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This study investigated the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) in acceleration of orthodontic movement of inferior molar uprighting movement. Thirty‐four individuals, with indication of molar uprighting movement for oral rehabilitation, were randomly divided in two groups: verticalization + PBM (808 nm, 100 mW, 1 J per point, 10 points and 25 J/cm2) or verticalization + PBM simulation. Elastomeric chain ligatures were changed every 30 days for 3 months. FBM was performed immediately, 24 h, 72 h, 1 and 2 months after activation. The primary outcome was the amount of uprighting movement. Secondary outcomes were pain, amount of medication, OHIP‐14 questionnaire, and cytokine IL‐1β. PBM group increase uprighting movement when compared to control after 3 months and modulate IL‐1β expression. For pain control, the amount of medication and OHIP‐14 no difference were found. This study suggests that PBM accelerates tooth movement during molar uprighting, due to modulation of IL‐1β during bone remodeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the oral shedding of herpesviruses in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and correlate it with oral mucositis (OM). Methods: Saliva samples were collected before the HSCT and on day D + 8. Multiplex Polymerse Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to detect herpes simplex virus (HSV)‐1 and HSV‐2, Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Variella‐zoster virus (VZV), and human herpesvirus (HHV)‐6, HHV‐7, and HHV‐8. OM was assessed according to WHO criteria. Results: Thirty one patients were enrolled, in which 20 of 31 (64.5%) were males; median age was 50 (21–70) years; 16 of 31 (51.6%) underwent allo‐HSCT; and 15 of 31 (48.4%) underwent auto‐HSCT. On D + 8, OM grades III and IV were observed in 8 of 31 (25.8%) patients. In the first salivary collection, EBV was found in 24 of 31 (77.4%), followed by HHV‐6 (7/31, 22.6%) and HHV‐7 (8/31 25.8%). In the second collection, EBV was found in 24 of 27(89%), followed by HSV‐1 (8/27, 30%) and CMV, HHV‐6, and HHV‐7 (5/27, 18.5%, each one). On D + 8, OM grades II and IV were associated with the presence of HSV‐1. HSV‐1 was also associated with worsening degrees of OM on D + 15. Conclusion: The presence of HSV‐1 and CMV in oral samples was more frequent on day D + 8 after HSCT. HSV‐1 detection was associated with severity and worsening of OM. HSV‐1 and CMV seem to be associated with oral dysbiosis due to HSCT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aims to know whether poor oral health increases the risk of acute rejection and hospitalization in kidney allograft recipients. Methods and results: This is a prospective cohort study. The same dentist followed participants for 2 months after renal transplant for monitoring oral health (clinical evaluation, DTMF index, and CPITN index), signs of graft rejection, infection, and hospitalization. We compiled rates and reasons for hospital readmission or extended hospital stay. The CPITN had a mean score of 0.38 ± 0.71, increasing to 0.90 ± 0.84, 60 days after transplant (P <.001). No one rejected the graft in the period of study. Patients with older age (P =.009; OR: 1.07; CI 95% 1.01–1.12) were at higher risk of hospitalization at each year of age and patients presenting pretransplant dental focus (P =.001; OR: 7.23; CI 95% 2.13–24.56) had 7.23 times more chance to be hospitalized in the first 2 months after the transplant. One participant was hospitalized due to acute foci of dental infection. Conclusion: There was an association between dental focus and hospital readmission/stay. However, our methods do not provide conclusive proof of causality. Hospitalization due to acute dental infection was rare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The objective was to assess the oral shedding and viremia of human herpesviruses in renal transplant recipients. Methods: This is a cohort study in which the participants were examined in three different periods: the first within 24 hours before renal transplantation and the second and third ones 15‐20 and 45‐60 days after the transplantation. Mouthwash and blood samples were collected in each period and then submitted to screening for the presence of eight types of human herpesviruses by using multiplex PCR. Results: HSV‐1 and EBV were more frequent in the saliva after renal transplantation, 15‐ to 20‐day period after the transplant. EBV was found in the saliva of 26 (35.6%) patients before renal transplantation and in 56.2% and 46.6% of them, in the 15‐ to 20‐day and 45‐ to 60‐day periods after the transplant, respectively. High detection rates (75.3%‐78.1%) were found for HHV‐7 despite the lack of significant variations between the study periods. There was no concordance between herpesviruses oral shedding and viremia. Conclusion: We concluded that the pattern of excretion of HSV‐1 and EBV in saliva is changed immediately after renal transplantation, increasing in the 15‐ to 20‐day period after the transplant surgery. No concordance between herpesviruses oral shedding and viremia was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To compare outcomes of dental procedures among a group of renal transplant recipients who had received antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) before the procedure and another group that had not received AP.Methods and Results: The records of all renal transplant patients treated at the Special Care Dentistry Center (SCDC) were assessed. Dental procedures documented in the records were classified as invasive or noninvasive. All dental procedures performed were compiled, and the prescription or nonprescription of prophylactic antibiotics, and the incidence and description of postoperative complications after invasive procedures were recorded. Eighty-seven records were evaluated. Out of 190 invasive procedures all were simple dental extractions, 107 (56.3%) were preceded by AP; out of 242 noninvasive procedures, 14 (5.7%) were preceded by AP. A lack of uniformity on the type and dose of the antibiotic prescribed was observed. Four postoperative complications after invasive procedures (dental extraction) were noted and in 2 cases the procedures were preceded by AP.Conclusion: This retrospective study showed no difference in postextraction outcomes between renal transplant recipients who received and who did not receive AP before dental extractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim This study investigated the immunohistochemical expression of hMLH1 and hMSH2 proteins in lower lip squamous cell carcinoma ( SCC) and actinic cheilitis ( AC), to contribute to the understanding of the development of lower lip cancer. Methods and results Forty cases of lower lip AC and SCC were studied. Quantitative immunohistochemical analysis was undertaken by counting 1000 cells (positive and negative) in each lesion. Statistical evaluation included Student's t-test and one-way anova. For SCC and AC, the mean number of hMLH1- and hMSH2-positive cells decreased with advanced stage of the lesion. The largest mean number of immunostained cells was observed in AC cases without dysplasia or with mild dysplasia ( hMLH1: 721.23 ± 88.116; hMHS2: 781.50 ± 156.93). Intermediate values were obtained for AC with moderate or severe dysplasia ( hMLH1: 532.86 ± 197.72; hMHS2: 611.14 ± 172.48). Lower lip SSCs presented the smallest number of positive cells ( hMLH1: 255.03 ± 199.47; hMHS2: 518.38 ± 265.68). A statistically significant difference was observed between groups ( P < 0.001). Conclusions The results support the hypothesis that changes in the immunoexpression of these mismatch proteins are related to the process of carcinogenesis of the lower lip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the present study was to delineate the epidemiological profile of young patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated at a healthcare service in northeastern Brazil. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was performed involving the quantitative analysis of 51 medical records from patients diagnosed with SCC between 1998 and 2013. All patients aged ≤50 years were included in the study. Statistical analysis involved Pearson's χ2‐test, Fisher's exact test, and the Mann‐Whitney U‐test, with the level of significance set at 5% (P < .05). Results: The mean age was 46 ± 7.94 years, and males accounted for 80.4% of the sample. The tongue was the most affected site (37.3%). Most tumors were classified as stage III (26.3%) or IV (42.1%). Surgery associated with chemotherapy was the most common therapeutic approach (39.3%). Female patients had a lower mean age (P = .013) and less advanced clinical staging (P = .022). Smoking was more associated with male sex (P = .043). Conclusion: SCC in young patients is more common in males aged 46 ± 7.94 years, with the tongue being the most affected anatomic site. Important differences were found in clinical‐epidemiological features between young men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]