the novel cycloisomerization reaction. The syntheses of (+)- and (−)-lepadiformine C hydrochloride salts also enabled us to determine the absolute configuration of natural lepadiformine C. It has been found that a phenomenon of enantiodivergence occurs in lepadiformine alkaloids from a single species of marine tunicate, Clavelina moluccensis. The cytotoxic activities of synthesized lepadiformine hydrochloride salts and their synthetic intermediates were evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]