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This document provides concise summaries of various case reports, research studies, and articles related to different medical conditions, allergies, immune responses, and respiratory diseases. The summaries highlight important findings and insights into the diagnosis, treatment, and management of these conditions. The document covers topics such as chlorhexidine allergies, allergic contact dermatitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, asthma, COVID-19, food allergies, and immune system abnormalities. [Extracted from the article]

Genograms have been an important tool for clinicians and therapists working with families; however, the use of genograms has not been extended beyond clinical settings. To address this gap in research, we developed qualitative genogram analysis (QGA), a three‐step protocol for analyzing transcribed interviews using family systems theory, representing family systems relational concepts visually in genograms, and identifying common patterns of family dynamics that emerged from these visualizations across families. We present the QGA protocol using interviews with family members who experienced elder family financial exploitation. This innovative use of genograms as part of an analytical process allows researchers to theorize family systems in innovative ways and go beyond examining each family relationship as a "variable" and look at relationship dynamics systemically and wholistically across families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In majoritarian democracies, popular policies may not be inclusive, and inclusive policies may not be popular. This dilemma raises the crucial question of when it is possible to design a policy that is both inclusive and popular. We address this question in the context of vaccine allocation in a polarized economy facing a pandemic. In such an economy, individuals are organized around distinct networks and groups and have in‐group preferences. We provide a complete characterization of the set of inclusive and popular vaccine allocations. The findings imply that the number of vaccine doses necessary to generate an inclusive and popular vaccine allocation is greater than the one necessary to obtain an allocation that is only popular. The analysis further reveals that it is always possible to design the decision‐making rule of the economy to implement an inclusive and popular vaccine allocation. Under such a rule, the composition of any group endowed with the veto power should necessarily reflect the diversity of the society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The future pedagogical systems need anthropocentric inclusive educational programs in which the goal should be adjustable according to the knowledge requirements, intelligence, and learning objective of each student. Prioritizing these needs, innovative AI methods are required to assist and ensure the making of conscious educational decisions, in terms of clear identification and categorization with high accuracy of various forms of skills and knowledge of each student. This paper proposes a neuroevolution emerging technique that combines the searchability of evolutionary computation and the learning capability of a hybrid artificial neural networks method. Specifically, the proposed growing semiorganizing neural gas (GsONG) is a practical AI methodology utilizing advanced clustering techniques to enhance the learning experience by categorizing the true abilities, skills, and needs of learners, in an inclusive differentiated learning framework. It is a neural network architecture that includes competing and cooperating neurons with an unstructured mode whereby a cooperation-competition process delimits the topological neighborhood of neurons in a grid to identify patterns for which their classes are not known. To optimize the above process, a heuristic method was used that investigates the space of an objective function by regulating the optimal topologies of neurons that form pathway segments in a semi-contemplative manner. Based on the extensive experiments and results obtained from the GsONG clustering approach, the proposed algorithm can compensate with high accuracy for difficulties in multicriteria grouping and differentiation of uncertainty structures such as in small or tiny data sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acral melanoma (AM) tumors arise on the palms, soles, fingers, toes, and nailbeds. A comprehensive systematic meta‐analysis of AM genomic aberrations has not been conducted to date. A literature review was carried out to identify studies sequencing AM. Whole‐genome/exome data from 181 samples were identified. Targeted panel sequencing data from MSK‐IMPACT were included as a validation cohort (n = 92), and studies using targeted hot spot sequencing were also collated for BRAF (n = 26 studies), NRAS (n = 21), and KIT (n = 32). Statistical analysis indicated BRAF, NRAS, PTEN, TYRP1, and KIT as significantly mutated genes. Frequent copy‐number aberrations were also found for important cancer genes, such as CDKN2A, KIT, MDM2, CCND1, CDK4, and PAK1, among others. Mapping genomic alterations within the context of the hallmarks of cancer identified four components frequently altered, including (i) sustained proliferative signaling and (ii) evading growth suppression, (iii) genome instability and mutation, and (iv) enabling replicative immortality. This analysis provides the largest analysis of genomic aberrations in AM in the literature to date and highlights pathways that may be therapeutically targetable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fake news spreading rapidly worldwide is considered one of the most severe problems of modern technology that needs to be addressed immediately. The remarkable increase in the use of social media as a critical source of information combined with the shaking of trust in traditional media, the high speed of digital news dissemination, and the vast amount of information circulating on the Internet have exacerbated the problem of so-called fake news. The present work proves the importance of detecting fake news by taking advantage of the information derived from friendships between users. Specifically, using an innovative deep temporal convolutional network (DTCN) scheme assisted using the tensor factorization non-negative RESCAL method, we take advantage of class-aware rate tables during and not after the factorization process, producing more accurate representations to detect fake news with exceptionally high reliability. In this way, the need to develop automated methods for detecting false information is demonstrated with the primary aim of protecting readers from misinformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We disclose an concise synthesis of alkynylcyclopropane derivatives containing adjacent quaternary carbon centers via a transition‐metal free cascade enyne rearrangement and cyclopropanation process. This methodology, started from a variety of allenylphosphine oxides and N‐tosylhydrazones, features the advantage of transition‐metal‐free, operational simplicity, wide substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xanthogranuloma is a rare benign tumour, part of the non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis group, uncommon in adults and even less common in the paranasal sinuses. Despite its benign nature, it mimics neoplasm due to its local effects which can have serious functional consequences depending on the anatomical location. We present the rare case of a young lady who presented insidiously with a maxillary sinus xanthogranuloma and was treated with endoscopic resection. Tissue diagnosis is of paramount importance to guide correct further investigations and management, and we discuss the potential challenge in identifying such a rarely seen pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Positron-emission tomography (PET) with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose revealed hypermetabolism of cutaneous lesions (Figure D) and of the proximal femoral arteries (Figure S1). The hypermetabolism of the skin and proximal femoral arteries observed on PET imaging was markedly improved (Figure F). The primary differential diagnosis was granulomas annulare, a palisading granulomatous disease, which is rarely photoinduced and rarely associated with uveitis.[8] However, the pulmonary changes, hypercalciuria and predominant sarcoid granulomas were in favour of the diagnosis of sarcoidosis.[7] Microscopic findings of sarcoidosis are often varied.[9] Typical sarcoid granulomas are almost always present, but other observations such as palisading granulomas, focal necrosis and lichenoid inflammation have also been described.[9]. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract: Feature selection is one of the most important concepts in data mining when dimensionality reduction is needed. The performance measures of feature selection encompass predictive accuracy and result comprehensibility. Consistency‐based methods are a significant category of feature selection research that substantially improves the comprehensibility of the result using the parsimony principle. In this work, the biobjective version of the algorithm logical analysis of inconsistent data is applied to large volumes of data. In order to deal with hundreds of thousands of attributes, heuristic decomposition uses parallel processing to solve a set covering problem and a cross‐validation technique. The biobjective solutions contain the number of reduced features and the accuracy. The algorithm is applied to omics datasets with genome‐like characteristics of patients with rare diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Social media plays an important role in everyday life of young people. Numerous studies claim negative effects of social media and media in general on eating disorder risk factors. Despite the availability of big data, only few studies have exploited the possibilities so far in the field of eating disorders. Method: Methods for data extraction, computerized content analysis, and network analysis will be introduced. Strategies and methods will be exemplified for an ad‐hoc dataset of 4,247 posts and 34,118 comments by 3,029 users of the proed forum on Reddit. Results: Text analysis with latent Dirichlet allocation identified nine topics related to social support and eating disorder specific content. Social network analysis describes the overall communication patterns, and could identify community structures and most influential users. A linear network autocorrelation model was applied to estimate associations in language among network neighbors. The supplement contains R code for data extraction and analyses. Discussion: This paper provides an introduction to investigating social media data, and will hopefully stimulate big data social media research in eating disorders. When applied in real‐time, the methods presented in this manuscript could contribute to improving the safety of ED‐related online communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knowledge characteristics weighting plays an extremely important role in effectively and accurately classifying knowledge. Most of the existing characteristics weighting methods always rely heavily on the experts’ a priori knowledge, while rough set weighting method does not rely on experts’ a priori knowledge and can meet the need of objectivity. However, the current rough set weighting methods could not obtain a balanced redundant characteristic set. Too much redundancy might cause inaccuracy, and less redundancy might cause ineffectiveness. In this paper, a new method based on rough set and knowledge granulation theories is proposed to ascertain the characteristics weight. Experimental results on several UCI data sets demonstrate that the weighting method can effectively avoid subjective arbitrariness and avoid taking the nonredundant characteristics as redundant characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diagnosis of severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions should involve immunohistopathological examination, which gives insight into the pathomechanisms of these disorders. The characteristic histological findings of erythema multiforme (EM), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) provide conclusive evidence demonstrating that SJS/TEN can be distinguished from EM. Established SJS/TEN shows full-thickness, extensive keratinocyte necrosis that develops into subepidermal bullae. Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) and exanthema in drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) each display a variety of histopathological findings, which may partly correlate with the clinical manifestations. Although the histopathology of DRESS is nonspecific, the association of two or more of the four patterns-eczematous changes, interface dermatitis, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis- (AGEP-) like patterns, and EM-like patterns-might appear in a single biopsy specimen, suggesting the diagnosis and severe cutaneous manifestations of DRESS. Cutaneous dendritic cells may be involved in the clinical course. AGEP typically shows spongiform superficial epidermal pustules accompanied with edema of the papillary dermis and abundant mixed perivascular infiltrates. Mutations in IL36RN may have a definite effect on pathological similarities between AGEP and generalized pustular psoriasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gold-catalyzed 1,4-carbooxygenations of 3-en-1-ynamides with allylic alcohols and propargylic alcohols yield α,β-unsaturated amides through non-Claisen pathways; the mechanisms involve ionization of the initial gold enol ethers to form C-bound gold dienolates that capture allylic or propargylic cations to yield the observed products. Our 18O-labeling experiments exclude a direct gold-catalyzed allylation or propargylation on these 3-en-1-ynamides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Cutaneous adverse drug reactions frequently present as a benign maculopapular exanthema ( MPE) with a rapid healing. Sometimes systemic signs are present, which could represent a more severe or systemic MPE ( sMPE) or even be the initial phase of a drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms ( DRESS). Histopathology associated with MPE, sMPE and DRESS has not been well characterized. Objectives To study the cutaneous histopathological changes associated with MPE, sMPE and DRESS. Methods A retrospective clinicopathological analysis of 13 cases of MPE, 13 of sMPE and 45 of DRESS, collected in one centre from 2005 to 2013. Results The number of histopathological changes per section increased gradually from MPE to sMPE and DRESS. Prevalence of spongiosis, dermal lymphocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils did not differ between MPE, sMPE and DRESS. Keratinocyte damage, rare in MPE, was regularly found in sMPE and frequent in DRESS. The density of the inflammatory infiltrate increased progressively from MPE to sMPE and DRESS. Atypical lymphocytes were absent in MPE, present in sMPE and more frequent in DRESS. Deep dermal involvement and leukocytoclastic vasculitis were only observed in DRESS. Limitations This was a retrospective study. Conclusions Numerous histopathological changes per section in drug-induced exanthema should alert for a more severe form of cutaneous adverse drug reactions, i.e. DRESS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retention of a positively valued illness identity contributes to poor outcomes for individuals with eating disorders (EDs). Consequently, dis-identification from the illness identity and the adoption of a recovery identity are vital for successful recovery. While social identity processes have been shown to influence ED maintenance, their role in recovery is rarely considered. This study explores how a sense of shared identity helps individuals with EDs manage their condition and promotes recovery. Transcripts from 18 online support sessions involving 75 participants were thematically analysed. Our findings suggest that the illness identity initially operates as a social identity that forms the basis for connections with similar others. For those wishing to recover, identity-based support is then perceived to be more effective than that found outside the group. Online interactions also facilitate construction of a new shared recovery identity which promotes a shift from the illness identity as a primary source of definition and endorses group norms of illness disclosure and treatment engagement. While in the clinical literature, ED identity is seen as problematic and interventions are targeted at challenging an individual's self-concept, we suggest that interventions could instead harness identity resources to support a transition to a recovery identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has indicated that exposure to pro-eating disorder websites might increase eating pathology; however, the magnitude of this effect is unknown. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of exposure to pro-eating disorder websites on body image and eating pathology. Studies examining the relationship between exposure to pro-eating disorder websites and eating pathology-related outcomes were included. The systematic review identified nine studies. Findings revealed significant effect sizes of exposure to pro-eating disorder websites on body image dissatisfaction (five studies), d = .41, p = .003; dieting (six studies), d = .68, p < .001, and negative affect (three studies), d = 1.00, p < .001. No effect emerged for bulimic symptoms (four studies), d = .22, p = .73. Findings confirmed the effect of pro-eating disorder websites on body image and eating pathology, highlighting the need for enforceable regulation of these websites. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms ( DRESS) is a rare and severe adverse drug reaction. Large detailed studies of histopathological features of DRESS are sparse and suggest an association between keratinocyte damage and the severity of visceral involvement. Objectives To describe the dermatopathological features in a large series of DRESS and their possible association with clinical features and the severity of the disease. Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinicobiological and dermatopathological features in a monocentric cohort of patients with DRESS. Results From January 2005 to January 2013, 45 patients were validated as probable or definite cases of DRESS. The median age was 64 years (range 3-87). The most frequent clinical and biological features included: fever ≥38.5°C (95%), facial oedema (72%), enlarged lymph nodes (51%), visceral involvement (75%), blood eosinophilia (97%) and atypical lymphocytes (82%). Severe DRESS occurred in 24% and a fatal outcome in 6% of patients. Histopathological analysis showed that no specific histopathological pattern was characteristic for DRESS. However, several changes in different cutaneous compartments were observed in 2 of 3 of cases. Spongiosis (55%) and keratinocyte damage (53%) were the most common epidermal changes. Spongiosis was associated with non-severe DRESS ( P = 0.041) whereas confluent keratinocyte necrosis correlated with severe DRESS ( P = 0.011). Vascular changes were frequent (88%). A moderate dermal perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate was invariably present, containing eosinophils, neutrophils and/or atypical lymphocytes in 57% of cases. Conclusions Epidermal changes are indicative for the severity of DRESS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Thick primary cutaneous melanoma ( PCM) is associated with older age, male sex, being single, a low educational level, self-detection and general practice detection, nodular melanoma ( NM) and acral lentiginous melanoma ( ALM) types; and are found in the head-neck and lower limb locations. Obesity plays a direct role on melanoma tumour growth, as it has been shown in animal models, but its role in the thickness of PCM remains unknown. Objectives We investigated the impact of obesity on the thickness of invasive PCM. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in a prospective cohort for which we collected several clinical and histological data already known to be associated with thick PCM and the Body Mass Index from new cases of invasive PCM which were referred to the dermatology department in Valence. Results Four hundred and twenty-seven patients were studied. In an univariate analysis, thick PCM was associated with low educational level, obesity, identification by the patient or the general practitioner ( GP), location on the cephalic extremity, in a non-visible area of the body, the NM and ALM type, and an ulceration. In a multivariate analysis, NM, ulceration, topography of the melanoma and identification of the melanoma by the patient or GP were significantly associated with thick melanoma. When including only clinical features in the model, low educational level, mode of melanoma identification and obesity were significantly associated with a risk of thick melanoma. Conclusions Obesity is a clinical independent risk factor of thick PCM. For health policies, governments should pay greater attention to detect melanoma in obese patients. Our results encourage the basic research on tumoural growth mechanisms due to obesity in melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Stringent control of proteolytic activity represents a major therapeutic approach for wound-bed preparation. Objectives We tested whether a protease-modulating polyacrylate- ( PA-) containing hydrogel resulted in a more efficient wound-bed preparation of venous leg ulcers when compared to an amorphous hydrogel without known protease-modulating properties. Methods Patients were randomized to the polyacrylate-based hydrogel ( n = 34) or to an amorphous hydrogel ( n = 41). Wound beds were evaluated by three blinded experts using photographs taken on days 0, 7 and 14. Results After 14 days of treatment there was an absolute decrease in fibrin and necrotic tissue of 37.6 ± 29.9 percentage points in the PA-based hydrogel group and by 16.8 ± 23.0 percentage points in the amorphous hydrogel group. The absolute increase in the proportion of ulcer area covered by granulation tissue was 36.0 ± 27.4 percentage points in the PA-based hydrogel group and 14.5 ± 22.0 percentage points in the control group. The differences between the groups were significant (decrease in fibrin and necrotic tissue P = 0.004 and increase in granulation tissue P = 0.0005, respectively). Conclusion In particular, long-standing wounds profited from the treatment with the PA-based hydrogel. These data suggest that PA-based hydrogel dressings can stimulate normalization of the wound environment, particularly in hard-to-heal ulcers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ixekizumab is a humanized immunoglobulin G monoclonal antibody targeting the IL-17A, and labelled to treat moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Similarly, we found an observation with positive IDT but negative SPT to ixekizumab and negative tests to polysorbate.5 The patient had immediate and delayed skin reaction at the injection site after a single injection of ixekizumab. Are injection site reactions in monoclonal antibody therapies caused by polysorbate excipient degradants?. [Extracted from the article]

Presents several cases of contact dermatitis. Allergic contact dermatitis resulting from hydrophila salicifolia; Contact hypersensitivity to monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone used to treat vitiligo; Uses of antimicrobials; Persistent nodules at sites of hepatitis B vaccination due to aluminum sensitization.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease, with cutaneous involvement in up to 35% of cases. Owing to its heterogeneous clinical presentation, sarcoidosis is often referred to as the 'great imitator' of dermatological disease. A rare variant of photosensitive cutaneous sarcoidosis has been infrequently reported in the literature. We describe an unusual case of recurrent, photo-distributed cutaneous sarcoidosis presenting only during the summer months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 19-month-old boy was evaluated for a skin eruption after recent vaccinations. Clinical and histopathologic findings supported a diagnosis of Gianotti-Crosti syndrome (GCS). This case report examines the link between GCS and vaccinations, particularly the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine and the varicella virus live vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a large infiltrating atypical granular cell tumor in a child with Noonan syndrome. Even though granular cell tumors are rare in childhood, five cases have been reported in children with Noonan syndrome. This study compares these different cases and explores the possibility of activation of the granular cell by the Ras pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents case studies of women with metastatic Crohn's disease (MCD). The 24-year-old woman experience a recurring lesions in her legs which developed to erythematous soft plaque with superficial desquamation and reached a microulcerative stated based on the result of histopathological examination. The case of the 62-year-old woman has woody oedema in a mamelonated surface of the pubis wherein histopathological examination reveals the presence of lymphocytes and histioncytes.

The article presents a case study of a Korean patients treated from a post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation in the face. The patients were given Q-switched Nd:YAG laser treatment and erbium-doped fractional photothermolysis system sessions to eliminate the brownish macules pigment in the face and generate a good therapeutic outcome. The study reveals that Q-switched Nd:YAG laser treatment helps increase the melanin pigments of the face with low level of risks.

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article related to a cytostatic agent hydroxyurea used in the treatment of several haematological diseases.

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article related to the side effects that can be enhanced from the application of imiquimod.