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Background: The treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) has not been well studied. Many clinicians are indifferent about canalith reposition maneuvers and frequently prefer medical treatments. Objectives: We aimed to detect efficacy of Epley maneuver in relieving symptoms of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo patients diagnosed in emergency department and if medical treatments are useful in patients whose symptoms were not relieved. Methods: The study was conducted as a prospective cohort study in the emergency department of a tertiary hospital. Patients who were over 18 years of age and presented to emergency department with complaints of vertigo symptoms and nausea and had a positive Dix–Hallpike test were included in the study. Patients' demographic data, possible etiological factors, affected ear, and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo diagnosis in the history were recorded on the study data form. The European Evaluation of Vertigo scale and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score of nausea and vertigo symptoms were graded and recorded for each patient before and after treatment. Results: Ninety patients were included in the study in total. Epley maneuver was carried out to all patients. Vertigo symptoms VAS (VASd) score (p < 0.001), nausea and vomiting VAS (VASnv) score (p < 0.001), and European Evaluation of Vertigo scale score (p < 0.001) of all patients showed a statistically significant decrease after Epley maneuver. A combination of dimenhydrinate and metoclopramide helped to reduce VASd (p = 0.048), VASnv (p = 0.031), and European Evaluation of Vertigo scale scores (p = 0.001) at a statistically significant level more than dimenhydrinate treatment alone. Conclusions: Epley maneuver may be applied to every patient with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Dimenhydrinate and/or metoclopramide helps to control patients' symptoms whose symptoms remain despite Epley maneuver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and natural agents have shown some promise in fighting it. Thus, the present study tried to evaluate the healing potential of an equal combination of olive and sesame extract (MOS) against the colorectal cancerous lesions that were induced by dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in male rats and also compare the anticarcinogenic potential of the MOS and vitamin E with each other. Therefore, the mixture of equal olive and sesame extract (MOS) was used as the main treatment, alongside vitamin E as a parallel treatment. This study examined the red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) levels, biochemical indices, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), total protein (TP), creatine kinase (CPK), albumin, and the colon tissue pathology, as well as the level of protein expression of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Also, the tissue stress markers including total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analyzed. Overall, the results represented a significant reduction in the congestion, mitotic index, inflammation, and cell destruction in the MOS group compared to the DMH group. In terms of the oxidative stress level, a significant increase was observed in the DMH group in comparison with the DMH-MOS group (P < 0.05), and the MOS significantly increased TAC level (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the DMH+MOS-exposed group exhibited a significantly lower expression of the PCNA, CEA, and PDGF proteins than those of the DMH group. Overall, the MOS showed that it can effectively prevent DMH-induced colon lesions. This mixture, as a strong antioxidant agent, can be clinically applied for preventing and treating colorectal cancer, the effectiveness of which is higher than that of vitamin E. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dimenhydrinate (DIM) is a salt composed by the combination of two active pharmaceutical ingredients: diphenhydramine (DIP) and 8-chlorotheophylline (CTP). In this work, the use of batch injection analysis with multiple pulse amperometric detection (BIA-MPA) was proposed for the first time for fast stoichiometric determination of DIM. DIP (cation) and CTP (anion) were determined simultaneously in pharmaceutical samples with a simple and fast injection procedure (70 injections h−1). Additional strategies were also proposed for rapid screening of samples containing the DIM salt. By a simple injection of a sample into the BIA system (without using of calibration curve), reliable information about stoichiometry of the DIM salt (1 : 1; DIP:CTP) and presence or absence of interfering species (electroactive) can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we aimed to investigate and compare the direct toxic and teratogenic effects of dimenhydrinate, metoclopramide and trimethobenzamide HCl, antiemetic drugs on embryonic growth and development in cultured rat embryos. Embryos were explanted on day 9.5 of gestation and cultured. Whole rat serum was used as a culture medium for the control group while different concentrations of dimenhydrinate (2.5-20 μg/ml), metoclopramide (10-50 μg/ml) and trimethobenzamide HCl (25-100 μg/ml) were added to serum for the experimental groups. Effects of antiemetics on embryonic developmental parameters were compared, and embryos were evaluated for the presence of any malformations. Also, the total DNA was extracted from the cells to determine the fragmentation of nuclear DNA of embryonic cells. Compared with the control embryos, the antiemetics significantly decreased all growth and developmental parameters dose dependently. There was no difference regarding the fragmentation of nuclear DNA of the all used agents and controls. Amongst the agents, trimethobenzamide HCl was found to have more toxic and teratogenic potential, and metoclopramide appears to be the least toxic antiemetic and therefore could be more safely used and might be preferred for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Although rarely life-threatening, postoperative vomiting (POV) is a distressing complication. The incidence of POV ranges from 34 to 90% in children undergoing strabismus surgery when antiemetics are not administered prophylactically. : In this study, a cost-consequence analysis (CCA) is used to estimate the economic benefit of ondansetron and dimenhydrinate as antiemetics administered prophylactically in children undergoing strabismus surgery. This retrospective study was conducted at The Hospital for Sick Children based on a review of 70 charts. : Ondansetron was more effective with 45.3 POV-free patients (PFP) in an adjusted cohort of 100, while dimenhydrinate resulted in 38.2 PFP in an adjusted cohort of 100. The costs were significantly different between the two groups, CAD$ 185.90 (±26.37, 95% CI, CAD$ 173,89; CAD$ 197.90) and CAD$ 232.90 (±CAD$ 66.84, 95% CI, CAD$ 198.53; CAD$ 267.27) per patient for ondansetron and dimenhydrinate, respectively. The length of stay in the postanesthetic care unit (PACU) represented over 97% of total costs, and the mean lengths of stay in the PACU for ondansetron and dimenhydrinate were significantly different, 3.43 and 4.41 h, respectively. : This study should serve as a pilot for a large-scale investigation on the correlation between the length of stay in the PACU and the antiemetic agent used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diphenhydramine and its theoclate salt dimenhydrinate are traditional antiemetics still in use. However, so far the quantitative effect of dimenhydrinate in the prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) has not been evaluated systematically.Methods: Results from randomized controlled trials investigating the efficacy of dimenhydrinate vs. a control to prevent PONV were included in a meta-analysis. Studies were systematically searched through MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane-Library, manually screening of reference lists of matching review articles and current issues of locally available peer-reviewed anesthesia journals, up to June 2001. The numbers of patients with complete absence of PONV within 6 h and within 48 h after surgery were extracted as the main end point. Pooled relative benefits (RB) and numbers-needed-to-treat (NNT) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random effects model. This quantitative systematic review was performed following the recommendations of the QUORUM statement. In all, 18 trials with 3045 patients were included in the analysis: 1658 patients received a placebo (control) and 1387 patients received dimenhydrinate.Results: The RB to stay completely free of PONV was 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1-1.4) for the early period (NNT = 8; 95% CI: 5-25) and 1.5 (1.3-1.8) for the overall investigated period (NNT = 5; 95% CI: 3-9).Conclusion: Dimenhydrinate is a traditional and inexpensive antiemetic with an efficacy that might be considered as clinically relevant. Although in use for a long time, the dose-response, precise estimation of side-effects, optimal time of administration and the benefit of repetitive doses still remain unclear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Typical ECG of that described for Brugada syndrome was elicited in a patient diagnosed with labyrinthopathy during Infusion of dimenhydrinate, a first-generation antihistamine usually used to treat motion sickness. Although the patient had no history of syncope or palpitations, and there was no family history of cardiac disease or sudden death, the ECG abnormality was reproduced later with intravenous flecainide, and an asymptomatic Brugada syndrome was diagnosed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on a fixed drug eruption associated with dimenhydrinate, in a nonprescription motion sickness medicine and on allergenic cross-reactivity in the Liliaceae family. Clinical presentation of the allergic reactions; Diagnosis; Tests and treatments conducted on patients.