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Herein, we report the first electricity‐driven and metal‐free C(3)−H fluoroalkoxylation of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with both α‐monosubstituted and α,α‐disubstituted fluoroalkyl alcohols. This strategy features the advantages of convenience, mildness, effEctiveness and broad substrate practicality for synthesizing a new type of 3‐fluoroalkoxylated quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With both TEMPO and O2 (in air) as the homogeneous redox mediators, BiBrO as the heterogeneous semiconductor photocatalyst, the first example of semi‐heterogeneous photocatalytic decarboxylative phosphorylation of N‐arylglycines with diarylphosphine oxides was established. A series of α‐amino phosphinoxides were efficiently synthesized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The invasion of alien plant species threatens the composition and diversity of native communities. However, the invasiveness of alien plants and the resilience of native communities are dependent on the interactions between biotic and abiotic factors, such as natural enemies and nutrient availability. In our study, we simulated the invasion of nine invasive plant species into native plant communities using two levels of nutrient availability and suppression of natural enemies. We evaluated the effect of biotic and abiotic factors on the response of alien target species and the resistance of native communities to invasion. The results showed that the presence of enemies (enemy release) increased the biomass proportion of alien plants while decreasing that of native communities in the absence of nutrient addition. Furthermore, we also found that the negative effect of enemy suppression on the evenness of the native community and the root‐to‐shoot ratio of alien target species was greatest under nutrient addition. Therefore, nutrient‐poor and natural enemies might promote the invasive success of alien species in native communities, whereas nutrient addition and enemy suppression can better enhance the resistance of native plant communities to invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integration of CO2 capture capability from simulated flue gas and electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) active sites into a catalyst is a promising cost‐effective strategy for carbon neutrality, but is of great difficulty. Herein, combining the mixed gas breakthrough experiments and eCO2RR tests, we showed that an Ag12 cluster‐based metal–organic framework (1‐NH2, aka Ag12bpy‐NH2), simultaneously possessing CO2 capture sites as "CO2 relays" and eCO2RR active sites, can not only utilize its micropores to efficiently capture CO2 from simulated flue gas (CO2 : N2=15 : 85, at 298 K), but also catalyze eCO2RR of the adsorbed CO2 into CO with an ultra‐high CO2 conversion of 60 %. More importantly, its eCO2RR performance (a Faradaic efficiency (CO) of 96 % with a commercial current density of 120 mA cm−2 at a very low cell voltage of −2.3 V for 300 hours and the full‐cell energy conversion efficiency of 56 %) under simulated flue gas atmosphere is close to that under 100 % CO2 atmosphere, and higher than those of all reported catalysts at higher potentials under 100 % CO2 atmosphere. This work bridges the gap between CO2 enrichment/capture and eCO2RR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An expedient synthesis of silyl ethers is reported via photocatalytic free radical coupling of ketones with hydrosilanes and subsequent [1, 2]‐Brook rearrangement. This strategy features the advantages of 100 % atom economy, environmental friendliness, easily available starting materials as well as late‐stage functionalization of complex molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

X‐ray imaging technology has achieved important applications in many fields and has attracted extensive attentions. Dynamic X‐ray flexible imaging for the real‐time observation of the internal structure of complex materials is the most challenging type of X‐ray imaging technology, which requires high‐performance X‐ray scintillators with high X‐ray excited luminescence (XEL) efficiency as well as excellent processibility and stability. Here, a macrocyclic bridging ligand with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) feature was introduced for constructing a copper iodide cluster‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) scintillator. This strategy endows the scintillator with high XEL efficiency and excellent chemical stability. Moreover, a regular rod‐like microcrystal was prepared through the addition of polyvinyl pyrrolidone during the in situ synthesis process, which further enhanced the XEL and processibility of the scintillator. The microcrystal was used for the preparation of a scintillator screen with excellent flexibility and stability, which can be used for high‐performance X‐ray imaging in extremely humid environments. Furthermore, dynamic X‐ray flexible imaging was realized for the first time. The internal structure of flexible objects was observed in real time with an ultrahigh resolution of 20 LP mm−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have shown an inconsistent association between dietary niacin and cognitive function. And this remains unclear in the American outpatient population. The aim of this study was to assess whether there is an association between dietary niacin and cognitive performance in an older American population aged ≥60 years. A total of 2523 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014 were enrolled. Cognitive function was assessed by the CERAD Word Learning (CERAD‐WL) test, the CERAD Delayed Recall (CERAD‐DR) test, the Animal Fluency test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST). Cognitive impairment that meets one of the four scoring conditions listed above is defined as low cognitive function. Dietary niacin intake was obtained from 2 days of a 24‐h recall questionnaire. Based on the quartiles of dietary niacin intake, they were divided into four groups: Q1 (<15.51 mg), Q2 (15.51–20.68 mg), Q3 (20.69–26.90 mg), and Q4 (>26.91 mg). The stability of the results was assessed using multifactorial logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) models, and sensitivity stratified analysis. More than half of the participants had cognitive impairment (52.52%). In the fully adjusted model, niacin was associated with a significantly reduced risk of cognitive impairment in Q3 and Q4 compared with the Q1 group (OR: 0.610, 95% CI: 0.403, 0.921, p =.022; OR: 0.592, 95% CI: 0.367, 0.954, p =.034). Meanwhile, niacin was negatively associated with poor cognition as assessed by the CERAD‐WL test, CERAD test, AFT, and DSST. An L‐shaped dose–response relationship between dietary niacin and cognitive function was observed in all participants (nonlinear p <.001). There were also interactions that existed in populations with different carbohydrate intakes and cholesterol intakes (p for interaction =.031, p for interaction =.005). These findings provide new evidence for the potential role of dietary niacin intake on cognitive function in the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both iodine concentration and protein intake are important nutritional factors that may influence the development of depressive symptoms. However, there are no studies on the effect of protein intake on the relationship between iodine concentration and the risk of depression. The study aimed to explore the relationship between iodine and the risk of clinically relevant depression (CRD) according to protein intake. This study analyzed the adults (≥18 years) who participated in the 2007–2018 National Health and Nutrition Cross‐sectional Survey (N = 10,462). CRD was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9). Protein intake was assessed using two 24‐h dietary recalls and urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured using inductively coupled plasma dynamic response cell mass spectrometry. Weighted multivariate logistic regression and restrictive cubic splines were performed to assess the relationship between UIC and CRD according to protein category (low protein intake <0.8 g/kg/day; high protein intake: ≥0.8 g/kg/day). After controlling for sociodemographic, behavioral, chronic diseases, and dietary factors, a positive correlation was observed between UIC (log10) and CRD (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.026, 1.795). Low UIC (<100 μg/L) was associated with a lower prevalence of CRD (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.533, 0.995) in high protein intake individuals, whereas this relationship did not exist in those with low protein intake. Moreover, restrictive cubic splines confirmed a near L‐shaped relationship between UIC and CRD in the low‐protein group (nonlinear p =.042) and a linear relationship between them in the high‐protein group (nonlinear p =.392). This study illustrates that protein intake affects the relationship between UIC and CRD. Combining lower UIC and high protein intake may help reduce the prevalence of CRD, which would have significant implications for managing patients with depressive CRD in the clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The therapeutic value of targeted therapies in patients with lung cancer is reduced when tumours acquire secondary resistance after an initial period of successful treatment. However, the molecular events behind the resistance to targeted therapies in lung cancer remain largely unknown. Aims: To discover the important role and mechanism of lncRNA BC in promoting tumor metastasis and influencing clinical prognosis of LUAD. Materials & Methods: Microarrays were used to screen a comprehensive set of lncRNAs with differential expression profiles in lung cancer cells. The functional role and mechanism of lncRNA were further investigated by gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays. RNA pull‐down, protein assays, and mass spectrometry were used to identify proteins that interacted with lncRNA. TaqMan PCR was used to measure lncRNA in lung adenocarcinoma and adjacent nontumor tissues from 428 patients. The clinical significance of lncRNA identified was statistically confirmed in this cohort of patients. Results: In this study, we show that the long non‐coding RNA BC009639 (BC) is involved in acquired resistance to EGFR‐targeted therapies. Among the 235 long non‐coding RNAs that were differentially expressed in lung cancer cell lines, with different metastatic potentials, BC promoted growth, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs), both in vitro and in vivo. BC was highly expressed in 428 patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and high BC expression correlated with reduced efficacy of EGFR‐TKI therapy. To uncover the molecular mechanism of BC‐mediated EGFR‐TKI resistance in lung cancer, we screened and identified nucleolin and hnRNPK that interact with BC. BC formed the splicing complex with nucleolin and hnRNPK to facilitate the production of a non‐protein‐coding inositol monophosphatase domain containing 1 (IMPAD1) splice variant, instead of the protein‐coding variant. The BC‐mediated alternative splicing (AS) of IMPAD1 resulted in the induction of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition and resistance to EGFR‐TKI in lung cancer. High BC expression correlated with clinical progress and poor survival among 402 patients with LUAD. Disscussion: Through alternative splicing, BC boosted the non‐coding IMPAD1‐203 transcript variant while suppressing the IMPAD1‐201 variant. In order to control the processing of pre‐mRNA, BC not only attracted RNA binding proteins (NCL, IGF2BP1) or splicing factors (hnRNPK), but also controlled the formation of the splicing‐regulator complex by creating RNA‐RNA‐duplexes. Conclusion: Our results reveal an important role for BC in mediating resistance to EGFR‐targeted therapy in LUAD through IMPAD1 AS and in implication for the targeted therapy resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Front Cover: Electrochemical C3-Fluoroalkoxylation of Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with Fluoroalkyl Alcohols for the Synthesis of 3-Fluoroalkoxylated Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones" discusses a new method for the synthesis of 3-fluoroalkoxylated quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones using electricity-driven C(3)-H fluoroalkoxylation. The front cover of the journal features an image of an alchemy furnace with a Tai Chi diagram, representing the electrolytic cell, along with the reactants and products involved in the reaction. The article highlights the advantages of electrochemistry as a green and renewable redox reagent. The full research article provides more detailed information on the topic. [Extracted from the article]

It is of great significance for constructing electrocatalysts with accurate structures and compositions to pinpoint the active sites, thereby improving the C2 products (C2H4, C2H5OH and CH3COOH) selectivity during electrocatalytic CO2 reduction raction. Here, we report a tetracopper(I) cluster‐based metal‐organic framework that exhibits long‐term stability and remarkable performance for electroreduction CO2 towards C2 products in an H‐type cell with a maximum Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 72%, and delivers a current density of 350 mA cm−2 with a FE(C2) up to 46% in a flow cell device, outperforming most of the Cu‐based electrocatalysts such as Cu derivatives and Cu nanostructured materials. Importantly, no obvious degradation was observed at 350 mA cm–2 over 20 hours of continuous operation, strengthening the practicability. In‐situ infrared spectroscopy analysis showed the cooperative effect of adjacent Cu(I) ions in tetracopper(I) cluster may promote the C−C coupling to generate C2 products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyimide (PI) is one of the best engineering plastics with excellent thermal, mechanical, dielectric performance and chemical stability. Among various PI products, film is one of the most dominant types. If PI films are to be applied to optical devices and display equipment, it is necessary to improve their optical transparency in the ultraviolet–visible region. However, improving the optical transparency of PI films would affect their thermal performance including thermal and dimensional stability. Therefore, how to balance optical and thermal performance to obtain highly transparent PI films with the best overall performance becomes a focus of current research field. In this review, we categorize transparent PI films into highly transparent PI, transparent PI with high glass transition temperature (Tg) and transparent PI with low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) based on their optical and thermal properties. Then, we review research progress in the field of polymer molecular design including synthesis strategies and properties in recent 5 years, to inspire research ideas and elaborate on the possible ways to develop high‐performance, colorless and transparent PI materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the scarcity of blue color in the natural food palette, synthetic blue edible colorants are commonly used in daily life. With growing awareness of environmental hazards and potential side‐effect impacts of synthetic food colorants on customers' health, synthetic blue edible colorants are no longer a good choice. Here, a strategy of mixing two edible sub‐microspheres, mesoporous hollow TiO2 sub‐microspheres or SiO2 sub‐microspheres and cuttlefish ink particles, is reported to produce mass amorphous photonic structures (APSs) with structural color. The hues can be tuned by controlling the size of mesoporous hollow TiO2 sub‐microspheres, and the saturation is strongly related to the proportion of cuttlefish ink particles. Cytotoxicity assays and evaluation of bioaccessibility in the simulated human digestive system further prove the safety of the blue structural colorants. The blue structural colorants exhibit high color visibility, thermostability, and reliable food safety, which are promising properties for food, drugs, and cosmetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was designed to establish and validate promising and reliable nomograms for predicting the survival of angiosarcoma (AS) patients. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was queried to collect the clinical information of 785 AS patients between 2004 and 2015. Data were split into a training cohort (n = 549) and a validation cohort (n = 236) without any preference. Univariate Cox and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to analyze the clinical parameters. Independent prognostic factors were then identified. Two nomograms were constructed to predict overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) at 3 and 5 years. Finally, the models were evaluated using concordance indices (C‐indices), calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 785 individuals were included in this analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that age, tumor size, and stage were prognostic factors independently associated with the OS of AS. Tumor site, tumor size, and stage were associated with the CSS of AS. Based on the statistical results and clinical significance of variables, nomograms were built. The nomograms for OS and CSS had C‐indices of 0.666 and 0.654, respectively. The calibration curves showed good agreement between the predictive values and the actual values. DCA also indicated that the nomograms were clinically useful. Conclusion: We established nomograms with good predictive ability that could provide clinicians with better predictions about the clinical outcomes of AS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Butterfly‐like molecules of oxacalix[2]arene[2]pyrazine (OAP) are reported, which exhibit the typical characteristics of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) via the restriction of intramolecular vibration (RIV) mechanism. Unlike any of the reported RIV‐type AIE molecules, the synthetic procedures of which are complicated and have associated high costs, OAP AIEgens can be synthesized in a facile manner by a one‐step catalyst‐free reaction using commercially available materials. Notably, OAP AIEgens are ideal ligands for constructing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) due to their built‐in pyrazine coordination sites. OAP‐based MOFs exhibit multiple potential applications in reversible gas response, encrypted information storage, and construction of white light‐emitting devices. This work builds on RIV‐type AIEgens, offers additional selections of bridging ligands for constructing luminescent MOFs and provides a visualized prototype to understand the effect of the RIV process on the luminescence properties of MOFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID‐19 pandemic is but one of many instances of environmental adversities that have recurred in human history. Biobehavioral resource allocation strategies, known as fast (reproduction‐focused) versus slow (development‐focused) life history (LH) tradeoff strategies, evolved to deal with environmental challenges such as infectious diseases. Based on 141 young people and their mothers observed prior to (ages 9 and 13) and during (age 20) COVID‐19, we investigated longitudinal relations involving slow LH strategies. The results support the adaptive role of slow LH strategies in reducing COVID‐related increases in externalizing problems. In addition, the effect of early adversity on COVID‐related increases in externalizing was mediated, and the effect on COVID‐related increases in internalizing was moderated, by slow LH strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have achieved prominent efficacy in the treatment of numerous cancers, which is the most significant breakthrough in cancer therapy in recent years. However, ICIs are associated with a series of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). Pneumonitis is an uncommon but potentially fatal irAE. In the case reported here, a patient with advanced small cell lung cancer (SCLC) had rapid progression of disease following chemotherapy and received ICIs. The patient experienced severe immune‐related hyperthermia followed by immune‐related pneumonitis. Fortunately, a good clinical response was achieved after the patient received corticosteroids and tocilizumab. The patient with SCLC reported here experienced severe immune‐related hyperthermia followed by immune‐related pneumonitis. Fortunately, a good clinical response was achieved after the patient received steroids and tocilizumab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frequency‐upconverted fluorescence and stimulated emission induced by multiphoton absorption (MPA) have attracted much interest. As compared with low‐order MPA processes, the construction of high‐order MPA processes is highly desirable and rather attractive, yet remains a formidable challenge due to its inherent low transition probability. We report the observation of the first experimental frequency‐upconverted fluorescence and stimulated emission by simultaneous six‐photon excitation in an organic molecular system. The well‐designed organic conjugated system based on cross‐shaped spiro‐fused ladder‐type oligo(p‐phenylene)s (SpL−z, z=1–3) manifests reasonably high MPA cross‐sections and brilliant luminescence emission simultaneously. The six‐photon absorption cross‐section of SpL‐3 with an extended π‐conjugation was evaluated as 8.67×10−169 cm12 s5 photon−5. Exceptionally efficient 2‐ to 6‐photon excited stimulated emission was achieved under near‐infrared laser excitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of persistent organic environmental pollutants with a total of 209 homologs. The homolog 2,3′,4,4′,5‐pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB118) is one of the most important dioxin‐like PCBs and is highly toxic. PCB118 can accumulate in human tissues, serum and breast milk, which leads to direct exposure of the fetus during development. In the present study, pregnant mice were exposed to 0, 20 and 100 μg/kg/day of PCB118 during the stage of fetal primordial germ cell migration. Compared with the control group, we found morphological alterations of the seminiferous tubules and a higher sperm deformity rate in the male offspring in the treatment groups. Furthermore, the methylation patterns in the treatment groups of the imprinted genes H19 and Gtl2 in the sperm were altered in the male offspring. We also characterized the disturbance of the expression levels of DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1), Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b, Dnmt3l, and Uhrf1. The results indicated that intrauterine exposure to low doses of PCB118 could significantly damage the reproductive health of the male offspring. Therefore, attention should be paid to the adverse effects of PCB118 exposure during pregnancy on the reproductive system of male offspring. As a typical environmental estrogen, exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls can damage animals' reproductive system. However, current research remains limited. Our present study found that exposure to low doses of 2,3′,4,4′,5‐pentachlorobiphenyl in utero can damage the reproductive system of male offspring mice. The rate of sperm deformity of offspring significantly increased and the level of DNA methylation of imprinted genes in the sperm of the offspring was also altered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to excellent metal–insulator transition property, vanadium dioxide nanoparticles (VO2 NPs)‐based nanomaterials are extensively studied and applied in various fields, and thus draw safety concerns of VO2 NPs exposure through various routes. Herein, the cytotoxicity of VO2 NPs (N‐VO2) and titanium dioxide‐coated VO2 NPs (T‐VO2) to typical human lung cell lines (A549 and BEAS‐2B) was studied by using a series of biological assays. It was found that both VO2 NPs induced a dose‐dependent cytotoxicity, and the two cell lines displayed similar sensitivity to VO2 NPs. Under the same conditions, T‐VO2 NPs showed slightly lower cytotoxicity than N‐VO2 in both cells, indicating the surface coating of titanium dioxide mitigated the toxicity of VO2 NPs. Titanium dioxide coating changed the surface property of VO2 NPs and reduced the vanadium release of particles, and thus helped lowing the toxicity of VO2 NPs. The induced cell viability loss was attributed to apoptosis and proliferation inhibition, which were supported by the assays of apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane damage, caspase‐3 level, and cell cycle arrest. The oxidative stress, i.e., enhanced reactive oxygen species generation and suppressed reduced glutathione , in A549 and BEAS‐2B cells was one of the major mechanisms of the cytotoxicity of VO2 NPs. These findings provide safety guidance for the practical applications of vanadium dioxide‐based materials. The toxicity of metal–insulator transition materials, a normal monoclinic vanadium dioxide nanoparticle (N‐VO2) and its titanium dioxide‐coated counterpart (T‐VO2), were studied on lung cells. VO2 nanoparticles induced a dose‐dependent cytotoxicity, including apoptosis and proliferation inhibition. The two cell lines displayed similar sensitivity against VO2 NPs, while N‐VO2 was slightly more toxic than T‐VO2. Titanium dioxide coating probably attenuated the cytotoxicity of VO2 NPs, thus supports the development titanium dioxide‐coated VO2 nanoparticles as a safer materials for applications such as intelligent window. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the solvo‐thermal conditions, two novel CdII mixed‐ligand coordination materials with 2,6‐(1,2,4‐triazole‐4‐yl)pyridine(L1) and aromatic poly‐carboxylic acid co‐ligands such as 5‐R‐isophthalic acid (R = nitro, sulfo), namely [Cd(L1)(NO2‐BDC)(H2O)2]·2H2O (1) and [Cd(L1)(HSIP)(H2O)]·4H2O (2) (NO2‐H2BDC = 5‐nitroisophthalic acid, H3SIP = 5‐sulfobenzene ‐isophthalic acid) were successfully prepared. These CdII mixed‐ligand coordination polymers 1–2 have been measured by crystal X‐ray analysis, FT‐IR spectra and powder X‐ray diffraction analyses. In 1, these seven‐coordinate CdII atoms (Cd1) are inter‐linked by didentate 5‐nitroisophthalic acid ligands forming 1D chain structures. In 2, these L1 and partially de‐pronated HSIP2– are inter‐linked by central CdII centers and are arranged into the unique 2D micro‐porous metal‐organic framework of 2. Side view of 2, it is noted that numerous oxygen atoms of un‐coordinated carboxylate groups and coordinated SO3 groups protrude out and decorate the 2D framework of 2. PXRD patterns of 1 and 2 sample is tested, which is consistent with the simulated PXRD diffraction pattern. Photoluminescence studies show that 2 is highly selective and sensitive to trace elements of Eu3+ with excellent Ksv value (7.86 × 104m–1) and low detection limit (5.56 × 10–2 mM), which also provides a convenient method and platform for real‐time detection of Eu3+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work a 1,2,4‐triazole derivative 1‐(4‐aminobenzyl)‐1,2,4‐triazole (abtz) was utilized, one new cadmium(II) coordination polymer, namely [Cd(abtz)I2]n (1) was prepared through the powerful solvo‐thermal synthetic strategy. In compound 1, the abtz building blocks are interlinked through the central CdII ions forming the two‐dimensional (2D) layer coordination framework. Powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) characterization also reveals that we have prepared the pure phases of coordination polymer 1. Optical properties have been determined, which can behave the excellent photo‐luminescent emission of coordination polymer 1. Photo‐luminescent experiment also reveals that coordination polymer 1 can behave the highly sensitive detection for acetone molecules with high Ksv value (Ksv = 4.12 ×104 L·mol–1) in the recyclable detection fashion. Additionally, coordination polymer 1 also can behave the highly sensitive detection for pollutant dichromate with excellent quenching efficiency Ksv (Ksv = 2.12 × 104 L·mol–1) and low detection limit [38 × 10–3 mM (S/N = 3)]. UV/Vis, photo‐luminescent lifetime, and PXRD patterns also have been determined to analyze the detection mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play an important regulatory role in cancer biology, including that of LAD. The aim of this experiment was to explore the interaction of LINC00483, microRNA‐144 (miR‐144), and homeobox A10 (HOXA10), and their effects on radio sensitivity and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of LAD. Initially, microarray analysis was used to screen out miRNAs and lncRNAs, as well as the differentially expressed genes related to LAD. Following the screening process, the targeting relationship of LINC00483, miR‐144, and that of miR‐144 and HOXA10 was determined. Following that, the expression of LINC00483, miR‐144, messenger RNA (mRNA), as well as protein expression of HOXA10, MMP‐2, MMP‐9, E‐cadherin, vimentin, and N‐cadherin that followed in cells was determined. Also, the effect of LINC00483 on cell migration and invasion ability, and cell tumorigenic ability was detected. LINC00483 and HOXA10 were found to be upregulated whereas miR‐144 was downregulated in LAD. Silencing of LINC00483 could competitively bind to miR‐144, thereby upregulating HOXA10. LINC00483 or HOXA10 silencing led to decreased HOXA10, MMP‐2, MMP‐9, vimentin, and N‐cadherin but elevated miR‐144 and E‐cadherin. Moreover, after being transfected with silenced LINC00483, the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were inhibited with enhanced radiosensitivity. Consequently, the data of the study indicates that interference of LINC00483 weakens its competitive binding ability to miR‐144, thus reducing HOXA10 expression, and enhancing radiosensitivity in LAD. Consequently, the data of the study indicates that interference of LINC00483 weaken its competitive binding ability to microRNA‐144, thus reducing HOXA10 expression, enhancing radiosensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder due to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. This study focuses on the effect of microRNA‐329 (miR‐329) on nigral dopaminergic neurons in a rat model of PD via the FoxO3a signaling pathway by binding to CDKN2D. Brain tissues from the substantia nigra were taken from the rats in two groups. TUNEL staining was used to observe tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐positive neurons. Nigral dopaminergic neurons were randomized into the normal, blank, negative control (NC), miR‐329 mimics, miR‐329 inhibitors, small interfering (siRNA)‐CDKN2D, and miR‐329 inhibitors + siRNA‐CDKN2D groups. Expressions of miR‐329, CDKN2D, FoxO3a, AKT, caspase‐3 and Bcl‐2 were determined using RT‐qPCR and western blotting. Apoptosis rate of nigral dopaminergic neurons in 7 groups was determined by flow cytometry. Compared with the blank and NC groups, the miR‐329 mimics group showed increased miR‐329 and caspase‐3 expressions as well as decreased expressions of CDKN2D, FoxO3a, AKT, and Bcl‐2, the siRNA‐CDKN2D group indicated enhanced expressions of caspase‐3 and declined expressions of CDKN2D, FoxO3a, AKT, and Bcl‐2, and the miR‐329 inhibitors group revealed decreased miR‐329 and caspase‐3 expressions and increased expressions of CDKN2D, FoxO3a, AKT, and Bcl‐2. The apoptosis rate of nigral dopaminergic neurons was significantly increased in the miR‐329 mimics and siRNA‐CDKN2D groups, but was decreased in the miR‐329 inhibitors group. Our data suggested that downregulated miR‐329 could inhibit apoptosis of nigral dopaminergic neurons in a rat model of PD by upregulating the expression of CDKN2D via the activation of the FoxO3a signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of online real time three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT3DTEE) in the measurement of left atrial appendage (LAA) orifice size. We also analyzed the correlation between LAA ejection fraction (EF) and its peak empty velocity (PEV). Methods: There were 91 subjects enrolled in this study, with 46 patients with AF and 45 individuals with sinus rhythm (SR). RT3DTEE was performed by four methods including iSlice and iCrop online and QLAB software 3DQ and GI‐3DQ off‐line which were used to measure LAA orifice area, long diameter, short diameter, depth in the largest LAA, and number of LAA lobes. These LAA parameters achieved by the four methods were compared, respectively. GI‐3DQ off‐line was used to measure LAA end‐diastolic and end‐systolic volumes to calculate EF of LAA. Two‐dimensional (2D) TEE was applied to measure PEV of LAA. The correlation between EF and PEV was analyzed. Results: There were no significant differences in all LAA parameters between any two RT3DTEE methods (All P > .05). There was a significant and positive correlation between PEV and EF (r = .423, P = .000). There were statistical differences in LAA EF and PEV between patients with AF and SR individuals (0.38 ± 0.12 vs 0.61 ± 0.07, 35.7 ± 12.1 vs 49.5 ± 10.0 cm/s, P = .000). Conclusion: Using online RT3DTEE for measuring LAA orifice size is feasible, and online RT3DTEE is more convenient than offline RT3DTEE. EF is positively correlated with PEV. LAA function is significantly decreased in patients with AF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two cadmium(II) and two zinc(II) coordination complexes with diverse structural motifs, [Cd2(HL)I3H2O]·H2O (1), [Cd2(H2L)2(H2O)4]·2SO4·14H2O (2), [Zn3(L′)2(H2O)6]·4H2O·2(NO3) (3), and [Zn3L'2(H2O)2Cl2]·H2O (4) [H2L = 1,1‐bis(5‐(pyrid‐2‐yl)‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)methane; H2L′ = 1,1‐bis(5‐(pyrid‐2‐yl)‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)methanone] were synthesized through a hydrothermal method. These coordination complexes were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), FT‐IR spectroscopy, and photo‐luminescent experiments. Single crystal structural analysis revealed that 1–4 belong to polynuclear coordination compounds. PXRD analysis of 1–4 unambiguously confirmed the purity of the as‐synthesized coordination compounds. It is the first time to synthesize coordination compounds based on H2L′, which reacted from the original material H2L through in‐situ hydrothermal conditions. In addition, photo‐luminescent experiments revealed that 1–4 have real‐time sensing effects for benzaldehyde through fluorescence quenching. For 1–4, the photo‐luminescent quenching effect for benzaldehyde was also compared and the coordination complexes 3 and 4 based on H2L′ have higher photo‐luminescent quenching effect than compounds 1 and 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The aim of this prospective study was to assess the diagnosis value of four-dimensional echocardiography area strain (AS) combined with exercise stress echocardiography to evaluate left ventricular regional systolic function in patients with mild single vessel coronary artery stenosis. Methods Based on treadmill exercise load status, two-dimensional conventional echocardiography and four-dimensional echocardiography area strain were performed on patients suspected coronary artery disease before coronary angiogram. Thirty patients (case group) with mild left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis (stenosis <50%) and thirty gender- and age-matched patients (control group) without coronary artery stenosis according to the coronary angiogram results were prospectively enrolled. Results All the patients had no left ventricular regional wall motion abnormality in two-dimensional echocardiography at rest and exercise stress. There was no significant difference in the 16 segmental systolic peak AS at rest between two groups. After exercise stress, the peak systolic ASrest-stress at mid anterior wall (−7.00%±10.90% vs 2.80%±23.69%) and mid anterolateral wall (−4.40%±18.81% vs 8.80%±19.16%) were decreased, while increased at basal inferolateral wall (14.00%±19.27% vs −5.60%±15.94%) in case group compared with control group ( P<.05). Conclusions In patients with mild single vessel coronary artery stenosis, the area strain was decreased at involved segments, while compensatory increased at noninvolved segments after exercise stress. Four-dimensional echocardiography area strain combined with exercise stress echocardiography could sensitively find left ventricular regional systolic function abnormality in patients with mild single vessel coronary artery stenosis, and locate stenosis coronary artery accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND The efficacy and role of inulin in the mitigation of enteric sulfur-containing odor gases hydrogen sulfide ( H2S) and methyl mercaptan ( CH3SH) in pigs were examined in this study. Twelve Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire male finisher pigs (60.7 ± 1.9 kg), housed individually in open-circuit respiration chambers, were randomly assigned to two dietary groups, namely basal diet (control) and basal diet supplemented with 1% (w/w) inulin. At the end of the 45 day experiment, pigs were slaughtered and volatile fatty acid ( VFA) concentration, sulfate radical ( SO42−) concentration, population of sulfate-reducing bacteria ( SRB) and expression of methionine gamma-lyase ( MGL) gene were determined in contents from the caecum, colon (two segments) and rectum. Metabonomic analysis was used to compare differences in biochemical composition, and the Illumina MiSeq procedure to investigate differences in bacterial components, in the different parts of the large intestine between inulin-supplemented and inulin-free (control) groups. RESULTS Inulin decreased ( P < 0.05) the average daily enteric H2S and CH3SH production by 12.4 and 12.1% respectively. The concentrations of acetate, propionate and butyrate in the large intestinal content were significantly increased ( P < 0.05) with inulin treatment, whereas valerate concentration and MGL mRNA expression decreased ( P < 0.05). The growth of Lactobacillus, Butyrivibrio, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Bifidobacterium and Clostridium butyricum was stimulated, while that of Desulfovibrio, the dominant SRB, was inhibited, and there was an accumulation of SO42− in the large intestinal content of the inulin-supplemented pigs, suggesting that inulin mitigates H2S generation from the SO42− reduction pathway by reducing the growth of SRB. CONCLUSION The results showed that inulin mitigates CH3SH generation via three methionine degradation metabolic pathways and H2S generation from two cysteine degradation metabolic pathways, thus resulting in increased synthesis of these two sulfur-containing amino acids in the pig large intestine. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An electrochemical DNA sensing experiment based on four kinds of functionalized electrodes and a gold nanoparticle (nanoAu) carrier signal amplification strategy is designed to investigate the effects on the current response ( I) by square wave voltammetry. Four kinds of electrodes and a methyl blue labeled DNA signal probe with or without the nanoAu carrier amplification strategy are involved in this work. In comparison with the effect of the signal amplification strategy, the capacity of electronic conduction (EC) of the functionalized electrodes are dominant in changes to I in the sensing system. The improvement in EC of the sensing unit has a decisive impact on increasing I and, under similar EC conditions, the specific surface area of the sensing unit plays an important role, as also illustrated by the derivation mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional gradient scaffolds play an important role in osteochondral tissue engineering because they can meet the essential requirement for a gradual transition of both physical and chemical properties in osteochondral tissue regeneration. There is a requirement for 3D composite osteochondral regeneration scaffolds with multiscale structures that are capable of controlling release of multiple biomolecules. To this end, this article describes a 3D bioprinting platform integrated forming system designed to produce various drug-loaded scaffolds. A novel scaffold was fabricated by the self-developed 3D bioprinting platform combining extrusion deposition with multi-nozzle electrospinning. For temporally controlled release of gentamycin sulfate (GS) and desferoxamine (DFO), blend electrospun GS/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and coaxial electrospun core (PVA-DFO)/shell (polycaprolactone; PCL) fibers were deposited in the scaffold. After a 25-day time-lapse release study in vitro, results showed GS released faster than DFO during the early stages and sustained release of DFO for long periods. For spatially controlled release of DFO, the vertically gradient gelatin/sodium alginate (SA) scaffolds presented to enable the release amount of DFO in a gradient mode. The experiment and test results demonstrate the validity of the 3D bioprinting platform integrated forming system and the excellent properties of such scaffolds for performing multidrug spatiotemporal release. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:170-177, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electroreduction of CO2, Tetracopper(I) cluster-based metal-organic framework keyword, C-C dimerization, accurate structures, Cooperative effect Keywords: Electroreduction of CO2; Tetracopper(I) cluster-based metal-organic framework keyword; C-C dimerization; accurate structures; Cooperative effect EN Electroreduction of CO2 Tetracopper(I) cluster-based metal-organic framework keyword C-C dimerization accurate structures Cooperative effect 1 1 1 11/04/22 20221102 NES 221102 B Until now, major electrocatalysts for CO SB 2 sb RR b mainly generate C SB 1 sb products such as CO, HCOOH and CH SB 4 sb ; in contrast, research on electrocatalytic CO SB 2 sb reduction to generate C SB 2 sb products (C SB 2 sb H SB 4 sb , C SB 2 sb H SB 5 sb OH, and CH SB 3 sb COOH) is yet in the primary stage. B CuBPZ b exhibits long-term stability and remarkable performance for electroreduction CO SB 2 sb towards C SB 2 sb products in an H-type cell with a maximum faradaic efficiency (FE) of 72%, and delivers a current density of 350 mA cm SP -2 sp with a FE(C SB 2 sb ) up to 46 % in a flow cell, outperforming most of the electrocatalysts for CO SB 2 sb RR to C SB 2 sb products. [Extracted from the article]

Based on the bis-triazole ligand 2, 6-bis(1, 2,4-triazole-4-yl)pyridine (L), the triazole-iron(II) complexes [Fe(L)2(dca)2(H2O)2] ·2H2O ( 1) (Nadca = sodium dicyanamide), {[Fe(μ2-L)2(H2O)2]Cl2} n ( 2), and {[Fe(μ2-L)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2 ·L ·H2O} n ( 3) were isolated by solvent diffusion methods. When iron(II) salts and Nadca were used, compound 1 was isolated, which contains mononuclear Fe(L)2(dca)2(H2O)2 units. When FeCl2 or FeClO4 were used, one-dimensional (1D) cation iron(II) chains ( 2) and two-dimensional (2D) cation iron(II) networks ( 3) were isolated indicating anion directing structural diversity. Moreover, variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility data of 1- 3 were recorded in the temperature range 2-300 K. The magnetic curve of complex 2 was fitted by using the classical spin Heisenberg chain model indicating anti-ferromagnetic interactions ( J = -5.31 cm-1). Obviously complexes 1- 3 show no detectable thermal spin crossover behaviors, the lack of spin-crossover behavior may be correlated with FeN4O2 coordination spheres in 1- 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of infantile hemangiomas ( IHs) and the safety and efficacy of the long-pulse 1,064-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) laser for definitive treatment of IHs in 794 Chinese patients. Methods Infants with hemangiomas who had received long-pulse 1,064-nm Nd: YAG laser treatment in our department in the last 5 years were recruited. Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded and outcomes of long-pulse 1,064-nm Nd: YAG laser treatment were assessed. Statistical analyses were performed to identify factors that affected the efficacy of treatment. Results The efficacy of long-pulse 1,064-nm Nd: YAG laser for the treatment of IHs in all patients in our study was 87.57%. Efficacy did not depend on sex or the location of the lesion. Older age and superficial hemangioma were the primary factors contributing to greater efficacy of long-pulse 1,064-nm Nd: YAG laser treatment for IHs. The most common side effects were pigment changes, skin atrophy, and wrinkled redundant skin, which usually resolved spontaneously within 1 to 3 years. Conclusions Long-pulse 1,064-nm Nd: YAG laser is a safe and efficacious treatment for IHs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

pH measurement is widely used in many fields. Ratiometric pH sensing is an important way to improve the detection accuracy. Herein, five water-soluble cationic porphyrin derivatives were synthesized and their optical property changes with pH value were investigated. Their pH-dependent assembly/disassembly behaviors caused significant changes in both absorption and fluorescence spectra, thus making them promising bimodal ratiometric probes for both colorimetric and fluorescent pH sensing. Different substituent identity and position confer these probes with different sensitive pH-sensing ranges, and the substituent position gives a larger effect. By selecting different porphyrins, different signal intensity ratios and different fluorescence excitation wavelengths, sensitive pH sensing can be achieved in the range of 2.1-8.0. Having demonstrated the excellent reversibility, good accuracy and low cytotoxicity of the probes, they were successfully applied in pH sensing inside living cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two-dimensional (2D) cluster-based silver(I) complex {[Ag2(μ3-L1)2(μ2-HL1)] ·H2O ·3NO3} n ( 1) was isolated under hydrothermal conditions using the multi-dentate triazole derivative ligand 4-(4-aminobenzene)-1, 2, 4-triazole (L1) and the corresponding silver(I) salts. The results indicate that 1 is constructed by tetranuclear AgI clusters as secondary building blocks. Each tetranuclear AgI cluster links four neighboring AgI clusters by eight bridging μ3-L1 ligands forming a two-dimensional (2D) microporous cluster-based framework. Compound 1 also represents a scarcely reported example of coordination frameworks with 4-(4-aminobenzene)-1, 2, 4-triazole. The solid-state fluorescence spectrum of 1 exhibits strong red-shifted enhanced photoluminescence emission in comparison with that of free L1. The versatile bidentate and tridentate coordination modes of L1 in 1 together with flexible dihedral angles between aromatic benzene and triazole rings also reveal great potential in the construction of functional frameworks with L1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract . Two aliphatic dicarboxy1ic acid ligands, iminodiacetic acid (H2L1) and 3,3-thiodipropionic acid (H2L2), were used to construct two novel lead(II) frameworks, namely, [Pb(μ4-L1)Br] n ( 1) and [Pb3(μ9-L2)(μ2-Br)2Br2] n ( 2), under hydrothermal conditions. It has to be noted that for 1 the central PbII ions are bridged by L2- ligands resulting in infinite right- and left-handed helical Pb-(O-C-O)-Pb linkage. Compound 2 represents a novel 3D hybrid luminescent lead(II) framework with I3O0 type connectivity. For 2 infinite 2D Pb-O-Pb inorganic layers and trinuclear Pb3Br4 clusters are inter-linked forming a 3D inorganic connectivity. In 1 the five-coordinate central PbII ions adopt a hemi-directed coordination arrangement, whereas in 2 six-coordinate Pb1, six-coordinate Pb2, and four-coordinate Pb3 atoms adopt hemi-directed coordination arrangements. The variable lead(II) coordination environment and flexible coordination modes of carboxy1ic acid ligands such as H2L1 and H2L2 also reveal great potential for constructing novel inorganic-organic hybrid materials. Furthermore TGA, FT-IR, PXRD, elemental analysis, and photo-luminescent properties of 1 and 2 were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five novel pyrazole-coupled glucosides, 1,5-diaryl-1 H-pyrazol-3-yl 2,3,4,6-tetra- O-acetyl- β- D-glucopyranosides 5a- 5e, were synthesized by the phase-transfer catalytic reaction of 1,5-diaryl-1 H-pyrazol-3-ols 4a- 4e with acetobromo- α- D-glucose in H2O/CHCl3 under alkaline conditions, using Bu4N+Br− as catalyst. Then, glucosides 5a- 5c were deacetylated in a solution of Na2CO3/MeOH to yield the 1,5-diaryl-3-( β- D-glucopyranosyloxy)-1 H-pyrazoles 6a- 6c. Their structures were characterized by 1H,1H-COSY, 1H-, 13C-, and 19F-NMR spectroscopy, as well as elemental analysis. The structures of 5d and 6c were also determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. A preliminary in vitro bioassay indicated that compounds 4e and 5d exhibited excellent-to-medium fungicidal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum at the dosage of 10 μg/ml. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. Erythropoietin (EPO) can reverse radiotherapy-induced anaemia by stimulating bone marrow cells to produce erythrocytes. However, there are limited studies that address the mechanisms by which EPO exerts its beneficial effects in radiotherapy-induced anaemia. In the present study, we used a human bone marrow-derived EPO-dependent leukaemia cell line UT-7/EPO that progressed further in erythroid development to evaluate the anti-apoptotic effects of EPO on irradiated human erythroid progenitor. 2. The UT-7/EPO cells exposed to γ-irradiation were cultured in the presence or absence of EPO at a concentration of 7 U/mL. The cell viability, cell apoptosis and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax and caspase 3 were examined. 3. The results showed that EPO protected the viability of human UT-7/EPO cells exposed to γ-irradiation. EPO significantly inhibited γ-irradiation-induced apoptosis in human UT-7/EPO cells: a significant decrease in the percentage of apoptotic cells was observed (62, 69 and 62% at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively). Furthermore, EPO significantly increased the expression of Bcl-2 protein and the relative Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and decreased the activation of caspase 3 and formation of the p17 and p12 cleavage in similar conditions. 4. In conclusion, EPO exerts anti-apoptotic effects on irradiated human UT-7/EPO cells through upregulation of Bcl-2 protein and the relative Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and by decreasing the activation of caspase 3. These findings may contribute to our understanding of the beneficial function of EPO in radiotherapy-induced anaemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frontispiz: Frequency-Upconverted Stimulated Emission by Up to Six-Photon Excitation from Highly Extended Spiro-Fused Ladder-Type Oligo(p-phenylene)s Frequency-upconverted stimulated emission, MPA cross-section, multiphoton absorption (MPA), oligo(p-phenylene)s, spiro-fused molecules Keywords: frequency-upconverted stimulated emission; MPA cross-section; multiphoton absorption (MPA); oligo(p-phenylene)s; spiro-fused molecules EN frequency-upconverted stimulated emission MPA cross-section multiphoton absorption (MPA) oligo(p-phenylene)s spiro-fused molecules 1 1 1 04/22/21 20210426 NES 210426 B Photochemie b Im Forschungsartikel auf S. 10095 berichten Wen-Yong Lai, Kok Wai Cheah, Wei Huang et al. über leiterförmige Oligophenylene mit effizienter aufkonvertierter Fluoreszenz und stimulierter Emission durch Multiphotonenabsorption von bis zu sechs Photonen. [Extracted from the article]

Organic semiconductor lasers (OSLs) have emerged as particularly challenging. One of the major issues preventing the successful realization of lasing from organic emitters under electrically pumped conditions is the inevitable population of triplet excitons. Herein, a novel concept is presented to construct triplet–singlet guest–host gain systems with incorporating iridium complexes as the triplet sensitizers and a fluorescent conjugated polymer as the gain media to achieve light amplification. The direct triplet–singlet energy transfer process is confirmed by photoluminescence excitation spectra, photoinduced absorption spectroscopy, and fluorescence transients of the blend samples. Successful light amplification with a threefold lower amplified spontaneous emission threshold and much better lasing performance is demonstrated for the resulting triplet–singlet guest–host system as compared with the corresponding gain system without triplet sensitizers. Moreover, under electrically driven conditions, the fluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on the triplet–singlet guest–host systems with "triplet sensitizers" exhibit enhanced electrical performance relative to those without. The work suggests an effective general methodology to utilize both the singlet and triplet excitons to contribute to the light amplification with excellent electrical performance in OLEDs, opening prospects toward attempting electrically pumped OSLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]