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The emergence of various topological semimetal states presents a novel opportunity for enhancing the efficiency of thermoelectric transport. This study introduces a recipe to improve the thermoelectric (TE) performance in topological materials containing single‐pair Weyl points (SP WPs) fermions and phonons. The recipe focuses on two key factors contributing to the enhancement of TE performance: the increase in the density of states to achieve a high power factor, and the introduction of additional phonon scattering to reduce the lattice thermal conductivity. The proposed recipe is confirmed in a half‐metallic SP WPs material BaNiIO6 through first‐principles methods. An enhanced density of states arises near the energy of the SP WPs in BaNiIO6, leading to a peak power factor connected to the complex Fermi surface due to the degeneracy of Weyl pockets in energy. Furthermore, it is shown that the SP WPs phonons in BaNiIO6 possess a high scattering rate and can likely contribute to the low lattice thermal conductivity, especially when two crossing points in SP WPs do not degenerate in frequency. The new recipe can be used for discovering high‐performance thermoelectric materials in the future by utilizing the transport advantages of degenerate‐in‐energy SP WPs fermions and non‐degenerate‐in‐frequency SP WPs phonons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilization of faeces has long been a popular approach for genetic and ecological studies of wildlife. However, the success of molecular marker genotyping and genome resequencing is often unpredictable due to insufficient enrichment of endogenous DNA in the total faecal DNA that is dominated by bacterial DNA. Here, we report a simple and cheap method named PEERS to predominantly lyse animal cells over bacteria by using sodium dodecyl sulphate so as to discharge endogenous DNA into liquid phase before bacterial DNA. By brief centrifugation, total DNA with enriched endogenous fraction can be extracted from the supernatant using routine methods. Our assessments showed that the endogenous DNA extracted by PEERS was significantly enriched for various types of faeces from different species, preservation time and conditions. It significantly improves the genotyping correctness and efficiency of genome resequencing with the total additional cost of $ 0.1 and a short incubation step to treat a faecal sample. We also provide methods to assess the enrichment efficiency of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA and models to predict the usability of faecal DNA for genotyping of short tandem repeat, single‐nucleotide polymorphism and whole‐genome resequencing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D second‐order topological insulators (SOTIs) have sparked significant interest, but currently, the proposed realistic 2D materials for SOTIs are limited to nonmagnetic systems. In this study, for the first time, a single layer of chalcogenide CrSiTe3—an experimentally realized transition metal trichalcogenide is proposed with a layer structure—as a 2D ferromagnetic (FM) SOTI. Based on first‐principles calculations, this study confirms that the CrSiTe3 monolayer exhibits a nontrivial gapped bulk state in the spin‐up channel and a trivial gapped bulk state in the spin‐down channel. Based on the higher‐order bulk–boundary correspondence, it demonstrates that the CrSiTe3 monolayer exhibits topologically protected corner states with a quantized fractional charge (e3$\frac{e}{3}$) in the spin‐up channel. Notably, unlike previous nonmagnetic examples, the topological corner states of the CrSiTe3 monolayer are spin‐polarized and pinned at the corners of the sample in real space. Furthermore, the CrSiTe3 monolayer retains SOTI features when the spin–orbit coupling (SOC) is considered, as evidenced by the corner charge and corner states distribution. Finally, by applying biaxial strain and hole doping, this study transforms the magnetic insulating bulk states into spin‐gapless semiconducting and half‐metallic bulk states, respectively. Importantly, the topological corner states persist in the spin‐up channel under these conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D second‐order topological insulators (SOTIs) have sparked significant interest, but currently, the proposed realistic 2D materials for SOTIs are limited to nonmagnetic systems. In this study, for the first time, a single layer of chalcogenide CrSiTe3—an experimentally realized transition metal trichalcogenide is proposed with a layer structure—as a 2D ferromagnetic (FM) SOTI. Based on first‐principles calculations, this study confirms that the CrSiTe3 monolayer exhibits a nontrivial gapped bulk state in the spin‐up channel and a trivial gapped bulk state in the spin‐down channel. Based on the higher‐order bulk–boundary correspondence, it demonstrates that the CrSiTe3 monolayer exhibits topologically protected corner states with a quantized fractional charge (e3$\frac{e}{3}$) in the spin‐up channel. Notably, unlike previous nonmagnetic examples, the topological corner states of the CrSiTe3 monolayer are spin‐polarized and pinned at the corners of the sample in real space. Furthermore, the CrSiTe3 monolayer retains SOTI features when the spin–orbit coupling (SOC) is considered, as evidenced by the corner charge and corner states distribution. Finally, by applying biaxial strain and hole doping, this study transforms the magnetic insulating bulk states into spin‐gapless semiconducting and half‐metallic bulk states, respectively. Importantly, the topological corner states persist in the spin‐up channel under these conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When a spherical droplet moves parallel to the direction of motion of its surrounding gas medium, it will deform into an ellipsoidal droplet. In this paper, an exposition of a novel model for predicting the minimum flow rate for the continuous removal of liquids from gas wells based on two theories is presented. First, droplet breakup principle is utilized to microscopically obtain the maximum size parameters of ellipsoidal droplets, and second, droplet force equilibrium is adopted to macroscopically calculate the critical droplet entrainment rate. Moreover, effect of variations in the windward area (attributed to droplet deformation) on the drag coefficient is determined. Impacts of variations in pressure, temperature, and pipe diameter on the gas‐liquid two‐phase friction resistance and gas‐liquid surface tension are also considered. For model verification and comparison with other droplet entrainment models, field data from 3436 gas wells are utilized. The field data well validates the results with a 92% accuracy, indicating that the new model has a better comprehensive performance in determining whether or not a gas well is loaded. Besides, parameter sensitivity analyses including the effects of drag coefficient, surface tension, and friction coefficient on the minimum flow rate of gas are performed. Finally, the relationship curve of critical droplet entrainment rates corresponding to different pressures and pipe diameters is established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Performing stress‐sensitivity evaluation on a high‐temperature and high‐pressure gas reservoir is essential for correctly understanding the characteristics of physical property changes and reasonably designing the development scheme of a reservoir under stratum conditions. By focusing on six core samples with different physical properties in a gas field in the Yingqiong Basin, stress‐sensitivity experiments have been conducted along with mercury intrusion porosimetry and X‐ray diffraction measurements to study the relationship among porosity, permeability, and effective stress at a temperature of 140°C and effective stress ranging from 2 MPa to 70 MPa. Our results showed that the stress‐sensitivity curve characterized by three‐stage segmentation is primarily affected by average pore radius and mineral composition but has no direct relation with porosity and permeability. Meanwhile, the stress sensitivity of permeability is mainly related to the average pore throat radius and mineral composition of core specimen. The smaller the pore throat radius and the higher the clay content, the stronger the stress sensitivity of permeability. Under high‐temperature and high‐pressure conditions, the stress sensitivities of permeability and porosity can be characterized by power functions although the stress sensitivity of permeability is about 2–11 times higher than that of porosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article looks on the standard biobanking of gut microbiota. It states that consensus recommendations depicted various fundamental procedures and methods in management of clinical information for microbiota samples including stool, gastrointestinal mucosal tissue and oral samples. An overview on the standard facility and equipment for storage of gut micorbiota, is also mentioned.

Aim Differentiated embryonic chondrocyte gene 1 ( DEC1) is involved in the neuronal differentiation and development. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of DEC1 in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine ( MPP+)-induced PD model. Methods The location of DEC1 and tyrosine hydroxylase ( TH)-positive neurons were detected by immunofluorescence. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine ( MPTP)-induced mouse subacute model of PD was established to evaluate the change of DEC1 expression in midbrain. Then, SH- SY5Y cells were used to investigate the role of DEC1 in MPP+-induced neurotoxicity. Results We showed that the co-expressed DEC1 and TH neurons took up more than 80% of the expressed TH neurons in the midbrain of mice. DEC1/ TH double-positive neurons decreased by 40.6% in SNpc and 28.8% in VTA of MPTP-injured mice. Consistently, DEC1, TH and dopamine transporter ( DAT) expression decreased in the midbrain of MPTP mice. In SY- SY5Y cells, MPP+ significantly suppressed DEC1 expression and increased the cleaved caspase 3/caspase 3 and Bax/Bcl-2. DEC1 overexpression relieved, whereas DEC1 knockdown aggravated MPP+-induced cytotoxicity. Likewise, DEC1 overexpression and knockdown inversely regulated the expression of β-catenin and PI3Kp110α ( PIK3 CA), an essential role in Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Interestingly, LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K/Akt signaling, aggravated, whereas LiCl, an activator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, abolished the reduction in DEC1 by MPP+. It is established that these two pathways are interconnected by the phosphorylation status of GSK3β. DEC1 overexpression increased but MPP+ and DEC1 knockdown decreased GSK3β phosphorylation. Conclusion Downregulation of DEC1 contributes to MPP+-induced neurotoxicity by suppressing PI3K/Akt/ GSK3β pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel triethylenetetramine-functionalized magnetic graphene oxide composite was prepared and used as a magnetic solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the fast detection of ten trace-level phenolic environmental estrogens in environmental water. The synthesized material was carefully characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to confirm the structure and components. The adsorption and desorption conditions of the adsorbent toward phenolic environmental estrogens were optimized in detailed to obtain the best extraction recovery and elution efficiency. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection of the method for ten phenolic environmental estrogens were in range of 0.15-1.5 ng/L, which was lower than the reported methods for phenolic environmental estrogens detection in literatures. This could be contributed to the unique structure and property of the as-prepared material. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of environmental water samples with recoveries ranging from 88.5 to 105.6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein by endothelial cells is a critical step for the initiation of atherosclerosis. Triacylglycerol uptake in these cells is understood to be a part of the process. The present investigation, comparison among the effects of simple acylglycerol, including tristearin, triolein, and trilinolein, upon oxidized low-density lipoprotein -induced oxidative stress was undertaken. Results indicated that trilinolein (78 % ± 0.02) and triolein (90 % ± 0.01) increased cell viability of endothelial cells exposed to oxidized low-density lipoprotein, whereas tristearin decreased the cell viability (55 % ± 0.03) ( P < 0.05). Oxidized low-density lipoprotein treatment significantly increased apoptosis (23 %), compared to cells simultaneously exposed to trilinolein (19 %) or triolein (16 %), where apoptosis was reduced ( P < 0.05). On the other hand, exposure to tristearin further increased oxidized low-density lipoprotein -induced cell apoptosis (34 %). Treatment with trilinolein or triolein on oxidized low-density lipoprotein -stimulated endothelial cells inhibited the expression of ICAM-1 and E-selectin mRNA. Moreover, both trilinolein and triolein demonstrated a strong antioxidant response to oxidative stress caused by oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Taken together, the results indicate trilinolein and triolein possess anti-inflammatory properties, which are mediated via the antioxidant defense system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimisation of ultrasound extraction of semen astragali complanati flavonoids was studied by measuring characteristic absorbance at 266 nm as the response and using response surface methodology (four-variable, three-level Box-Behnken design, BBD) in this article. The optimal conditions were obtained as 52 °C, 34 min, 26:1 (mL:g) and 100 mesh (0.120-0.150 mm) for extraction temperature, extraction time, solvent-to-sample ratio as well as particle size, respectively. Under these conditions, validation experiments were carried out and the experimental value of A266 was 0.9907 ± 0.032 ( n = 3), which corresponded to an experimental extraction yield of 7.08%. Compounds in the extracts obtained with the optimum extraction conditions were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array and mass spectrometry detectors (HPLC-DAD-MS). Among the 14 compounds that were tentatively identified in the extracts according to their ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and related literature reports, four were reported for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trans fatty acids (TFA) have been considered as an independent risk factor of coronary heart disease, sudden death and insulin-resistance, and different TFA isomers may have different effects on the progression of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of two major TFA, elaidic acid and linolelaidic acid which have the same number of carbons but a different number and configuration of trans bonds, on the proliferation of human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells (HUVSMC). Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium and flow cytometry assays showed that the cell proliferation rose to 115.37 ± 0.39 and 117.5 ± 0.57 % and the cell number in the S phase of the cell cycle reached 27.7 ± 0.7 and 25.8 ± 2.8 % when treated with 50 μM elaidic acid and 20 μM linolelaidic acid, respectively. Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analyses showed that the two TFA increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of PCNA, CDK2 and Cyclin E in HUVSMC. Moreover, gas chromatography analysis showed that the total PUFA level of HUVSMC was lower after treatment with the two TFA, especially n-3 PUFA. These results suggested that linolelaidic acid exhibited a stronger proliferative effect on HUVSMC than elaidic acid, and regulation of CDK2 and Cyclin E may be important for the effect of the TFA on atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The total synthesis of Hirtellanine A was accomplished by two different synthetic approaches. Hirtellanine A was assembled using a one-pot, tandem acid-mediated deprotection and tautomerization cascade starting from quinone derivative 23. The key features of the synthesis include a Houben-Hoesch reaction of aryl cyanide 3 with phloroglucinol, a one-pot sequential boronation, a Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of aryl bromide 33 with aryl iodide 26, and a base-mediated regioselective Claisen rearrangement for the benzopyran construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ricin A chain ( RTA) depurinates the α-sarcin/ricin loop after it undergoes retrograde trafficking to the cytosol. The structural features of RTA involved in intracellular transport are not known. To explore this, we fused enhanced green fluorescent protein ( EGFP) to precursor ( preRTA-EGFP), containing a 35-residue leader, and mature RTA ( matRTA-EGFP). Both were enzymatically active and toxic in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PreRTA-EGFP was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum ( ER) initially and was subsequently transported to the vacuole, whereas matRTA-EGFP remained in the cytosol, indicating that ER localization is a prerequisite for vacuole transport. When the two glycosylation sites in RTA were mutated, the mature form was fully active and toxic, suggesting that the mutations do not affect catalytic activity. However, nonglycosylated preRTA-EGFP had reduced toxicity, depurination and delayed vacuole transport, indicating that N-glycosylation affects transport of RTA out of the ER. Point mutations in the C-terminal hydrophobic region restricted RTA to the ER and eliminated toxicity and depurination, indicating that this sequence is critical for ER exit. These results demonstrate that N-glycosylation and the C-terminal hydrophobic region stimulate the toxicity of RTA by promoting ER export. The timing of depurination coincided with the timing of vacuole transport, suggesting that RTA may enter the cytosol during vacuole transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ricin A-chain ( RTA) depurinates the sarcin-ricin loop of 28S ribosomal RNA and inhibits protein synthesis in mammalian cells. In yeast, the ribosomal stalk facilitates the interaction of RTA with the ribosome and subsequent depurination. Despite homology between the stalk structures from yeast and humans, there are notable differences. The human ribosomal stalk contains two identical heterodimers of P1 and P2 bound to P0, whereas the yeast stalk consists of two different heterodimers, P1α- P2β and P2α- P1β, bound to P0. RTA exhibits higher activity towards mammalian ribosomes than towards ribosomes from other organisms, suggesting that the mode of interaction with ribosomes may vary. Here, we examined whether the human ribosomal stalk proteins facilitate the interaction of RTA with human ribosomes and subsequent depurination of the sarcin-ricin loop. Using small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of P1/ P2 expression in human cells, we demonstrated that the depurination activity of RTA is lower when P1 and P2 levels are reduced. Biacore analysis showed that ribosomes from P1/ P2-depleted cells have a reduced ability to bind RTA, which correlates with reduced depurination activity both in vitro and inside cells. RTA interacts directly with recombinant human P1- P2 dimer, further demonstrating the importance of human P1 and P2 in enabling RTA to bind and depurinate human ribosomes. Structured digital abstract P2, P1 and RTA physically interact by surface plasmon resonance (View interaction), P2, P1 and RTA physically interact by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using a new improved approximation scheme to deal with the centrifugal term, we solve approximately the Schrödinger equation with the generalized Morse potentials for the arbitrary angular momentum values. The bound state energy spectra and the unnormalized radial wave functions have been approximately obtained by using the basic concept of the supersymmetric shape invariance formalism and the function analysis method. The numerical experiments show that our approximate results are in better agreement with those obtained by using the numerical integration approach than the approximate results obtained by using the conventional approximation scheme to deal with the centrifugal term. We also calculate the rotational transition frequencies for HF molecule and compare them with the experimental data. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) like ricin, pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) and Shiga-like toxins 1 and 2 (Stx1 and Stx2) share the same substrate, the α-sarcin/ricin loop, but differ in their specificities towards prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes. Ricin depurinates the eukaryotic ribosomes more efficiently than the prokaryotic ribosomes, while PAP can depurinate both types of ribosomes. Accumulating evidence suggests that different docking sites on the ribosome might be used by different RIPs, providing a basis for understanding the mechanism underlying their kingdom specificity. Our previous results demonstrated that PAP binds to the ribosomal protein L3 to depurinate the α-sarcin/ricin loop and binding of PAP to L3 was critical for its cytotoxicity. Here, we used surface plasmon resonance to demonstrate that ricin toxin A chain (RTA) binds to the P1 and P2 proteins of the ribosomal stalk in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ribosomes from the P protein mutants were depurinated less than the wild-type ribosomes when treated with RTA in vitro. Ribosome depurination was reduced when RTA was expressed in the ΔP1 and ΔP2 mutants in vivo and these mutants were more resistant to the cytotoxicity of RTA than the wild-type cells. We further show that while RTA, Stx1 and Stx2 have similar requirements for ribosome depurination, PAP has different requirements, providing evidence that the interaction of RIPs with different ribosomal proteins is responsible for their ribosome specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El-Mallakh RS, El-Masri MA, O'Malley Huff M, Li X-P, Decker S, Levy RS. Intracerebroventricular administration of ouabain as a model of mania in rats. Bipolar Disord 2003: 5: 362–365. © Blackwell Munksgaard, 2003 Human bipolar illness is characterized by mood state- and diagnosis-associated abnormalities of cellular cation distribution and transport. These include reduced sodium pump activity and expression and increased intracellular sodium. If these alterations are related to the pathophysiology of the disease, rather than secondary or ancillary abnormalities, then one would expect that modeling of these changes in vivo would produce lithium-preventable behavioral abnormalities. Ouabain, a potent inhibitor of the sodium pump, was administered intracerebroventricularly to male rats previously fed lithium-containing food or plain rat chow. Locomotion was then quantified in an open field. Ouabain increased locomotion 300% over baseline. Lithium pretreatment prevented the ouabain-induced hyperlocomotion response. Inhibition of central nervous system sodium pump with ouabain produces a plausible animal model of mania. This model may be useful for preclinical screening of potential mood stabilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is used to evaluate local variations in the power-law exponents of sonic log data. The resulting wavelet spectrum can be compared with the corresponding global estimates obtained by conventional Fourier transform methods. In Fourier analysis, the fundamental tool used to characterize a fluctuating velocity distribution is the power spectrum. It represents the energy contained in each wavenumber and thus provides information regarding the importance of each scale of heterogeneity. However, important spatial information regarding the location of events becomes implicit in the phase angle of the Fourier transform. In this paper, it is shown how the square of the amplitude of the wavelet transform is related to the Fourier spectrum and how spatial information can be expressed in an explicit manner. Using the conservation of energy, it is shown that the average wavelet power spectrum over the total depth range is equal to the global power spectrum. A Gaussian wavelet is chosen to realize the wavelet transform. Two synthetic sonic logs with exponential and von Karman correlation functions are used to demonstrate the potential of the suggested analysis. Furthermore, the wavelet transform is applied to the KTB (Continental Deep Drilling Program) sonic log data. The wide range of applications of the CWT shows that this transform is a natural tool for characterizing the structural properties of underground heterogeneities. It offers the possibility of separating the multiscale components of heterogeneities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Differentiated embryonic chondrocyte gene 1 (DEC1) is involved in the neuronal differentiation and development. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of DEC1 in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPP + )-induced PD model., Methods: The location of DEC1 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons were detected by immunofluorescence. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mouse subacute model of PD was established to evaluate the change of DEC1 expression in midbrain. Then, SH-SY5Y cells were used to investigate the role of DEC1 in MPP + -induced neurotoxicity., Results: We showed that the co-expressed DEC1 and TH neurons took up more than 80% of the expressed TH neurons in the midbrain of mice. DEC1/TH double-positive neurons decreased by 40.6% in SNpc and 28.8% in VTA of MPTP-injured mice. Consistently, DEC1, TH and dopamine transporter (DAT) expression decreased in the midbrain of MPTP mice. In SY-SY5Y cells, MPP + significantly suppressed DEC1 expression and increased the cleaved caspase 3/caspase 3 and Bax/Bcl-2. DEC1 overexpression relieved, whereas DEC1 knockdown aggravated MPP + -induced cytotoxicity. Likewise, DEC1 overexpression and knockdown inversely regulated the expression of β-catenin and PI3Kp110α (PIK3CA), an essential role in Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Interestingly, LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K/Akt signaling, aggravated, whereas LiCl, an activator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, abolished the reduction in DEC1 by MPP + . It is established that these two pathways are interconnected by the phosphorylation status of GSK3β. DEC1 overexpression increased but MPP + and DEC1 knockdown decreased GSK3β phosphorylation., Conclusion: Downregulation of DEC1 contributes to MPP + -induced neurotoxicity by suppressing PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway., (© 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The title compound, [CuCl(2)(C(21)H(19)N(3))], lies on a twofold rotation axis that passes through the N(pyrid-yl)-Cu bond; this symmetry element relates one half of the organic ligand to the other as well as one Cl ligand to the other. The three N atoms span the axial-equatorial-axial sites of the trigonal-bipyramidal coordination polyhedron; the geometry of the Cu(II) atom is 31% distorted from trigonal-bipyramidal (towards square-pyramidal along the Berry pseudorotation pathway).

In the mol-ecule of the title compound, [MnCl(2)(C(25)H(19)N(3))], the three N atoms span the axial-equatorial-axial sites of the trigonal-bipyramidal coordination polyhedron; the geometry of the Mn(II) atom is 34% distorted from trigonal-bipyramidal (towards square-pyramidal along the Berry pseudorotation pathway). One of the Cl atoms is disordered over two positions in a 0.82 (3):0.18 (3) ratio. Weak inter-molecular C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding occurs in the crystal structure.

In the title compound, [CrCl(3)(C(19)H(13)Br(2)N(3))], the Cr(3+ )ion is coordinated by the tridentate 2,6-bis-[(4-bromo-phen-yl)imino-meth-yl]pyridine Schiff base ligand in a fac-octa-hedral geometry. The dihedral angles between the pyridine and benzene rings are 23.9 (6) and 70.7 (1)°.

In the title compound, {[Cd(C(8)H(4)O(4))(C(11)H(6)N(2)O)(H(2)O)(3)]·2H(2)O}(n), the Cd(II) atom is seven-coordinated by two N atoms from the phenanthroline-derived 4,5-diaza-fluorene-9-one ligand, two O atoms from one bidentate benzene-1,3-dicarboxyl-ate ligand and three O atoms from the three water mol-ecules in a distorted penta-gonal-bipyramidal arrangement. Moreover, there are two dissociative water mol-ecules in each unit. Neighbouring units inter-act through π-π inter-actions [centroid-centroid distances = 3.325 (3) and 3.358 (4) Å] and O-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding, resulting in a two-dimensional network extending parallel to (001).

In the title compound, [Co(C(14)H(8)O(4))(C(18)H(10)N(4))](n), the Co(II) atom is six-coordinated by four O atoms from two different biphenyl-2,2'-dicarboxyl-ate ligands and two N atoms from the bidentate dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine ligand in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. The Co(II) atoms are bridged by the biphenyl-2,2'-dicarboxyl-ate ligands to form a one-dimensional chain structure. π-π inter-actions between neighbouring chains result in a two-dimensional supra-molecular network (centroid-to-centroid separation = 3.381 Å).