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Cross‐electrophile coupling (XEC) between aryl halides and alkyl halides is a streamlined approach for C(sp2)−C(sp3) bond construction, which is highly valuable in medicinal chemistry. Based on a key NiII aryl amido intermediate, we developed a highly selective and scalable Ni‐catalyzed electrochemical XEC reaction between (hetero)aryl halides and primary and secondary alkyl halides. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies indicate that an amine secondary ligand slows down the oxidative addition process of the Ni‐polypyridine catalyst to the aryl bromide and a NiII aryl amido intermediate is formed in situ during the reaction process. The relatively slow oxidative addition is beneficial for enhancing the selectivity of the XEC reaction. The NiII aryl amido intermediate stabilizes the NiII–aryl species to prevent the aryl–aryl homo‐coupling side reactions and acts as a catalyst to activate the alkyl bromide substrates. This electrosynthesis system provides a facile, practical, and scalable platform for the formation of (hetero)aryl–alkyl bonds using standard Ni catalysts under mild conditions. The mechanistic insights from this work could serve as a great foundation for future studies on Ni‐catalyzed cross‐couplings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stimuli‐responsive luminescent materials have attracted much research attention due to their wide application potential in various fields. Typically, the family of hydrated double perovskite A2MIIIX5·H2O shows unique emission color transformation between hydrated and dehydrated complexes, highlighting the application potential in advanced anti‐counterfeiting. Herein, two zero‐dimensional perovskites of Cs2YbCl5·H2O and Cs3YbCl6, are reported and broad‐band self‐trapped exciton recombination emission can be realized via external Sb3+ doping. Intriguingly, the Cs2YbCl5·H2O can be transformed to the dehydrated counterpart of Cs3YbCl6 through a facile methanol treatment at room temperature, leading to the emission color transformation from yellow to green. Notably, the green‐emissive Cs3YbCl6:Sb3+ delivers a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 67.3%. Leveraging the advantages of obvious methanol‐induced emission color transformation between Cs2YbCl5·H2O and Cs3YbCl6 at room temperature, Cs2YbCl5·H2O can be used in the field of high‐security‐level anti‐counterfeiting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serological detection of syphilis‐specific antibodies is the most widely used clinical method for diagnosing syphilis. However, the current methods in clinical practice are too diverse, complicating result interpretation and wasting medical resources. To meet the resultant demand for a simple fast naked‐eye detection method, we employed the bacterial cell‐binding domain (CBD) of bacteriophage lysin to functionalize bio‐microparticles (engineered non‐culturable red‐colored Staphylococcus aureus bacteria), forming a bioprobe that can detect the syphilis‐specific antibodies from human serum in 5 min with naked eyes. Specifically, CBD is bioengineered by fusion with one of three antigens of the syphilis‐causing bacteria Treponema pallidum separately. The three resulting fusion proteins bind to the bacteria surface through the CBD motif, generating a bioprobe with the antigens exposed. When the bioprobe is added to the serum samples collected from the syphilis patients, the syphilis‐specific antibodies bind the antigens on the bioprobes and cross‐link them, forming eye‐visible red aggregates for the naked‐eye antibody detection. The bioprobe was validated on 209 clinical samples, revealing its high clinical sensitivity and specificity. Exploiting the natural biorecognition between the bacteria‐specific phage‐derived species and the phage host bacteria represents a promising strategy for producing facile probes for rapid point‐of‐care testing of infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic scintillators are praised for their abundant element reserves, facile preparation procedures, and rich structures. However, the weak X‐ray attenuation ability and low exciton utilization efficiency result in unsatisfactory scintillation performance. Herein, a new family of highly efficient organic phosphonium halide salts with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) are designed by innovatively adopting quaternary phosphonium as the electron acceptor, while dimethylamine group and halide anions (I−) serve as the electron donor. The prepared butyl(2‐[2‐(dimethylamino)phenyl]phenyl)diphenylphosphonium iodide (C4‐I) exhibits bright blue emission and an ultra‐high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 100 %. Efficient charge transfer is realized through the unique n‐π and anion‐π stacking in solid‐state C4‐I. Photophysical studies of C4‐I suggest that the incorporation of I accounts for high intersystem crossing rate (kISC) and reverse intersystem crossing rate (kRISC), suppressing the intrinsic prompt fluorescence and enabling near‐pure TADF emission at room temperature. Benefitting from the large Stokes shift, high PLQY, efficient exciton utilization, and remarkable X‐ray attenuation ability endowed by I, C4‐I delivers an outstanding light yield of 80721 photons/MeV and a low limit of detection (LoD) of 22.79 nGy ⋅ s−1. This work would provide a rational design concept and open up an appealing road for developing efficient organic scintillators with tunable emission, strong X‐ray attenuation ability, and excellent scintillator performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of large‐area transparent organic‐inorganic hybrid metal halide (OIMH) scintillation screens is restricted by the anisotropic single‐crystal growth, numerous grain boundaries in polycrystalline wafers, and inhomogeneous dispersion in perovskite‐polymer composite films. The crystal‐glass phase transition of OIMH materials may provide a promising solution for the above significant challenges. Herein, a new class of transparent amorphous guanidinium‐based manganese bromide glasses, (DPG)2MnBr4 and (DOTG)2MnBr4 (DPG = 1,3‐diphenylguanidinium, DOTG = 1,3‐di‐o‐tolylguanidinium), are synthesized through a low‐temperature melt‐quenching process. The (DOTG)2MnBr4 shows impressive glass‐forming ability because of large viscosity (η) at the melting temperature (Tm) (η(Tm) = 3426 mPa·s) and small fragility index (m = 52.35), which can be a potential glass scintillator. The large‐area (e.g., 13 cm × 13 cm) transparent amorphous (DOTG)2MnBr4 glass scintillator shows high light transmittance of > 80%, a low detection limit of 237.3 nGy s−1 and high X‐ray imaging spatial resolution of 12 lp mm−1. Interestingly, the glass transition temperature of < 40 °C gives (DOTG)2MnBr4 glass unique thermoplastic properties, allowing it to conform to irregularly shaped objects and reduce the distortion in X‐ray imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cross‐electrophile coupling (XEC) between aryl halides and alkyl halides is a streamlined approach for C(sp2)−C(sp3) bond construction, which is highly valuable in medicinal chemistry. Based on a key NiII aryl amido intermediate, we developed a highly selective and scalable Ni‐catalyzed electrochemical XEC reaction between (hetero)aryl halides and primary and secondary alkyl halides. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies indicate that an amine secondary ligand slows down the oxidative addition process of the Ni‐polypyridine catalyst to the aryl bromide and a NiII aryl amido intermediate is formed in situ during the reaction process. The relatively slow oxidative addition is beneficial for enhancing the selectivity of the XEC reaction. The NiII aryl amido intermediate stabilizes the NiII–aryl species to prevent the aryl–aryl homo‐coupling side reactions and acts as a catalyst to activate the alkyl bromide substrates. This electrosynthesis system provides a facile, practical, and scalable platform for the formation of (hetero)aryl–alkyl bonds using standard Ni catalysts under mild conditions. The mechanistic insights from this work could serve as a great foundation for future studies on Ni‐catalyzed cross‐couplings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we propose a new approach for inverse modeling of hydraulic tomography (HT) using the Fourier neural operator (FNO) as a surrogate forward model. FNO is a deep learning model that directly parameterizes the integral kernel in Fourier space to learn solution operators for parametric partial differential equations (PDEs). We trained a highly accurate FNO to learn the solution operators of PDEs in HT, which can efficiently generate multiple channels of hydraulic head fields corresponding to specific pumping tests in new parameter fields through a single forward pass. The trained FNO surrogate model is integrated with the reduced geostatistical approach (RGA) to provide a powerful tool, named RGA‐FNO, for inverse modeling of Gaussian random fields. RGA utilizes principal components to effectively reduce problem dimensions and encode geostatistical information. FNO benefits from deep learning automatic differentiation, enabling efficient backpropagation of gradients during inverse modeling. Our results show that RGA‐FNO can efficiently produce satisfactory estimations for random transmissivity fields with an exponential covariance function, which is non‐differentiable and visually non‐smooth. The RGA‐FNO application on steady‐state multi‐well HT is better than the single‐well transient pumping test for inverse modeling. The data required for inverse modeling applications of RGA‐FNO increases with the variance of the random transmissivity fields. FNO and other neural operator models have the potential to play an important role in groundwater modeling, especially in inverse modeling and experimental design, which often requires a large number of forward simulations. Key Points: RGA‐FNO integrates the reduced geostatistical approach (RGA) with a Fourier neural operator (FNO) surrogate modelA highly accurate FNO was trained to learn the solution operators of PDEs in hydraulic tomography, generating multiple hydraulic head dataRGA‐FNO can efficiently produce satisfactory estimations for random transmissivity fields with high‐rank, small‐scale heterogeneities [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paired redox‐neutral electrolysis offers an attractive green platform for organic synthesis by avoiding sacrificial oxidants and reductants. Carboxylates are non‐toxic, stable, inexpensive, and widely available, making them ideal nucleophiles for C−C cross‐coupling reactions. Here, we report the electro/Ni dual‐catalyzed redox‐neutral decarboxylative C(sp3)−C(sp2) cross‐coupling reactions of pristine carboxylates with aryl bromides. At a cathode, a NiII(Ar)(Br) intermediate is formed through the activation of Ar−Br bond by a NiI‐bipyridine catalyst and subsequent reduction. At an anode, the carboxylates, including amino acid, benzyl carboxylic acid, and 2‐phenoxy propionic acid, undergo oxidative decarboxylation to form carbon‐based free radicals. The combination of NiII(Ar)(Br) intermediate and carbon radical results in the formation of C(sp3)−C(sp2) cross‐coupling products. The adaptation of this electrosynthesis method to flow synthesis and valuable molecule synthesis was demonstrated. The reaction mechanism was systematically studied through electrochemical voltammetry and density functional theory (DFT) computational studies. The relationships between the electrochemical properties of carboxylates and the reaction selectivity were revealed. The electro/Ni dual‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions described herein expand the chemical space of paired electrochemical C(sp3)−C(sp2) cross‐coupling and represent a promising method for the construction of the C(sp3)−C(sp2) bonds because of the ubiquitous carboxylate nucleophiles and the innate scalability and flexibility of electrochemical flow‐synthesis technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel programmed hybrid spreading spectrum modulation method to mitigate electromagnetic interference (EMI) emission and bearing current in the context of miniaturised and lightweight synchronous machine drives is proposed. The proposed method adopts the combination of conventional pulsewidth modulation (PWM) and low common mode voltage PWM. The offline look‐up table for switching frequency is acquired by analysing the root mean square voltage values at different modulation indices and angles. By adjusting the switching frequency according to this table, the spectrum can be spread into the sidebands of the switching frequency, and the harmonic spike can be suppressed. To address the challenge of increased current ripple and harmonic distortion in high torque density motors under overload conditions, a motor model that considers the cross‐saturation and slotting effect is presented. This motor model is used to derive the switching frequency correction factors, aiming to mitigate the influence of saturation and slotting effect on harmonic amplification. The proposed method is well‐suited for controlling synchronous motors using three‐phase two‐level voltage source inverters. The simulation and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, showcasing its advantages in terms of computational complexity reduction and significant attenuation of peak EMI currents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current mainstream planar X‐ray imaging techniques face significant challenges for accurately capturing the internal structure of curved objects, since the variable distances between the curved objects and the flat‐panel scintillation screen cannot eliminate the distortion in X‐ray imaging. Though large‐area and transparent curved scintillation screens are much more desirable. Here, organic–inorganic hybrid Mn‐based single crystals ([CH3Ph3P]2MnX4, X = Cl, Br, I) exhibiting high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and low melting temperature have been employed to prepare transparent glass for X‐ray scintillation imaging application through a low‐temperature melting strategy. The [CH3Ph3P]2MnBr4‐glass shows high PLQY (47.8%), high‐resolution X‐ray imaging performance (12.3 lp mm−1), low limit of detection (25.33 nGy s−1), and impressive X‐ray irradiation stability (102 Gy). Furthermore, high‐contrast X‐ray imaging at a low dose (6.865 µGy per exposure, 14.5 times lower than the chest radiograph) is achieved. Based on the low glass transition temperature (Tg = 53.6 °C) and easy‐shapeable properties of [CH3Ph3P]2MnBr4‐glass scintillator, the large‐area curved scintillation screen with a series of sizes of Φ 2×4 – Φ 8×4 cm2 can be easily fabricated and show high X‐ray imaging quality. These findings provide a paradigm for future research in shapeable X‐ray scintillators, unlocking new possibilities for curved and 3D X‐ray imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of Papaveraceae, Corydalis sunhangii, in the section Trachycarpae, is described and illustrated from Nyingchi City, Xizang, China. The new species has some resemblance to Corydalis kingdonis, but differs by radical leaves prominent, usually several, blade tripinnate (vs. insignificant, few, blade bi‐ to triternate); cauline leaf usually one, much smaller than radical leaves, usually situated in lower half of stem (vs. usually two, larger than radical leaves, concentrated in upper third of stem); racemes densely 13–35‐flowered (vs. rather lax, 4–11‐flowered); claw of lower petal shallowly saccate (vs. very prominently and deeply saccate); capsule oblong, with raised lines of dense papillae (vs. broadly obovoid, smooth). Phylogenetic analysis, based on 68 protein‐coding plastid genes of 49 samples, shows that C. sunhangii is not closely related to any hitherto described species, which is consistent with our morphological analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) is an active area of research because of its wide application in 3D displays and anti‐counterfeiting. However, it is not trivial to obtain a high asymmetry factor for highly efficient CPELs. Herein, a highly efficient CPEL is demonstrated with a superior asymmetry factor by using a chiral phosphine‐oxide‐passivated perovskite film as an emitter. An in situ‐formed perovskite nanocrystalline (NC) film is obtained by passivation of the chiral phosphine oxide. The as‐formed film exhibits much‐enhanced photoluminescence compared with the pristine film. More importantly, the NC film exhibits excellent chiral photoluminescence with a luminescence dissymmetry factor glum as high as 5.6 × 10−3. Electrically driven light‐emitting diodes based on the NC film exhibited superior device performance with a maximum brightness of 18,783 cd m−2 and a peak external quantum efficiency of 3.6%. More encouragingly, an unprecedented electroluminescence asymmetry factor gEL of up to 0.18 is achieved because of the chiral lattice distortion of the perovskite, which is the state‐of‐the‐art among hybrid materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single‐source white‐light emitters are highlighted with stable color and excellent color rendering ability, which can largely simplify the white‐light‐emitting‐diode (WLED) structure. All‐inorganic and lead‐free double perovskites have attracted extensive research interest and provide versatile doping sites to accommodate the extrinsic multi‐valent ions. Herein, the synthesis and tunable emission of Sb3+–Ln3+‐codoped Cs2NaYCl6 single crystals (SCs) is reported. Particularly, bright white‐light emission with a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 80.5% is yielded in 0.5%Sb3+–2%Tb3+–2%Sm3+‐codoped Cs2NaYCl6 SCs. Steady‐state photoluminescence (PL) and time‐resolved PL spectra are employed to reveal the energy transfer from Sb3+‐induced self‐trapped excitons to Ln3+ ions. Temperature‐dependent PL spectra further demonstrate that the fluorescence intensity ratio of band 657 to band 590 nm is highly dependent on the temperature, and the relative sensitivity reaches a maximum of up to 1.59% K−1 at 260 K. Moreover, the WLED based on 0.5%Sb3+‐2%Tb3+‐2%Sm3+‐codoped Cs2NaYCl6 SCs delivers a higher average color rendering index of 87 than 0.5%Sb3+‐0.8%Tb3+‐2.5%Ho3+‐codoped Cs2NaYCl6 (74.6). The outstanding white‐light‐emission performance together with the high temperature dependence of the fluorescence spectra confers Sb3+–Ln3+‐codoped Cs2NaYCl6 with huge application potential in solid‐state lighting and ratiometric optical thermometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive investigations have been conducted regarding the potential correlation between blood type and the immune system, as well as cancer risk in the Southern Chinese population. However, the prognostic value of the blood group and its genetic determinants in the context of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment remains unclear. Therefore, the associations between the ABO blood group and its single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were examined in relation to ICI treatment outcomes in 370 eligible patients with cancer. This approach allowed us to derive the blood group from the SNPs responsible for blood group determination. In the discovery cohort (N = 168), antigen A carriers (blood types A and AB) exhibited an extended progression‐free survival (PFS; hazard ratio (HR) = 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.34–0.98). The association results from the SNP‐derived blood were consistent with those from the measured blood group. In the validation cohort (N = 202), Cox regression analysis revealed that the antigen A carriers (rs507666 AA+GA genotype carriers) experienced significantly extended PFS compared with the non‐antigen A carriers (HR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.40–0.93). Therefore, a longer PFS was observed in antigen A carriers (P value = 0.003, HR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.44–0.84). Furthermore, haplotype 2 carriers (rs507666 GA and rs659104 GG) demonstrated both extended PFS and improved overall survival. Notably, the presence of antigen A was not associated with the occurrence of overall immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) or organ‐specific toxicity. In summary, our findings revealed that antigen A carriers did not experience a higher incidence of irAEs while exhibiting better immunotherapy efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a comprehensive investigation of wellbore storage effects and non‐Darcy flow in pumping well systems using a multiphysics numerical model. The model incorporates the Reynolds‐averaged Navier‐Stokes equations coupled with a moving free surface to simulate the flow field and drawdown in the wellbore. Hydraulic behavior of the system, including well and aquifer drawdown, pumped water ratio, aquifer flow nonlinearity, and wellbore flow field, is analyzed and compared with simplified 1‐D models. This study highlights the presence of a vortex in the wellbore flow field induced by large Reynolds number and the uneven stress distribution at the screen. This vortex influences the wellbore drawdown and introduces 2‐D flow in the surrounding aquifer, which further contributes to the longer travel paths for groundwater particles and increased hydraulic pressure consumption. The results show that non‐Darcy flow, coupled with wellbore storage effects, leads to higher drawdown in the pumping well compared to Darcy flow cases. The aquifer drawdown exhibits a similar temporal pattern but with decreasing deviation at larger distances due to the cone of depression. The pumped water ratio indicates the challenge of supplying outflow at the intake from aquifer storage, with nonlinear flow resulting in a smaller ratio compared to linear cases. A nonlinearity ratio is defined to illustrate the expansion of nonlinear flow regions over time, their convergence to a predictable quasi‐steady‐state shape, which is influenced by the Forchheimer parameter, and the gradual transition to Darcy flow away from the wellbore. Plain Language Summary: This study focuses on understanding the behavior of water flow in pumping wells considering two important factors: wellbore storage and non‐Darcy flow. Wellbore storage refers to the amount of water stored inside the well, while non‐Darcy flow describes the flow behavior in the surrounding aquifer. Using a computer model, the researchers found that as pumping continues, the areas of nonlinear flow expand and eventually settle into a stable pattern. This transition from nonlinear flow to a more predictable behavior is influenced by the properties of the aquifer. The study also revealed that the presence of wellbore storage and the flow patterns near the well have a significant impact on the overall hydraulic performance. These findings have practical implications for improving the design and operation of pumping wells. Key Points: This study investigates the combined effects of wellbore storage and non‐Darcy flow in pumping well systems using a multiphysics modelThe findings reveal the expansion of nonlinear flow regions, transition to a quasi‐steady‐state, and the gradual shift toward Darcy flowThe study highlights the formation of vortices and 2D flow near the wellbore, which affect flow paths and hydraulic pressure consumption [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inverse modeling of hydraulic tomography (HT) is computationally expensive for estimating high‐dimensional hydrogeologic parameter fields. In this work, we develop a novel method called HT‐INV‐NN, which combines dimensionality reduction techniques with a predictive deep learning (DL) model to estimate high‐dimensional Gaussian and non‐Gaussian channel fields. The HT‐INV‐NN model consists of a predictor that directly learns the inverse process from hydraulic head measurements to latent variables of random fields, and a decoder that generates high‐dimensional parameter fields from predicted latent variables. For Gaussian spatially correlated fields, the decoder utilizes principal components derived from spatial covariance, and for non‐Gaussian channel fields, a generative adversarial network (GAN) is trained using generated realizations based on a training image (TI). The predictor is a deep neural network calibrated using the reference data obtained from HT forward simulations, which can be implemented in parallel. HT‐INV‐NN is successfully tested in multiple numerical experiments including steady‐state and transient HT for estimating Gaussian fields in 2D and 3D, as well as binary discontinuous or continuous non‐Gaussian channel fields. The training process is efficient, and the model structure demonstrates robustness for input data with perturbations. The model performance on multiple validation data sets are satisfactory when compared with other numerical and deep learning methods. Plain Language Summary: This study introduces an innovative approach for solving complex groundwater flow problems. In hydraulic tomography, we aim to estimate hydraulic properties of underground aquifers by analyzing water pressure measurements from wells. Traditionally, this process involves computationally intensive simulations and optimization techniques. We propose a predictive deep learning model called HT‐INV‐NN, which directly predicts the unknown hydraulic properties using machine learning algorithms. This eliminates the need for time‐consuming simulations and optimization, making the inverse modeling process much more efficient. We conducted a series of numerical experiments using both Gaussian and non‐Gaussian fields to evaluate the performance of our model. The results demonstrate that HT‐INV‐NN achieves high accuracy in estimating the hydraulic properties, even in challenging scenarios with complex channel patterns and varying smoothness levels. Our findings highlight the effectiveness and versatility of HT‐INV‐NN in handling different geostatistical variations and field characteristics. By leveraging the power of predictive deep learning, our approach offers a faster and more accurate solution to inverse modeling in hydraulic tomography. This has significant implications for groundwater management, environmental monitoring, and decision‐making processes. Overall, our study presents a promising advancement in hydraulic tomography and contributes to the growing body of research on predictive modeling using deep learning techniques. Key Points: HT‐INV‐NN integrates dimensionality reduction and predictive deep learning for high‐dimensional hydraulic tomography inverse modelingThe predictor is a deep neural network that learns the inverse process directly from hydraulic head measurements to latent variables of random fieldsThe decoder utilizes Principal Component Decomposition for Gaussian fields and trains a generative adversarial network for binary continuous and discontinuous non‐Gaussian channel fields [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scintillators, which can convert high‐energy ionizing radiation (e.g., X‐ or γ‐rays) into ultraviolet‐visible light, have been widely applied in medical and industrial fields. Developing new scintillation materials with high performance and low cost is very desirable in order to address the growing application demands. Among them, single‐crystal scintillators of organic‐inorganic hybrid metal halides (OIMHs) have attracted much attention because of their excellent optical transparency, suppressed light scattering, and facile solution preparation methods. Herein, three new centimeter‐sized (2‐DMAP)2MnX4 (2‐DMAP+ = 2‐dimethylaminopyridinium, X = Cl, Br, I) single crystals with high crystal quality are synthesized via the solvent evaporation method. Benefiting from the high optical transparency and remarkable luminescence property, (2‐DMAP)2MnBr4 delivers a high X‐ray light yield of 22 000 photons MeV−1, a low limit of detection of 9.50 nGy s−1, and an excellent X‐ray imaging spatial resolution of 20–25 lp mm−1. Moreover, the regulation of single‐crystal thickness from 0.31 mm to 3.03 mm can be easily achieved via a simple solution post‐treatment method, which has a significant influence on the transmittance, spatial imaging resolution, and detection limit. This work demonstrates a promising single‐crystal scintillator for the application of high‐resolution X‐ray imaging with low preparation cost and tunable thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a spectrum of electric field–induced microstructural evolution phenomena are observed in polycrystalline Bi2O3‐doped ZnO, and the underlying mechanisms are revealed. An applied electric field can drive the migration of bismuth (Bi) toward the negative electrode (including the motion of the charge‐neutral Bi‐rich liquid phase via electrochemical coupling), which produces a Bi‐free zone near the anode. The field‐induced migration of Bi creates a junction between electron‐conducting ZnO and ion‐conducting Bi2O3‐doped ZnO (via Bi2O3‐enriched liquid‐like intergranular films [IGFs]), where an oxygen ion current is converted to an electron current while generating O2 gas, generating a porosity belt. Aberration‐corrected electron microscopy further reveals the formation of three distinct types of grain boundaries (GBs). "Clean" ZnO GBs are observed near the anode, where Bi is depleted by the electric field. Bi2O3‐enriched liquid‐like IGFs (disordered GBs) are observed in the middle section. Near the cathode, electrochemical reduction induces an GB disorder–order transition to form fast‐moving Bi2O3‐enriched ordered GBs, which causes abnormal grain growth. Herein, several new field–matter interaction phenomena are discovered and an exemplar of field effects on microstructural evolution are established at multiple length scales in the presence of GB complexion (phase‐like) transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) behaviors in metal halide perovskite and perovskite derivatives are rarely reported due to the absence of suitable TADF molecules that can serve as the A‐site cations. Herein, a series of novel donor‐π‐acceptor type of molecules are developed by adopting substituted phosphine and phosphonium as the electron donor and acceptor linked by the polarized π‐spacer. The prepared ((diphenylphosphaneyl)phenyl)diphenylphosphonium‐X (BzDPP‐X, X = counterions: Cl−, Br−, I−, NO3−, CH3COO− etc.) salts show bright emission in the visible range with TADF characteristics due to the strong intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). Benefiting from the spatially separated highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, small singlet‐triplet energy splitting (ΔEST) is obtained, facilitating the reverse intersystem crossing process. It turns out that the emission of BzDPP‐X is dependent on the counter anions, and the counterions help to stabilize the ICT state. Intriguingly, the emission can be tuned by integrating metal‐halide units into the above phosphonium salt. Remarkably, the zinc‐based halide exhibits a higher photoluminescence quantum yield (36.2%) than the pure benzyl(2‐(diphenylphosphaneyl)phenyl)diphenylphosphonium bromide (26.9%). This work exemplifies an easy design concept and a facile synthetic method toward ionic luminescent materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common causes of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). However, only limited information is available regarding its seasonality and its relationship with birth month. A retrospective hospital‐based study was carried out from June 2009 to May 2019 in Chongqing, southwest of China. LRTI cases under 5 years were enrolled in this study and PCR was used to detect 8 respiratory viruses. RSV seasonality was determined using "average annual percentage" (AAP) and "percent positivity" method. A total of 6991 cases were enrolled in this study, with an RSV positivity of 34.5%. From June 2009 to May 2019, we analyzed RSV epidemic season during 10 RSV epidemic years in Chongqing using two methods. The result of AAP method was similar to that of percent positivity method with a 30% threshold, which showed an epidemic season of roughly October to March in the subsequent year, with a small peak in June. On average, the RSV epidemic season in RSV‐A dominant years typically started earlier (week 42 for RSV‐A vs. week 46 for RSV‐B), ended earlier (week 12 for RSV‐A vs. week 14 for RSV‐B), lasted longer (24 weeks for RSV‐A vs. 22 weeks for RSV‐B), and reached its peak earlier (week 2 for RSV‐A vs. week 3 for RSV‐B) than in RSV‐B dominant years. The proportion of severe LRTI was higher in cases of single infection with RSV‐A compared to those of single infection with RSV‐B (26.3% vs. 22.3%, p = 0.024). Among infants under 1 year, those born in May and August through December were more likely to be infected with RSV. Infants born 1–2 months before the epidemic season were relatively more susceptible to RSV infection. In Chongqing, the RSV epidemic was seasonal and usually lasted from October to March of next year with a small peak in summer. Infants born 1–2 months before the epidemic season were relatively more susceptible to RSV infection and this population should be targeted while developing RSV immunization strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd‐DTPA) is commonly used for enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging, but rarely causes serious adverse reactions. The patient presented in this report had a cardiac arrest and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome within a short time after administration of Gd‐DTPA. Immediately after receiving an intravenous injection of Gd‐DTPA, the patient felt nausea and chest tightness, and developed systemic erythema. He was successfully treated using veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) combined with continuous renal replacement therapy without any serious complications or neurological deficits. We report a patient who was successfully treated for Gd‐DTPA‐induced cardiac arrest with ECMO. Thus, ECMO may be an effective treatment for cardiac arrest secondary to anaphylaxis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the diagnostic value and clinical significance of nucleoporin 107 (NUP107) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and explore the possible mechanisms. Methods: The transcriptomic and clinical data of HCC patients were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GEO databases. Tissue specimens were collected from HCC patients in the Guangxi area. According to the expression levels and prognostic characteristics of NUP107, ROC curves and nomogram models were constructed using the R package. Results: NUP107 was highly expressed in 26 human cancers including HCC, and was associated with advanced HCC staging and worse prognosis. NUP107 showed satisfactory ability to predict the prognosis of HCC patients (AUC >0.8). Results of gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) further showed that NUP107 was mainly associated with cell cycle‐related pathways such as the cell cycle, DNA replication, G2M checkpoint, E2F target, and mitotic spindle. In addition, NUP107 was also associated with immune infiltration in HCC and showed significant positive correlation with immune checkpoints (PD‐L1 and TIM‐3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferrocyanide, such as K4[Fe(CN)6], is one of the most popular cathode electrolyte (catholyte) materials in redox flow batteries. However, its chemical stability in alkaline redox flow batteries is debated. Mechanistic understandings at the molecular level are necessary to elucidate the cycling stability of K4[Fe(CN)6] and its oxidized state (K3[Fe(CN)6]) based electrolytes and guide their proper use in flow batteries for energy storage. Herein, a suite of battery tests and spectroscopic studies are presented to understand the chemical stability of K4[Fe(CN)6] and its charged state, K3[Fe(CN)6], at a variety of conditions. In a strong alkaline solution (pH 14), it is found that the balanced K4[Fe(CN)6]/K3[Fe(CN)6] half‐cell experiences a fast capacity decay under dark conditions. The studies reveal that the chemical reduction of K3[Fe(CN)6] by a graphite electrode leads to the charge imbalance in the half‐cell cycling and is the major cause of the observed capacity decay. In addition, at pH 14, K3[Fe(CN)6] undergoes a slow CN‐/OH‐ exchange reaction. The dissociated CN‐ ligand can chemically reduce K3[Fe(CN)6] to K4[Fe(CN)6] and it is converted to cyanate (OCN‐) and further, decomposes into CO32‐ and NH3. Ultimately, the irreversible chemical conversion of CN‐ to OCN‐ leads to the irreversible decomposition of K4/K3[Fe(CN)6] at pH 14. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent development in tau‐sensitive tracers has sparkled significant interest in tracking tauopathies using positron emission tomography (PET) biomarkers. However, the ability of 18F‐florzolotau PET imaging to topographically characterize tau pathology in corticobasal syndrome (CBS) remains unclear. Further, the question as to whether disease‐level differences exist with other neurodegenerative tauopathies is still unanswered. Objective: To analyze the topographical patterns of tau pathology in the living brains of patients with CBS using 18F‐florzolotau PET imaging and to examine whether differences with other tauopathies exist. Methods: 18F‐florzolotau PET imaging was performed in 20 consecutive patients with CBS, 20 cognitively healthy controls (HCs), 20 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 16 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy–Richardson's syndrome (PSP‐RS). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of β‐amyloid biomarkers were quantified in all patients with CBS. 18F‐florzolotau uptake was quantitatively assessed using standardized uptake value ratios. Results: Of the 20 patients with CBS, 19 (95%) were negative for CSF biomarkers of amyloid pathology; of them, three had negative 18F‐florzolotau PET findings. Compared with HCs, patients with CBS showed increased 18F‐florzolotau signals in both cortical and subcortical regions. In addition, patients with CBS were characterized by higher tracer retentions in subcortical regions compared with those with AD and showed a trend toward higher signals in cortical areas compared with PSP‐RS. An asymmetric pattern of 18F‐florzolotau uptake was associated with an asymmetry of motor severity in patients with CBS. Conclusions: In vivo 18F‐florzolotau PET imaging holds promise for distinguishing CBS in the spectrum of neurodegenerative tauopathies. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore the formation and composition–structure–property correlations of transparent Ca–Al–Si–O–N glasses, which were prepared by a standard melt‐quenching technique using AlN as the nitrogen source and incorporating up to 8 at.% of N. Their measured physical properties of density, molar volume, compactness, refractive index, and hardness—along with the Young, shear, and bulk elastic moduli—depended roughly linearly on the N content. These effects are attributed primarily to the improved glass‐network cross‐linking from N compared to O, rather than the formation of higher‐coordination AlO5 and AlO6 groups, where 27Al magic‐angle‐spinning nuclear magnetic resonance experimentation revealed that aluminum is predominately present in tetrahedral coordination as AlO4 units. Yet, several physical properties, such as the refractive index along with the bulk, shear, and Young's elastic moduli, increase concomitantly with the Al content of the glass. We discuss the incompletely understood mechanical–property boosting role of Al as observed both herein and in previous reports on oxynitride glasses, moreover suggesting glass‐composition domains that are likely to offer optimal mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glass is a group of materials with appealing qualities, including simplicity in fabrication, durability, and high transparency, and they play a crucial role in the optics field. In this paper, a new organic–inorganic metal halide luminescent glass exhibiting >78 % transmittance at 506–800 nm range together with a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 28.5 % is reported through a low‐temperature melt‐quenching approach of pre‐synthesized (HTPP)2MnBr4 (HTPP=hexyltriphenylphosphonium) single crystal. Temperature‐dependent X‐ray diffraction, polarizing microscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations were combined to investigate the glass‐crystal interconversion process, revealing the disordered nature of the glassy state. Benefiting from the transparent nature, (HTPP)2MnBr4 glass yields an outstanding spatial resolution of 10 lp mm−1 for X‐ray imaging. The superb optical properties and facility of large‐scale fabrication distinguish the organic–inorganic metal halide glass as a highly promising class of materials for optical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) have received increasing attention as an emergent battery technology for grid‐scale renewable energy storage. However, physicochemical properties of redox‐active organic electrolytes remain fine refinement to maximize their performance in RFBs. Herein, we report a carboxylate functionalized viologen derivative, N,N′‐dibutyrate‐4,4′‐bipyridinium, (CBu)2V, as a highly stable, high capacity anolyte material under near pH neutral conditions. (CBu)2V can achieve solubility of 2.1 M and display a reversible, kinetically fast reduction at −0.43 V vs NHE at pH 9. DFT studies revealed that the high solubility of (CBu)2V is attributed to its high molecular polarity while its negative reduction potential is benefitted from electron‐donating carboxylate groups. A 0.89 V (CBu)2V/(NH)4Fe(CN)6 AORFB demonstrated exceptional energy storage performance, specifically, 100 % capacity retention with a discharge energy density of 9.5 Wh L−1 for 1000 cycles, power densities of up to 85 mW cm−2, and an energy efficiency of 70 % at 60 mA cm−2. (CBu)2V not only represents the most capacity dense viologen with pendant ionic groups and also exhibits the longest (1200 hours or 50 days) and the most stable flow battery performance to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite significant progress in energy retention, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) face untenable reductions in cycle life under extreme fast‐charging (XFC) conditions, which primarily originate from a variety of kinetic limitations between the graphite anode and the electrolyte. Through quantitative Li+ loss accounting and comprehensive materials analyses, it is directly observed that the operation of LIB pouch cells at 4 C||C/3 (charging||discharging) results in Li plating, disadvantageous solid‐electrolyte‐interphase formation, and solvent co‐intercalation leading to interstitial decomposition within graphite layers. It is found that these failure modes originate from the insufficient properties of conventional electrolytes, where employing a designed ester‐based electrolyte improved the capacity retention of these cells from 55.9% to 88.2% after 500 cycles when operated at the aforementioned conditions. These metrics are the result of effective mitigation of the aforementioned failure modes due to superior Li+ transport and desolvation characteristics demonstrated through both experimental and computational characterization. This work reveals the vital nature of electrolyte design to XFC performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Castration is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in dogs. However, based on increasing evidence, male animals experience significant pain after castration. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), one of the main bioactive components in A. membranaceus bunge, has been widely used as part of Fu‐Zheng therapy to enhance natural defense mechanisms. Introduction: This study was carried out to determine the effects of supplementing different doses of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS; control, 0 mg/kg; APSL, 400 mg/kg; and APSH, 800 mg/kg) for 8 weeks on the haematology and serum chemistry profiles, immune response, and oxidative stress status in weanling beagle dogs. Methods: After adapting to the experimental environment for 1 week, 18 male beagle dogs (Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, China; average initial weight, 3.80 ± 0.43 g; age, 3‐month‐old) were randomly allotted to diets supplemented with three doses of APS (Control, 0 mg/kg; low, 400 mg/kg; and high, 800 mg/kg), referred to as control, APSL, and APSH, respectively; six dogs were assigned to each treatment. The dogs were fed the respective diets twice daily at 08:30 and 16:30 h in sufficient quantity to supply the metabolizable energy requirements for 8 weeks. On day 43 (19 weeks old), the dogs were castrated. On days 42 (prior to castration, 19 weeks old), 50 (day 7 after castration, 20 weeks old), and 57 (day 14 after castration, 21 weeks old) to measure the haematology, blood chemistry, immune response, and oxidative stress status parameters. Results: Based on our findings, the APSH diet decreased weight gain and increased the feed to gain ratio in dogs (P < 0.05). At 14 days after castration, the wound was almost closed, slightly swollen, dry, and clean in the groups supplemented with APS. In addition, optimal APS supplementation was found to decrease erythrocyte count (RBC), haematocrit (HCT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 1β (IL‐1β), and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) levels, and cortisol and protein carbonyl (PC) concentrations (P < 0.05). Moreover, the mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and platelet (PLT) levels, interleukin 10 (IL‐10) and glutathione (GSH) content, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (Se‐GPx) activities were increased in the APS supplemented groups (P < 0.05) Conclusion: This study demonstrated that supplementing weanling beagle dogs with optimum APS could positively affect wound healing by improving their haematological profile (decreased RBC and HCT content, increased MCH and PLT levels), serum biochemical parameters (decreased ALP and ALT content), immune status (decreased CRP, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α levels; increased IL‐10 content), and antioxidant defense (decreased cortisol and PC content; increased GSH content, and SOD1, CAT, and Se‐GPx activities). However, the detailed mechanism whereby APS regulates these changes requires further investigation. In addition, the results of this study suggest that 400 mg/kg diet is the optimum APS dose for beagle dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colloidal contaminants and pathogens are widely distributed in soil, whose tiny sizes and distinct surface properties render unique environmental behaviours. Because of aging, colloids can undergo dramatic changes in their physicochemical properties once in the soil environment, thus leading to diverse or even unpredictable environmental behaviour and fate. Herein, we provide a state‐of‐art review of colloid aging mechanisms and characteristics and implications for risk mitigation. First, we review aging‐induced formation of colloidal contaminants and aging‐associated changes. We place a special focus on emerging nanoplastic (NP) contaminants and associated physical, chemical, and biological aging processes in soil environments. Second, we assess aging and survival features of colloidal pathogens, especially viruses. Viruses in soils may survive from several days to months, or even several years in groundwater, depending on their rates of inactivation and the reversibility of attachment. Furthermore, we identify implications for risk mitigation based on aging mechanisms. Hotspots of (photo)chemical aging of NPs, including plastic gauzes at construction sites and randomly discarded plastic waste in rural areas, are identified as area requiring greater research attention. For COVID‐19, we suggest taking greater care in regions where viruses are persist for long periods, such as cold climate regions. Soil amendment with quicklime (CaO) may act as an effective means for pathogen disinfection. Future risk mitigation of colloidal contaminants and pathogens relies on a better understanding of aging mechanisms and more sophisticated models accurately depicting processes in real soil environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platinum‐based chemotherapy drugs play a very important role in the treatment of patients with advanced colorectal cancer, but the drug resistance of platinum‐based chemotherapy drugs is an important topic that puzzles us. If we can find mechanisms of resistance, it will be revolutionary for us. We analysed the differential genes, core genes and their enrichment pathways in platinum‐resistant and non‐resistant patients through a public database. Platinum‐resistant cell lines were cultured in vitro for in vitro colony and Transwell analysis. Tumorigenesis analysis of nude mice in vivo. Verify the function of core genes. Through differential gene and enrichment analysis, we found that CUL4B was the main factor affecting platinum drug resistance and EMT. Our hypothesis was further verified by in vitro drug‐resistant and wild‐type cell lines and in vivo tumorigenesis analysis of nude mice. CUL4B leads to platinum drug resistance in colorectal cancer by affecting tumour EMT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reliable and efficient palladium‐catalyzed cascade cyclization/alkylation of oxime ethers with unactivated alkenes is described, affording a whole variety of structurally diverse isoxazole derivatives in moderate to good yields with excellent functional group compatibility. Ionic liquid [Aeim]Br not only acts as an environmentally friendly solvent but also acts as an accelerating agent to provide excess bromine source to eliminate bromomethane from oxime ethers. More importantly, the use of "chain‐walking" strategy provides a novel methodology in organic synthesis to rapid generation of molecular complexity from readily available starting materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) have been recognized as a promising technology for large‐scale, long‐duration energy storage of renewables (e.g., solar and wind) by overcoming their intermittence and fluctuation. However, simultaneous demonstration of high energy densities and stable cycling are still challenging for AORFBs. Herein, asymmetrically substituted sulfonate viologen molecular designs, e.g. (1‐[3‐sulfonatopropyl]‐1′‐[4‐sulfonatobutane]‐4,4′‐bipyridinium (3,4‐S2V), as capacity dense, chemically stable anolytes for cation exchange AORFBs are presented. The robust cycling performance of 3,4‐S2V is confirmed using half‐cell and full‐cell flow battery studies at pH neutral conditions. The 3,4‐S2V based AORFB is demonstrated with a discharge capacity of 23.2 Ah L−1 for 1700 cycles or 100 days without observing chemical degradation. Furthermore, a 3,4‐S2V/(NH4)4[Fe(CN)6] AORFB with a discharge capacity of 259.9 mAh is demonstrated for 50 days of authentic energy storage for the first time with a total capacity retention of 97.77% or a temporal capacity retention rate of 99.955% per day, representing the most stable, longest cycled AORFB to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A set of marine carbonates was deposited in the Palaeozoic of the North China Craton, which is the dominant sequence for buried hill hydrocarbon exploration. This study focuses on the lithofacies and reservoirs developed in the sequence. Based on the data of cores, thin sections, drilling, and logging, the characteristics of the sequence stratigraphic framework and its control on lithofacies and reservoirs of the Lower Palaeozoic buried hills in the offshore Bohai Bay Basin are discussed. The results show that there developed 4 second‐order sequences and 21 third‐order sequences in the study area. Due to the deep burial depth, the dolomite is more likely to form high‐quality reservoirs than limestone in the study area, and we define the dolomitic tidal flat‐dominant sequences as 'favorable reservoir sequences'. There developed unconformity‐related reservoirs and inner reservoirs in the buried hill, and the 'favourable reservoir sequences' present obvious control on both reservoirs, showing: (i) 'favourable reservoir sequences' and weathering interface control on the scale of the unconformity‐related reservoir jointly, and (ii) the inner reservoirs developed within 'favourable reservoir sequences' as well, and the top and bottom of the high‐frequency sequences are the predominant areas for the bedding karst reservoir distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient Fe‐catalyzed electrochemical synthesis of benzothiazoles from ethers with 2‐aminobenzenethiols has been developed through selective C−O bond cleavage of ethers under oxidant‐free conditions. A set of ethers have been converted to the corresponding 2‐aryl‐, 2‐heteroaryl‐, and 2‐alkyl‐substituted benzothiazoles in moderate to good yields. The method has also been successfully applied to generation of benzimidazoles and benzoxazoles with satisfactory yields and good functional group compatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tin‐based perovskite solar cells (Sn‐PSCs) have emerged as promising environmentally viable photovoltaic technologies, but still suffer from severe non‐radiative recombination loss due to the presence of abundant deep‐level defects in the perovskite film and under‐optimized carrier dynamics throughout the device. Herein, we healed the structural imperfections of Sn perovskites in an "inside‐out" manner by incorporating a new class of biocompatible chelating agent with multidentate claws, namely, 2‐Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), which passivated a variety of deep‐level Sn‐related and I‐related defects, cooperatively reinforced the passivation efficacy, released the lattice strain, improved the structural toughness, and promoted the carrier transport of Sn perovskites. Encouragingly, an efficiency of 13.7 % with a small voltage deficit of ≈0.47 V has been achieved for the GAA‐modified Sn‐PSCs. GAA modification also extended the lifespan of Sn‐PSCs over 1200 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anecdotal evidence suggests that patients diagnosed with the parkinsonian subtype of multiple system atrophy (MSA-P) may show uptake of the second-generation tau positron emission tomography (PET) tracer 18 F-Florzolotau (previously known as 18 F-APN-1607) in the putamen.Objectives: This study systematically investigated the localization and magnitude of 18 F-Florzolotau uptake in a relatively large cohort of patients with MSA-P.Methods: 18 F-Florzolotau PET imaging was performed in 31 patients with MSA-P, 24 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and 20 age-matched healthy controls. 18 F-Florzolotau signal in the striatum was analyzed by visual inspection and classified as either positive or negative. Regional 18 F-Florzolotau binding was also expressed as standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) to assess whether it was associated with core symptoms of MSA-P after adjustment for potential confounders.Results: By visual inspection and semiquantitative SUVR comparisons, patients with MSA-P showed elevated 18 F-Florzolotau uptake in the putamen, globus pallidus, and dentate-a finding that was not observed in PD. This increased signal was significantly associated with the core symptoms of MSA-P. In addition, patients with MSA-P with cerebellar ataxia showed an elevated 18 F-Florzolotau uptake in the cerebellar dentate.Conclusions: 18 F-Florzolotau tau PET imaging findings may reflect the clinical severity of MSA-P and can potentially discriminate between this condition and PD. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anti‐counterfeiting has become a serious issue around the global world; fluorescence‐based tags are praised for the low‐cost and facile decryption process. However, the high‐level anti‐counterfeiting application requires incorporating multifunctional luminescent materials with response to different excitation sources. Herein, a dimeric Cu(I)‐halide‐clusters‐assembled single‐crystal (AEP)2Cu2I6·2I·2H2O (AEP = N‐aminoethylpiperazinium) concerning a high down‐conversion photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) value of near unity is reported (λex = 305 nm), which can also be activated by the near‐infrared light and X‐ray. The ultrafast spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations reveal that the broad‐band emission originates from the recombination of self‐trapped excitons. Remarkably, the high PLQY and excellent attenuation capability for X‐ray confers an outstanding light yield of 55 650 photons MeV−1 to (AEP)2Cu2I6·2I·2H2O, which is 5.25 times higher than the standard bismuth germaniumoxide scintillator. Such multi‐light‐stimulus response endows (AEP)2Cu2I6·2I·2H2O with great application potential in anti‐counterfeiting, solid‐state lighting devices, and digital radiography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though fluorescence‐tag‐based anti‐counterfeiting technology has distinguished itself with cost‐effective features and huge information loading capacity, the clonable decryption process of spatial‐resolved anti‐counterfeiting cannot meet the requirements for high‐security‐level anti‐counterfeiting. Herein, we demonstrate a spatial‐time‐dual‐resolved anti‐counterfeiting system based on new organic–inorganic hybrid halides BAPPZn2(ClyBr1−y)8 (BAPP=1,4‐bis(3‐ammoniopropyl)piperazinium, y=0–1) with ultra‐long room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP). Remarkably, the afterglow lifetime can be facilely tuned by regulating the halide‐induced heavy‐atom effect and can be identified by the naked eyes or with the help of a simple machine vision system. Therefore, the short‐lived unicolor fluorescence and lasting‐time‐tunable RTP provide the prerequisites for unicolor‐time‐resolved anti‐counterfeiting, which lowers the decryption‐device requirements and further provides the design strategy of advanced portable anti‐counterfeiting technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DISCUSSION Effectiveness of PAs with different baselines Our results suggested that 170 of the 338 PAs (50.30%) had significant positive effects, including 150 PAs with low HPI baselines, 12 PAs with medium HPI baselines, and 8 PAs with high HPI baselines (Figure 2b). Our previous studies also showed that unlike PAs with high HPI or medium HPI baselines, PAs with low HPI baselines are more likely to have effective management if they have good patrol and surveillance, which helps control illegal threats in PAs (Wang et al., 2021). Compared with PAs with low HPI and medium HPI baselines, the area of forests in PAs with high HPI baselines of built-up area was relatively higher (Appendix S2). From 2010 to 2020, the rate of forest area decrease was the fastest for PAs with high HPI baselines, followed by PAs with medium HPI baselines and PAs with low HPI baselines (Figure 4a). [Extracted from the article]

Zinc metal represents a low‐cost, high‐capacity anode material to develop energy‐dense aqueous redox‐flow batteries (RFB). However, the energy‐storage applications of traditional inorganic Zn halide flow batteries are primarily plagued by the material challenges of traditional halide cathode electrolytes (e.g., bromine), including corrosion, toxicity, and severe crossover. Herein, we report a bipolar zinc–ferrocene salt compound, zinc 1,1′‐bis(3‐sulfonatopropyl)ferrocene, Zn[Fc(SPr)2] (1.80 M solubility or 48.2 Ah L− charge storage capacity)—a robust, energy‐dense, bipolar redox‐active electrolyte material for RFBs. Zn[Fc(SPr)2]‐based redox‐flow batteries operated at high current densities of up to 200 mA cm−2 and delivered an energy efficiency of up to 81.5 % and a power density of up to 270.5 mW cm−2. A Zn[Fc(SPr)2] flow battery demonstrated an energy density of 20.2 Wh L−1 and displayed nearly 100 % capacity retention for 2000 cycles (1284 h or 53.5 days). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]