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The article focuses on the social aspects of consent and communication. Topics mentioned include the social aspects of interpersonal relations management, the social aspects of sexual relations, and the moral rights. Also mentioned are the social aspects of ontology, the prevention of human rights violation, and the importance of communication.

Nurses and nurse's aides at geriatric facilities face demanding patients and challenging situations that trigger undesired emotions. The psychological implications of care workers' emotional labour have been extensively researched, but not so their emotional experiences and the regulation of these emotions aimed at normalizing the extraordinary situations that arise in the course of geriatric care. The present study is based on data collected in interviews with 36 nurses and nurse's aides, and nine health professionals and management‐level employees, on participant observations, and on field notes collected over a period of 14 months at two geriatric institutions in Israel. The data reveal the construction of patience and impatience as the pivotal emotional experience that needs regulation to cope successfully with extraordinary situations. The findings suggest that strict patience‐display rules were constructed as an occupational impetus that exacts a price by increasing emotional load. Patience was regulated continually by normalizing practices that were culturally embedded in the organizations, by reframing patients' abusive behaviours, and by diffusing undesired emotions using detachment and disengagement practices. The findings contribute to the scarce empirical research on emotional labour of nurse's aides, and to the conceptualization and empirical study of nurses' normalizing regulation practices as cultural‐organizational artefacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To identify and compare workaholism, engagement and family interaction levels among Portuguese and Spanish nurses. Background: The contribution of nursing management and leadership to workers' health and well‐being is cardinal to ensure a healthy work environment. However, factors such as workaholism, engagement and family interaction can strongly influence nurses' performance, well‐being and safety. Method: A multicentre, comparative and cross‐sectional study using 333 Portuguese (54.1%) and Spanish (45.9%) nurses working in hospitals. Results: Portuguese nurses showed higher levels for workaholism, negative work–family interaction and negative family–work interaction, while Spanish nurses presented higher levels of engagement, positive work–family interaction and positive family–work interaction. Gender, age, job experience time, academic training, working schedule and type of employment contract influenced workaholism, engagement and work–family interaction among nurses from both countries. Conclusion: During their professional practice, nurses perceived their stress differently according to each country, with Portuguese nurses presenting worst psychological conditions than Spanish nurses, namely higher workaholism, negative work–family interactions and lower engagement. Implications for Nursing Management: Workaholism, engagement and work–family interaction are important areas in which nursing managers must invest to better respond to the new challenges of work contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Emotional distancing was introduced as a means of coping with emotional labor. It safeguards healthcare workers from difficult emotional interactions with patients. It also provides caregivers with an escape from emotional exhaustion, compassion fatigue, and burnout. Aim: This paper aims at defining emotional distancing by identifying its critical attributes and empirical use. Design/Data Source: A literature search was performed using applicable medical and health databases not merely restricted to the medical or nursing fields to understand the concept's true nature. "Emotional distance," "emotional distant," "emotional distancing," "emotionally distance," "emotionally distant," "emotionally distancing," "emotions [MeSH Terms] distance," "emotions distant," and "emotions distancing" were utilized as keywords and controlled vocabulary. Review Methods: Walker and Avant's method was utilized as a comprehensive review of the literature to clarify the meaning of emotional distancing. Antecedents, characteristics, and consequences of emotional distancing were obtained systematically. Results: Based on the analysis, emotional distancing is a self‐controlled defensive strategy involving emotional separation from patients to maintain neutrality. Conclusion: Emotional distancing can enable health‐related workers to protect the mental health of nurses while also providing best nursing care to patients. This helps reduce emotional labor and maintain nurses' professionalism. Further research is needed to develop a specific tool that can identify the circumstances and how healthcare workers can implement this strategy in practice. Emotional distancing is an important term that requires conceptual analysis as a coping strategy to protect the mental health of nurses while also serving the best nursing care to patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing from conservation of resources theory, we contend that motivation (job engagement) fully mediates the relationships between hope and human capital (antecedents) and task performance. We also propose that job engagement provides an interesting explanation for organizational citizenship behaviours (OCBs) that differs from the explanation provided by human capital. Using triad data collected from 170 employees, their supervisors, and their peers at 15 different business organizations in Turkey across four waves, we find that the associations of hope and human capital with task performance occur through job engagement. Interestingly, one path (human capital–job engagement–task performance–OCBs) provides a chain of positive associations that can explain OCBs, whereas another path (human capital–OCBs) has a direct, negative association with OCBs. The results suggest that the motivational value of job engagement leads to improvement in the task performance and OCBs of individuals who are full of hope and have high human capital. Practitioner points: Practising managers should invest in hiring, training, and retaining individuals with high levels of hope and human capital to enhance job engagement in the workplace because such individuals conserve their resources to engage in their job.Job engagement in role A (task) contributes to role B (OCBs) because high accomplishment in task performance generates positive emotions, which lead to high achievement in OCBs. Therefore, practising managers should allow their subordinates to allocate their resources to addressing their multiple roles in the order of the importance that they assign to these roles because employees' resources, energy, time, and attentional capacities are limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite increasing interest from the HRD community, little is known about how personal role engagement is experienced in everyday work situations and which factors are most important for facilitating or thwarting such experiences. A total of 124 employees from six U.K. organizations were interviewed about the factors that heighten versus reduce their everyday experiences of the emotional, cognitive, and physical aspects of personal role engagement. Template analysis revealed that task, relational, and organizational resources were the most relevant for heightened personal role engagement whereas relational and organizational hindrances were the most prominent for reduced personal role engagement. There was some variation in the salience of task and personal resources as well as challenge demands across organizational settings. Moreover, resources and demands seemed to influence personal role engagement through the psychological conditions of meaningfulness, availability, and, to some degree, safety. This study is one of the first to qualitatively explore the everyday experience of personal role engagement. In doing so, it provides deeper insight into how an HRD approach to engagement can be further advanced with an appreciation of the situational and organizational context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To identify factors affecting nurse-perceived sexual harassment and specific types of patient sexual behavior experienced by Japanese nurses. Design: Cross-sectional questionnaire study of Japanese hospital nurses. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires ( N=600) were distributed to Japanese hospital nurses, and 464 were returned (response rate of 77.3%). Two instruments were used: one was for determining sexual harassment by patients, and the other was for determining specific types of patient behavior that had sexual connotations. Findings: Registered nurses were at a much higher risk of sexual harassment than were nurse assistants. In addition, registered nurses had a much more positive attitude toward gender equality compared with assistant nurses. Conclusions: A positive attitude toward gender equality mediated by a relatively high education level might be associated with increasing reports of sexual harassment. An increasing incidence of sexual harassment claims among nurses should prompt hospital organizations to take proper action against it. Education on gender equality was thus considered a long-term solution for reducing the sexual harassment of Japanese hospital nurses. Clinical Relevance: Establishing a safer working environment could enable nurses to provide better care for patients and thereby promote the development of good relationships between nurses and patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information communication technology (ICT) work is rarely seen as a work environment where emotional and social skills are key. However, the ideal ICT worker is increasingly said to possess a range of emotional and social skills that are often associated with femininity. This raises the question of how skills are discursively gendered in ICT work. This article firstly shows which skills ICT workers identify as those needed by the ideal ICT worker. Secondly, it highlights how ICT workers construct their own skills. Thirdly, some light is shed on how the gendering of emotional and social skills shifts with different discursive contexts and it is shown what the implications of this are. It is suggested that there is a dynamic at work through which men can appear as a new ideal ICT worker with more ease than women, despite the fact that women are more often associated with social and emotional skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A group of 78 young employees in service and non-service professions reported 848 task related interactions at work over I week using a variant of the Rochester Interaction Record which measured emotion work requirements, emotional dissonance, and deviance. Multi-level analyses showed that dissonance was more likely in interactions with customers, whereas deviance, that is, the violation of display rules by acting out one's felt emotion, was more likely in co-worker interactions. Well-being in the interaction was lower (a) for interactions with emotion work requirements, (b) for dissonance, even after controlling for felt negative emotions, and (c) for deviance. Negative emotion displayed partially mediated the relationship between deviance and well-being. Regarding the relationship of more stable job related attitudes, psychosomatic complaints, and aggregated scores of social interactions, fewer effects were found than in questionnaire studies, which may be due to the fact that only interactions that lasted at least 10 minutes were assessed, as is customary in research with this instrument Among the effects found, however, many involved proportions rather than frequency of interactions, which raises the possibility of balancing and legitimizing effects of non-stressful interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, surgeons (and to a lesser extent anaesthetists) have been assisted primarily by nurses. This role has been threatened in recent years, in the UK NHS (and elsewhere), by a relatively new profession, that of the Operating Department Practitioner (ODP). The ODP profession is still in the process of establishing itself as a ‘full’ profession within UK health care. While occupational boundary disputes between professions are common in health care, it is unusual for them to become as overt as the dispute we will analyse in this paper. Drawing on fieldwork observations and interviews conducted in operating theatres, as well as documentary sources, we will show how this dispute arose, how it is manifested at both the micro and the macro level, and how both groups involved justify their positions, drawing on surprisingly similar rhetorical strategies. A further unusual feature of this dispute is the fact that, unlike many attempts by managers to substitute one type of labour for another, issues of cost are relatively unimportant, as both theatre nurses and ODPs earn similar salaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: There have been repeated attempts, especially during the last 20 years, to say precisely what caring in nursing is. Authors who undertake this task usually begin with the observation that the concept of caring is complex and elusive, and suggest that their contribution will help to clarify this most confused of notions. However, they are always followed by other authors, who do exactly the same thing. We seem to be no closer, now, to a clarification of caring than we have ever been. AIM: The paper offers a diagnosis of this situation, and explains why the project of retrieving caring from its elusiveness is an impossible one. I will suggest that this has nothing to do with the concept of caring, as such. Rather, the impossibility of the task follows from what these authors take to be knowledge of caring. METHOD: I present an analysis of some presuppositions about what knowledge is. These presuppositions pervade the literature on caring, and can be summarized as follows: knowledge of caring is an aggregate of things said about it, derived from a potentially endless series of associations, grouped into attributes on the basis of resemblances, and conceived as a holistic description of the phenomenon. Further, I suggest that this analysis is akin to the one which Foucault offers of sixteenth century knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis suggests that this way of knowing is approximately 350 years out of date, and explains why the task of arriving at knowledge (in this sense) is impossible. Moreover, Foucault's claim that sixteenth century knowledge is 'plethoric yet absolutely poverty-stricken' applies, with equal force, to nursing's knowledge of caring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observations undertaken in the operating theatre suggested that the social environment, and certain forms of staff behaviour could be explained using the space analysis developed by Erving Goffman (1969) in The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. In the study reported in this paper the theatre department was found to be a strongly 'backstage' area. However, it was also found that there were limits to this analysis, and these are explained within this article. Some practical suggestions as to how this analysis might be helpful in the management of health care institutions and the education of health care professionals are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Each year approximately 13 000 people enter higher education programmes leading to nurse registration in England. Evidence suggests that students enter nursing with strong images about how they will practice. This paper explores the nature of such images and how they are used to inform students' approaches to nursing practice. Findings come from a longitudinal study designed to investigate how students develop their professional knowledge whilst working in clinical settings. Eight pre-registration degree-course nursing students participated in the study. A multi-method approach to data collection was used over their 4-year programme. One involved in-depth interviews taking place during each of students' clinical placements. Data were analysed manually and subjected to a constant comparative method of analysis. From this material individual case studies of the five completing students were constructed, with participants checking their own case study to ensure that it reflected their intended meaning. A second phase followed where cross-case comparison addressed each of the original research questions. The question relevant to this paper was: What were students' conceptions of nursing on entry, and how do these influence their development? Findings indicate that participating students' preconceptions of nursing had a profound influence on their decision whether to continue with their course, sometimes despite social and academic set-backs, or to leave nursing. An important contribution to realizing their aims was their supernumerary status and effective support from knowledgeable and experienced practitioners. These findings indicate that with better understanding of the relationship between this form of personal knowing and practice, educators would have more information with which to select students and to design professional curricula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the importance of interpersonal relations in health care delivery. Description of the patient and practitioner relationship; Role of the relationship in meeting health needs of patients; Necessity of an open communication based on mutual respect between the patient and the care giver in determining accurate diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation of care.