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Background: Trichosporon is an emerging yeast that causes invasive infections in immunocompromised patients experiencing prolonged hospitalisation, indwelling venous catheters and neutropenia. Methods: This retrospective observational cohort study analysed invasive Trichosporon infections (ITIs) occurring between January 2005 and December 2022 at three tertiary hospitals and compared the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of ITIs caused by Trichosporon asahii and non‐T. asahii spp. After evaluating 1067 clinical isolates, we identified 46 patients with proven ITIs, defined as cases in which Trichosporon was isolated from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or sterile tissues. Results: The patients were separated into T. asahii and non‐T. asahii groups containing 25 and 21 patients, respectively, all of which except one were immunocompromised. During this period, both the number of clinical isolates and patients with ITIs (mainly T. asahii) increased; whereas, cases involving non‐T. asahii spp. decreased. Compared with the non‐T. asahii group, the T. asahii group had more patients with multiple catheters (84% vs. 33%, p =.001) and those receiving renal replacement therapy (48% vs. 14%, p =.005). The all‐cause 28‐day mortality rate after ITI in the T. asahii group (44%) was significantly higher than in the non‐T. asahii group (10%, Log‐rank p =.014). The multivariate Cox regression model revealed that T. asahii (reference, non‐T. asahii spp.; aHR = 4.3; 95% CI = 1.2–15.2, p =.024) and neutropenia for 5 days or more (aHR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.5–3.6, p =.035) were independent factors in the 28‐day mortality after ITI. Conclusion: The proven ITIs due to T. asahii produced more unfavourable outcomes compared with ITIs caused by non‐T. asahii spp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The management of active tuberculosis (TB) in solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients is challenging given the pharmacological interaction and the potential delays in diagnosis due to atypical presentation. The incidence rates (IRs) of post‐SOT TB from the whole recipients' cohort in a high‐endemic country have not been evaluated. Methods: We established a SOT cohort (n = 15 598) and confirmed cases of TB between 2011 and 2015 from the Korean National Health Insurance Database using ICD‐10 codes. After excluding 1302 and 180 SOT‐recipients due to age (<18 years) and presence of pre‐SOT TB and/or treatment for latent TB during wash‐out period between 2006 and cohort entry, we analyzed 14 116 SOT recipients and 70 580 individuals with no history of SOT matched by age and sex. The hazard ratios (HRs) of IRs were adjusted for age, sex, low‐income status, diabetes mellitus, chronic co‐morbidities, and anti‐TNF‐α therapy. Results: The IR of TB was significantly higher (adjusted HR [aHR]: 6.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.5–7.6) in SOT recipients (4.9/1000 person‐years) than in non‐SOT individuals (0.8/1000 person‐years). Of the transplanted organs, the pancreas (pancreas alone and simultaneous pancreas‐kidney) and lung had the highest IR (aHR: 16.3 [6.1–42.2] and 16.1 [5.9–43.8], respectively). The use of anti‐thymocyte globulin and azathioprine was associated with a higher IR (aHR: 1.53 [1.01–2.43] and 3.92 [1.21–12.47], respectively), but basiliximab was associated with a lower IR (aHR: 0.67 [0.48–0.98]). Conclusion: The IR of TB in SOT recipients, especially in the pancreas and lung, was significantly higher than that in the non‐SOT population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient synthetic method for structurally various isochromenoindolones has been demonstrated through Rh(III)‐catalyzed C−H activation followed by a cyclization reaction of N‐methoxyarylamides with 3‐diazooxindoles. The sequential reaction involves the streamlined formation of C−C and C−O bonds in one pot. The present method provides a broad range of isochromenoindolones as a new privileged scaffold in moderate to good yields with the release of methoxyamine and molecular nitrogen and has the benefits of a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) is a newly discovered ssDNA virus. The virus was first reported in pigs suffering from several clinical syndromes, including porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, reproductive disorders, respiratory disease and myocarditis. PCV3 was recently reported in wild boars with high prevalence as well. In this study, 266 wild boar anal swab, feces, nasal swab and whole blood samples were collected from three mainland provinces and one island province (Chungbuk, Gangwon, Gyeonggi, Jeju) of South Korea between 2019 and 2020 including 119 from male, 142 from female and 5 undetermined. PCV3 was diagnosed targeting conserved rep (replication associated protein) gene region using Direct PCR and sequencing. Out of 266 tested samples, 15 were positive for PCV3 with detection frequency at 5.6%. Among 266 samples tested, we obtained 14 partial rep gene sequences and one complete genome sequence of PCV3 with a genome size of 2000nt. Here we present the evidence of PCV3 circulation in Korean wild boars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palladium(II)‐catalyzed N‐acylation was demonstrated through the reaction of N−H sulfoximines with a variety of aryl, heteroaryl, and aryl halides using W(CO)6 as a source of carbon monoxide, affording N‐acylated sulfoximines in good to excellent yields. Moreover, alkenyl bromides underwent palladium(II)‐catalyzed N‐acylation reactions with N−H sulfoximines, leading to the formation of N‐cinnamoyl sulfoximines. This method has the advantages of a broad substrate scope, high functional group tolerance, simple operation, and chemoselectivity between chloride and bromide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic immunosuppressive therapy in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients can trigger latent varicella zoster virus reactivation even in those with stable graft function. The inactivated herpes zoster (HZ) vaccine can be effective in preventing post‐transplant HZ, which can cause severe neuralgia or disseminated disease. This meta‐analysis aims to assess the incidences of HZ across transplant organs in SOT recipients. Methods: We included 12 observational studies (6560 recipients) from a PubMed and EMBASE search of articles through October 2019 and collected data from single‐center dating from January 2001 to December 2017 (3498 recipients). The pooled HZ incidence and its differences between subgroups were obtained from random‐effect models and meta‐analysis of variance tests using R package. Results: The overall pooled crude incidence was 9.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.6%‐10.8%). The pooled incidence was similar between sexes but significantly different between transplanted organs (P <.001). Heart transplants (HT) (n = 644) have the highest pooled incidence with 15.2% (95% CI, 12.7%‐18.2%), followed by lung transplants (LTX) (n = 780) with 11.0% (8.3%‐14.4%). Kidney transplants (n = 5435) have the lowest incidence of 6.7 (5.1%‐8.8%). The meta‐regression analysis revealed that HZ development had a relationship with past graft rejection (P =.024). Conclusion: These data support the need for subunit HZ vaccination in SOT recipients with a high risk for HZ, especially HT and LTX recipients, without respect to the late post‐transplant period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microcapsules with regulated transmembrane transport are of great importance for various applications. The membranes with a tunable cut‐off threshold of permeation provide advanced functionality. Here, thermo‐responsive microcapsules are designed, whose hydrogel membrane shows a tunable cut‐off threshold of permeation with temperature. To produce the microcapsules, water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W/O/W) double‐emulsion droplets are microfluidically produced, whose oil shell contains oil‐soluble hydrogel precursor of poly(N, N‐diethylacrylamide) copolymerized with benzophenone (PDEAM‐BP). The PDEAM hydrogels, crosslinked by BP, show volume‐phase transition around 34 °C, which makes the microcapsules with the PDEAM hydrogel membrane thermo‐responsive. The microcapsules show temperature‐dependent changes in radius and membrane thickness. More importantly, the cut‐off threshold of permeation can be reversibly adjusted by temperature control as the degree of swelling decreases with temperature. This enables the molecule‐selective encapsulation and the controlled release of the encapsulants in a programmed manner by adjusting the temperature. The microcapsules can be rendered to be photo‐responsive by encapsulating photothermal polydopamine nanoparticles during the microfluidic operation, which allows the control of the degree of swelling with near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation. The thermo‐ and photo‐responsive microcapsules with a tunable cut‐off threshold are appealing as a new platform for drug carriers, microreactors, and microsensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photonic fibers are important raw materials for structurally colored fabrics. In particular, the mechanochromic fibers potentially provide color‐tunable clothes, like chameleon skins. Herein, microfluidic jetting to continuously produce mechanochromic fibers in a controlled manner is used. The jet is produced by flow‐focusing the photocurable dispersions in a surfactant‐laden carrier fluid using microfluidic devices. The dispersions contain monodispersed silica particles in an elastomer‐forming resin. As the silica particles have repulsive interparticle potential in the resin, they spontaneously organize into a nonclose‐packed regular array, developing structural colors. The jet of the dispersions is photocured in situ by irradiation of ultraviolet at the exit of the microfluidic channel, continuously producing the photonic fibers. As the interparticle separation among silica particles is shortened along the radial direction by stretching the elastic fibers, the structural colors are dynamically blue shifted. Also, the original colors are reversibly recovered by relaxing the fibers as the deformation is fully elastic. The nonclose‐packed array of inelastic silica particles provides a wide range of color tuning and high reversibility. Moreover, microfluidic jetting enables the production of Janus fibers composed of two distinct color domains, which enriches the available structural colors through color mixing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal‐free reaction of indoloazomethine ylides with 2‐(trimethylsilyl)aryl triflates in the presence of TMAF and MeOH provided 1,4‐thiadiazepines through sequential N‐arylation and intramolecular imine addition reaction, which is fully oxidized with p‐chloranil. These compounds are smoothly isomerized to indoloindolizines in quantitative yield. Moreover, formation of indoloindolizine was accessed from indoloazomethine ylide and 2‐(trimethylsilyl)aryl triflate in semi‐one‐pot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of new methods for the direct synthesis of bioactive molecules is a pivotal topic in organic and medicinal chemistry. Herein, we describe the rhodium(III)‐catalyzed C−H functionalization of N‐aryl phthalazinones with maleimides. The complete site‐selectivity and broad functional group tolerance are observed. Notably, this protocol allows the direct integration of phthalazinones and succinimides, which are vital motifs found in bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ruthenium(II)‐catalyzed C−H functionalization of (hetero)aryl azomethine imines with allylic acetals is described. The initial formation of allylidene(methyl)oxoniums from allylic acetals could trigger C(sp2)−H allylation, and subsequent endo‐type [3+2] dipolar cycloaddition of polar azomethine fragments to deliver valuable indenopyrazolopyrazolones. The utility of this method is showcased by the late‐stage functionalization of bioactive molecules such as estrone and celecoxib. Combined experimental and computational investigations elucidate a plausible mechanism of this new tandem reaction. Notably, the reductive transformation of synthesized compounds into biologically relevant diazocine frameworks highlights the importance of the developed methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A regioselective C3‐alkylation based on the reaction of 2‐arylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines with a wide range of aryl α‐diazoesters in the presence of a Rh(II) catalyst in dichloroethane at room temperature was developed. This method could be applied in the synthesis of benzoimidazoquinolizinone and cycloheptaimidazopyridinone, which are novel heterocyclic scaffolds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhodium(III)‐catalyzed hydroxymethylation followed by intramolecular annulation of azobenzenes using paraformaldehyde as a valuable C1‐feedstock is described. The method is readily extended to the coupling reaction between azobenzenes and trifluoroacetaldehyde. This transformation efficiently produces a range of C3‐unsubstituted and C3‐trifluoromethylated (2H)‐indazoles, which are important targets in the development of novel bioactive compounds. Excellent chemoselectivity and functional group tolerance were observed. The synthetic transformation of C3‐unsubstituted (2H)‐indazoles highlights the utility of the developed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tosyl hydrazine‐promoted tandem condensation and cyclization of 2‐acyl azobenzenes under metal‐free aerobic conditions was demonstrated to give 2‐aryl‐2H‐indazoles having alkyl‐ or aryl groups at the 3‐position in quantitative yields through the release of water, molecular nitrogen, and sulfinic acid. All of the examples produced the corresponding 2H‐indazoles in quantitative yields. The present reaction was determined to have a wide substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhodium (III)‐catalyzed C−H aminations of aldimines with anthranils followed by intramolecular cyclization are described. These transformations facilitate the efficient generation of 2‐acyl acridines, which are important motifs found in bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. All synthesized 2‐acyl acridines were first screened for cytotoxic activity against human renal carcinoma cells (CAKI‐1 and 786‐O) and human breast carcinoma cells (MCF‐7). Compound 3 z showed the most potent cytotoxic activity, which is stronger than that of doxorubicin against CAKI‐1 and 786‐O cells. In addition, compounds that exhibited potent cytotoxicities were selected for further in vitro anti‐inflammatory activity testing using interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced RAW264.7 cells. Notably, compounds (3 k, 3 n, 3 s and 3 x–3 z) were found to exhibit inhibitory activities that are about two‐ to three‐times more potent than that of the anti‐inflammatory drug dexamethasone. Rhodium (III)‐catalyzed C−H aminations of aldimines with anthranils followed by intramolecular cyclization are described. All synthesized 2‐acyl acridines were screened for cytotoxic activity against human renal carcinoma cells (CAKI‐1 and 786‐O) and human breast carcinoma cells (MCF‐7). In addition, selected compounds were further evaluated for in vitro anti‐inflammatory activity using interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced RAW264.7 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract: This study was performed to clarify the ecological characteristics of a cave‐dwelling moth species, Triphosa dubitata Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), at Baram cave and at Ssang cave within Pyeongchang‐gun of Gangwon province in south Korea. We investigated T. dubitata population for 3 days from March 2013 to October 2013 (except September) and in January 2014. We used a section investigation method in the caves every month to determine their ecological characteristic. A nocturnal investigation using a high intensity discharge lamp adjacent to the entrance of the cave was conducted in parallel with a diurnal investigation using butterfly traps to investigate the movement of T. dubitata. In order to investigate the range of habitat temperature of moths, we used a dual laser targeting infrared thermometer to measure the cave temperatures. We caught individuals of T. dubitata L.: 8,574 individuals in Baram cave and 828 individuals in Ssang cave. As 9,095 individuals (97 %) appeared at a temperature of −3°C ~ 8°C, it was verified that the adults were living at specific temperatures. In addition, T. dubitata adults were not active outside the caves; they entered the cave as soon as they developed from pupa into adults. These results showed that T. dubitata depended on food plants outside of the cave during the egg–larva–pupa stages, and they used the cave as a habitat for long‐term survival when they develop into adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are any unwanted/uncomfortable effects from medication resulting in physical, mental, and functional injuries. Antibiotics account for up to 40.9% of ADRs and are associated with several serious outcomes. However, few reports on ADRs have evaluated only antimicrobial agents. In this study, we investigated antibiotic-related ADRs at a tertiary care hospital in South Korea. Methods. This is a retrospective cohort study that evaluated ADRs to antibiotics that were reported at a 2400-bed tertiary care hospital in 2015. ADRs reported by physicians, pharmacists, and nurses were reviewed. Clinical information reported ADRs, type of antibiotic, causality assessment, and complications were evaluated. Results. 1,277 (62.8%) patients were considered antibiotic-related ADRs based on the World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Center criteria (certain, 2.2%; probable, 35.7%; and possible, 62.1%). Totally, 44 (3.4%) patients experienced serious ADRs. Penicillin and quinolones were the most common drugs reported to induce ADRs (both 16.0%), followed by third-generation cephalosporins (14.9%). The most frequently experienced side effects were skin manifestations (45.1%) followed by gastrointestinal disorders (32.6%). Conclusion. Penicillin and quinolones are the most common causative antibiotics for ADRs and skin manifestations were the most frequently experienced symptom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rhodium(III)-catalyzed C−H alkylation and intramolecular cyclization of aldimines with enones are described. This transformation provides direct access to the formation of C2-carbonyl-substituted indene derivatives with excellent site-selectivity and functional group compatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rhodium(III)-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between N-sulfonyl aldimines and various olefins such as maleimides, fumarates, maleates, α,β-unsaturated ketones, acrylate and nitroalkenes is described. This transformation efficiently leads to the diastereoselective synthesis of pharmacologically privileged 1-aminoindane derivatives via the C−H alkylation followed by subsequent intramolecular cyclization. Notably, single diastereomers in all cases were observed, and the relative stereochemistry of products was confirmed by the X-ray crystallographic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Azo-directed rhodium(III)-catalysed C-H functionalization and intramolecular annulation reactions between azobenzenes and internal olefins are described. This transformation leads to 2,3-disubstituted free (NH)-indoles with excellent site-selectivity and functional-group compatibility. The resulting indoles were evaluated for in-vitro anticancer activity against human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells (Ishikawa), triple negative human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), and human renal cancer cells (Caki-1). 2,3-Disubstituted indoles 3b, 3k, and 5b were found to show potent cytotoxic effects that were competitive with the anticancer agent doxorubicin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyzed the population genetic structure and demographic history of 20 Lymantria dispar populations from Far East Asia using microsatellite loci and mitochondrial genes. In the microsatellite analysis, the genetic distances based on pairwise FST values ranged from 0.0087 to 0.1171. A NeighborNet network based on pairwise FST genetic distances showed that the 20 regional populations were divided into five groups. Bayesian clustering analysis ( K = 3) demonstrated the same groupings. The populations in the Korean Peninsula and adjacent regions, in particular, showed a mixed genetic pattern. In the mitochondrial genetic analysis based on 98 haplotypes, the median-joining network exhibited a star shape that was focused on three high-frequency haplotypes (Haplotype 1: central Korea and adjacent regions, Group 1; Haplotype 37: southern Korea, Group 2; and Haplotype 90: Hokkaido area, Group 3) connected by low-frequency haplotypes. The mismatch distribution dividing the three groups was unimodal. In the neutral test, Tajima's D and Fu's FS tests were negative. We can thus infer that the Far East Asian populations of L. dispar underwent a sudden population expansion. Based on the age expansion parameter, the expansion time was inferred to be approximately 53,652 years before present (ybp) for Group 1, approximately 65,043 ybp for Group 2, and approximately 76,086 ybp for Group 3. We propose that the mixed genetic pattern of the inland populations of Far East Asia is due to these expansions and that the inland populations of the region should be treated as valid subspecies that are distinguishable from other subspecies by genetic traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatitis caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a public health concern worldwide. HEV strains have been isolated from several animal species, some of which induce zoonosis. Recently, the isolation of HEV from rabbits was reported. Here, the partial capsid gene (320 bp) of HEV was detected in rabbit feces via reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Rabbit HEV was found in two of six rabbit farms and 17 of 264 rabbit fecal samples (6.4%). A phylogenetic analysis of the partial capsid gene classified the 17 HEV isolates into the putative rabbit HEV clade. A full genomic sequence, KOR-Rb-1, was obtained from one rabbit HEV isolate by 5′ and 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends-PCR and RT-PCR, and comprised 7275 bp excluding the 3′ poly(A) tail. It shared 77.5-86.8%, 86.6%, and 80.2-84.3% nucleotide identities with rabbit HEV isolates from China, the US, and France, respectively. It also shared 72.3-73.0%, 71.4%, 76.7-78.3%, 72.8-73.3%, and 47.1-47.2% nucleotide identities with representative strains of HEV-1, HEV-2, HEV-3, HEV-4, and avian HEV, respectively. A full-genome phylogenetic analysis classified KOR-Rb-1 into the provisional rabbit HEV clade. This isolate could be used to study the pathogenesis and zoonotic potential of rabbit HEV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rhodium(III)-catalyzed site-selective C−H alkylation of azobenzenes and internal olefins, such as maleimides, maleates and fumarates, followed by reductive intramolecular cyclization is described. A cationic rhodium catalyst in the presence of acetic acid additive in dichloroethane solvent was found to be the optimal catalytic system for the construction of ortho-alkylated azobenzenes, which smoothly underwent the intramolecular cyclization leading to the formation of C3-functionalized oxindoles in the presence of zinc powder and acetic acid. The formed oxindole scaffold could be an important asset towards the development of novel bioactive compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rhodium(III)-catalyzed amidation reaction of azobenzenes with dioxazolones is described. This strategy allows the facile and efficient construction of highly substituted ortho-amidated azobenzenes by direct C-H cleavage approach. A wide range of substrates, excellent levels of chemoselectivity as well as high functional-group tolerance were observed. In addition, this protocol was used to generate an array of ortho-amidated ketazines. Further synthetic transformation of amidated azobenzenes furnished a facile construction of benzimidazole and benzotriazole derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rhodium(III)-catalyzed direct C-H functionalization of enol carbamates with a range of maleimides is described. With the assistance of the carbamoyl directing group, this reaction provides biologically relevant succinimide compounds by proceeding through a C-Rh addition and subsequent protonation pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is a promising biobased alternative material to terephthalic acid. In this study, three types of poly(butylene adipamide) (PA-4,6) containing 10, 20, and 30 mol % of poly(butylene-2,5-furandicarboxylamide) (PA-4,F) were synthesized through consecutive prepolymerization and solid-state polymerization (SSP). The incorporation of a 10 mol % PA-4,F component into PA-4,6 resulted in slight increases in the intrinsic viscosity (IV) and glass-transition temperature ( Tg) after 12 h of SSP at 220 °C. When the SSP temperature and reaction time increased, IV increased proportionally. The highest IV value of 0.75 was obtained by 48 h of SSP at 240 °C, whereas increases in the PA-4,F content to 20 and 30 mol % gave rise to decreases in IV, Tg, and melting temperature; this interrupted the increase in SSP temperature. The thermal decomposition temperature of the PA-4,F-incorporated polyamide was lower than that with PA-4,6 because of the lower thermal stability of the FDCA component. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43391. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce color washout-free liquid crystal display (LCD) with thin layered color filter (CF) technique. The thickness of 1.5μm thin layered CF was achieved by optimizing the performance of color resist. Thin layered CF can reduce color differences (Δu'v') for RGB displays in oblique viewing angles, which means reduced color mixing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To evaluate the relationship between human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV) antibody status, and hypertension and functional status among elderly Koreans. Methods Patients aged ≥65 years were prospectively enrolled from March 2011 to February 2012 at a 2000-bed university hospital. We collected data including CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte count, and functional status by measuring basic activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living for all patients. In addition, HCMV immunoglobulin G levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked fluorescent assay. Results During the study period, 103 patients (51 men), who were admitted for treatment of infections or other diseases, were enrolled. Multivariate analysis showed that body mass index and HCMV immunoglobulin G antibody titers were independent factors associated with hypertension in elderly patients ( OR 1.347, 95% CI 1.113-1.630, P = 0.002; OR 1.023, 95% CI 1.001-1.047, P = 0.042, respectively). In univariate linear correlations, HCMV antibody levels were positively correlated with systolic blood pressure levels ( r = 0.303, P = 0.002), CD8+ T-lymphocyte count ( r = 0.313, P = 0.001) and instrumental activities of daily living scores ( r = 0.217, P = 0.028). In addition, HCMV immunoglobulin G titers were inversely associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate ( r = −0.268, P = 0.006). These four variables remained independently significant in multivariate correlation analysis. Conclusion These findings could provide insight into the important role of HCMV in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension and decreased functional status in the elderly. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 21-27. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non- Hodgkin lymphoma only rarely occurs as a primary lung mass. We report a very rare case of primary pulmonary anaplastic large cell lymphoma presenting with acute atelectasis in a 55-year-old man. Chest computed tomography revealed a consolidated central mass in the left lung with obstructive pneumonia that had developed into total atelectasis. After a bronchoscopic examination failed to yield a definite diagnosis, supraclavicular lymph node biopsy was performed, revealing an anaplastic large cell lymphoma. This case illustrates the need for rapidly locating a possible biopsy site, other than the primary lung mass itself, and the value of empirical steroid treatment for avoiding devastating exacerbation when aggressive pulmonary lymphoma is suspected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tissue engineering is an application for gene therapy that is in its infancy. We show that simple liposomal-mediated gene transfer could result in a potentially useful biological effect in the field of wound healing. cDNA encoding the 165 amino acid form of vascular endothelial growth factor complexed to commercially available liposomes was injected into rat skin 1 week before raising a random pattern 3 × 10 cm flap. The flap survival was enhanced by 14 percent, and was accomplished without accessing the arterial inflow of the territory. These results were statistically significant ( p < 0.002) and reproducible. No adverse effects were seen. Histological analysis of the angiogenesis localized much of the new vessel formation to the area around the hair follicles. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of extracted flap tissue confirmed the presence of the transgene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microcapsules show molecular-size-selective transmembrane permeation due to the consistent mesh size of the hydrogel membrane. Double-emulsion drops, hydrogels, LCST, microcapsules, microfluidics Keywords: double-emulsion drops; hydrogels; LCST; microcapsules; microfluidics EN double-emulsion drops hydrogels LCST microcapsules microfluidics 1 1 1 06/12/21 20210609 NES 210609 In article number 2100782, Shin-Hyun Kim and co-workers design thermo-responsive microcapsules with ultra-thin hydrogel membranes. [Extracted from the article]

From an in‐depth understanding of the structural characteristics of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanosheets, Sang Uck Lee, Jong‐Ho Kim, Jin Woong Kim, and co‐workers introduce a novel TMD‐based antioxidation platform. As they report in article number 1802737, extraordinary antioxidant activity is derived from chalcogen defect‐mediated hydrogen atom transfer in aqueous media, even under harsh storage conditions of a wide span of solution pH, sunlight exposure, and elevated temperatures. This highlights TMD nanosheets as promising radical scavengers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) based antioxidation platform is proposed, in which radical scavenging is accomplished by the defect‐mediated one‐step hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) occurring on the nanosheets in water. To this end, the TMD nanosheets, including MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, and WSe2, are finely dispersed in water with the aid of an amphiphilic poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PCL‐b‐PEO) diblock copolymer that envelops the nanosheets with a molecular layer of less than 1 nm thickness. It is then demonstrated that the PCL‐b‐PEO‐stabilized TMD nanosheets show the extraordinarily enhanced and prolonged radical scavenging activity in water even under harsh storage conditions. Theoretical modeling studies on HAT suggest that more favorable hydrogen association from chalcogen vacancies on the nanosheets dispersed in water can lead to the easier dissociation of hydrogen atoms with exothermicity by −0.43 to −1.33 eV, thus exhibiting such an outstanding radical scavenging performance. A transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) based antioxidation platform is proposed. It is shown that radical scavenging is accomplished by defect‐mediated one‐step hydrogen atom transfer occurring on the TMD nanosheets stably dispersed in water. Taking advantage of this, it is demonstrated that the TMD nanosheets enveloped with a molecular layer of amphiphilic poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide) can be used as promising radical scavengers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2‐Acyl acridines were synthesized through rhodium(III)‐catalyzed C−H aminations of aldimines with anthranils followed by intramolecular cyclization. All synthesized 2‐acyl acridines were first screened for cytotoxic activity against human renal carcinoma cells (CAKI‐1 and 786‐O) and human breast carcinoma cells (MCF‐7). In addition, compounds that exhibited potent cytotoxicities were selected for further in vitro anti‐inflammatory activity testing using interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced RAW264.7 cells. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Hyung Sik Kim, Jin‐Mo Ku, In Su Kim et al. on page 2069 in Issue 10, 2018 (DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800426). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Front Cover shows a synthetic strategy for the formation of biologically relevant 2,3 ‐ disubstituted free (NH) ‐ indoles based on the rhodium(III) ‐ catalyzed C–H functionalization and intramolecular annulation between azobenzenes and internal olefins. Notably, all synthetic compounds were evaluated for in ‐ vitro anticancer activity against human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells (Ishikawa), triple negative human breast cancer cells (MDA ‐ MB ‐ 231), and human renal cancer cells (Caki ‐ 1). In particular, some of the synthesized indoles displayed potent cytotoxic effects that were competitive with the anticancer agent doxorubicin. More information can be found in the Full Paper by I. S. Kim et al. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents chemical equations for an article "Rhodium-Catalyzed Vinylic C-H Functionalization of Enol Carbamates with Maleimides" by S. Sharma and others, which appeared in 2016 issue of European Journal of Organic Chemistry.

gives various allylic alcohols and terminal allylated products [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]