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This study presents the design and synthesis of a hydrogel composite optimized for Interface Solar Steam Generation (ISSG), merging photothermal MoS2 hollow nanospheres, enhanced via polydopamine (PDA) coating for superior light absorption, with a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel matrix. The composite achieves a photothermal conversion efficiency of 95.6% at the interface, highlighting its effectiveness in solar energy harvesting. Under 1 kW m⁻2 solar irradiance, remarkable evaporation rates of 5.41 kg m⁻2 h⁻¹ (pure water) and 5.07 kg m⁻2 h⁻¹ (seawater) are recorded, alongside conversion efficiencies of 93.7% and 90.8%. Outdoor testing confirms a steady freshwater production at 3.11 kg m⁻2 h⁻¹. Incorporating the photothermal evaporation coupled with water splitting for hydrogen production, this system effectively mitigates the corrosive effects of chloride ions typically encountered in seawater, ensuring the integrity of the catalyst and thereby maintaining a high hydrogen production rate of 45.5 mmol m⁻2 h⁻¹. It exemplifies a sophisticated approach to balancing thermal dynamics and water transportation in solar evaporation technology. By demonstrating the feasibility of concurrent efficient photothermal evaporation and catalytic hydrogen production, this research introduces a pivotal strategy for enhancing the practicality and versatility of ISSG systems, thereby advancing sustainable energy and water treatment solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tacit understanding refers to the ability of team members to work together seamlessly and intuitively without explicitly communicating in detail. This ability is crucial for effective teamwork in complex situations that involve both manned and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Existing collaborative tasks between manned and unmanned aircraft focus mainly on optimizing communication and the UAVs' flight paths but neglect the benefits of tacit and intelligent operational cooperation with pilots. To address this limitation, we propose a tacit collaborative attack method that utilizes the UAVs' capacity for tacit understanding to infer human intent and select the appropriate targets for collaborative attack missions. A learning framework incorporating intention prediction and reinforcement learning paradigms is developed to teach the UAV to generate corresponding collaborative attack actions. Finally, we present results from extensive simulation experiments in a homemade game environment to demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of our method within the proposed framework. The video can be found at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CjXhkD7ko14. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota are critical factors in HIV progression, reciprocally influencing each other. Besides bacteria, the fungal microbiota, a significant component of the gut, plays a pivotal role in this dysregulation. This study aims to investigate changes in the gut mucosal barrier and mycobiota during the initial stages of HIV infection, focusing on the involvement of intestinal fungi and their secretions in mucosal damage. Peripheral blood, intestinal mucosa, and fecal samples were collected from 13 asymptomatic HIV‐infected individuals at the non‐AIDS stage and 13 healthy controls. Assessments included colonoscopy, immune function analysis, and measurement of mucosal damage markers (LPS, I‐FABP, and D‐LA) and inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6 and IL‐18). Additionally, Claudin‐1 levels in mucosal samples and fungal profiles in fecal samples were evaluated. The study found that colonic abnormalities were significantly more prevalent in the HIV group compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001) and Claudin‐1 levels were notably lower in the HIV group (p < 0.001). Candida albicans (p = 0.0084), its secretion SAP1 (p = 0.023), and the levels of IL‐18 (p = 0.0016) and IL‐6 (p < 0.001) were all significantly higher in the HIV group. CD4+ T‐cell counts were positively correlated with Claudin‐1 expression (p = 0.034, r = 0.417). Candida albicans showed negative correlations with several virulence factors, while other fungi exhibited varied correlations. Additionally, Claudin‐1 levels were significantly negatively correlated with Candida albicans (p = 0.013, r = −0.668), SAP1 (p = 0.027, r = −0.609), IL‐18 (p < 0.001, r = −0.922), and IL‐6 (p < 0.001, r = −0.920). Overall, these findings suggest that asymptomatic HIV‐infected individuals have already exhibited intestinal mucosal damage in the early stage and highlight the critical role of Candida albicans and its secretions in early‐stage intestinal mucosal barrier damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a growing interest in developing catalysts to enable the reversible iodine conversion reaction for high‐performance aqueous zinc‐iodine batteries (AZIBs). While diatomic catalysts (DACs) have demonstrated superior performance in various catalytic reactions due to their ability to facilitate synergistic charge interactions, their application in AZIBs remains unexplored. Herein, we present, for the first time, a DAC comprising Mn−Zn dual atoms anchored on a nitrogen‐doped carbon matrix (MnZn−NC) for iodine loading, resulting in a high‐performance AZIB with a capacity of 224 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 and remarkable cycling stability over 320,000 cycles. The electron hopping along the Mn−N−Zn bridge is stimulated via a spin exchange mechanism. This process broadens the Mn 3dxy band width and enhances the metallic character of the catalyst, thus facilitating charge transfer between the catalysts and reaction intermediates. Additionally, the increased electron occupancy within the d‐orbital of Zn elevates Zn's d‐band center, thereby enhancing chemical interactions between MnZn−NC and I‐based species. Furthermore, our mechanism demonstrates potential applicability to other Metal‐Zn−NC DACs with spin‐polarized atoms. Our work elucidates a clear mechanistic understanding of diatomic catalysts and provides new insights into catalyst design for AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article in the Australasian Journal of Dermatology discusses a case of a 57-year-old female diagnosed with pemphigus foliaceus (PF) with prominent neutrophilic pustules. The patient was treated with Acitretin after initial treatments with antihistamines and traditional Chinese medicine. The use of Acitretin led to a significant improvement in the patient's condition, with no recurrence of skin lesions observed three months post-discharge. The article highlights the effectiveness of Acitretin in treating isolated PF with prominent neutrophilic pustules, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. [Extracted from the article]

Compared with traditional techniques, solid‐state magnetocaloric phase transition materials (MPTMs), based on the giant magnetocaloric effect (GMCE), can achieve a higher energy conversion efficiency for caloric applications. As one of the most promising MPTMs, the hexagonal (Mn,Fe)2(P,Si)‐based compounds host some advantages, but the existing hysteresis and relatively unstable GMCE properties need to be properly tackled. In this study, it is found that substitutions with Ni, Pd, and Pt can maintain and even enhance the GMCE (≈8.7% maximum improvement of |Δsm|). For a magnetic field change of Δμ0H = 2 T, all samples obtain a |Δsm| in the range of 20–25 J kg−1 K−1 with a low thermal hysteresis ΔThys (≤5.6 K). The performance surpasses almost all other (Mn,Fe)2(P,Si)‐based materials with ΔThys (<10 K) reported until now. The occupancy of substitutional Ni/Pd/Pt atoms is determined by X‐ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, and density functional theory calculations. The difference in GMCE properties upon doping is understood from the competition between a weakening of the magnetic exchange interactions and the different degrees of orbital hybridization among 3d‐4d‐5d elements. The studies elaborate on the responsible mechanism and provide a general strategy through d‐block doping to further optimize the GMCE of this materials family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores integrative techniques for analyzing insect behavior using micro-CT and Blender. Researchers have developed a workflow that combines micro-CT scanning, high-speed videography, biomechanical model reconstruction, optimization, visualization, and animation to simulate insect behavior, focusing on fruit fly aggression as an example. The study provides insights into studying insect behavior and creating dynamic models for research and design purposes, offering a comprehensive understanding of insect behavior, particularly aggression, and potential applications in bioinspired design and fabrication of bionic robots. [Extracted from the article]

Manganese (Mn) oxides are promising cathode materials for rechargeable aqueous Zn‐ion batteries. However, the Mn dissolution in weakly acidic electrolytes always hinders the development of better aqueous Zn–Mn batteries. Herein, a hydroxylated manganese oxide cathode material (H‐MnO2) is fabricated using an electrochemical method for stable aqueous Zn–Mn batteries without relying on the Mn2+ electrolyte additives. The partial hydroxylation of the oxides leads to charge redistribution of the material, changing the reaction thermodynamics and kinetics. Theoretical simulation suggests that the hydroxylation of manganese oxide promotes both Zn2+ adsorption thermodynamics and diffusion kinetics on the surface of H‐MnO2 but weakens the interaction between H+ and the electrode. Therefore, Zn2+ ions can be more reactive with the hydroxylated manganese oxide than H+ ions. Experimental results show that the Zn2+ insertion mechanism dominates the charge storage process of H‐MnO2, and the H+‐induced Mn dissolution reaction is effectively alleviated. Importantly, H‐MnO2 exhibits good cycling stability with 95% capacity retention over 5000 cycles at the current density of 3.8 A g−1 in the ZnSO4 electrolyte, outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art aqueous Zn–Mn batteries, even those with Mn2+ electrolyte additives. The findings provide new insights for designing stable manganese oxide cathodes in aqueous Zn–Mn batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterogeneous extracellular vesicles (EVs) from various types of tumours are acknowledged for inducing the formation of pre‐metastatic "niches" in draining lymph nodes (LNs) to promote lymphatic metastasis. In order to identify the specific subpopulations of EVs involved, we performed high‐resolution proteomic analysis combined with nanoflow cytometry of bladder cancer (BCa) tissue‐derived EVs to identify a novel subset of tumour‐derived EVs that contain integrin α6 (ITGA6+EVs) and revealed the positive correlation of ITGA6+EVs with the formation of pre‐metastatic niche in draining LNs and lymphatic metastasis in multicentre clinical analysis of 820‐case BCa patients. BCa‐derived ITGA6+EVs induced E‐selectin (SELE)‐marked lymphatic remodelling pre‐metastatic niche and promoted metastasis in draining LNs through delivering cargo circRNA‐LIPAR to lymphatic endothelial cells in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, LIPAR linked ITGA6 to the switch II domain of RAB5A and sustained RAB5A GTP‐bound activated state, thus maintaining the production of ITGA6+EVs loaded with LIPAR through endosomal trafficking. ITGA6+EVs targeted lymphatic vessels through ITGA6‐CD151 interplay and released LIPAR to induce SELE overexpression‐marked lymphatic remodelling pre‐metastatic niche. Importantly, we constructed engineered‐ITGA6 EVs to inhibit lymphatic pre‐metastatic niche, which suppressed lymphatic metastasis and prolonged survival in preclinical models. Collectively, our study uncovers the mechanism of BCa‐derived ITGA6+EVs mediating pre‐metastatic niche and provides an engineered‐EV‐based strategy against BCa lymphatic metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a promising biomarker for noninvasive cancer diagnostics, particularly in the context of metastatic non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Detecting targetable variants through ctDNA analysis offers the potential to guide treatment decisions, especially in cases where tissue samples are insufficient or unavailable. Method: In this study, we developed and validated a next‐generation sequencing panel targeting 101 cancer‐related genes (101‐test) to detect somatic variants in ctDNA from a large cohort of Chinese patients with metastatic NSCLC. The performance of the 101‐test was assessed by evaluating its limit of detection (LOD), accuracy, and precision in identifying molecular variants. Additionally, the concordance between ctDNA and tissue samples for detecting targetable variants was analyzed in 904 patients. Results: The 101‐test demonstrated a LOD of 0.38% for single‐nucleotide variants (SNVs), 0.33% for insertions and deletions (InDels), and 0.33% for fusions. Sensitivity was 98.3% for SNVs, 100% for InDels, and 100% for fusions when compared to digital droplet PCR (ddPCR)/breakpoint PCR reference methods. The by‐variant sensitivity for somatic variants was 97.5%, with a specificity of 99.9% between tumor‐only and tumor‐normal analyses. In a real‐world cohort, the concordance between ctDNA and tissue samples for identifying targetable variants was 72.2% (457/633). Notably, the EGFR S768I variant, recently recommended by clinical guidelines, achieved an 80% concordance rate. Furthermore, 4.3% of patients (27/633) with targetable variants were identified exclusively through ctDNA testing. Conclusion: The ctDNA‐based 101‐test is a highly sensitive and specific tool for detecting targetable variants in metastatic NSCLC, particularly in cases with insufficient tissue samples. The findings support the use of ctDNA testing as a reliable and complementary method to traditional tissue‐based molecular analysis, enhancing the precision of treatment strategies for NSCLC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The alpine grasslands of the Qiangtang Plateau face significant ecological risks due to extensive human activities, particularly in areas along lakeshores and riverbanks, where overgrazing has caused severe degradation and salinization of the grasslands. Conducting fieldwork in such environments presents significant challenges for long‐term community‐scale landscape ecological research. In this study, the habitat characteristics of dominant plant communities in the alpine basin of Zhari Namco were quantified from three perspectives: topography, hydrology, and fractional vegetation cover. Using Aster GDEM and Landsat imagery, five grassland types were mapped for 2001–2021. Based on the spatial variables of area, shape, and distance, 13 landscape indices were selected to observe spatiotemporal changes. The results revealed several key findings: (1) The patch structure of the zonal vegetation Stipa purpurea steppe has undergone a pattern of dispersion‐aggregation‐dispersion in the past 20 years, yet the core habitat area remains unchanged by more than 52%, indicating fundamental stability in the southern Qiangtang alpine grassland; (2) Using the minimally grazed Kobresia pygmaea meadow as a reference, other communities exhibit stability similar to or approaching it, but with significant differences in aggregation level. The gradual expansion of grazing and economic activities has been a driving factor; and (3) Water conservation projects have diversified the use of water resources in river and lakeside habitats. Stipa purpurea + Carex moorcroftii steppe and Carex swamp meadow exhibit optimal carrying capacity, making them the only areas with relatively high sustainability. The study underscores that the current ecological benefits are a result of effective management. However, without proper management, the region could trend towards landscape fragmentation, becoming the most vulnerable zone in the watershed. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen retrospective analysis of grazing intensity and trend analysis of habitat changes to provide a scientific basis for local economic development and grazing management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anode‐free rechargeable batteries (AFRBs), equipped with bare collectors at the anode, are potential electrochemical energy storage technology attributed to their simplified cell configuration, high energy density, and cost reduction. Nevertheless, issues including insufficient Coulombic efficiency as well as the formation of the dendrites restrict their practical implementation. In recent years, various strategies have been proposed to overcome the critical issues of AFRBs. Among which, interfacial properties play key roles for achieving high stable AFRBs. In this review, an overview of AFRBs is discussed in the first part. Then, the main strategies based on interfacial regulation engineering toward high‐performance AFRBs are summarized including designing of current collectors, introducing of surface coating layers, modification of electrolytes, separators engineering, cathode materials regulation, and so forth. In addition, some future perspectives for developing AFRBs are proposed. This review will create new avenues on constructing stable AFRBs for advanced energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the development of MASH-Ocean 1.0, an interactive platform that allows researchers to investigate microbial diversity, function, and biogeography using marine metagenomic data. The platform integrates global marine metagenomic data and provides various analysis modules for researchers studying hydrosphere ecosystems. These modules include diversity analysis, function analysis, biogeography analysis, and interaction network analysis. The platform allows users to visualize taxonomic composition, metabolic functional pathways, global distribution patterns of microbial species and genes, and microbial co-occurrence networks. The platform aims to provide a comprehensive and convenient service for researchers working with omics data from hydrosphere ecosystems. [Extracted from the article]

Chrysanthemum morifolium is cultivated worldwide and has high ornamental, tea, and medicinal value. With the increasing area of chrysanthemum cultivation and years of continuous cropping, Fusarium wilt disease frequently occurs in various production areas, seriously affecting the quality and yield and causing huge economic losses. However, the molecular response mechanism of Fusarium wilt infection remains unclear, which limits the molecular breeding process for disease resistance in chrysanthemums. In the present study, we analyzed the molecular response mechanisms of 'Huangju,' one of the tea chrysanthemum cultivars severely infested with Fusarium wilt in the field at the early, middle, and late phases of F. oxysporum infestation. 'Huangju' responded to the infestation mainly through galactose metabolism, plant‐pathogen interaction, auxin, abscisic acid, and ethylene signalling in the early phase; galactose metabolism, plant‐pathogen interaction, auxin, salicylic acid signal, and certain transcription factors (e.g., CmWRKY48) in the middle phase; and galactose metabolism in the late phase. Notably, the galactose metabolism was important in the early, middle, and late phases of 'Huangju' response to F. oxysporum. Meanwhile, the phytohormone auxin was involved in the early and middle responses. Furthermore, silencing of CmWRKY48 in 'Huangju' resulted in resistance to F. oxysporum. Our results revealed a new molecular pattern for chrysanthemum in response to Fusarium wilt in the early, middle, and late phases, providing a foundation for the molecular breeding of chrysanthemum for disease resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Relationship between body mass index (BMI), frailty, and clinical adverse events remains unclear in patients with heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in different patient populations. We aimed to compare the association of BMI, frailty, and clinical adverse events between a US cohort from the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist (TOPCAT) study and a Chinese cohort from the Heart Failure Registry of Patient Outcomes (HERO) study. Methods and results: We used data of 1715 participants enrolled from America in the TOPCAT study and 1487 patients with HFpEF in the Chinese registry study, the HERO. We evaluated the relationship between BMI and frailty using multivariate restricted cubic spline logistic regression. Association between frailty and BMI categories and primary outcomes including HF hospitalization, aborted sudden death, and cardiovascular death, all‐cause mortality, and HF hospitalization were analysed by Cox proportional hazards models. The patients' mean age was 72 ± 11 years for both study populations, with 50% and 46% female for the TOPCAT study and the HERO study, respectively. Patients in the TOPCAT study had a higher mean BMI (33.9 vs. 24 kg/m2), with 72.3% vs. 52.9% defined as moderately to severely frail (frailty index > 0.3). In the TOPCAT study, risk of frailty rose as BMI increased, but not in the HERO study. Patients with frailty were at significant higher risk for the primary composite outcomes [hazard ratio (HR) 1.84 (95% confidence interval: 1.46–2.32)], all‐cause mortality [HR 1.73 (1.34–2.25)], and HF hospitalization [HR 1.83 (1.40–2.40)] in the TOPCAT study. The corresponding numbers in the HERO study were 1.26 (1.01–1.57), 2.21 (1.45–3.35), and 1.15 (0.81–1.37), respectively. The association of frailty with clinical outcomes did not vary with BMI categories in the two studies. Conclusions: BMI distribution and association between BMI and frailty risk were different between the two study populations. Frailty was associated with clinical adverse events and this association was consistent across different BMI categories in both studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly effective electromagnetic (EM) wave absorber materials with strong reflection loss (RL) and a wide absorption bandwidth (EBW) in gigahertz (GHz) frequencies are crucial for advanced wireless applications and portable electronics. Traditional microwave absorbers lack magnetic loss and struggle with impedance matching, while ferrites are stable, exhibit excellent magnetic and dielectric losses, and offer better impedance matching. However, achieving the desired EBW in ferrites remains a challenge, necessitating further composition design. In this study, impedance matching is successfully enhanced and EBW in Ni–Zn ferrite is broadened by successive doping with Mn and Co , without incorporation of any polymer filler. It is found that Ni0.4Co0.1Zn0.5Fe1.9Mn0.1O4 material exhibits exceptional EM wave absorption, with a maximum RL of −48.7 dB. It also featured a significant EBW of 10.8 GHz, maintaining a 90% absorption rate (RL < −10 dB) for a thickness of 4.5 mm. These outstanding properties result from substantial magnetic losses and favorable impedance matching. These findings represent a significant step forward in the development of microwave absorber materials, addressing EM wave pollution concerns within GHz frequencies, including the frequency band used in popular 5G technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tomographic synthetic aperture radar (TomoSAR) possesses 3D imaging capability, making it significant for building reconstruction using TomoSAR data. The reconstruction algorithm is closely related to building point cloud detection, while traditional detection methods suffer from low automation and reliance on manual configuration. This study proposes a building point cloud reconstruction method based on deep learning semantic segmentation. Initially, deep learning method is employed for end‐to‐end building point cloud segmentation, followed by point cloud reconstruction based on the segmentation results. The proposed method is simple and efficient, elevating the level of automation in point cloud processing. Experimental validation on real TomoSAR data confirms that the proposed method achieves automated and refined reconstruction of building point clouds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc‐sulfur (Zn‐S) batteries show great potential for unlocking high energy and safety aqueous batteries. Yet, the sluggish kinetic and poor redox reversibility of the sulfur conversion reaction in aqueous solution challenge the development of Zn‐S batteries. Here, we fabricate a high‐performance Zn‐S battery using highly water‐soluble ZnI2 as an effective catalyst. In situ experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that the strong interaction between I− and the ZnS nanoparticles (discharge product) leads to the atomic rearrangement of ZnS, weakening the Zn‐S bonding, and thus facilitating the electrochemical oxidation reaction of ZnS to S. The aqueous Zn‐S battery exhibited a high energy density of 742 Wh kg(sulfur)−1 at the power density of 210.8 W kg(sulfur)−1 and good cycling stability over 550 cycles. Our findings provide new insights about the iodide catalytic effect for cathode conversion reaction in Zn‐S batteries, which is conducive to promoting the future development of high‐performance aqueous batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study published in the International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases examines the potential link between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and prostate cancer (PCa). Using genetic variants as instrumental variables, the study finds that genetic predisposition to RA is associated with an increased risk of PCa. The study suggests that understanding the genetic mechanisms behind this relationship could lead to the development of interventions to modify the immunological status and prevent PCa. The study also identifies specific genes and factors that may play a role in the relationship between RA and PCa, emphasizing the need for appropriate screening protocols for RA patients. [Extracted from the article]

The demand for high‐performance materials in thermoelectric (TE) technology has driven continuous efforts to enhance the performance of commercialized Bi2Te3‐based thermoelectric materials. Here, we report success in achieving significant performance improvements in n‐type Bi2Te2.8Se0.2S0.01 through the implementation of a hot extrusion manufacturing process. This tailored manufacturing process has yielded a desired microstructure characterized by grain growth and preferred orientations. The resulting enlarged grain‐based microstructure exhibits reduced dislocations and defects that originated from plastic deformation during extrusion and post annealing. As such, the charge carrier mobility is significantly enhanced, leading to an ultrahigh power factor of approximately 51 μW cm−1 K−2 at ambient temperature. Consequently, a maximum figure of merit (zT) of 1.12 is achieved at 348 K in the combination of extrusion and annealing procedures. Using the synthesized n‐type Bi2Te2.8Se0.2S0.01 material, full‐scale cooling modules have been fabricated. These modules demonstrate record cooling performance, with a maximum temperature difference (ΔT) of 73.9 K at a hot‐side temperature of 300 K and a maximum cooling power density of 2.2 W cm−2. The cooling performance of these TE devices surpasses that of commercially available devices, establishing their potential for next‐generation TE cooling applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is great heterogeneity in the quality of care among hospitals in China, but studies on the performance measures and prognosis of patients with heart failure (HF) are still deficient. Hypothesis: Performance measures have been used as a guideline to clinicans, however, the association between them and outcomes among HF patients in China remains unclear. Methods: We analyzed 4497 patients with HF from the Heart Failure Registry of Patient Outcomes study. Performance measures were determined according to the guidelines, and the patients were divided into four groups based on a composite performance score. Multiple imputation and Cox proportional‐hazard regression models were used to assess the association between the performance measures and clinical outcomes. Results: Overall, only 12.5% of patients met the top 25% of the performance measures, whereas 33.5% of patients met the bottom 25% of the measures. A total of 992 (22.2%) patients died within 1 year, involving a larger proportion of patients who had met only the bottom 25% of the performance measures than had met the top 25% (27.0% vs. 16.3%, respectively). The patients who met the top 25% of the measures had a lower 1‐year mortality rate (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.78, 95% confidence interval: 0.61–0.98). Conclusions: The association between performance measures and mortality appeared to follow a dose–response pattern with a larger degree of compliance with performance measures being associated with a lower mortality rate in patients with HF. Accordingly, the quality of care for patients with HF in China needs to be further improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The real‐time tracking process of dim targets in space is mainly achieved through the correlation and prediction of dots after the detection and calculation process. The on‐board calculation of the tracking needs to be completed in milliseconds, and it needs to reach the microsecond level at high frame rates. For real‐time tracking of dim targets in space, it is necessary to achieve universal tracking calculation acceleration in response to different space regions and complex backgrounds, which poses high requirements for engineering implementation architecture. This paper designs a Kalman filter calculation based on digital logic parallel acceleration architecture for real‐time solution of dim target tracking on‐board. A unified architecture of Vector Processing Element (VPE) was established for the calculation of Kalman filtering matrix, and an array computing structure based on VPE was designed to decompose the entire filtering process and form a parallel pipelined data stream. The prediction errors under different fixed point bit widths were analyzed and deduced, and the guidance methods for selecting the optimal bit width based on the statistical results were provided. The entire design was engineered based on Xilinx's XC7K325T, resulting in an energy efficiency improvement compared to previous designs. The single iteration calculation time does not exceed 0.7 microseconds, which can meet the current high frame rate target tracking requirements. The effectiveness of this design has been verified through simulation of random trajectory data, which is consistent with the theoretical calculation error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochromic devices (ECDs) are a hot pot due to their significant energy‐saving effect in green buildings. However, the ECDs suffer from degradation induced by ion trapping during cycling, which restricts their further development. Here, it is demonstrated that the electrochromic performance of the degraded ECDs can be rejuvenated by heat treatment method The release mechanism of trapped ions in films is simulated and validated using three types of ECDs. The semi‐solid‐state ECD evinces a state of near‐failure at low temperatures can regain its initial performance by heating. All‐solid‐state ECDs, including amorphous WO3 (a‐WO3 ECD) and crystalline WO3 (c‐WO3 ECD) as the electrochromic layer, can also release the trapped ions and regain the performance (97.3% and 95.5% of initial optical modulation) by annealing, regardless of the way of degradation. The research has extended the lifespan of multiple ECDs, providing significant practical value and promoting sustainable, and eco‐friendly development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) is reported to reduce incident atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with or without diabetes; however, its cardiovascular (CV) benefit for AF patients remains unclear.SS Aims: To investigate the effect of SGLT2i on the incidence of CV events in patients with AF. Methods: Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of SGLT2i on CV outcomes in patients with or without AF were included (PROSPERO: CRD 42023431535). The primary endpoint was the composite outcome of heart failure (HF) hospitalization and CV death. Additionally, we assessed the effects of treatment in prespecified subgroups on HF hospitalization, CV death, and all‐cause mortality. Results: Among 38,529 participants from all trials, 5018 patients with AF were treated with SGLT2i. The follow‐up period of these trials ranged from 2.3 to 3.3 years. SGLT2i treatment was significantly associated with the risk reduction of primary endpoint in patients with AF (risk ratio [RR] 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74–0.88; p < 0.001), consistent with the finding in the general population (p for interaction = 0.76). SGLT2i was also associated with a consistent reduction in the risk of HF hospitalization in patients with AF (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.69–0.84; p < 0.001) or not (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.64–0.80; p < 0.0001), with no statistical difference between them (p for interaction = 0.41). Meta‐regression further revealed no significant association between the prevalence of HF with reduced ejection fraction or diabetes and the effect size of SGLT2i. Conclusions: The treatment effects of SGLT2i were associated with a lower incidence of CV events, especially HF hospitalization, in patients with AF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To fulfill the demands of more bandwidth in 5G and 6G communication technology, new dielectric substrates that can be co‐fired into packages and devices that have low dielectric loss and improved thermal conductivity are desired. The motivation for this study is to design composites with low dielectric loss (tan δ) and high thermal conductivity (κ), while still limiting the electrical conductivity, for microwave applications involving high power and high frequency. This work describes the fabrication of high‐density electroceramic composites with a model dielectric material for cold sintering, namely sodium molybdate (Na2Mo2O7), and fillers with higher thermal conductivity such as hexagonal boron nitride. The physical properties of the composites were characterized as a function of filler vol.%, temperature, and frequency. Understanding the variation in measured properties is achieved through analyzing the respective transport mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) are an emerging technology for fire safe grid energy storage systems with sustainable material feedstocks. Yet, designing organic redox molecules with the desired solubility, viscosity, permeability, formal potential, kinetics, and stability while remaining synthetically scalable is challenging. Herein, the adaptability is demonstrated of a single‐step, high‐yield hydrothermal reaction for nine viologen chloride salts. New empirical insights are gleaned into fundamental structure–property relationships for multiobjective optimization. A new asymmetric Dex‐DiOH‐Vi derivative showcases an enhanced solubility of 2.7 m with minimal tradeoff in membrane permeability. With a record viologen cycling volumetric capacity (67 Ah L−1 anolyte theoretical), Dex‐DiOH‐Vi exhibits 14‐d of stable cycling performance in anolyte‐limiting AORFB with no crossover or chemical degradation. This work highlights the importance of designing efficient synthetic approaches of organic redox species for molecular engineering high‐performance flow battery electrolytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orientation estimation is one of the core problems in several computer vision tasks. Recently deep learning techniques combined with the Bingham distribution have attracted considerable interest towards this problem when considering ambiguities and rotational symmetries of objects. However, existing works suffer from two issues. First, the computational overhead for calculating the normalisation constant of the Bingham distribution is relatively high. Second, the choice of loss functions is uncertain. In light of these problems, we present an online deep Bingham network to estimate the orientation of objects. We sharply reduce the computational overhead of the normalisation constant by directly applying a numerical integration formula. Additionally, we are the first to give theorems on the convexity and Lipschitz continuity of the Bingham distribution's negative log‐likelihood, which formally indicates that it is a proper choice of the loss function. We test our method on three public datasets, namely the UPNA, the T‐LESS and Pascal3D+, showing that our method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art in terms of orientation accuracy and time efficiency, which can reduce the runtime by more than 6 h compared to the offline methods. The ablation experiments further demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) can significantly reduce the occurrence of early food allergy in infants (by up to 50%) by improving intestinal flora. Lacto‐N‐biose (LNB) is a potential factor for the selective growth of Bifidobacteria. Despite these observations, little is known about whether LNB, the core component of HMOs, can alleviate infant milk allergy by improving intestinal flora. Herein, in vitro simulated digestion and fermentation of LNB and its interactions with allergic infant gut microbiota were investigated. The results showed that LNB was stable under the digestion conditions of mouth, stomach and small intestine. It also could obviously modulate the composition of gut microbiota, representing the increases of the relative abundances of Bifidobacterium (65.62%), Enterococcus (6.95%), Lactobacillus (2.01%) and Blautia (2.17%). Especially, Bifidobacterium adolescentis (5.45%) and Bifidobacterium breve (23.18%) were preponderantly existed in the milk‐allergic infant intestinal flora, compared to the normal infant intestinal microbiota (P < 0.5). However, LNB treatment significantly decreased the abundance of B. adolescentis (0.18%), but largely increased the relative abundance of B. bifidum (40.63%), in comparison with the allergic infant group (8.29%) (P < 0.05). In addition, short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), either their individuals or total productions were all increased with the treatment of LNB (195.47 mM), compared to the normal control (138.05 mM) and allergic infant groups (56.89 mM) (P < 0.05). These findings will contribute to a better understanding of the protective effects of LNB in allergic diseases and provide new insights into a potential approach to relieve infant food allergy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to summarise the best evidence for the prevention and control of pressure ulcer at the support surface based on the site and stage of the pressure ulcer in order to reduce the incidence of pressure ulcer and improve the quality of care. In accordance with the top‐down principle of the 6 S model of evidence‐based resources, evidence from domestic and international databases and websites on the prevention and control of pressure ulcer on support surfaces, including randomised controlled trials, systematic reviews, evidence‐based guidelines, and evidence summaries, was systematically searched for the period from January 2000 to July 2022. Evidence grading based on the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence‐Based Health Care Centre Evidence Pre‐grading System (2014 version), Australia. The outcomes mainly embraced 12 papers, including three randomised controlled trials, three systematic reviews, three evidence‐based guidelines, and three evidence summaries. The best evidence summarised included a total of 19 recommendations in three areas: type of support surface selection assessment, use of support surfaces, and team management and quality control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium‐ion battery is a potential application system for large‐scale energy storage due to the advantage of higher nature abundance and lower production cost of sodium‐based materials. However, there exist inevitably the safety problems such as flammability due to the use of the same type of organic liquid electrolyte with lithium‐ion battery. Gel polymer electrolytes are being considered as an effective solution to replace conventional organic liquid electrolytes for building safer sodium‐ion batteries. In this review paper, the authors present a comprehensive overview of the research progress in electrochemical and physical properties of the gel polymer electrolyte‐based sodium batteries. The gel polymer electrolytes based on different polymer hosts namely poly(ethylene oxide), poly(acrylonitrile), poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(vinylidene fluoride), poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoro propylene), and other new polymer networks are summarized. The ionic conductivity, ion transference number, electrochemical window, thermal stability, mechanical property, and interfacial issue with electrodes of gel polymer electrolytes, and the corresponding influence factors are described in detail. Furthermore, the ion transport pathway and ion conduction mechanism are analyzed and discussed. In addition, the advanced gel polymer electrolyte systems including flame‐retardant polymer electrolytes, composite gel polymer electrolytes, copolymerization, single‐ion conducting polymer electrolytes, etc. with more superior and functional performance are classified and summarized. Finally, the application prospects, development opportunities, remaining challenges, and possible solutions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Programmed cell death‐1/ligand 1 inhibitors are a new treatment strategy for advanced urothelial carcinoma. Therefore, a comparative evaluation of their efficacy and toxicity compared with chemotherapy is necessary. Methods: We comprehensively searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases and performed a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials up to July 2021. We considered overall survival as the primary outcome, and progression‐free survival, objective response rate, and treatment‐related adverse events as secondary outcomes. Results: Overall, 3584 patients from five studies were evaluated. Compared with first‐line chemotherapy, programmed cell death‐1/ligand 1 inhibitors were significantly associated with worse progression‐free survival (p < 0.001) and adverse objective response rates (p < 0.001). However, the treatments were not significantly different in terms of overall survival (p = 0.33). Compared with second‐line chemotherapy, programmed cell death‐1/ligand 1 inhibitors significantly improved overall survival (p < 0.001), and there was no statistically significant difference in progression‐free survival (p = 0.89) or objective response rate (p = 0.34). Compared with chemotherapy, programmed cell death‐1/ligand 1 inhibitors were well tolerated (first‐line chemotherapy: p < 0.001; second‐line chemotherapy: p < 0.001). Conclusions: The efficacy of programmed cell death‐1/ligand 1 inhibitors in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma is not superior to that of first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy but is better than second‐line chemotherapy; however, programmed cell death‐1/ligand 1 inhibitors are safer than first‐ and second‐line chemotherapy and have a broader prospect for use in combination therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bovine uterus is susceptible to infection, and the elevated cortisol level due to stress are common in cows after delivery. The essential trace element selenium plays a pivotal role in the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory defence system of body. This study investigated whether selenium supplementation protected endometrial cells from inflammation in the presence of high‐level cortisol. The primary bovine endometrial epithelial cells were subjected to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide to establish cellular inflammation model. The gene expression of inflammatory mediators and proinflammatory cytokines was measured by quantitative PCR. The key proteins of NF‐κB and MAPK signalling pathways were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence. The result showed that pre‐treatment of Na2SeO3 (1, 2 and 4 μΜ) decreased the mRNA expression of proinflammatory genes, inhibited the activation of NF‐κB and suppressed the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, P38MAPK and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase. This inhibition of inflammation was more apparent in the presence of high‐level cortisol (30 ng/mL). These results indicated that selenium has an anti‐inflammatory effect, which is mediated via NF‐κB and MAPK signalling pathways and is augmented by cortisol in bovine endometrial epithelial cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stretchable triboelectric nanogenerator (STENG) has become the research hotspots in flexible power supply, which is indispensable in intelligent wearable electronics. In this work, an ultrastretchable Ecoflex/porous carbon‐based STENG (EP‐STENG) is presented for gesture recognition application. Due to the ultrahigh stretchability of Ecoflex (570%) and high conductivity of porous carbon, the EP thin film acts as an excellent stretchable electrode under various deformations. In addition, the output performance of the EP‐STENG can be enhanced by adjusting the concentration of porous carbon. At a mass fraction of 0.28 wt%, the EP‐STENG reaches the optimal output performance. This is due to the appropriate conductive networks and strong trapping effect. Surprisingly, the performance of the EP‐STENG still remains 70% at a stretching strain of 177%, which makes it a promising wearable sensor for human–machine interaction. Finally, the EP‐STENG‐based stretchable sensor array can acquire gesture signal of the fingers, which can control the mechanical hand to make corresponding actions. The proposed ultrastretchable EP‐STENG can promote the development of intelligent wearable system and flexible electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Inflammation is closely associated with the pathogenesis of various ocular diseases. Uveitis is a condition characterized by the inflammation of the uvea and ocular tissues that causes extreme pain, decreases visual acuity, and may eventually lead to blindness. The pharmacological functions of morroniside, isolated from Cornus officinalis, are multifarious. Morroniside exerts various therapeutic effects, e.g., it ameliorates inflammation. However, the specific anti-inflammatory effect of morroniside on lipopolysaccharide-induced uveitis has not been reported widely. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of morroniside on uveitis in mice. Methods. An endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) mouse model was constructed and treated with morroniside. The inflammatory response was observed using slit lamp microscopy, and histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin–eosin staining. The cell count in the aqueous humor was measured using a hemocytometer. The concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the ciliary body and retina were measured using ELISA kits. The expression of iNOS and Arg-1 in the ciliary body and retina was measured by immunofluorescence costaining, and western blotting was performed to measure the protein expression of JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT3, and p-STAT3 in the ciliary body and retina. Results. Morroniside effectively ameliorated the inflammatory response in EIU mice. Furthermore, morroniside significantly reduced the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the ciliary body and retina. Morroniside treatment significantly reduced the expression of iNOS in the ciliary body and retinal tissues. It also significantly inhibited p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 expression and promoted Arg-1 expression. In addition, morroniside boosted the effect of JAK inhibitors on the above indices. Conclusions. Collectively, these findings suggest that morroniside may protect against LPS-induced inflammation in uveitis by promoting M2 polarization through the inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper employs a discontinuous temporary immunity control to obtain the periodic orbit for a class of delayed malicious signal transmission model in wireless sensor networks under the framework of differential inclusion. The positivity and boundedness of the solution for the discontinuous system is proved first. Then, by using the Kakutani's fixed point theorem of set‐valued maps, the existence of a periodic orbit is obtained under some assumptions and constraints. Furthermore, the globally exponentially stable ω$$ \omega $$‐periodic orbit is investigated using the Lyapunov functional method. The obtained results can help us better understand the dynamic characteristics of discontinuous delayed systems and have direct applications to the wireless sensor networks for guaranteeing fast response to malicious signals. Finally, the numerical simulations of three examples are given to validate the correctness of the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, asymptotic stabilization problem for a class of nonlinear systems with unknown time‐varying delays is addressed. With the introduced static gain functions and new Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals, a novel output feedback control strategy is developed. A memoryless output feedback controller which does not need precise knowledge of time delays is designed. The asymptotic stabilization and the boundedness of the closed‐loop system are proved via Lyapunov analysis. Finally, numerical simulation validates the effectiveness of this method for the nonlinear time‐delay system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Esophageal cancer (EC) is a main cause of cancer‐related deaths. However, genomic alterations and the clinical value of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) in advanced or metastatic EC for precision therapy remain largely unclear. Herein, we performed comprehensive analyses on a cohort of 47 individuals with advanced or metastatic EC who underwent NGS between May 2017 and February 2020. Eventually, 227 mutated genes were identified in the cohort. TP53, NQO1, DPYD, GSTM1, XRCC1 and ERCC1 were the most mutated genes and associated with immune cell infiltration, autophagy and hypoxia. Patients who received NGS‐guided treatments exhibited better objective remission rate (ORR) (72.22%), disease control rate (DCR) (88.89%), overall survival (OS) (P =.0019) and progression‐free survival (PFS) (P =.0077) than those not receiving NGS‐guided therapies. The multivariate analyses further demonstrated that the NGS‐guided therapy was an independently prognostic factor (OS: hazard radio [HR] 0.31, 95% coincidence interval [CI] 0.1‐0.97, P =.04). In conclusion, we depicted a comprehensive mutational landscape of 47 patients with locally advanced or metastatic EC and illustrated the utility of NGS testing to guide clinical management in improving ORR, DCR, OS and PFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design guidelines for traditional cultural artefacts play an important role in Culturally Inspired Design (CID) activities and design education. In this paper, a comparative study was performed to assess the impact of present‐day design guidelines for traditional Chinese cultural artefacts on novice designers in a CID process. In all, 42 novice designers enrolled in a cultural product design course participated in this study, under two different design conditions: an unaided condition and a guideline‐aided condition. Each condition includes three stages: identification stage, translation stage and implementation stage. In the unaided condition, each participant was asked to finish an investigative report on traditional cultural artefacts without any guidance and then carry out a detailed cultural product design. These results were then compared with those of the participants in the guideline‐aided condition, who received a design guideline for traditional cultural artefacts. The results were assessed by expert raters against six design metrics: breadth, depth, quantity, variety, novelty and quality. They revealed that the design guideline for traditional cultural artefacts in a CID process promoted the analysis of cultural features and increased the novelty and quality of design outcomes but resulted in decreased variety. We propose that the design guideline for traditional cultural artefacts may be useful as part of the design process and as a pedagogical tool in cultural creative design, but the best moment at which to introduce the design guideline should be further examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a new pension model, ecological pension is an important choice to relieve the pressure of population aging in China. This paper reviews the relevant literature on the integrated development of the ecological pension industry and rural revitalization in recent years and points out that the researchers have determined the model of the ecological pension industry, the path of rural revitalization, the comprehensive development of organic pension industry, and rural revitalization and the problems they face. Some results have been achieved. However, there is still a lot of research space for the integrated development of the ecological pension industry and rural revitalization, especially to establish a perfect index system of the ecological pension industry, the measurement standard of rural revitalization, and the theoretical basis and mechanism of integrated development. Regional cooperative symbiosis is based on industrial symbiosis. In terms of research methods, attention should be paid to the combination of theoretical analysis and empirical research, to the further development of this field, and to achieve remarkable results. In the process of social and economic development, the rural ecology can be built by solving the problems of the elderly, accurately reducing rural poverty, and protecting the environment. The healthy elderly care tourism destination has realized the integrated development of rural tourism, ecological health tourism, and elderly care tourism. Taking Chang'an District of Xi'an as an example, the advantages of the district in geographical location, climate, environment, tourism resource health, as well as the constraints in the system, talent, policy, and system are demonstrated, and the corresponding countermeasures are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Surface‐based image‐to‐patient registration in current surgical navigation is mainly achieved by a 3D scanner, which has several limitations in clinical practice such as uncontrollable scanning range, complicated operation, and even high failure rate. An accurate, robust, and easy‐to‐perform image‐to‐patient registration method is urgently required. Methods: An incremental point cloud registration method was proposed for surface‐based image‐to‐patient registration. The point cloud in image space was extracted from the computed tomography (CT) image, and a template matching method was applied to remove the redundant points. The corresponding point cloud in patient space was incrementally collected by an optically tracked pointer, while the nearest point distance (NPD) constraint was applied to ensure the uniformity of the collected points. A coarse‐to‐fine registration method under the constraints of coverage ratio (CR) and outliers ratio (OR) was then proposed to obtain the optimal rigid transformation from image to patient space. The proposed method was integrated in the recently developed endoscopic navigation system, and phantom study and clinical trials were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Results: The results of the phantom study revealed that the proposed constraints greatly improved the accuracy and robustness of registration. The comparative experimental results revealed that the proposed registration method significantly outperform the scanner‐based method, and achieved comparable accuracy to the fiducial‐based method. In the clinical trials, the average registration duration was 1.24 ± 0.43 min, the target registration error (TRE) of 294 marker points (59 patients) was 1.25 ± 0.40 mm, and the lower 97.5% confidence limit of the success rate of positioning marker points exceeds the expected value (97.56% vs. 95.00%), revealed that the accuracy of the proposed method significantly met the clinical requirements (TRE ⩽ 2 mm, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The proposed method has both the advantages of high accuracy and convenience, which were absent in the scanner‐based method and the fiducial‐based method. Our findings will help improve the quality of endoscopic sinus and skull base surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate‐like lymphocytes that display a critical role in various liver diseases. However, the role of MAIT cells in cholestatic liver fibrogenesis remains obscure. Our study aims to assess the contribution of MAIT cells and underlying mechanisms during this process. Methods: Cholestatic murine models using MAIT cell‐deficient (MR1−/−) and wild‐type (WT) mice were established by feeding a 0.1% 3,5‐diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine (DDC)‐enriched diet or bile duct ligation (BDL). Liver samples were collected to determine the severity of fibrosis. Lymphocytes of the liver were isolated for analysing the phenotype and function of MAIT cells. Cell co‐culture experiments were performed to investigate the cross‐talk between MAIT and NK cells. Results: Liver MAIT cells were more activated with increased cytokines in cholestatic mice models than in control mice, although their frequency was decreased. MAIT cell deficiency led to severe liver inflammation and fibrosis with more activated HSCs in cholestatic mice. In addition, MR1−/− mice had an increased frequency of NK cells with higher expression of stimulatory receptors relative to WT mice. Paradoxically, activated MAIT cells significantly promoted the anti‐fibrotic ability of NK cells by enhancing their cytotoxicity against HSCs in co‐culture experiments. Importantly, this effect depended on direct cell–cell contact and TNF‐α produced by MAIT cells. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that MAIT cells ameliorate cholestatic liver fibrosis by enhancing the cytotoxicity of NK cells against HSCs. An in‐depth understanding of the MAIT cell‐mediated regulatory effect will provide more valuable immunotherapy strategies to treat liver fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]