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High expression of cellular self‐activated immunosuppressive molecules and extensive infiltration of suppressive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment are the main factors contributing to glioma's resistance to immunotherapy. Nonetheless, technology to modify the expression of glioma cellular self‐molecules through gene editing requires further development. This project advances cell therapy strategies to reverse the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma (TIME). Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are engineered to express bioactive proteins and demonstrate tumor‐homing characteristics upon activation by TGF‐β. These MSCs are designed to secrete the anti‐tumor immune cytokine IL‐12 and the nCD47‐SLAMF7 fusion protein, which regulates T‐cell activity and macrophage phagocytosis. The engineered MSCs are then injected in situ into the glioma site, circumventing the blood‐brain barrier to deliver high local concentrations of bioactive proteins. This approach aims to enhance the M1 polarization of infiltrating macrophages, stimulate macrophage‐mediated tumor cell phagocytosis, activate antigen‐presenting cells, and promote effector CD8+ T cell infiltration, effectively controlling glioma. Additionally, the engineered MSCs may serve as a universal treatment for other tumors that express TGF‐β at high levels. This study proposes a novel treatment strategy for the clinical management of glioma patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study demonstrates the advantages of scale‐ and variable‐dependent localization (SDL and VDL) on three‐dimensional ensemble variational data assimilation of the hourly‐updated high‐resolution regional forecast system, the Rapid Refresh Forecast System (RRFS). SDL and VDL apply different localization radii for each spatial scale and variable, respectively, by extended control vectors. Single‐observation assimilation tests and cycling experiments with RRFS indicated that SDL can enlarge the localization radius without increasing the sampling error caused by the small ensemble size and decreased associated imbalance of the analysis field, which was effective at decreasing the bias of temperature and humidity forecasts. Moreover, simultaneous assimilation of conventional and radar reflectivity data with VDL, where a smaller localization radius was applied only for hydrometeors and vertical wind, improved precipitation forecasts without introducing noisy analysis increments. Statistical verification showed that these impacts contributed to forecast error reduction, especially for low‐level temperature and heavy precipitation. Plain Language Summary: In atmospheric data assimilation based on ensemble forecasts, the analysis increment is limited to the vicinity of each observation by spatial localization to prevent spurious analysis increments due to sampling error caused by the small ensemble size. Scale‐ and variable‐dependent localization (SDL and VDL) make it possible to set optimal localization radii separately for each spatial scale and variable. Sensitivity experiments in this study with a high‐resolution forecast system showed that SDL could decrease the bias of temperature and humidity forecasts and that VDL could improve precipitation forecasts without introducing noisy analysis increments. Key Points: This study implements scale‐ and variable‐dependent localization (SDL and VDL) for data assimilation of the Rapid Refresh Forecast SystemSDL decreases the imbalance of the analysis field and the bias of temperature and humidity forecasts by the larger localization radiusVDL enables simultaneous assimilation of conventional and radar reflectivity data without introducing noisy analysis increments [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate wind speed forecasts are essential for optimizing the efficiency of wind energy operations. Currently, there is limited research on nationwide assessment of predictive performance in multiple numerical weather prediction (NWP) models for wind speed at turbine hub height over China, especially concerning wind ramp events. Utilizing observed measurements from 262 wind farms, this study evaluated the performance of five NWP models in forecasting the mean state and spatiotemporal variations of wind speed as well as wind ramps. The results indicated that the European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecast Integrated Forecasting System (ECMWF–IFS) performed the best in forecasting climatological wind speed with a temporal correlation coefficient (TCC) of 0.74 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.34 m s−1. Although not widely utilized in China, the model from Meteo‐France (MF–ARPEGE) showed promising potential for wind energy forecasting with a TCC of 0.72 and RMSE of 2.45 m s−1. In terms of temporal variations of wind speed, all the models could reasonably predict the seasonal variations of wind speed, whereas only three NWP models were able to capture the characteristics of the observed diurnal variation. An error decomposition analysis further revealed that the primary source of predicted error for wind speed was the sequence error component (SEQU), indicating the model errors were mainly attributed from the temporal inconsistency between forecasts and observations. Furthermore, the occurrences of wind ramps were generally underestimated by NWP models, while this shortcoming can be partly overcome by improving the time resolution of NWP models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stones are common and recurrent, lacking pharmacological prevention. Randall's plaques (RPs), calcium deposits in renal papillae, serve as niduses for some CaOx stones. This study explores the role of osteogenic‐like cells in RP formation resembling ossification. CaP crystals deposit around renal tubules, interstitium, and blood vessels in RP tissues. Human renal interstitial fibroblasts (hRIFs) exhibit the highest osteogenic‐like differentiation potential compared to chloride voltage‐gated channel Ka positive tubular epithelial cells, aquaporin 2 positive collecting duct cells, and vascular endothelial cells, echoing the upregulated osteogenic markers primarily in hRIFs within RP tissues. Utilizing RNA‐seq, osteomodulin (OMD) is found to be upregulated in hRIFs within RP tissues and hRIFs following osteogenic induction. Furthermore, OMD colocalizes with CaP crystals and calcium vesicles within RP tissues. OMD can enhance osteogenic‐like differentiation of hRIFs in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, crystal deposits are attenuated in mice with Omd deletion in renal interstitial fibroblasts following CaOx nephrocalcinosis induction. Mechanically, a positive feedback loop of OMD/BMP2/BMPR1A/RUNX2/OMD drives hRIFs to adopt osteogenic‐like fates, by which OMD induces osteogenic‐like microenvironment of renal interstitium to participate in RP formation. We identify OMD upregulation as a pathological feature of RP, paving the way for preventing CaOx stones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is a devastating disease, with female breast cancer becoming the leading cause of global cancer morbidity. Sorafenib is a multiple kinase inhibitor, and exhibits activity against a wide spectrum of tumor types, however, in some cases it proves insufficient. Synthesis of sorafenib analogs can be an efficient way to discover potent cancer therapeutic agents. In this work, we intended to design sorafenib analogs and determine their antiproliferative activity against five cancer cell lines (A549, HepG2, HCT116, MDA‐MB‐231, and PC‐3) using MTS method. As a result, we synthesized a sorafenib analog 1 A and its base‐promoted arranged compound 1 A2. Their in‐vitro cytotoxicity and potencies in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition study revealed that compound 1 A displayed higher inhibition activity than cisplatin in MDA‐MB‐231 (breast cancer) cells with an IC50 value of 16.18±1.42 μM. The structure of 1 A2 was explicitly confirmed by the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing deployment of dense arrays has facilitated detailed structure imaging for tectonic investigation, hazard assessment and resource exploration. Strong velocity heterogeneity and topographic changes have to be considered during passive source imaging. However, it is quite challenging for ray‐based methods, such as Kirchhoff migration or the widely used teleseismic receiver function, to handle these problems. In this study, we propose a 3‐D passive source reverse time migration strategy based on the spectral element method. It is realized by decomposing the time reversal full elastic wavefield into amplitude‐preserved vector P and S wavefields by solving the corresponding weak‐form solutions, followed by a dot‐product imaging condition to get images for the subsurface structures. It enables us to use regional 3‐D migration velocity models and take topographic variations into account, helping us to locate reflectors at more accurate positions than traditional 1‐D model‐based methods, like teleseismic receiver functions. Two synthetic tests are used to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method to handle topographic variations and complex velocity heterogeneities. Furthermore, applications to the Laramie array data using both teleseismic P and S waves enable us to identify several south‐dipping structures beneath the Laramie basin in southeast Wyoming, which are interpreted as the Cheyenne Belt suture zone and agree with, and improve upon previous geological interpretations. Plain Language Summary: Increasing deployment of dense arrays has allowed detailed structure imaging. However, traditional ray‐based migration methods or 1‐D velocity model‐based receiver function methods may greatly degrade the imaging quality without considering the full wavefield propagation effect and velocity heterogeneities. Therefore, in this study, we develop a 3‐D passive source migration based on the spectral element method, which is capable of handling topographic variations as well as complex velocity heterogeneities for real data applications. Several synthetic tests and applications to the Laramie array data using both teleseismic P and S waves are used to demonstrate the capability of our method to image complex structures, such as subduction and suture zones. Key Points: A 3‐D passive source reverse time migration based on the spectral element method is proposed to image complex structuresAmplitude‐preserved vector P and S wavefields are accurately decomposed by solving corresponding weak‐form solutionsSeveral south‐dipping structures can be identified from P and S migration results beneath the Laramie basin which are interpreted as the Cheyenne Belt suture zone [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of flexible ferromagnetic films in the application of flexible spintronic devices and microwave magnetic devices underscores the necessity for an in‐depth understanding of the dynamic magnetic properties of these films. In particular, it is crucial to comprehend the regulation of the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) frequency of flexible ferromagnetic films. This work outlines the preparation of periodic permalloy microstrip arrays with stripe domain on flexible PET films and applies them to linearly tune the FMR. The high‐frequency optical branch (5.17 GHz) and low‐frequency acoustic branch (2.89 GHz) are observed in the direction perpendicular (x‐direction) and parallel (y‐direction) to the microstrip, respectively. The Young's modulus mismatch between the PET film and permalloy layer leads to the directional distribution of local tension. This results in the enhancement of the Ht (219.4 Oe) required for the in‐plane uniform precession on the PET film, compared to that on the Si substrate (181.6 Oe). By adjusting the width and thickness of the permalloy microstrip, Ht can be adjusted linearly on the PET film. This flexible ferromagnetic film with linear regulation of FMR frequency presents a new option for the future development of flexible microwave detectors and filters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant is characterized by its high transmissibility, which has caused a worldwide epidemiological event. Yet, it turns ominous once the disease progression degenerates into severe pneumonia and sepsis, presenting a horrendous lethality. To elucidate the alveolar immune or inflammatory landscapes of Omicron critical‐ill patients, we performed single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from the patients with critical pneumonia caused by Omicron infection, and analyzed the correlation between the clinical severity scores and different immune cell subpopulations. In the BALF of Omicron critical patients, the alveolar violent myeloid inflammatory environment was determined. ISG15+ neutrophils and CXCL10+ macrophages, both expressed the interferon‐stimulated genes (ISGs), were negatively correlated with clinical pulmonary infection score, while septic CST7+ neutrophils and inflammatory VCAN+ macrophages were positively correlated with sequential organ failure assessment. The percentages of ISG15+ neutrophils were associated with more protective alveolar epithelial cells, and may reshape CD4+ T cells to the exhaustive phenotype, thus preventing immune injuries. The CXCL10+ macrophages may promote plasmablast/plasma cell survival and activation as well as the production of specific antibodies. As compared to the previous BALF scRNA‐seq data from SARS‐CoV‐2 wild‐type/Alpha critical patients, the subsets of neutrophils and macrophages with pro‐inflammatory and immunoregulatory features presented obvious distinctions, suggesting an immune disparity in Omicron variants. Overall, this study provides a BALF single‐cell atlas of Omicron critical patients, and suggests that alveolar interferon‐responsive neutrophils and macrophages may extricate SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron critical patients from the nasty fate of sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jiawei Huoxiang Zhengqi Pill (JHZP) is a commonly used Chinese patent medicine for the clinical treatment of headache, dizziness, chest tightness as well as abdominal distension, and pain caused by wind‐cold flu. In this study, a comprehensive strategy combining ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (UHPLC‐DAD) fingerprinting and multi‐component quantitative analysis was established and validated for quality evaluation of JHZP. A total of 49 characteristic common peaks were selected in a chromatographic fingerprinting study to assess the similarity of 15 batches of JHZP. Furthermore, 109 compounds were identified or preliminarily identified from JHZP by coupling with an advanced hybrid linear ion trap‐Orbitrap mass spectrometer. For quantification, the optimized ultra‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) method was employed for the simultaneous determination of 13 target compounds within 12 min. The sensitivity, precision, reproducibility, and accuracy of the method were satisfactory. This validated UPLC‐MS/MS method was successfully applied to analyzing 15 batches of JHZP. The proposed comprehensive strategy combining UHPLC‐DAD fingerprinting and multi‐component UPLC‐MS/MS analysis proved to be highly efficient, accurate, and reliable for the quality evaluation of JHZP, which can be considered as a reference for the overall quality evaluation of other Chinese herbal formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate corpus callosum (CC) size in fetuses with malformations of cortical development (MCD) and to explore the diagnostic value of three CC length (CCL) ratios in identifying cortical abnormalities. Methods: This is a single‐center retrospective study in singleton fetuses at 20–37 weeks of gestation between April 2017 and August 2022. The midsagittal plane of the fetal brain was obtained and evaluated for the following variables: length, height, area of the corpus callosum, and relevant markers, including the ratios of corpus callosum length to internal cranial occipitofrontal dimension (CCL/ICOFD), corpus callosum length to femur length (CCL/FL), and corpus callosum length to cerebellar vermian diameter (CCL/VD). Intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate measurement consistency. The accuracy of biometric measurements in prediction of MCD was assessed using the area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics curves (AUC). Results: Fetuses with MCD had a significantly decreased CCL, height (genu and splenium), and area as compared with those of normal fetuses (P <.05), but there was no significant difference in body height (P =.326). The CCL/ICOFD, CCL/FL, and CCL/VD ratios were significantly decreased in fetuses with MCD when compared with controls (P <.05). The CCL/ICOFD ratio offered the highest predictive accuracy for MCD, yielding an AUC of 0.856 (95% CI: 0.774–0.938, P <.001), followed by CCL/FL ratio (AUC, 0.780 (95% CI: 0.657–0.904), P <.001), CCL/VD ratio (AUC, 0.677 (95% CI: 0.559–0.795), P <.01). Conclusion: The corpus callosum biometric parameters in fetuses with MCD are reduced. The CCL/ICOFD ratio derived from sonographic measurements is considered a promising tool for the prenatal detection of cortical malformations. External validation of these findings and prospective studies are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Childhood sensory abnormalities experience has a crucial influence on the structure and function of the adult brain. The underlying mechanism of neurological function induced by childhood sensory abnormalities experience is still unclear. Our study was to investigate whether the GABAergic neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) regulate social disorders caused by childhood sensory abnormalities experience. Methods: We used two mouse models, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection mice and bilateral whisker trimming (BWT) mice in childhood. We applied immunofluorescence, chemogenetic and optogenetic to study the mechanism of parvalbumin (PV) neurons and somatostatin (SST) neurons in ACC in regulating social disorders induced by sensory abnormalities in childhood. Results: Inflammatory pain in childhood leads to social preference disorders, while BWT in childhood leads to social novelty disorders in adult mice. Inflammatory pain and BWT in childhood caused an increase in the number of PV and SST neurons, respectively, in adult mice ACC. Inhibiting PV neurons in ACC improved social preference disorders in adult mice that experienced inflammatory pain during childhood. Inhibiting SST neurons in ACC improved social novelty disorders in adult mice that experienced BWT in childhood. Conclusions: Our study reveals that PV and SST neurons of the ACC may play a critical role in regulating social disorders induced by sensory abnormalities in childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the need for high‐resolution imaging of shallow crustal structure, we present a linear array double‐difference (DD) adjoint tomography method, using DD Rayleigh wave traveltime measurements for enhanced spatial resolution. This method, validated through synthetic experiments, improves velocity anomaly detection with fewer iterations compared to absolute traveltime measurements. Applied to data from four linear seismic arrays in the central Tanlu fault zone (TLFZ) in the eastern China, our approach integrated both DD and absolute difference (AD) of adjoint traveltime measurements. We performed cluster analysis for data quality control, reducing data outliers and increasing reliability, particularly in suppressing cycle skipping for short‐period measurements. The resulting high‐resolution S‐wave velocity profiles in the shallow crust well delineate geological structures, revealing a continuous low‐velocity anomaly beneath the eastern branch of TLFZ. Our comparative analysis with the southern segment of TLFZ further highlights the segmented nature of the fault zone structure. These variations might suggest a dominant influence of deep magmatic processes due to destruction of the North China Craton. Our study links shallow structural features to deeper geodynamic activities, emphasizing the role of TLFZ as a critical tectonic boundary. Plain Language Summary: The Tanlu Fault Zone (TLFZ) in Eastern China, a region crucial for its dense population and economic significance, has historically experienced severe earthquakes. Particularly, the Weifang segment of the central TLFZ, despite its current low seismic activity, raises questions about potential seismic risks. And the weak structures beneath the fault zone can promote earthquake rupture and its associated hazards. To get a clearer picture of the underground structures, we developed an imaging method focusing on the seismic traveltime differences between pairs of stations of linear seismic arrays. We also developed a data screening method for the linear array to reduce the effect of unusual or extreme data points on our analysis. We used this new technique and surface wave data recovered from ambient noise to produce clear images of in the upper crust of the central TLFZ. We found a weak structure beneath the eastern branch of the TLFZ, indicating a higher risk of earthquakes in this region. We compared our results with those from the southern TLFZ and noticed links between the shallow underground features and the deeper dynamic process associated with the destruction of the North China Craton. Key Points: A linear array double‐difference adjoint tomography using ambient noise data is proposed and applied to the central Tanlu fault zone (TLFZ)The refined upper crust Vs models reveal a continuous low‐velocity anomaly beneath the eastern branch of TLFZSeismic velocity variations along the TLFZ indicate the influence of deep magmatic processes resulting from the destruction of the North China Craton [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Flavan‐3‐ols are prominent phenolic compounds found abundantly in the young leaves of tea plants. The enzymes involved in flavan‐3‐ol biosynthesis in tea plants have been extensively investigated. However, the localization and associations of these numerous functional enzymes within cells have been largely neglected. In this study, we aimed to investigate the synthesis of flavan‐3‐ols in tea plants, particularly focusing on epigallocatechin gallate. Our analysis involving the DESI‐MSI method to reveal a distinct distribution pattern of B‐ring trihydroxylated flavonoids, primarily concentrated in the outer layer of buds. Subcellular localization showed that CsC4H, CsF3′H, and CsF3′5′H localizes endoplasmic reticulum. Protein–protein interaction studies demonstrated direct associations between CsC4H, CsF3′H, and cytoplasmic enzymes (CHS, CHI, F3H, DFR, FLS, and ANR), highlighting their interactions within the biosynthetic pathway. Notably, CsF3′5′H, the enzyme for B‐ring trihydroxylation, did not directly interact with other enzymes. We identified cytochrome b5 isoform C serving as an essential redox partner, ensuring the proper functioning of CsF3′5′H. Our findings suggest the existence of distinct modules governing the synthesis of different B‐ring hydroxylation compounds. This study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying flavonoid diversity and efficient synthesis and enhances our understanding of the substantial accumulation of B‐ring trihydroxylated flavan‐3‐ols in tea plants. Significance Statement: Our work reveals the mechanism of flavonoid diversity and efficient synthesis in tea plants from the perspective of metabolon. Different metabolons modules provide a new perspective on the scientific problem of why tea plants accumulate high levels of EGCG. The discovery of obligate electron shuttle proteins provides new directions for improving metabolic engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Abnormalities in the gray matter structure of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) have been observed throughout the brain. However, whether cortico‐cortical connections exist between regions of gray matter atrophy in patients with CSVD has not been fully elucidated. This question was tested by comparing the gray matter covariance networks in CSVD patients with and without cognitive impairment (CI). Methods: We performed multivariate modeling of the gray matter volume measurements of 61 patients with CI (CSVD‐CI), 85 patients without CI (CSVD‐NC), and 108 healthy controls using source‐based morphological analysis (SBM) to obtain gray matter structural covariance networks at the population level. Then, correlations between structural covariance networks and cognitive functions were analyzed in CSVD patients. Finally, a support vector machine (SVM) classifier was used with the gray matter covariance network as a classification feature to identify CI among the CSVD population. Results: The results of the analysis of all the subjects showed that compared with healthy controls, the expression of the thalamic covariance network, cerebellum covariance network, and calcarine cortex covariance network was reduced in patients with CSVD. Moreover, CSVD‐CI patients showed a significant reduction in the expression of the thalamic covariance network, encompassing the thalamus and the parahippocampal gyrus, relative to CSVD‐NC patients, which persisted after excluding CSVD patients with thalamic lacunes. In patients with CSVD, cognitive functions were positively correlated with measures of the thalamic covariance network. More than 80% of CSVD patients with CI were correctly identified by the SVM classifier. Interpretation: Our findings provide new evidence to explain the distribution state of gray matter reduction in CSVD patients, and the thalamic covariance network is the core region for early gray matter reduction during the development of CSVD disease, which is related to cognitive deficits. Reduced expression of thalamic covariance networks may provide a neuroimaging biomarker for the early identification of cognitive impairment in CSVD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, two sulfhydryl‐functionalized polymers, namely, EDT‐HCPS and TMPMP‐HCPS, were synthesized according to the Friedel‐Craft s alkylation and nucleophilic substitution, and they were used to adsorb Pd2+ and Ag+ from aqueous solution. The Friedel‐Crafts alkylation offered the polymers with hyper‐cross‐linking frameworks composed of plentiful rigid methylene. The nucleophilic substitution brought abundant functional SH groups (the sulfur contents were 12.6 and 9.4 wt%, respectively) to the polymers. The adsorption results showed that the capacities of Pd2+ and Ag+ on EDT‐HCPS were larger than TMPMP‐HCPS, and the higher quantities of functional SH groups and the porosity played a beneficial role. The equilibrium data can be characterized by the Langmuir model, and the maximum capacities of Pd2+ and Ag+ on EDT‐HCPS at 308 K were predicted to be 383.92 and 212.93 mg g−1, respectively. The produced polymers represented superior adsorption selectivity, reproducibility, and reusability, demonstrating their excellent performance for the adsorption of Pd2+ and Ag+, and analysis of the adsorption mechanism demonstrated that the SH groups played a major role due to the strong chemical complexation of the functional SH with Pd2+/Ag+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Fetal anomaly screening via ultrasonography, which involves capturing and interpreting standard views, is highly challenging for inexperienced operators. We aimed to develop and validate a prenatal‐screening artificial intelligence system (PSAIS) for real‐time evaluation of the quality of anatomical images, indicating existing and missing structures. Methods: Still ultrasonographic images obtained from fetuses of 18–32 weeks of gestation between 2017 and 2018 were used to develop PSAIS based on YOLOv3 with global (anatomic site) and local (structures) feature extraction that could evaluate the image quality and indicate existing and missing structures in the fetal anatomical images. The performance of the PSAIS in recognizing 19 standard views was evaluated using retrospective real‐world fetal scan video validation datasets from four hospitals. We stratified sampled frames (standard, similar‐to‐standard, and background views at approximately 1:1:1) for experts to blindly verify the results. Results: The PSAIS was trained using 134 696 images and validated using 836 videos with 12 697 images. For internal and external validations, the multiclass macro‐average areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.943 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.815–1.000) and 0.958 (0.864–1.000); the micro‐average areas were 0.974 (0.970–0.979) and 0.973 (0.965–0.981), respectively. For similar‐to‐standard views, the PSAIS accurately labeled 90.9% (90.0%–91.4%) with key structures and indicated missing structures. Conclusions: An artificial intelligence system developed to assist trainees in fetal anomaly screening demonstrated high agreement with experts in standard view identification. Synopsis: An artificial intelligence system developed for trainees showed high agreement with experts in identifying standard view, which may promote novice operators to obtain diagnostic images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conjugated polymers that can efficiently transport both ionic and electronic charges have broad applications in next‐generation optoelectronic, bioelectronic, and energy storage devices. To date, almost all the conjugated polymers have hydrophobic backbones, which impedes efficient ion diffusion/transport in aqueous media. Here, we design and synthesize a novel hydrophilic polymer building block, 4a‐azonia‐naphthalene (AN), drawing inspiration from biological systems. Because of the strong electron‐withdrawing ability of AN, the AN‐based polymers show typical n‐type charge transport behaviors. We find that cationic aromatics exhibit strong cation‐π interactions, leading to smaller π–π stacking distance, interesting ion diffusion behavior, and good morphology stability. Additionally, AN enhances the hydrophilicity and ionic‐electronic coupling of the polymer, which can help to improve ion diffusion/injection speed, and operational stability of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). The integration of cationic building blocks will undoubtedly enrich the material library for high‐performance n‐type conjugated polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Posterior fossa epidural hematoma (PFEDH) is rare which accounts for just 4–12.9% of all EDH cases. Since its frequently subtle and nonspecific clinical presentation, CT scan has great importance for early diagnosis and treatment of PFEDH. However, indications for surgery depending on the findings of CT image are still controversial. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 40 pediatric cases of PFEDH. Their baseline characteristic, clinical presentation, imaging findings and outcomes were collected and analyzed. The ellipsoid volume equation X × Y × Z/2 was used to measure the hematoma volume. The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was used to assess the neurologic functional outcome. Results: A total of 40 pediatric PFEH patients were included with 8 patients having poor outcome and 32 patients having a relatively good prognosis. GCS score showed a significant difference between good and poor outcome groups (p < 0.001). Y value on CT image was significantly bigger in poor outcome group than good outcome group (p < 0.01). Similar results were got in X/Z value (p < 0.05) and Y/Z value (p < 0.01) which reflected the shape of hematoma. A predictive model with Y + X/Z showed the largest area under the ROC curve with a sensitivity of 75.0% and specificity of 93.7%. Conclusions: GCS score at admission was closely related to the prognosis of the pediatric patients with PFEDH. The morphometry of PFEDH has a crucial role in judging the prognosis. Axial convex-shaped hematoma was associated with poor curative effect of surgical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The non‐solvent induced phase separation technology was introduced to formulate titanium dioxide (TiO2)‐hydroxyapatite (HAP) composite modified polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, and research was conducted to explore the effect on PVDF UF membrane performance exerted by different addition amounts (0–1.0 wt%) of TiO2‐HAP composite. The results indicated that when 0.3% TiO2‐HAP composite was added, the composite membranes had a through‐channel structure, with a uniform pore structure on the surface, so that they possessed a certainly raised pure water flux. Specifically, in contrast to the pure PVDF membrane, 0.3%‐TiO2‐HAP@PVDF UF membrane exhibited an incremented pure water flux by 59.09%. Besides, TiO2‐HAP@PVDF UF membranes had decreased rejection rate of bovine serum albumin (BSA) together with water contact angle to 58.62% and 70.17°, respectively, compared to the pure PVDF membrane (85.52% & 92.75°), showing good hydrophilicity. Several pure water flux tests on the composite UF membranes revealed that the flux tended to be stable after the 4th test. In summary, the addition of TiO2‐HAP composite is capable of efficiently ameliorating PVDF base membranes from the aspects of microstructure, hydrophilicity, antifouling properties, as well as stability, allowing a good application prospect in actual water treatment. Highlights: The HAP can solve the poor adsorption of TiO2.The TiO2 can improves the interfacial adhesion between HAP and polymer.The TiO2‐HAP composite with excellent stability, corrosion resistance and et al.The TiO2‐HAP@PVDF UF membrane with anti‐pollution performance and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TiC/Inconel 718 functionally gradient materials are prepared by direct energy deposition technology. The effect of TiC content on microstructure and mechanical properties of TiC/Inconel 718 functionally gradient materials is studied. With the increase of TiC content, the microhardness and carbide grain of the specimen are improved, and the density is reduced. The grain of the specimen changes from columnar dendrites to equiaxed crystal, and the equiaxed crystal size is decreased with the increase of TiC content. However, when TiC content is above 10 wt%, the number and size of the Laves phase, coarse TiC primary, and TiC secondary dendrite are increased which causes the generation of cracks. When the TiC content is above 5 wt%, the size of carbide and the number of cracked UMT increase and the impact toughness decreases. Therefore, the optimal maximum TiC content of TiC/Inconel 718 functionally gradient materials is 5 wt% when the laser power is 2200 W. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wavelength selective switches (WSSs) are key components in commercial reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer systems that are essential for future wavelength‐division multiplexing (WDM) networks. With rapidly increasing data transmission, there is a demand for high‐capacity WSSs. However, in a WSS, the number of channels, which is related to the ratio of its band coverage relative to spectral resolution, is limited within a certain range, since the 1D dispersion of the grating fails to utilize the 2D selectivity of the liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) pixel array in the "disperse and select" architecture.. To surpass this limitation, here a virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) is employed into the WSS system to expand 1D‐dispersion into 2D space in order to fully utilize the 2D selectivity of LCoS. According to the experimental results, this VIPA‐grating‐based 2D WSS approach enables a spectral resolution that can be narrowed to 1.57 GHz (18 times improvement from 1D WSS, and massive (>1600) WDM channels can be predicted) and ultrabroadband spectral coverage across the S‐, C‐, and L‐bands of 20 THz. The data communication performance of the 2D WSS is also tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare opportunistic infection of the brain caused by reactivation of the JC virus, which can lead to a lytic infection of oligodendrocytes. We report a patient with HIV who developed PML. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare opportunistic infection of the brain caused by reactivation of the John Cunningham virus (JCV), which can lead to a lytic infection of oligodendrocytes. Herein, we report the case of a patient with HIV who developed PML that presented as a progressive disturbance of consciousness and movement. The patient's clinical symptoms progressively deteriorated, and positive JC viral DNA in his cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) helped us diagnose him with PML. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiple asymmetric subcortical and deep white‐matter lesions. Although we administered immunoreconstructive therapy, the patient's condition gradually worsened. Therefore, we suggest that PML should be considered if such lesions are found in MRIs of HIV patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TiC/Inconel 718 alloys with different TiC contents are prepared by direct energy deposition technology. The influence of laser power on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the specimens is investigated. According to the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties, it can be observed that the different TiC contents of specimens have the appropriate laser power. The excessive laser power could lead to the generation and coarsening of the Laves phase, and the increasing of dendrite spacing, which causes the formation of cracks. The appropriate laser powers are respectively 1800 and 2000 W when the TiC contents are 5 and 10 wt%. When the TiC content is 15 wt% and laser power is 2000 W, the good metallurgical bond and refined microstructure of the specimens without penetrating cracks are obtained. The penetrating cracks of the specimens have form when TiC content is 20 wt%, which indicates that the TiC maximum content of TiC/Inconel 718 composites should be less than 20 wt% when the laser power does not exceed 2000 W. With the increasing of laser power, the difference of theoretical density between actual density is reduced and the average hardness is not changed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geospatial data conflation is the process of combining multiple datasets about a geographic phenomenon to produce a single, richer dataset. It has received increased research attention due to its many applications in map making, transportation, planning, and temporal geospatial analyses, among many others. One approach to conflation, attempted from the outset in the literature, is the use of optimization‐based conflation methods. Conflation is treated as a natural optimization problem of minimizing the total number of discrepancies while finding corresponding features from two datasets. Optimization‐based conflation has several advantages over traditional methods including conciseness, being able to find an optimal solution, and ease of implementation. However, current optimization‐based conflation methods are also limited. A main shortcoming with current optimized conflation models (and other traditional methods as well) is that they are often too weak and cannot utilize the spatial context in each dataset while matching corresponding features. In particular, current optimal conflation models match a feature to targets independently from other features and therefore treat each GIS dataset as a collection of unrelated elements, reminiscent of the spaghetti GIS data model. Important contextual information such as the connectivity between adjacent elements (such as roads) is neglected during the matching. Consequently, such models may produce topologically inconsistent results. In this article, we address this issue by introducing new optimization‐based conflation models with structural constraints to preserve the connectivity and contiguity relation among features. The model is implemented using integer linear programming and compared with traditional spaghetti‐style models on multiple test datasets. Experimental results show that the new element connectivity (ec‐bimatching) model reduces false matches and consistently outperforms traditional models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efforts have been made in recent years to achieve broadband mode‐division multiplexing (MDM) for wavelength and mode hybrid multiplexing optical interconnect. However, most multiplexers are suffering from either strong chromatic aberration or material dispersion, like planar lightwave circuits, mode selective couplers, and single‐layer diffraction elements. The multi‐layer diffraction structure provides a method for achieving both mode conversion and broadband properties. However, the reported multi‐layer diffraction MDM can usually only achieve high efficiency working at a specific narrow bandwidth due to the monochromatic coherent light design. Here, a general achromatic broadband multi‐layer diffraction model is proposed to compensate the dispersion by wavefront matching of discrete multi‐wavelength optical fields. Using this model, an achromatic orbital angular momentum beam generator and an achromatic linearly polarized mode multiplexer for coarse wavelength‐division multiplexing (CWDM) optical interconnections are designed. Compared with the monochromatic designs, the generator exhibits lower wavelength dependence and the multiplexer doubles the bandwidth with mode purity exceeding 91%. Additionally, signal transmission over a 5‐km fiber is demonstrated experimentally in the CWDM‐MDM hybrid communication system. This work represents a solid step toward practical implementation of achromatic MDM and may find applications in the design of various achromatic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Watermark adding is one of the important means for image security and privacy protection in Internet of things (IOT) applications based on federated learning. It is often inseparable from adversarial training with watermark removal algorithms. The effect of watermark removal algorithms will directly affect the final result of watermark addition. However, the existing watermark removal algorithms have drawbacks such as incomplete image watermark removal, poor image quality after watermark removal, large demand for training data, and incorrect filling, which seriously affects the development of image information security and privacy protection in IOT applications based on federated learning. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes an improved image watermark removal convolutional network model based on deep image prior. First, we improve the U‐Net network model, using six downsamping layers and six deconvolution layers combined with deep image prior method to reduce the loss of details and perceive high‐level features, thereby improving the ability of the network to extract high‐level features of the image. In addition, we design a new type of loss function which is called stair loss, and add L1 loss and perception loss to establish new constraints. In order to verify the effectiveness of our method, a comprehensive experimental comparison was conducted on the public dataset PASCAL VOC 2012 in the same experimental environment with CGAN and the deep prior method. The experimental results show that the improved model combined with the deep image prior method can extract the high‐level feature information and can directly remove the watermark from the picture without pretraining the network, the L1 loss and perceptual loss can better retain the image structure information and speed up the watermark removal of the model, the stair loss corrects the final output more accurately by correcting the output of each layer; our method improves the learning ability of the model, and under the condition of the same training time, the image quality after watermark removal is higher, and the final watermark removal result is better, which is more suitable for distributed structure of IoT application based on federated learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, high‐performance organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are almost all based on conjugated polymers. Small molecules can be synthesized with high purity without batch‐to‐batch variations. However, small molecules require highly crystalline films and good molecular packings to achieve high charge carrier mobilities. Such features make their films unsuitable for ion diffusion or make their molecular packing distorted due to ion diffusion, resulting in poor ion/charge carrier transport properties and slow response speed. Herein, it is proposed to construct small‐molecule‐based supramolecular polymers to address these issues. A molecule, namely TDPP‐RD‐G7 is designed, which exhibits J‐type self‐assembling behaviors and can form supramolecular polymers in solution and conjugated‐polymer‐like networks in solid state. More importantly, the porous supramolecular polymer networks allow fast ion diffusion and greatly increase the device response speeds. As a result, the TDPP‐RD‐G7 exhibits record fast response speeds (τon/τoff) of 10.5/0.32 ms with high figure‐of‐merit (µC*) of 5.88 F cm−1 V−1 s−1 in small‐molecule OECTs. This work reveals the possible reasons that hinder the response speeds in small‐molecule OECTs and demonstrates a new "supramolecular polymer" approach to high‐performance and fast‐response small‐molecule‐based OECTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insects are the richest and most diverse group of animals and yet there remains a lack, not only of systematic research into their distribution across some key regions of the planet, but of standardized sampling strategies for their study. The Yanshan Mountains, being the boundary range between the Inner Mongolian Plateau and the North China Plain, present an indispensable piece of the insect biodiversity puzzle: both requiring systematic study and offering opportunities for the development of standardized methodologies. This is the first use of DNA metabarcoding to survey the insect biodiversity of the Yanshan Mountains. The study focuses on differences of community composition among samples collected via different methods and from different habitat types. In total, 74 bulk samples were collected from five habitat types (scrubland, woodland, wetland, farmland and grassland) using three collection methods (sweep netting, Malaise traps and light traps). After DNA extraction, PCR amplification, sequencing and diversity analysis were performed, a total of 7427 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) at ≥97% sequence similarity level were delimited, of which 7083 OTUs were identified as belonging to Insecta. Orthoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera and Hemiptera were found to be the dominant orders according to community composition analysis. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis based on Bray–Curtis distances revealed highly divergent estimates of insect community composition among samples differentiated by the collection method (R =.524802, p =.001), but nonsignificant difference among samples differentiated according to habitat (R =.051102, p =.078). The study therefore appears to indicate that the concurrent use of varied collection methods is essential to the accurate monitoring of insect biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As fresh produce e‐commerce develops, some suppliers with traditional channels begin to encroach online through agency or reselling mode of the platform. This paper studies the supplier's entry mode choice and the platform's information sharing strategy and analyzes impacts on the traditional channel. It reveals that the platform may voluntarily share information. However, increasing commission fees may inhibit the sharing motivation. The supplier may choose entry with agency selling to induce information sharing even at high commission fees. Under equilibrium strategy, the traditional channel demand and the retailer's profit may increase, indicating that supplier encroachment may achieve all‐win situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a system initiated by potassium persulfate, an ultra‐cold‐resistant reactive chlorinated resin rubber was synthesized by emulsion polymerization. In this emulsion polymerization, ethyl acrylate and butyl acrylate were used as the main components of the rubber monomer. 2‐Methoxyethyl acrylate was used as a cold‐resistant monomer, and vinyl chloroacetate was used as a vulcanized monomer. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and other rubber detection standards were used to characterize the structure and properties of the synthetic acrylate rubber. Studies showed that acrylate rubber was synthesized by emulsion polymerization, and each monomer achieved random copolymerization with high conversion. The synthetic acrylate rubber has excellent low‐temperature resistance (the brittleness temperature is −36.5 °C). In addition, the rubber has excellent mechanical properties and a high vulcanization speed and is a fast‐vulcanizing acrylic rubber. © 2022 Society of Industrial Chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glycosylation is the most common posttranslational modification of proteins. Glycosyltransferase gene differential expression dictates the glycosylation model and is epigenetically regulating glioma progression and immunity. This study is aimed at identifying the glycosyltransferase gene signature to predict the prognosis and immune characteristics of glioma. The glycosyltransferase gene signature of glioma was identified in the TCGA database and validated in the CGGA database. Glioma patients were then divided into high- and low-risk groups based on risk scores to compare survival differences and predictive capacity. Subsequently, validation of glycosyltransferase gene signature merits by comparing with other signatures and utility in clinical judgment. The immune cell infiltration, immune pathways, and immune checkpoint expression level were also analyzed and compared in the high- and low-risk groups. Finally, the signature and its gene function were tested in our cohort and in vitro experiments. Eight glycosyltransferase genes were identified to establish the glycosyltransferase signature to predict the prognosis of glioma patients. The survival time was shorter in the high-risk group compared to the low-risk group based on glycosyltransferase signature and was confirmed in an independent external cohort. The glycosyltransferase signature displayed outstanding predictive capacity than other signatures in the TCGA and CGGA database cohorts. Furthermore, patients in the high-risk group were positively correlated with TAM infiltration, immune checkpoint expression level, and protumor immune pathways in TCGA cohorts. Validation of clinical tissue specimens revealed that the high-risk group was closely associated with infiltration of M2 TAMs. High-risk genes in the signature promote glioma proliferation, invasion, and macrophage recruitment in an in vitro validation of U87 and U251 cell lines. This carefully constructed that glycosyltransferase signature can predict the prognosis and immune profile of gliomas and help us evaluate subsequent macrophage-targeted therapies as well as other immune microenvironment modulation therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A silver‐promoted decarboxylative annulation of alkynoic acids with 2‐aminopyridines has been developed to assemble 2‐arylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines. Various functionalities in the aromatic rings in the two substrates are well tolerated in this reaction and gave the desired products in good yields for a broad scope of substrates. Additional advantages of this protocol include mild reaction conditions and high regioselectivity. This report represents the first example of synthesis of 2‐arylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines from alkynoic acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Microporous film and MAP were evaluated to find the optimal method for extending the postharvest storage of strawberry. To determine the most suitable MAP system for strawberry, fruits were stored in controlled atmospheres (O2/CO2 partial pressures in kPa: 5/10; 10/10; 5/15), and in a separate experiment, strawberries were sealed in the container with different microporous PET/PE films. Results showed that the optimum atmosphere of strawberries was 10 kPa O2 + 10 kPa CO2 which could be achieved and maintained by using the microporous film with four perforations of 100 μm. By maintaining the optimal atmosphere, active EMAP could increase polyphenol compounds accumulation, with total phenolic content increased by 25% and the content of anthocyanin and total flavonoid was 13% and 29% higher than control at the end of storage. Meanwhile, active EMAP significantly increased CAT PAL and APX activities and the shelf‐life was prolonged for 6 and 3 days, respectively, compared with strawberries packed in control and passive EMAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A retrospective study of 104 patients (81 male and 23 females, the age range from 2 to 288days) with talipes equinus was conducted to explore the case factors associated with it. We analyzed and discussed the correlation of plaster correction times, age of first visit, gender, and birthplace of patients in the department and understood their correlation and causality. The data were analyzed using frequency analysis, normality test, chi-square goodness-of-fit test, chi-square test, and PLS regression. The findings are set out below. All the distributions of the number of plaster casts in the samples did not have normality. Therefore, we used the nonparametric test and partial least squares regression (PLS regression) and found that the number of plaster casts was more closely related to the age at first visit, gender, and birthplace and had a strong positive correlation. There was a negative correlation between the times of plaster correction and the compliance of braces. The lower the compliance of patients with braces, the more times the plaster correction will be conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jinan is an important city in eastern China, with rich groundwater in the region. There are four famous springs in the urban area and an abundance of geothermal water in the northern part, which makes the migration of groundwater in this area a very important issue. To study the shallow shear wave velocity structure and groundwater migration in Jinan, we utilized almost a month of continuous waveform data from 175 short period seismometers deployed by the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, in order to calculate the cross‐correlation function. We picked 7749 group dispersion curves and 6117 phase dispersion curves with a period range of 0.2–2 s. Through inversion, we obtained the fine three‐dimensional shear wave velocity and azimuthal anisotropy structure (0–2.4 km). Combining the results with local geological and hydrological data, the following conclusions were reached. (1) There are widespread high velocity anomalies in the region between the Qianfoshan and Wenhuaqiao faults, as well as to the east of the Wenhuaqiao Fault, which may be related to the intrusive gabbro known as the Jinan Intrusive Rock. (2) The two distinct high velocity anomalies in our model (referred to as west and east Jinan Intrusive Rock in this paper) may indicate that the Jinan Intrusive Rock was broken through crustal movement. (3) There is an obvious low velocity layer under the intrusive rock, which could be the channel of groundwater migration. The precipitation in the southern mountain region seeps down into the ground, then is blocked by the Jinan Intrusive Rock and can only progress downwards to a deeper part, where the groundwater is heated by the geothermal gradient. The heated water finally arrives at the northern part and forms geothermal water. (4) The depth of the low velocity layer beneath the Jinan Intrusive Rock varies laterally, which may indicate that the depth of the groundwater migration is different beneath the west and east Jinan Intrusive Rock. (5) There is strong azimuthal anisotropy in southern Jinan, with nearly E‐W fast orientation, which may be related to the tilt limestone layering structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Whether there was clinical superiority for the single‐radius prosthesis over the multi‐radius prothesis in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) still remains to be clarified. We updated a meta‐analysis including prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the clinical prognosis of patients receiving single‐radius TKA (SR‐TKA) or multi‐radius TKA (MR‐TKA). Methods: We searched the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE for eligible RCTs. Two reviewers evaluated the study quality according to the Risk of Bias tool of the Cochrane Library and extracted the data in studies individually. The extracted data included the baseline data and clinical outcome. The baseline data include the author's name, country, and year of included studies, the name of knee prosthesis used in studies, sample size, follow‐up time, and BMI of patients. The clinical data comprised primary indicators including postoperative knee range of motion (ROM), sit‐to‐stand rest, severe postoperative scorings, such as visual analog scale (VAS), American Knee Society knee score (AKS), Oxford knee scoring (OKS), and SF‐36 Quality of Life Scale, as well as various secondary indicators of complications including anterior knee pain, postoperative infection, aseptic prosthesis loosening, and prosthesis revision. The data analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software and STATA 12.0. The sensitivity analysis was performed using STATA 12.0. Results: A total of 13 RCTs, along with 1720 patients and 1726 knees, were finally included in our present meta‐analysis. We found that patients in SR‐TKA group performed better in the sit‐to‐stand test (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.05–3.41, p = 0.03) and satisfaction evaluation (OR = 3.27, 95% CI: 1.42–7.53, p = 0.005), which were only evaluated in two included RCTs. While no significant difference was found between SR‐TKA and MR‐TKA groups in terms of postoperative ROM, VAS scoring, AKS scoring, SF‐36 scoring, OKS scoring, and various complications including anterior knee pain, postoperative infection, aseptic prosthesis loosening, and prosthesis revision. Conclusion: In conclusion, our present meta‐analysis indicated that SR implants were noninferior to MR implants in TKA, and SR implants could be an alternative choice over MR implants, since patients after SR‐TKA felt more satisfied and performed better in the sit‐to‐stand test, with no significant difference in complications between SR‐TKA and MR‐TKA groups. While more relevant clinical trials with long‐term follow‐up time and specific tests evaluating the function of knee extension mechanism should be carried out to further investigate the clinical performance of SR implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic non‐healing wounds are one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus and results in a huge physical and mental burden for patients. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) have a wide range of applications in anti‐apoptosis, anti‐oxidation, and promoting blood circulation. Our study aimed to explore whether PNS could improve diabetic wound healing. High‐glucose (HG, 30 Mm) were used to incubated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to simulate the hyperglycemia environment in vivo, and 200 μg/ml (optimum harmless concentration screened) PNS was added into HG‐incubated HUVECs to investigate the protective effect of PNS on the cells. Compared with control, high glucose treatment significantly suppressed HUVEC proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis, malondialdehyde (MDA) production and nitric oxide (NO) release, promoted cell apoptosis, and deactivated the GSK‐3β/β‐catenin/VEGF pathway. PNS treatment could largely rescue the effects of HG on cell dysfunction and improve the deactivation of GSK‐3β/β‐catenin/VEGF pathway. ICG‐001, a small molecular β‐catenin inhibitor that can selectively antagonize β‐catenin mediated transcriptional activity, could eliminate the protective effects of PNS on cell dysfunction and activation of GSK‐3β/β‐catenin/VEGF pathway. Moreover, Furthermore, a diabetic model (50 mg/kg streptozotocin induced) with back skin wound was established in rats, and the wounds were administrated with petrolatum, gelatin/Bletilla striata gelatin (GT/BSGT), or GT/BSGT plus PNS. We found that PNS signally facilitated wound healing and matrix remodeling in vivo. In conclusion, our study verified that PNS improved wound healing in hyperglycemic rats via promoting endothelial cell proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis, suppressing cell apoptosis and oxidative damage, and activating the GSK‐3β/β‐catenin pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the arrival of the "von Neumann bottleneck," neuromorphic systems are receiving a lot of attention from scholars as an innovative technology by mimicking the massive parallelism and low‐power operation of the human brain. Herein, a floating‐gate‐like device constructed by the InSe/hBN/O2‐hBN van der Waals heterostructure, where the defective O2‐hBN plays the central role to trap charges, is proposed. This well‐designed device is proved to realize the synaptic functions under UV laser irradiation, such as short‐term plasticity (STP), long‐term plasticity (LTP), paired‐pulse facilitation (PPF), and long‐term potentiation/long‐term depression (LTP/LTD). Especially, the synaptic weight of excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) reaches as high as 104%, it reaches the highest standard of this kind of device in recent years, and remains above 300% synaptic weight after 200 s, thus successfully imitating the LTP in biological synapses. The key factors of LTP/LTD curves are overall excellent and can be optimized with input pulses: nonlinearity value can reach 3.32/2.35, and Gmax/Gmin above 10 is achieved. The InSe floating‐gate‐like device with O2‐hBN layer provides an alternative for better and more practical synaptic performances in the field of neuromorphic architectures based on 2D materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical vortex is a type of structured beam that carry orbital‐angular momentum (OAM) with different topological charge numbers. In this paper, we fabricate liquid crystal polymer phase plates to generate vortex beams by femtosecond 3D direct laser writing. Instead of using traditional photoresists, we compound liquid crystal monomers to create different structures. As a two‐photon direct laser writing technique, Nanoscribe is of high resolution of 100 nm, which implements high accuracy of our structures. We design spiral phase plate (SPP) with diameter of 25µm and a total height difference h of 1.25um to generate vortex beams with different topological charge numbers. We also set up the interference system to characterize the vortex beam. With the interference beam coupled, the presence of the vortex is experimentally indicated by the fringe "dislocation defects" at the center of the vortex in visible region. It presents a new way to fabricate liquid crystal polymer structures with unique birefringent properties, indicating new possibilities in photonics application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to investigate the value of exome sequencing (ES) in fetuses with callosal anomalies (CA) with or without other structural anomalies, but with normal findings by karyotyping and chromosome microarray analysis (CMA). Methods: Cases with CA with or without other structural anomalies were screened for eligibility. Fetuses with abnormal karyotyping or CMA results were excluded. We performed ES on DNA samples from eligible fetus‐parental trios and identified diagnostic genetic variants based on the ultrasonographic features. Results: A total of 50 eligible fetus‐parental trios were successfully analyzed by ES. We found 17 likely pathogenic or pathogenic variants in 14 genes from 17 fetuses, with a total proportion of diagnostic genetic variants equal to 34.0% (17/50). Of the 17 cases with a diagnosis, 10 (29.4%, 10/35) were isolated and 7 (43.8%, 7/15) were non‐isolated. Pregnancy outcome data showed that 70.0% (7/10) of the surviving isolated CA fetuses with negative ES results had a good prognosis in early childhood. Conclusions: Our study used ES prenatally for CA and showed that ES can be used diagnostically to define the molecular defects that underlie unexplained CA. Most subjects with isolated CA with negative results for genetic causes will have a favorable prognosis in early childhood. Key points: What is already known on this topic? CNVs and monogenic causes have been shown to be associated with callosal anomalies (CA).Approximately 28.8%–50% of children with CA experienced general intellectual, academic, executive, social and/or behavioral difficulties and approximately 20%–71.2% were functioning at a level comparable to typically developing children. What does this study add? This study analyzed the use of exome sequencing (ES) in a group of fetuses with CA and the total proportion of diagnostic genetic variants was 34.0%.Most subjects with isolated CA with negative results for genetic causes will have a favorable prognosis in early childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the digital economy era, digital technologies such as cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, mobile Internet, and Internet of Things are becoming the new foundation of social operation and industry innovation. In order to achieve creative transformation and innovative development of traditional opera culture and art, there is a need to actively embrace the new digital technologies of the Internet. From the perspective of big data, according to the development status of Chinese opera art, this paper examines the limitations of traditional means to protect and develop opera art and puts forward the inheritance of opera culture and the prediction of future development direction based on cloud communication. This paper demonstrates the matrix system and inheritance development direction of Kunqu Opera culture to realize cloud communication. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: firstly, promoting the overall digitalization of Kunqu Opera culture is the inevitable choice to realize the inheritance and development of Kunqu Opera; secondly, it is scientific and feasible to promote the overall digitalization and inheritance of Kunqu Opera culture. Thirdly, promoting the research and planning of cloud-spread opera should be promoted to become a national cultural strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is known and Objective: Compared with other molecular subtypes, hormone receptor‐positive breast cancer often shows worse neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficacy. This study aims to explore the relationship between the oestrogen receptor (ER)‐related genes carbonic anhydrase 12 (CA12) and trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) and their predictive value of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Methods: We investigated the relationships between CA12, TFF3 and ER status and their predictive value of anthracycline‐taxane neoadjuvant chemotherapy in 115 female breast cancer patients via real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and 4 GEO datasets: GSE41998, GSE25065, GSE20194 and GSE20271. Then, the effects of CA12 and TFF3 on the chemotherapy drugs doxorubicin and docetaxel were verified in vitro in the breast cancer cell lines MCF‐7 and BT474. Results and Discussion: The GEO datasets and RT‐PCR results showed that the relative expression of both CA12 and TFF3 was higher in oestrogen receptor‐positive samples compared with the other samples (p < 0.05). CA12 was significantly correlated with TFF3 (p < 0.05). In MCF‐7 cells, inhibition of TFF3 induced downregulation of CA12 and ESR1 (p < 0.05) at both the mRNA and the protein levels, while inhibition of CA12 also downregulated TFF3 and ESR1 (p < 0.05). In BT474 cells, inhibition of TFF3 downregulated CA12 and ESR1 (p < 0.05) at both the mRNA and the protein levels, while inhibition of CA12 led to slight upregulation of TFF3 and ESR1 (p > 0.05). Moreover, GEO datasets and RT‐PCR results showed that CA12 and TFF3 were more highly expressed in nonpathological complete response (non‐pCR) samples than in pCR samples (p < 0.05). Cell viability assays of MCF‐7 and BT474 cells showed that inhibiting CA12 and TFF3 could enhance sensitivity to doxorubicin and docetaxel (p < 0.05). What is new and Conclusion: CA12 and TFF3 were correlated with each other, and their high expression might explain the worse efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in oestrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photogating effect based on vertical structure of 2D materials allows for the realization of a highly sensitive photodetector. A highly sensitive and broad‐spectrum (365–965 nm) photodetector is reported based on the indium selenide (InSe)/rhenium disulfide (ReS2) vertical heterostructure, where the top layer InSe serves as the photogate to regulate the channel current, enabling a large photoconductive gain of 106. The detectivity of the photodetector can reach 6.51 × 1013 Jones, making this one of the highest values among reported transition metal dichalcogenide photodetectors. The photodetector represents a high responsivity of 1921 A W−1, an ultrahigh external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 6.53 × 105%, and a fast response time of 21.6 ms. The outstanding properties of the InSe/ReS2 heterojunction reveal the promising potential in high‐efficient, ultrasensitive, broadband photodetectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]