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Coordination engineering strategy for optimizing the catalytic performance of single‐atom catalysts (SACs) has been rapidly developed over the last decade. However, previous reports on copper SACs for nitrate reduction reactions (NO3RR) have mostly focused on symmetric coordination configurations such as Cu‐N4 and Cu‐N3. In addition, the mechanism in terms of the regulation of coordination environment and catalytic properties of SACs has not been well demonstrated. Herein, we disrupted the local symmetric structure of copper atoms by introducing unsaturated heteroatomic coordination of Cu−O and Cu−N to achieve the coordination desymmetrization of Cu‐N1O2 SACs. The Cu‐N1O2 SACs exhibit an efficient nitrate‐to‐ammonia conversion with a high FE of ~96.5 % and a yield rate of 3120 μg NH3 h−1 cm−2 at −0.60 V vs RHE. As indicated by in situ Raman spectra, the catalysts facilitate the accumulation of NO3− and the selective adsorption of *NO2, which were further confirmed by the theoretical study of surface dipole moment and orbital hybridization. Our work illustrated the correlation between the coordination desymmetrization and the catalytic performance of copper SACs for NO3RR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passive daytime radiative cooling has emerged as a promising green technology for the thermal management of buildings, vehicles, textiles, and electronics. Typically, both high solar reflectance and high thermal emissivity are prerequisites to achieve sufficient daytime cooling. However, colored radiative cooling materials are facing the dilemma of introducing visible light absorption, leading to challenges in balancing cooling and aesthetic demands. Here, three colored bilayer radiative cooling coatings, each comprised of a white base layer and a colored top layer with fluorescence enhancement are fabricated. Three phosphors (Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+, Y3Al5O12:Ce3+, and (Ba,Sr)SiO4:Eu2+) are employed with respective photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of 81%, 95.8%, and 91.0% as the colored pigment in the top layer. To mitigate the contradiction between coloration and solar reflectance, SiO2 microspheres are introduced into the top layer and utilize their Mie‐resonance‐based multiple scattering to increase the photoluminescent (PL) properties of the phosphors, which jointly boosts the effective solar reflectance (ESR) of the top layer. As a result, the three bilayer coatings exhibit soft colors while achieving subambient cooling with temperature drops of up to 1.5 °C. This fluorescence‐enhancement strategy may pave the way for preparing highly efficient radiative cooling coatings with tunable colors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activating autologous stem cells after the implantation of biomaterials is an important process to initiate bone regeneration. Although several studies have demonstrated the mechanism of biomaterial‐mediated bone regeneration, a comprehensive single‐cell level transcriptomic map revealing the influence of biomaterials on regulating the temporal and spatial expression patterns of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is still lacking. Herein, the osteoimmune microenvironment is depicted around the classical collagen/nanohydroxyapatite‐based bone repair materials via combining analysis of single‐cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics. A group of functional MSCs with high expression of matrix Gla protein (Mgp) is identified, which may serve as a pioneer subpopulation involved in bone repair. Remarkably, these Mgp high‐expressing MSCs (MgphiMSCs) exhibit efficient osteogenic differentiation potential and orchestrate the osteoimmune microenvironment around implanted biomaterials, rewiring the polarization and osteoclastic differentiation of macrophages through the Mdk/Lrp1 ligand–receptor pair. The inhibition of Mdk/Lrp1 activates the pro‐inflammatory programs of macrophages and osteoclastogenesis. Meanwhile, multiple immune‐cell subsets also exhibit close crosstalk between MgphiMSCs via the secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) signaling pathway. These cellular profiles and interactions characterized in this study can broaden the understanding of the functional MSC subpopulations at the early stage of biomaterial‐mediated bone regeneration and provide the basis for materials‐designed strategies that target osteoimmune modulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, 2D ferromagnetic M3GeTe2 (MGT, M = Ni/Fe) nanosheets with rich atomic Te vacancies (2D‐MGTv) are demonstrated as efficient OER electrocatalyst via a general mechanical exfoliation strategy. X‐ray absorption spectra (XAS) and scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) results validate the dominant presence of metal‐O moieties and rich Te vacancies, respectively. The formed Te vacancies are active for the adsorption of OH* and O* species while the metal‐O moieties promote the O* and OOH* adsorption, contributing synergistically to the faster oxygen evolution kinetics. Consequently, 2D‐Ni3GeTe2v exhibits superior OER activity with only 370 mV overpotential to reach the current density of 100 mA cm−2 and turnover frequency (TOF) value of 101.6 s−1 at the overpotential of 200 mV in alkaline media. Furthermore, a 2D‐Ni3GeTe2v‐based anion‐exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolysis cell (1 cm2) delivers a current density of 1.02 and 1.32 A cm−2 at the voltage of 3 V feeding with 0.1 and 1 m KOH solution, respectively. The demonstrated metal‐O coordination with abundant atomic vacancies for ferromagnetic M3GeTe2 and the easily extended preparation strategy would enlighten the rational design and fabrication of other ferromagnetic materials for wider electrocatalytic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon‐free aluminum electrolysis is crucial for achieving the low‐carbon development and carbon neutrality in the future aluminum industry. NiFe2O4‐based cermet is the potential candidate of inert anode, benefiting from the satisfactory corrosion resistance and high‐temperature conductivity. Herein, complex‐shaped 25(Cu–20Ni)/(NiFe2O4–10NiO) cermets were fabricated via a plastic shaping method using the polyformaldehyde (POM)‐based granular feedstock. The feedstock showed uniform microstructure with evenly dispersed powders wrapped in polymers, which exhibited shear‐thinning behavior during molding. Roles of the feedstock with different powder loadings in the morphology and bending strength of the cermets were investigated. High‐precision gear parts exhibited no deformation, a high relative density over 98%. Investigation of different powder loadings revealed that parts prepared with a 56 vol% loading demonstrate the excellent performance, and possessed an impressive flexural strength of 178.4 MPa. This achievement provided a foundation for the future utilization of complex‐shaped inert anode material components in industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: One of the main allergens in soybeans is glycinin, which seriously impacts the normal lives of allergic people. Previous studies have confirmed that thermal processing and thermal processing combined with ultrahigh‐pressure processing could significantly reduce the antigenicity of glycinin. The dominant antigen region of acidic peptide chain A2 of G2 subunit was located by phage display experiment. METHODS: In this paper, overlapping peptides and alanine substitution techniques were used to explore the key amino acids that significantly affect the antigenicity of A2 peptide chain. The purity of peptide 1, peptide 2 and peptide 3 was identified by mass spectrometry and high‐performance liquid chromatography, and the results showed that the purity of the synthesized overlapping peptide was more than 90%. SDS‐PAGE showed that the peptide was successfully coupled with bovine serum albumin. The antigenicity of the coupling peptide was tested by ELISA and Dot‐Blot, and the allergenicity was detected by reacting with the serum of patients with soybean globulin allergy. CONCLUSION: The results showed that peptide 3 has stronger antigenicity and sensitization. Alanine substitution technology allowed one to perform site‐directed mutagenesis on peptide 3. Dot‐Blot and ELISA tests showed that D259, E260, E261, Q263 and C266 may be the key amino acids that significantly affect the antigenicity of peptide 3. The research presented is of great significance for correctly guiding the production of safe food and preventing the occurrence of food allergic diseases. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a case study of a 20-year-old female patient with autoimmune necrotic myositis who exhibited thrombocytopenia, or a low platelet count. The study observed that leukocytes, specifically neutrophils and monocytes, were engulfing platelets, leading to increased complexity within the cells. This phenomenon, known as EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia (EDTA-PTCP), is rare and is believed to be induced by autoantibodies and enhanced phagocytosis of abnormally active leukocytes. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the underlying causes of thrombocytopenia in autoimmune disease patients and have implications for assessing leukocyte immune function. [Extracted from the article]

We subtyped bladder cancer (BC) patients based on the expression patterns of endothelial cell (EC) ‐related genes and constructed a diagnostic signature and an endothelial cell prognostic index (ECPI), which are useful for diagnosing BC patients, predicting the prognosis of BC and evaluating drug sensitivity. Differentially expressed genes in ECs were obtained from the Tumour Immune Single‐Cell Hub database. Subsequently, a diagnostic signature, a tumour subtyping system and an ECPI were constructed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus. Associations between the ECPI and the tumour microenvironment, drug sensitivity and biofunctions were assessed. The hub genes in the ECPI were identified as drug candidates by molecular docking. Subtype identification indicated that high EC levels were associated with a worse prognosis and immunosuppressive effect. The diagnostic signature and ECPI were used to effectively diagnose BC and accurately assess the prognosis of BC and drug sensitivity among patients. Three hub genes in the ECPI were extracted, and the three genes had the closest affinity for doxorubicin and curcumin. There was a close relationship between EC and BC. EC‐related genes can help clinicians diagnose BC, predict the prognosis of BC and select effective drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper equates chaff clouds to dipole clusters and studies the electromagnetic scattering problem of dipole clusters based on the linear method of moment (LMM) that solve the electric field Integral equation with the pulse basis function. Firstly, the radar cross section (RCS) of three dipole elements is calculated. The dipole element is divided into 11 segment line units using pulse basis functions. The actual chaff clouds are modeled as two nearest dipole cluster models, which are cubic dipole cluster with uniform distribution formed and spherical dipole cluster with Gaussian distribution formed. The total RCS and total E‐Field magnitude of two dipole cluster models were calculated. Finally, two physical models are constructed based on the simulation models and an experiment is designed. The electromagnetic scattering characteristics of the two models are measured, which verifies the accuracy of the simulation results and the operability of the experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urea assisted overall water splitting represents a cost‐effective and efficient technology for hydrogen production, which not only obviates the generation of explosive H2 and O2 gas mixture but also minimizes the energy cost for the water splitting. In this study, we employed a one‐pot hydrothermal method to directly synthesize Ni(OH)2‐Ni3S2/NF hybrid nanoflowers on a nickel foam (NF) substrate, resulting in efficient and stable bi‐functional electrocatalysts for urea oxidation reaction (UOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Under alkaline conditions, the Ni(OH)2‐Ni3S2/NF catalyst exhibits low voltage requirements of 1.346 V and −0.014 V vs. RHE with a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for UOR and HER, respectively. Furthermore, when employing the Ni(OH)2‐Ni3S2/NF catalyst as both anode and cathode for urea‐assisted overall water splitting, it requires a cell voltage of merely 1.396 V with a current density of 10 mA cm−2, which is notably lower than the voltage required for complete water decomposition at the same current density (1.568 V vs. RHE). The one‐step synthesis of the Ni(OH)2‐Ni3S2/NF catalyst lays a foundation for further exploration of other transition metal complexes as dual‐function electrocatalysts, enabling energy‐efficient electrolytic hydrogen production and the treatment of urea‐rich wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a dual‐view integral imaging display that provides two three‐dimensional scenes at the same time. An adjustable pinhole array is generated by using a liquid crystal panel. The horizontal pitch of pinhole is adjustable, while the vertical one is unadjustable. The center of each elemental image is deviation from that of the corresponding pinhole. The light rays emitted from two kinds of elemental images are propagated into the left and right viewing directions. The horizontal viewing ranges are unrelated to the horizontal pitch of pinhole and the optimal viewing distance. By changing the horizontal pitch of pinhole, the optimal viewing distance is easily adjusted without loss of viewing angle. We developed an experimental apparatus and verified the proposed hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is considered as a major factor initiating type 2 diabetes mellitus and can lead to a reduction in glucose uptake that mainly occurs in the liver. Astragalus polysaccharide (APC), extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine, has been recorded to suppress IR. However, the underlying mechanism remains inadequately explored. Methods: IR was induced in HepG2 cells which further underwent APC treatment. Cell viability was determined by cell counting kit‐8 assay. Pretreatment with AG490, an inhibitor of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) signaling, was performed for investigating the influence of STAT5 on APC. Glucose uptake level was reflected by 2‐deoxyglucose‐6‐phosphate content determined through colorimetric assay. Expression levels of insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1), IGF‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R), phosphorylated‐STAT5/STAT5, and p‐protein kinase B (AKT)/AKT in the cells were assessed by Western blot. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to detect IGF‐1 secretion in the cells. Results: APC at doses of 10 and 20 mg increased the viability of HepG2 cells with/without IR induction, and abrogated IR‐induced inhibition of glucose intake. Meanwhile, APC (10 mg) offset IR‐induced inhibition on the expressions of IGF‐1R and IGF‐1, the activation of AKT and STAT5, and the secretion of IGF‐1 in HepG2 cells. More importantly, the reversal effect of APC on IR‐induced alterations in HepG2 cells was counteracted by AG490. Conclusion: APC ameliorates IR in HepG2 cells through activating the STAT5/IGF‐1 pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automatic design of microwave filter based on artificial intelligence is recognized as an alternative to conventional approach, due to the complexity of the structure parameters and the need of enormous solution space. In this paper, an unsupervised, end‐to‐end training framework, which is named Relational Induction Neural Network (RINN) is proposed. RINN discretizes the model, and makes cluster analysis on each action of geometrical parameters. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) neural network is applied to design the filter according to reward function. Several second‐order filters with different performance and one sixth‐order filter are designed with RINN. The results show that RINN can automatically induce the relationship between microwave device structures without any prior knowledge through training or learning. This research crosses the gap between DRL and microwave filter, and can also be extended to other microwave device, antenna and other related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of integrated energy system (IES), it has become a trend to form multiple integrated energy systems (MIESs) in a certain region. However, there is a lack of coordination and cooperation among MIESs. This paper proposes an optimal operation model of MIESs with four cost objectives, which focuses on energy interaction among MIESs. As a non‐linear and large optimization problem, it is difficult for conventional mathematical methods to solve. Hence, this paper proposes a hybrid Taguchi‐compact salp swarm algorithm (TCSSA). The compact technique can save the operation memory of model. Taguchi method can improve the convergence speed and solution accuracy of model. The proposed algorithm is tested on 28 benchmark functions and applied to optimal operation of MIESs. Results demonstrate that: (1) compared with other famous algorithms, TCSSA can provide more efficient execution and better solutions. (2) The optimal operation of MIESs based on TCSSA can achieve the complementary of energy advantages, which effectively reduces the total cost of MIESs (up to 9.67%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salp swarm algorithm (SSA) is an excellent meta‐heuristic algorithm, which has been widely used in the engineering field. However, there is still room for improvement in terms of convergence rate and solution accuracy. Therefore, this paper proposes an enhanced parallel salp swarm algorithm based on the Taguchi method (PTSSA). The parallel trick is to split the initial population uniformly into several subgroups and then exchange information among the subgroups after a fixed number of iterations, which speeds up the convergence. Communication strategies are an important component of parallelism techniques. The Taguchi method is widely used in the industry for optimizing product and process conditions. In this paper, the Taguchi method is adopted into the parallelization technique as a novel communication strategy, which improves the robustness and accuracy of the solution. The proposed algorithm was also tested under the CEC2013 test suite. Experimental results show that PTSSA is more competitive than some common algorithms. In addition, PTSSA is applied to optimize the operation of a heatless combined cooling‐power system. Simulation results show that the optimized operation provided by PTSSA is more stable and efficient in terms of operating cost reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer (BC) is a serious threat to women's health worldwide. Non‐SMC condensin I complex subunit D2 (NCAPD2) is a regulatory subunit of the coagulin I complex, which is mainly involved in chromosome coagulation and separation. The clinical significance, biological behavior, and potential molecular mechanism of NCAPD2 in BC were investigated in this study. We found that NCAPD2 was frequently overexpressed in BC, and it had clinical significance in predicting the prognosis of BC patients. Moreover, loss‐of‐function assays demonstrated that NCAPD2 knockdown restrained the progression of BC by inhibiting proliferation and migration and enhancing apoptosis in vitro. It was further confirmed that the downregulation of NCAPD2 inhibited tumor growth in vivo. NCAPD2 promoted the progression of BC through the extracellular signal–regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) signaling pathway. Additionally, NCAPD2 could transcriptionally activate CDK1 by interacting with E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Overexpression of CDK1 alleviated the inhibitory effects of NCAPD2 knockdown in BC cells. In summary, the NCAPD2/E2F1/CDK1 axis may play a role in promoting the progression of BC, which may provide a blueprint for molecular therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) ranks seventh among the gastrointestinal cancers. Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) could regulate the progression of GBC. For the purpose of exploring the targets for GBC treatment, RNA sequencing was used to identify the differential expressed mRNAs between GBC and adjacent tissues. Next, CCK8 assay was used to assess the cell viability, and cell proliferation was investigated by colony formation assay. Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the cell apoptosis. Protein and mRNA expression were analyzed by western blot and RT‐qPCR, respectively. Transwell was performed to evaluate the cell metastasis. GBC‐derived exosomes were isolated with ultracentrifugation. To evaluate the function of exosomes in GBC, in vivo model of GBC was constructed. The data revealed IGF2BP3 was identified to be upregulated in GBC, and IGF2BP3 silencing was able to decrease GBC cell proliferation by promoting the apoptosis. The migration and invasion of GBC cells were reduced by IGF2BP3 knockdown. Silencing of IGF2BP3 obviously suppressed the level of p‐STAT3 in GBC cells. Meanwhile, GBC cell‐derived exosomes notably promoted macrophage M2 polarization via carrying IGF2BP3, and then the polarized macrophages promoted the malignant behavior of GBC cells. Furthermore, exosomes markedly promoted the tumor growth of GBC via promoting macrophage M2 polarization. In summary, knockdown of IGF2BP3 suppressed the malignant behavior of GBC cells. Additionally, knockdown of IGF2BP3 modified tumor microenvironment during the progression of GBC. Thus, these findings might provide a new theoretical basis for exploring a strategies against GBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A strategy for the synthesis of quinazolines via elemental sulfur‐mediated oxidative condensation of nitriles and 2‐(aminomethyl)anilines was developed. The reaction was carried out under metal‐/solvent‐free conditions, tolerates a wide range of functional groups to provide the corresponding products in 56%‐91% yield, and can be performed on a gram‐scale. The UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence spectra of several product derivatives were measured to study their photophysical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Deterioration in frozen dough bread easily occurs in store, resulting in tremendous economic waste. Therefore, it is imperative to find natural additives to improve storage staling. The effects of mulberry leaf polysaccharides (MLP) were studied in terms of baking, retrogradation and microstructural aspects in frozen dough bread. RESULTS: The incorporation of MLP improved the specific volume and reduced the hardness of bread during room storage, with 1% MLP showing the best results. The results of X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that crystallinity was decreased and the formation of double helical structure was inhibited with the incorporation of MLP. Meanwhile, the results of low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance demonstrated that the addition of MLP was advantageous for retarding water migration and distribution, with reduced water loss. It can be seen intuitively from scanning electron microscopy that MLP improved the gluten network with a smoother and flatter system. CONCLUSION: MLP improved the quality of bread during storage and delayed the degradation of internal structure, and can be used as an effective natural additive to improve the storage stability of baked food. 1% MLP showed the best results. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrolyte‐gated transistors have been proposed as promising candidates for neuromorphic applications. Synaptic plasticity behaviors and most recently synaptic metaplasticity or plasticity of plasticity behaviors have been mimicked on electrolyte‐gated transistors. In this work, indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide thin‐film transistors gated with sputtered SiO2 electrolytes are fabricated. Both spiking‐width‐dependent and spiking‐height‐dependent metaplasticity behaviors are successfully mimicked. The effects are modulated by the drain voltage bias. A physical model based on the electric‐double‐layer coupling, the RC circuit theory, and the stretched‐exponential diffusion is proposed for the metaplasticity behaviors. The experiment data have been well fitted by the proposed model. Meanwhile, the Bienenstock, Cooper, and Munro learning rule, which describes the threshold‐tunable, spiking‐rate‐dependent plasticity behaviors, is also successfully emulated, providing insight into the synaptic metaplasticity behaviors in electrolyte‐gated synaptic transistors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the cell potential method is used to measure activity coefficients of NaCl‐SrCl2‐H2O mixed solution at 318.15 K. The potential values of NaCl in NaCl‐H2O single salt solution were measured, and the standard cell potential E0 and electrode response slope k were fitted with linear regression. Subsequently, the results show that the ion‐selective electrode has a good Nernst response. The mean activity coefficients NaCl in NaCl‐SrCl2‐H2O solution are also determined with Nernst equation, and the total ionic strength in the mixed solution range is from 0.1000 ~ 0.8000 mol·kg−1, the ionic strength fraction of SrCl2 with yb = (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8). Using the mean activity coefficients data and Pitzer model, the Pitzer ion interaction parameters θNa,Sr and ψNa,Sr,Cl of Pitzer equations at 318.15 K are fitted. Furthermore, the mean activity coefficients of SrCl2, permeability coefficient Φ, water activity aw, and excess Gibbs free energy GE were also calculated by Pitzer's equations. The phase equilibria of the NaCl‐SrCl2‐H2O solution at 318.15 K are predicted, and corresponding phase diagram of the ternary solution is plotted according to the calculated solubilities in this work, and comparison of phase equilibria at different temperatures is also presented. The results show that the ion interaction parameters of Pitzer equations obtained in this work can be used for calculation of thermodynamic parameters and prediction of phase equilibria of salt‐water solutions containing strontium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the role of vaginal microecology in cervical cancer, so as to increase the understanding of cervical cancer and lay a foundation for future large‐sample clinical trials. Methods: We reviewed and summarized the literature comprehensively, and discussed the relationship between vaginal microecology and HPV infection, CIN progression and cervical cancer, as well as the potential molecular mechanism and the prospects of probiotics and prebiotics in future cancer treatments. Results: With the popularization of high‐throughput sequencing technology and the development of bioinformatics analysis technology, many evidences show that the increase in the diversity of the bacterial community in the vaginal microecological environment and the decrease in the number of Lactobacilli are associated with the continuous infection of HPV and the further development of CIN, cervical cancer‐related. Conclusions: Vaginal microecological imbalance has an important impact on the occurrence and development of cervical cancer. However, the pathogenesis is not completely clear, and more high‐level basic research and longitudinal clinical studies are needed to verify. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Attitudes toward older persons could affect services that are provided to them and change the value of the care they receive. The attitude of nursing students toward older persons is very important as it will affect their care of older patients in future. However, in China, the attitude of higher vocational nursing students toward older persons has not been widely studied. The purpose of this study is to explore the attitudes and factors toward older people among nursing students in higher vocational colleges in Heilongjiang Province. Design: A cross‐sectional study. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted using cluster sampling. A total of 1106 nursing students from two higher vocational colleges in Heilongjiang Province participated. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors influencing nursing students' attitudes toward older people. Conclusion: This study showed that the vocational college nursing students have a positive attitude towardolder persons. However, the proportion of respondents taking care of older persons as their first choice in their future career needs to be increased. Advanced vocational colleges should pay attention to the attitudes of nursing students toward older persons, and strengthen the education of career development planning, which has practical significance in meeting the diversified health needs of older persons and ensuring healthy aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to explore the factors associated with attitudes towards the older adults among nursing students, to clarify the impact of empathy and end‐of‐life care on the attitude of the older adults, and to provide a basis for the follow‐up of education courses related to older adults care and the training of older adults care talents. Design: A cross‐sectional study. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey on nursing students' knowledge and attitudes towards older adults was conducted from 24 December 2020–24 February 2021. The Chinese versions of the end‐of‐life Attitudes Scale, Jefferson Empathy Scale‐Nursing Version and Kogan Attitudes Scale for the Elderly were used for this cross‐sectional study. We used the purposive sampling method to conduct a questionnaire survey on nursing students at Heilongjiang Nursing College (n = 371, effective response rate: 64.52%). Results: The average score of FATCOD‐B was 99.04 (7.71), and the score of C‐JSE‐HPS was 100.67 (12.90). The total average score of nursing students' attitudes towards older adults was 139.91 (15.79). The hierarchical regression analysis showed that education (β = −.125, p =.025) and personal experience (β = −.132, p =.008) correlated negatively with attitudes towards the older adults, while the end‐of‐life care (β =.140, p =.013) and empathy (β =.285, p <.001) correlated positively with attitudes towards the older adults. Conclusions: Religion, end‐of‐life care and empathy were positively correlated with nursing students' attitudes towards older adults. It is necessary to set up end‐of‐life care, empathy and education related to the older adults, and combine a variety of training forms, increasing humanistic assessments and reducing the employment pressure on nursing students by relevant departments can improve their attitudes towards the older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Starch retrogradation occurred in the process of storage of bread, resulting in a decreased product quality. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of lactosucrose on bread baking and anti‐staling properties. The results showed that the addition of lactosucrose increased the specific volume and slice cell number with a higher air holding capacity. The kinetic equation showed that lactosucrose reduced the rate constant value. Besides, the long‐ and short‐range ordered structure showed that the incorporation of lactosucrose retarded the crystallisation rate, in which the water migration was delayed. This effect was also evident on the microstructure, indicating that lactosucrose could improve the quality of bread and delay the staling of bread, which provided new insights for the baking industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Metal Ru and vacancy engineering play an important role in oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, there are few reports targeted on electrocatalysts by simultaneously employing these two strategies. Herein, theoretical calculation firstly predicts that Ru and VS can regulate the adsorption energy of OER/HER intermediates for NiCo2S4 electrocatalysts. Then, a facile solvothermal‐photochemical strategy is utilized to synthesis series NiCo2S4 samples: through filling the solvothermal‐created VS in NiCo2S4–x with Ru single atoms (Ru‐NiCo2S4–x) under ultraviolet irradiation as OER catalysts. Besides, Ru nanoclusters are introduced into NiCo2S4 without VS (Ru‐NiCo2S4) for HER. As a result, the OER exchange current density of NiCo2S4–x is prominently boosted after decoration of Ru single atom, which possesses an eminently low overpotential of 190 mV@50 mA cm−2, while Ru‐NiCo2S4 shows superior HER performance (32 mV@10 mA cm−2) compared with Ru‐NiCo2S4–x, surpassing most reported electrocatalytic materials. Moreover, Ru‐NiCo2S4–x//Ru‐NiCo2S4 exhibits remarkable stability and catalytic performance in the overall water splitting, with a cell voltage value of 1.46 V at 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 m KOH. Bader charge analysis unravels the "restricted‐delocalized‐restricted" phenomenon between electrons promote the electron interactions, which in turn improves electrochemical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The effects of different isomalt concentrations on the quality of wheat flour dough and spicy wheat gluten sticks (SWGS) were evaluated at the physical, structural and molecular levels. The results showed that the radial expansion rate (RER) and oil absorption rate (OAR) of SWGS increased first and then decreased with increased isomalt supplementation, which reached the maximum at 3 wt%. The pasting properties of wheat starch also changed, and the peak viscosity, breakdown and setback were decreased with the addition of isomalt. Dynamic rheological properties results showed that the storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G'') increased with the addition of isomalt, which may be attributed to the reinforcement of gluten network structure by hydrogen bonding of isomalt. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images illustrated that the SWGS surface becomes smooth and the broken gluten structure was reduced after the addition of different isomalt levels compared with the control group. Overall, the wheat flour dough quality analysis showed that the addition of isomalt could generate a close binding with wheat starch and protein and further strengthen the internal structure of gluten through isomalt hydrogen bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pneumonia is a serious pediatric lung injury disease caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) with increasing global prevalence every year. The WHO has reported that nearly 19% of children die due to pneumonia worldwide. Objective: The present research was conducted to discover the ameliorative properties of geraniol against M. pneumoniae‐provoked pneumonia in mice through the modulation of inflammatory responses. Methodology: The pneumonia was provoked in the male Swiss albino mice via infecting animals with 100 µl of M. pneumoniae for 2 days and supplemented concurrently with 20 mg/kg of geraniol for 3 days. 100 mg/kg of azithromycin was used as a standard drug. The nitric oxide (NO) level and MPO activity were measured using kits. The SOD activity, GSH, and MDA levels were studied using standard methods. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) study was performed to examine the M. pneumoniae DNA load. The inflammatory cytokines status was assessed by assay kits. The ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and NF‐κB expressions were studied by reverse‐transcription (RT‐PCR). The lung tissues were analyzed microscopically to investigate the histological alterations. Results: Geraniol treatment effectively reduced lung weight, NO level, and MPO activity in the pneumonia mice. The total cells and M. pneumoniae DNA load were also decreased by the geraniol. The SOD activity and GSH level were improved and MDA was decreased by the geraniol treatment. The IL‐1, IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐α, and TGF status were appreciably depleted by the geraniol in the pneumonia mice. Geraniol also suppressed the ERK1/2 and NF‐κB expressions in the lung tissues. Histological findings also suggest the therapeutic roles of geraniol against pneumonia in mice. Conclusion: In summary, our results proved the beneficial roles of geraniol against the M. pneumoniae‐provoked pneumonia. Geraniol could be a hopeful therapeutic agent to treat pneumonia in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind farm cluster penetration and its long‐distance delivery have become the important form of wind power accommodation of power network in China. For the adaptability of power network planning to the output volatility of clustering wind farms, three steps are studied as follows. Initially, the output uncertainty model of clustering wind farms based on Auto Regression Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA)‐Generalized Autoregression Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH)‐Pair Copula is put forward to analyze the intermittency, fluctuation and clustering wind power correlation. Secondly, Full Cost (FC) theory is introduced to account social expense brought by grid‐connected clustering wind farms from four aspects of static cost, dynamic cost, environmental cost and inter‐generational cost. Meanwhile, available wind power transmission capacity is defined to reflect wind power accommodation based on transmission margin. Finally, the adaptive efficiency index is proposed by the ratio of available wind power transmission capacity to FC. The transmission adaptability planning model considering cluster correlation of wind farms is built with the objective function of the adaptive efficiency index. Taking the actual regional power grid as an example, the results show that the planning scheme considering the optimal adaptive efficiency index of clustering wind farms can be better adapted to the future power network environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective monitoring and early warning of gearbox operating status are of great significance to the operation and maintenance (O&M) of offshore wind turbines (WTs). This study proposes a normal behaviour modelling (NBM) method based on the spatial‐temporal attention module and the gated recurrent unit (GRU), for the condition monitoring of offshore WT gearboxes. The proposed method has a superior performance by extracting the spatial and temporal features from the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system, and also has the unique advantage of model interpretability. Specifically, in the NBM training stage, the spatial features of offshore wind farm SCADA data are extracted by the spatial attention module firstly. Then, the temporal features of the spatial feature sequences above are extracted and fused by the GRU network. Afterwards, the temporal attention module is applied to strengthen the expression of key time points. In the NBM testing stage, the output residual between the predicted and the measured values is calculated and monitored by the exponential weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed NBM method are verified by detailed simulations on the Donghai Bridge offshore wind farm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enlarging the speed range of wind turbines is an effective way to increase power production in low‐frequency band wind which contains more energy and is very challenging for DFIG‐based wind energy conversion system (WECS). The analysis shows that current controllability of the converter is the main factor limiting bidirectional speed range extension (BSRE). This problem can be solved by increasing dc‐bus voltage, but a constant and high dc‐bus voltage will increase the electrical stress and switching losses of the converter. This paper proposed a dynamic minimum dc‐bus voltage (DMDCV) technique in which the dc‐bus voltage can automatically adjust to enable the back‐to‐back voltage source converter to work in linear modulation mode at its minimum value, thus supporting BSRE while also achieving multiple goals including low electrical stress and low switching losses. Two implementation methods of DMDCV with and without modulation depth loop are proposed and discussed. The co‐simulation results verified the feasibility of DMDCV and the advantages of BSRE in improving power generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problems of inefficient, inflexible and insecure for traditional centralized algorithm in the process of optimization dispatch, and with the application of artificial intelligence technology to smart grids, the novel distributed solution is proposed by using the deep reinforcement learning and the consensus theory to optimize the economic dispatch. Firstly, the optimal commitment sequence of massive units is realized through constructing deep reinforcement learning model. Secondly, the optimal unit output and efficient economic dispatch can be obtained by utilizing the improved consensus algorithm together with Adam's algorithm. Finally, simulation results of IEEE‐14 and IEEE‐162 node systems may demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution for the smart grids with complex network structures, which can not only solve the problem of massive data processing, but also it may reduce the dependence on the exact objective function when dealing with extremely complex load distribution scenes and distributed powers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the modular multi‐level converter (MMC) has been widely used in high and medium voltage DC transmission systems because of its topological advantages. However, for an MMC with a two‐stage model predictive control (TSMPC) method, it is difficult to precisely and reasonably design the weighting factor in the cost function. Here, an improved TSMPC method is proposed which not only can avoid choosing the weighting factor for both first and second stage control but also can raise the output voltage level (OVL) to 2N + 1 without increasing computation burden. The discrete‐time mathematical model of the MMC is first derived. Two circulating current factors are introduced to calculate the optimal number of submodules (SMs) of the upper and lower arms in the first stage control. Secondly, the second stage control calculates the optimal number of SMs through the superior control and forms the optimisation array by adding or subtracting one SM. Then the objective function is developed, and the SMs with the minimum value of the objective function are selected for the final input. Finally, the algorithm of reducing switching frequency (RSF) is applied to achieve the balance of the SM capacitor voltage. The simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Effects of polyols (mannitol and xylitol) on physical properties, pasting properties and dynamic rheological properties of wheat flour and the microstructure, water activity (Aw), radial expansion ratio (ER), oil absorption rate (OAR) and texture of extruded flour products were evaluated in this work. The results show that both mannitol and xylitol can promote gluten network formation, enhance tensile resistance and increase the storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G'') of the dough. More dense and uniform particles were also found on the surface of extruded flour products in the presence of polyols by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the Aw, hardness and chewiness were reduced while the ER and ORA were increased for extruded flour products by incorporation of polyols. Thus, the extruded flour products with improved quality by polyols exhibit great application prospect in food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrated energy system (IES) is an effective solution for energy and environment problems. In view of the difficulty of traditional reliability assessment methods to reasonably and effectively assess the reliability of the IES, an energy supply reliability assessment method based on sequential Monte Carlo simulation is proposed in this study. The optimal operation of the system is realised by mobilising the multi‐energy complementary characteristics during device failure. The reliability of the system under three different operation objectives is compared and analysed. Three new reliability indices are proposed, which take into account the supply of multiple energy loads and the differences among different energy. Finally, through the analysis of energy supply reliability under different objectives, the reasonability of the proposed indices and the flexible scheduling of energy flow under different objectives are verified; therefore, the IES can realise adaptive and targeted operation strategy during device failure. Also, the influence of different device faults on the system's energy supply reliability is ranked, which is of great significance to find the weak parts of the system and provide a reference for the system to improve energy supply reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was focused on Hangzhou in China that are undergoing large‐scale subway construction, and an improved momentum back‐propagation (BP) neural network model was trained. The model can analyze the complex traffic data, evaluate the service quality of bus line, and improve the estimation accuracy and convergence speed. For the same training data set, the convergence time of the BP algorithm with momentum term is reduced by 0.043 secs, the iterative convergence speed is improved by 0.66%, and the estimation accuracy is improved by 26.7% compared with the standard BP algorithm. Under similar conditions, the convergence time is 1.562 secs less than that of the standard BP algorithm, and the convergence speed was 24.1% higher than that of the standard BP algorithm, and the absolute value of the estimated error was less than 1%. Finally, a representative bus line in Hangzhou was used as an example to evaluate the model. The results showed that the improved momentum BP neural network model had a faster convergence speed and higher prediction accuracy of the comprehensive weight of bus line service quality. The prediction results of the model are consistent with the actual survey results, which indicates that the model constructed is reasonable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing and fabricating a heterogeneous material for efficient dehydrogenation of formic acid (FA) to H2 coupled with hydrogenation of CO2 back to FA is a promising strategy to forming a carbon‐neutral CO2‐mediated hydrogen energy release‐storage system, which remains challenging. Herein, a facile one‐step ultrahigh‐temperature method of arc‐discharge route for synthesizing efficient single‐crystal α‐MoC supported platinum catalysts with high dispersion of Pt single atoms (SAs), nanoclusters (NCs), and nanoparticles (NPs) is reported. These catalysts exhibit remarkable performance for the adsorption properties and chemical conversion of small molecules including room‐temperature FA dehydrogenation, CO2 hydrogenation to FA (formate), and low‐temperature CO oxidation reactions. The enhanced electron transfer from MoC to active Pt species improves catalyst's surface electron density, thus modulating the chemical adsorption of these small molecules. The engineered 0.1Pt/MoC with Pt SAs shows an outstanding FA dehydrogenation efficiency, with ca. 100% FA conversion and an initial TOF of up to 7739 h−1 at 25 °C. The versatile 0.1Pt/MoC also displays the ability for converting CO2 hydrogenation back to the hydrogen storage carrier FA (formate) with 88.3% yield under mild conditions. Moreover, in‐depth insights into the material microstructure, Pt−MoC electronic interactions, reaction‐dependent particle size effect, and adsorption energy are comprehensively investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the potential therapeutic role of porous SiO2‐coated ultrasmall selenium particles nanospheres (Se@SiO2 nanospheres) pretreatment in acute pancreatitis (AP) and to investigate the related mechanism. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were randomized to the normal control (CON) group, the AP (induced by cerulein injection) (CAE) group, and AP pretreated with Se@SiO2 nanocomposites at 1 and 2 mg/kg (CAE + 1 or 2 mg/kg Se@SiO2) groups, respectively. Serum levels of amylase and lipase, inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]‐6, IL‐1β and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]‐α), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr) were measured, and histopathology was performed to examine the tissue samples of the pancreas, lungs, kidneys and liver. Immunofluorescence assay of reactive oxygen species (ROS), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling were conducted, and levels of MPO, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and glutathione were evaluated. Finally, Western blot analysis was used to evaluate protein expressions of Nrf2, HO‐1, NQO1, TLR4, MyD88 and p‐p65 in pancreatic tissue. Results: Se@SiO2 nanospheres alleviated pathological damage to the pancreas, and reduced pancreatic enzymes and inflammatory cytokines. Injury to other organs such as the liver, lungs and kidneys was also alleviated, as indicated by decreased ALT, AST, BUN, and Cr levels as well as improved histopathology. Moreover, Se@SiO2 nanospheres reduced oxidative stress, and ultimately inhibited TLR4/ MyD88/p‐p65 pathway and increased the protein expressions of NQO1, Nrf2, and HO‐1. Conclusion: Se@SiO2 nanospheres may alleviate AP by relieving oxidative stress and targeting the TLR4/Myd88/p‐p65 and NQO1/Nrf2/HO‐1 pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the isolated wind‐diesel hybrid power system, the system voltage and frequency may be affected simultaneously by the fluctuated wind turbine output power and variable load, which can make the system crash in extreme cases without control strategy. Therefore, in order to reduce the voltage and frequency deviation caused by system power fluctuation, both the battery and super twisting algorithm sliding mode state observer (STATCOM) are equipped to adjust the active power and reactive power for load power demand in the isolated small‐scale power system. Then, the system mathematical model is established which considers the cross‐coupling effect exist in the small‐scale power system. In order to improve the control effect of battery and STATCOM, the unified control strategy is designed for battery and STATCOM by using the super twisting sliding mode state observer and the adaptive sliding mode controller according to the constructed cross‐coupling effect model. Furthermore, the parameters of controller are further optimized by using the fuzzy method. Finally, the simulation experiments are performed by the real‐time digital simulator to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy under different operation points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Esophageal spindle cell carcinoma (ESpCC) is a rare subtype of esophageal carcinoma, accounting for 1% of all esophageal malignancies. The clinical outcome is unknown due to the lack of treatment options. Here, we present the case of a 60‐year‐old male with initially unresectable ESpCC, in which platinum‐based concurrent chemoradiotherapy was unsuccessful. He was subsequently treated with neoadjuvant immunotherapy and after surgery achieved a complete pathological response; therefore, neoadjuvant immunotherapy might be a novel option for ESpCC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, information gap decision theory (IGDT) is reformed to formulate the uncertain parameters of wind power, photovoltaic and load. Traditional IGDT presumes that positive and negative deviations of uncertain parameters of the predicted value are equal, and it would result in imprecise assessment of fluctuated intervals. This study proposes an improved IGDT to overcome the inaccuracy of traditional IGDT by considering unsymmetrical fluctuation levels of uncertainties. For the operation and control of active distribution network, the non‐linear power flow constraints are included and linearised with a novel method based on circumscribed polyhedron approximation, which guarantees the accuracy of the solution results and takes less computing time. Additionally, from the mathematical point of view, the model established in this study is a multilevel optimisation problem, and linear Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions are formulated to transform the multilevel optimisation problem into a single‐level optimisation problem. Finally, the economic viability and model applicability are verified through the modified IEEE 33‐node distribution system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]