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Although it is an old test, the Rogers Test of Personality Adjustment is still used in child guidance and school guidance programs. Yet, there have been few subsequent publications relating to this test since researcher C. Rogers' original report. Recently this test was used in a study based on a sample of two hundred and fifty-six fifth grade children who were selected from rural areas and small towns. The results of this study provided an opportunity to determine whether the norms given by Rogers in 1931 are still adequate for use today.

Previous research has indicated that boys, in various ways, tend to be more critical or less satisfied with their home conditions and their relations with their parents than girls. There is also evidence to support the hypothesis that children feel closer to their mothers or tend to rate their relationships with their mothers in a more favorable manner than similar their fathers. In the present report, the children's responses to various questions are organized to provide data in regard to question, to what degree do children report that they are involved in family activities? The article also traces out the difference, if any, exists between boys' and girls'.

Phenomenological personality theory is based upon the importance of determining how an individual views his world and how he reacts to these perceptions. The study has indicated the importance of applying this frame of reference to the study of interpersonal behavior in the family setting and has described a conceptual framework for research into family influences upon the personal and social development of children. One of the variables he cited was control of behavior. By control of behavior, reference is made to the physical and psychological guides and restrictions which the child perceives as being placed upon him by his parents and other family members.

Purpose To report the incidence, types and management of oculoplastic complications following OOKP surgery. Methods A retrospective review of case records of 60 patients who underwent OOKP surgery was performed between November 1996 and March 2012. Mucous membrane, eyelid and cosmetic complications were studied following each stage in the two stage OOKP procedure. Results Patients age ranged from 19 to 95 years and the follow up duration varied from 6 months to 15 years. The commonest diagnosis was Stevens‐Johnson syndrome followed by chemical or thermal burns and mucous membrane pemphigoid. Forty nine or 82% of these patients had some form of oculoplastic complication. After the Stage 1, 27% of these patients had mucous membrane complications and 15% had eyelid complications. Following the Stage 2, 68% of these patients had mucous membrane complications and 53% had eyelid complications Three patients wore cosmetic shells and all of them had shell fitting problems. Most of the complications were successfully managed with appropriate surgical procedures. Conclusion Oculoplastic complications are the most common complications after the OOKP surgery. They are most frequently noted following the Stage 2 procedure. The outcome is generally favorable with timely recognition and management and they do not usually have an adverse affect over visual acuity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Aims: We aimed to characterise motor performance in predominantly Aboriginal children living in very remote Australia, where rates of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) are high. Motor performance was assessed, and the relationship between motor skills, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and PAE was explored., Design and Methods: Motor performance was assessed using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition Complete Form, in a population-based study of children born in 2002 or 2003 living in the Fitzroy Valley, Western Australia. Composite scores ≥2SD (2nd percentile) and ≥1SD (16th percentile) below the mean were used respectively for FASD diagnosis and referral for treatment. FASD diagnoses were assigned using modified Canadian Guidelines., Results: A total of 108 children (Aboriginal: 98.1%; male: 53%) with a mean age of 8.7 years was assessed. The cohort's mean total motor composite score (mean ± SD 47.2 ± 7.6) approached the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition normative mean (50 ± 10). Motor performance was lower in children with FASD diagnosis than without (mean difference (MD) ± SD: -5.0 ± 1.8; confidence interval: -8.6 to -1.5). There was no difference between children with PAE than without (MD ± SE: -2.2 ± 1.5; confidence interval: -5.1 to 0.80). The prevalence of motor impairment (≥-2SD) was 1.9% in the entire cohort, 9.5% in children with FASD, 3.3% in children with PAE and 0.0% both in children without PAE or FASD., Discussion and Conclusions: Almost of 10% of children with FASD has significant motor impairment. Evaluation of motor function should routinely be included in assessments for FASD, to document impairment and enable targeted early intervention.[Lucas BR, Doney R, Latimer J, Watkins RE, Tsang TW, Hawkes G, Fitzpatrick JP, Oscar J, Carter M, Elliott EJ. Impairment of motor skills in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in remote Australia: The Lililwan Project. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:719-727]., (© 2016 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.)

Aim: To determine the accuracy of current methods of heart rate (HR) assessment., Methods: All participants palpated a simulated pulsating umbilicus (UMB), listened to a tapping rate (TAP) and auscultated a simulated HR (AUSC). A simulated HR of 54, 88 and 128 beats per minute (bpm) was randomised for all methods., Results: Twenty-nine healthcare staff participated in this study. Correct assessment of HR of 54 bpm as being within the 0-59 range occurred in 17.2% UMB, 17.2% TAP and 31% AUSC and was obtained in <10 seconds by 48.3%, 65.5% and 62.1%, respectively. A rate of 88 bpm was correctly assessed as within the 60-100 range in 82.8% UMB, 79.3% TAP and 79.3% AUSC and was obtained in <10 seconds by 55.2%, 58.6% and 55.2%, respectively. A rate of 128 bpm was identified as >100 bpm by 96.6% UMB, 93.1% TAP, and 93.1% AUSC and was obtained in <10 seconds by 51.7%, 55.2% and 62.1%, respectively., Conclusion: Current methods in assessing rates below 60 bpm are inaccurate and may overestimate HR. We recommend that these methods alone should not be relied upon in neonatal resuscitation and objective assessment of heart rate should be readily available at all newborn resuscitations., (©2015 Foundation Acta Paediatrica. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Aim: To compare the effectiveness of an in-line EtCO2 detector (DET) and a quantitative EtCO2 detector (CAP), both attached to a t-piece resuscitator, during PPV via a face mask., Methods: Paediatric trainees were randomly assigned to determine the method of PPV they commenced with (No device (ND), DET or CAP). Participants used each method for 2 min. Participants were video-recorded to determine the amount of effective ventilations delivered with each method., Results: Twenty-three paediatric trainees provided a total of 6035 ventilations, and 91.2% were deemed effective. The percentages of median effective ventilations with the ND, the DET and the CAP were 91.0%, 93.0% and 94.0%, respectively. Fourteen (61%) of the trainees indicated a preference for the DET method, 8 (35%) for the CAP method, and 1 (4%) of the trainees indicated a preference for the ND method. Capnography was the most effective method per patient., Conclusion: There was no adverse effect with the addition of EtCO2 detectors. Trainees favoured methods of EtCO2 monitoring during ventilation. The NeoStat device was the preferred device by the majority. The greatest efficacy was achieved with the capnography device. Capnography may enhance face mask ventilation., (©2014 Foundation Acta Paediatrica. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)